What are the proper dosages of Milk of Magnesia for different conditions. How should it be administered to adults and children. What are the potential drug interactions and side effects to be aware of. Discover everything you need to know about this common over-the-counter medication.

Understanding Milk of Magnesia: Composition and Forms

Milk of Magnesia, also known as magnesium hydroxide, is a widely used over-the-counter medication primarily employed for treating constipation and acid indigestion. Its active ingredient, magnesium hydroxide, works by drawing water into the intestines, which softens the stool and promotes bowel movements.

This medication is available in various forms to suit different needs and preferences:

• Chewable tablets (311mg or 400mg)
• Liquid suspension (400mg/5mL, 800mg/5mL, 1200mg/15mL, or 2400mg/10mL)

The availability of multiple strengths and formulations allows for flexibility in dosing and administration, catering to both adults and children.

Dosage Guidelines for Adults

The appropriate dosage of Milk of Magnesia can vary depending on the condition being treated and the specific formulation used. Here are the general guidelines for adult use:

For Constipation:

• Liquid suspension (400 mg/5 mL): 30-60 mL/day orally at bedtime or in divided doses
• Liquid suspension (800 mg/5 mL): 15-30 mL/day orally at bedtime or in divided doses
• Chewable tablets: 8 tablets/day orally at bedtime or in divided doses

For Acid Indigestion:

• Liquid suspension (400 mg/5 mL): 5-15 mL orally every 4 hours, not exceeding 4 doses in a 24-hour period
• Chewable tablets: 2-4 tablets orally every 4 hours, not exceeding 4 doses in a 24-hour period

Is it safe to take Milk of Magnesia daily for an extended period. While occasional use is generally considered safe, prolonged daily use may lead to electrolyte imbalances and other health issues. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional if symptoms persist or if regular use is required for more than a week.

Pediatric Dosing: Ensuring Safe Use in Children

Milk of Magnesia can be used in children, but dosing must be adjusted based on age and weight. Here are the recommended dosages for different age groups:

For Constipation:

1. Ages 2-6 years:
   • 5-15 mL/day of regular-strength liquid orally at bedtime or in divided doses
2. Ages 6-12 years:
   • 15-30 mL/day (400 mg/5 mL) or 7.5-15 mL/day (800 mg/5 mL) orally at bedtime or in divided doses
   • Chewable tablets: 4 tablets orally once daily or in divided doses
3. Ages 12 years and older:
   • 30-60 mL/day (400 mg/5 mL) or 15-30 mL/day (800 mg/5 mL) orally at bedtime or in divided doses
   • Chewable tablets: 8 tablets orally once daily or in divided doses

For Acid Indigestion (12 years and older):

• Liquid: 5-15 mL (400 mg/5 mL) orally every 4 hours, not exceeding 4 doses in a 24-hour period
• Chewable tablets: 2-4 tablets orally every 4 hours, not exceeding 4 doses in a 24-hour period

Can Milk of Magnesia be given to infants. Milk of Magnesia is not recommended for children under 2 years of age without medical supervision. For infants and toddlers, always consult a pediatrician before administering any laxative or antacid medication.

Drug Interactions: Navigating Potential Risks

Milk of Magnesia can interact with various medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Some of the most significant interactions include:

• Antibiotics (tetracyclines, quinolones)
• Antiviral medications (e.g., baloxavir marboxil)
• Certain blood thinners
• Some heart medications
• Thyroid hormone replacement drugs

How can one minimize the risk of drug interactions when taking Milk of Magnesia. To reduce the potential for interactions, it’s advisable to:

1. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
2. Space out the administration of Milk of Magnesia and other medications by at least 2-4 hours, or as directed by your healthcare provider.
3. Be particularly cautious with medications that are known to interact with magnesium-containing antacids.

Always consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist if you have concerns about potential drug interactions.

Side Effects and Precautions: What to Watch For

While Milk of Magnesia is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects may include:

• Diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Nausea
• Weakness
• Dizziness

More serious side effects, though rare, can occur. These may include:

• Severe diarrhea leading to dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalances, particularly in those with kidney problems
• Allergic reactions

When should you seek medical attention while using Milk of Magnesia. Immediate medical attention is warranted if you experience:

• Signs of an allergic reaction (rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, difficulty breathing)
• Severe or persistent diarrhea
• Muscle weakness or unusual tiredness
• Mood changes
• Irregular heartbeat

It’s crucial to use Milk of Magnesia as directed and not exceed the recommended dosage or duration of use without medical supervision.

