What are the different types of medicines for softening stool and treating constipation? How do they work and what are the potential side effects? Get all the details in this comprehensive guide.

Exploring Over-the-Counter Treatments for Constipation

When it comes to managing constipation, there are a variety of over-the-counter (OTC) options available. These include:

Fiber Supplements

Fiber supplements like calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon), methylcellulose fiber (Citrucel), psyllium (Konsyl, Metamucil), and wheat dextrin (Benefiber) work by absorbing water to help form bulky stool and get your bowels moving. It’s important to drink lots of water with fiber supplements to prevent them from causing blockages. Some people may experience bloating and abdominal discomfort with fiber supplements.

Osmotic Laxatives

Osmotic laxatives like magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia), lactitol (Pizenzy), and polyethylene glycol (Miralax) help draw water into the large intestine, softening the stool. However, they can also cause cramping, diarrhea, and nausea, especially in older adults or those with heart or kidney problems. It’s best to check with your doctor before using these.

Stimulant Laxatives

Stimulant laxatives like bisacodyl (Correctol, Ducodyl, Dulcolax) and sennocides (Senexon, Senokot) work by causing the intestines to contract, helping to move things along. These are often recommended for severe constipation when other treatments haven’t worked, but they should be used with caution as they can be habit-forming.

Stool Softeners

Stool softeners like docusate sodium (Colace) work by pulling water into the intestines, softening the stool and making it easier to pass. These are often recommended for short-term use, such as after surgery, to avoid straining during bowel movements.

Prescription Medications for Constipation

If over-the-counter treatments don’t provide enough relief, there are several prescription medications that can be used to treat constipation:

Lactulose

Lactulose (Cephulac, Constulose, Duphalac, Enulose, Kristalose) is an osmotic laxative that draws water into the bowel to soften and loosen the stool. Potential side effects include gas, diarrhea, upset stomach, and abdominal cramps.

Linaclotide

Linaclotide (Linzess) is a capsule taken once daily to treat chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). It works by drawing water into the intestines, which helps stool pass more easily and increases bowel movement frequency. Diarrhea is the most common side effect.

Lubiprostone

Lubiprostone (Amitiza) is used to treat chronic constipation or constipation caused by opioid medications, as well as IBS-C in women. It softens the stool by increasing fluid secretion in the intestines. Possible side effects include headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting.

Plecanatide

Plecanatide (Trulance) is a once-daily tablet that helps the body produce more fluid in the intestines, aiding in the passage of stool. It may be recommended if other treatments haven’t provided sufficient relief.

Other Treatment Options for Constipation

In addition to oral medications, there are a few other treatment options that may be used for constipation:

Suppositories

Suppositories, such as those containing glycerin or bisacodyl (Dulcolax), are inserted directly into the rectum. They work by stimulating the intestines to contract and pass stool.

Enemas

Enemas, which involve injecting fluid directly into the rectum, can also help soften and expel stool. These may contain plain tap water or substances like bisacodyl or mineral oil.

Lubricant Laxatives

Lubricant laxatives, such as mineral oil, work by making it easier for stool to pass through the colon.

Considerations and Precautions

It’s important to note that while laxatives can provide relief from constipation, they should not be used as a long-term solution. Overuse can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dependence. Always consult your doctor before starting any new constipation treatment, especially if you have underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications.

Conclusion

Constipation can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition, but there are many over-the-counter and prescription medications available to help soften stool and improve bowel function. By understanding the different types of treatments and their potential side effects, you can work with your healthcare provider to find the best solution for your individual needs.