Special Considerations for Specific Populations

Certain groups may need to exercise extra caution when using Milk of Magnesia:

Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women

While Milk of Magnesia is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider before use. Prolonged use or high doses may affect mineral balance and should be avoided.

Elderly Individuals

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of Milk of Magnesia and may require lower doses. They should also be monitored more closely for side effects, particularly electrolyte imbalances.

People with Kidney Problems

Individuals with kidney disease or impaired renal function should use Milk of Magnesia with caution, as they may be at higher risk for magnesium toxicity.

Do certain medical conditions contraindicate the use of Milk of Magnesia. Yes, Milk of Magnesia should be avoided or used with extreme caution in individuals with:

• Severe kidney disease
• Heart block
• Myasthenia gravis
• Appendicitis or symptoms of appendicitis
• Intestinal obstruction

Always inform your healthcare provider of any existing medical conditions before using Milk of Magnesia.

Alternative Treatment Options: When to Consider Other Remedies

While Milk of Magnesia can be effective for occasional constipation and acid indigestion, it’s not always the best choice for everyone or for long-term use. Consider these alternatives:

For Constipation:

• Increased dietary fiber intake
• Adequate hydration
• Regular exercise
• Stool softeners (e.g., docusate sodium)
• Osmotic laxatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol)
• Bulk-forming laxatives (e.g., psyllium)

For Acid Indigestion:

• Lifestyle modifications (e.g., avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals)
• Other antacids (e.g., calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide)
• H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine, ranitidine)
• Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) for more severe or frequent symptoms

When is it appropriate to switch from Milk of Magnesia to other treatments. Consider alternatives if:

1. Milk of Magnesia is not providing adequate relief
2. You experience persistent side effects
3. You require frequent or long-term use
4. You have underlying medical conditions that may be exacerbated by Milk of Magnesia

Always consult with a healthcare professional before making significant changes to your treatment regimen, especially if symptoms persist or worsen.

Proper Storage and Handling of Milk of Magnesia

To maintain the effectiveness and safety of Milk of Magnesia, proper storage and handling are essential. Follow these guidelines:

• Store at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and heat
• Keep the container tightly closed when not in use
• Do not freeze liquid formulations
• Keep out of reach of children
• Check the expiration date before use and discard any expired product
• Shake liquid formulations well before each use

Can Milk of Magnesia lose its effectiveness if not stored properly. Yes, improper storage can affect the potency and safety of the medication. Signs that Milk of Magnesia may have deteriorated include:

• Changes in color or consistency
• Unusual odor
• Presence of mold or other contaminants
• Crystallization in liquid formulations

If you notice any of these signs, it’s best to discard the product and obtain a fresh supply.

By following proper storage and handling procedures, you can ensure that your Milk of Magnesia remains safe and effective throughout its intended shelf life.

Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more

Dosing & Uses

AdultPediatric

Dosage Forms & Strengths

chewable tablet

• 311mg
• 400mg

suspension

• 7.75%
• 400mg/5mL
• 800mg/5mL
• 1200mg/15mL
• 2400mg/10mL

Constipation

Magnesium hydroxide (400 mg/5 mL): 30-60 mL/day PO at bedtime or in divided doses

Magnesium hydroxide (800 mg/5 mL): 15-30 mL/day PO at bedtime or in divided doses

Chewable tablet: 8 tablets/day PO at bedtime or in divided doses

Acid Indigestion

Magnesium hydroxide (400 mg/5 mL): 5-15 mL PO q4hr; no more than 4 doses per 24-hour period

Chewable tablet: 2-4 tablets PO q4hr; no more than 4 doses per 24-hour period

Dosage Forms & Strengths

chewable tablet

• 311mg
• 400mg

suspension

• 7.75%
• 400mg/5mL
• 800mg/5mL
• 1200mg/15mL
• 2400mg/10mL

Constipation

Suspension

• 2-6 years: 5-15 mL/day of regular-strength liquid PO at bedtime or in divided doses
• 6-12 years: 15-30 mL/day (400 mg/5 mL) or 7. 5-15 mL/day (800 mg/5 mL) PO at bedtime or in divided doses
• ≥12 years: 30-60 mL/day (400 mg/5 mL) or 15-30 mL/day (800 mg/5 mL) PO at bedtime or in divided doses

Chewable tablet

• 3-6 years: 2 tablets PO once daily or in divided doses
• 6-12 years: 4 tablets PO once daily or in divided doses
• >12 years: 8 tablets PO once daily or in divided doses

Acid Indigestion

Liquid

• ≥12 years: 5-15 mL (400 mg/5 mL) PO q4hr; no more than 4 doses per 24-hour period

Chewable tablet

• ≥12 years: 2-4 tablets PO q4hr; no more than 4 doses per 24-hour period

Interactions

Interaction Checker

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Serious – Use Alternative (13)

• baloxavir marboxil

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of baloxavir marboxil by cation binding in GI tract. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Baloxavir may bind to polyvalent cations resulting in decreased absorption. Studies in monkeys showed concurrent use with calcium, aluminum, or iron caused significantly decreased plasma levels. Human studies not conducted.

• demeclocycline

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of demeclocycline by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• doxycycline

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of doxycycline by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• eltrombopag

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of eltrombopag by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Contraindicated. Separate by at least 4 hours.

• infigratinib

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of infigratinib by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If use with an acid-reducing agent cannot be avoided, administer infigratinib 2 hr before and after administration of a locally-acting antacid.

• minocycline

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of minocycline by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• oxytetracycline

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of oxytetracycline by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• pazopanib

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of pazopanib by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid coadministration of pazopanib with drugs that raise gastric pH; may use short-acting antacids in place of PPIs and h3 antagonists, but separate antacid and pazopanib dosing by several hours

• ponatinib

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of ponatinib by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

• potassium phosphates, IV

  magnesium hydroxide decreases effects of potassium phosphates, IV by cation binding in GI tract. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Magnesium decreases serum phosphate concentration by binding dietary phosphate. Use alternatives if available.

• raltegravir

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of raltegravir by cation binding in GI tract. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Magnesium containing antacids reduce raltegravir plasma levels when taken within 6 hr of raltegravir dose

• sotorasib

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of sotorasib by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. If use with an acid-reducing agent cannot be avoided, administer sotorasib 4 hr before or 10 hr after administration of a locally-acting antacid.

• tetracycline

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of tetracycline by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.

Monitor Closely (23)

• bictegravir

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of bictegravir by cation binding in GI tract. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Bictegravir can be taken under fasting conditions 2 hr before antacids containing Al, Mg, or Ca. Routine administration of bictegravir simultaneously with, or 2 hr after, antacids containing Al, Mg, or Ca is not recommended.

• cabotegravir

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of cabotegravir by cation binding in GI tract. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Administer antacid products at least 2 hr before or 4 hr after taking oral cabotegravir.

• chloroquine

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of chloroquine by Mechanism: inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Separate doses by at least 4 hr

• ciprofloxacin

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Coadministration of ciprofloxacin with multivalent cation-containing products may reduce the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by 90%. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after using these products. Use alternatives if available.

• crizotinib

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of crizotinib by increasing gastric pH. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Drugs that elevate the gastric pH may decrease the solubility of crizotinib and subsequently reduce its bioavailability. However, no formal studies have been conducted. .

• deferiprone

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of deferiprone by enhancing GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Deferiprone may bind polyvalent cations (eg, iron, aluminum, and zinc), separate administration by at least 4 hr between deferiprone and other medications (eg, antacids), or supplements containing these polyvalent cations.

• deflazacort

  magnesium hydroxide and deflazacort both decrease serum potassium. Use Caution/Monitor.

• dolutegravir

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of dolutegravir by cation binding in GI tract. Use Caution/Monitor. Administer dolutegravir 2 hr before or 6 hr after taking medications containing polyvalent cations; use alternative therapy if available

• fleroxacin

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of fleroxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• gemifloxacin

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of gemifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• lanthanum carbonate

  lanthanum carbonate, magnesium hydroxide. cation binding in GI tract. Use Caution/Monitor. Administer antacid at least 2 hours before or after lanthanum. .

• levofloxacin

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of levofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• moxifloxacin

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of moxifloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• ofloxacin

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of ofloxacin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• omadacycline

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of omadacycline by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Multivalent cation-containing products may impair absorption of tetracyclines, which may decrease its efficacy. Separate dosing of tetracyclines from these products.

• pancrelipase

  magnesium hydroxide decreases effects of pancrelipase by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. Antacids may negate beneficial effects of enzymes.

• penicillamine

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of penicillamine by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate by 2 hours.

• pexidartinib

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of pexidartinib by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Separate pexidartinib by 2 hr before or after taking a locally-acting antacid.

• riociguat

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of riociguat by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Use Caution/Monitor. Separate administration by at least 1 hour.

• sarecycline

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of sarecycline by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Multivalent cation-containing products may impair absorption of tetracyclines, which may decrease its efficacy. Separate dosing of tetracyclines from these products.

• sodium phosphates, IV

  magnesium hydroxide decreases effects of sodium phosphates, IV by cation binding in GI tract. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Magnesium decreases serum phosphate concentration by binding dietary phosphate. Use alternatives if available.

• vismodegib

  magnesium hydroxide will decrease the level or effect of vismodegib by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor. Drugs that increase gastric pH alter vismodegib solubility and therefore reduce bioavailability; effect on efficacy unknown

• vitamin D

  vitamin D increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Use Caution/Monitor.
  Comment: Vitamin D can increase serum magnesium concentrations, particularly in the presence of renal impairment. The combined use of vitamin D and magnesium-containing products should be avoided, if possible, in patients with chronic renal failure.

Minor (41)

• amikacin

  amikacin decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• amiloride

  amiloride increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• amphotericin B deoxycholate

  amphotericin B deoxycholate decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens

  bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• bendroflumethiazide

  bendroflumethiazide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• bumetanide

  bumetanide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• calcitonin salmon

  calcitonin salmon increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorothiazide

  chlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• chlorthalidone

  chlorthalidone decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• conjugated estrogens

  conjugated estrogens decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• conjugated estrogens, vaginal

  conjugated estrogens, vaginal decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• cyclopenthiazide

  cyclopenthiazide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• dextrose

  dextrose decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• dextrose (Antidote)

  dextrose (Antidote) decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• digoxin

  digoxin decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• doxercalciferol

  doxercalciferol increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by enhancing GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• drospirenone

  drospirenone increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• estradiol

  estradiol decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• estrogens conjugated synthetic

  estrogens conjugated synthetic decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• estrogens esterified

  estrogens esterified decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• estropipate

  estropipate decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• ethacrynic acid

  ethacrynic acid decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• furosemide

  furosemide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• gentamicin

  gentamicin decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• glucagon intranasal

  glucagon intranasal increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• hydrochlorothiazide

  hydrochlorothiazide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• ibandronate

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of ibandronate by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• indapamide

  indapamide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mannitol

  mannitol decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• mestranol

  mestranol decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by Other (see comment). Minor/Significance Unknown.
  Comment: Magnesium shifted from blood to tissue storage.

• methyclothiazide

  methyclothiazide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• metolazone

  metolazone decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• neomycin PO

  neomycin PO decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• nitrofurantoin

  magnesium hydroxide decreases levels of nitrofurantoin by inhibition of GI absorption. Applies only to oral form of both agents. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• paromomycin

  paromomycin decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• sodium polystyrene sulfonate

  sodium polystyrene sulfonate increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown. Risk of alkalosis.

• spironolactone

  spironolactone increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• streptomycin

  streptomycin decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• tobramycin

  tobramycin decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• torsemide

  torsemide decreases levels of magnesium hydroxide by increasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

• triamterene

  triamterene increases levels of magnesium hydroxide by decreasing renal clearance. Minor/Significance Unknown.

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Adverse Effects

Frequency Not Defined

Abdominal cramping

Diarrhea

Electrolyte imbalance

Hypotension

Muscle weakness

Respiratory depression

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Warnings

Contraindications

Renal failure

Existing electrolyte imbalance

Appendicitis symptoms or acute surgical abdomen

Myocardial damage or heart block

Fecal impaction or rectal fissures

Intestinal obstruction or perforation

Undiagnosed abdominal pain

Cautions

Use with caution in renal insufficiency

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Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy category: A

Lactation: Use in nursing mothers appears to be safe

Pregnancy Categories

A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.

B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. C: Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks. Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. D: Use in LIFE-THREATENING emergencies when no safer drug available. Positive evidence of human fetal risk. X: Do not use in pregnancy. Risks involved outweigh potential benefits. Safer alternatives exist. NA: Information not available.

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Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Laxative: Promotes osmotic retention of fluid, which distends the colon with increased peristaltic activity and stimulates bowel evacuation

Antacid: Reacts with hydrochloric acid in stomach to form magnesium chloride

Absorption

Bioavailability: 15-30%

Onset: 0. 5-6 hr (laxative)

Elimination

Excretion: Urine (up to 30% as absorbed magnesium), feces (as unabsorbed drug)

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Images

Dulcolax (magnesium hydroxide) oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Dulcolax (magnesium hydroxide) oral –	1,200 mg chewable tablet
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	311 mg chewable tablet
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Phillips Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Milk of Magnesia oral –	400 mg/5 mL suspension
Pedia-Lax (mag hydroxide) oral –	400 mg (170 mg magnesium) chewable tablet

Copyright © 2010 First DataBank, Inc.

Milk Of Magnesia Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Uses

This medication is used for a short time to treat occasional constipation. It is a laxative (osmotic-type) that is thought to work by drawing water into the intestines, an effect that helps to cause movement of the intestines.This medication is also used to treat symptoms caused by too much stomach acid such as heartburn, upset stomach, or indigestion. It is an antacid that works by lowering the amount of acid in the stomach.

How to use Milk Of Magnesia Suspension, (Final Dose Form)

Take this product by mouth as directed. For the chewable form, chew thoroughly before swallowing. For the liquid form, shake the bottle well before each dose. Carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you are taking this medication for constipation, drink a full glass of water (8 ounces or 240 milliliters) with each dose. Follow all directions on the product package, or use as directed by your doctor. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Extended use or overuse of this medication for constipation may result in dependence on laxatives and ongoing constipation. Overuse may also cause diarrhea that doesn’t stop, dehydration, and mineral imbalances (such as high magnesium).

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse. For constipation problems, it may take 30 minutes to 6 hours to produce a bowel movement. Tell your doctor if this product does not produce a bowel movement, if you need to use this medication or other laxative products regularly for more than 1 week, or if you have rectal bleeding. For stomach acid problems, do not take the maximum dose of this medication for more than 2 weeks unless directed by your doctor. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Side Effects

Diarrhea may occur. If this effect lasts or gets worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: symptoms of high magnesium levels (such as muscle weakness, slow/irregular heartbeat, slow/shallow breathing, mental/mood changes such as confusion), symptoms of dehydration (such as decreased urination, dizziness, extreme thirst, very dry mouth), stomach/abdominal pain, bloody stools, rectal bleeding.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking magnesium hydroxide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, appendicitis or symptoms of appendicitis (such as stomach/abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting), magnesium-restricted diet, sudden change in bowel habits that lasts for longer than 2 weeks.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: raltegravir, sodium polystyrene sulfonate.

Magnesium hydroxide can decrease the absorption of other drugs such as dasatinib, atazanavir, gabapentin, digoxin, mycophenolate, phosphate supplements (such as potassium phosphate), tetracycline antibiotics (such as doxycycline, minocycline), certain azole antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole), and quinolone antibiotics (such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin). Separate your doses of these medications as far as possible from your doses of magnesium hydroxide. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about how long you should wait between doses and for help finding a dosing schedule that will work with all your medications.

Does Milk Of Magnesia Suspension, (Final Dose Form) interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: diarrhea that is severe or doesn’t stop, muscle weakness, mental/mood changes (such as confusion), slow/irregular heartbeat, decreased urination, dizziness.

Keep all medical and lab appointments.

Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and diet changes (including drinking enough water, eating a proper diet with fiber-rich foods such as bran, fresh fruits/vegetables) may prevent or relieve constipation.

Lifestyle changes such as stress reduction programs, stopping smoking, limiting alcohol, and diet changes (such as avoiding caffeine/certain spices) may help to reduce heartburn and other stomach acid problems.

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about lifestyle changes that might benefit you.

Not applicable.

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: pinkShape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: whiteShape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: whiteShape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: Shape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: Shape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: whiteShape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: whiteShape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: whiteShape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: Shape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: Shape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

Milk of Magnesia 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension

Color: Shape: Imprint:

This medicine is a pink, wild cherry, suspension

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Dosing complexes | ETATRON D.S.

Dosing technologies › Stations for dosing and preparation of reagents › Dosing complexes

This section presents automatic complexes for proportional dosing of antiscalants, biocides, solutions of chemical reagents to adjust pH and reduce the corrosive activity of water

The kits include: dosing pump, agitator, sensors, water meter with pulse output, reagent tank.

ATTENTION!!! Here are the types of zagalnyh stations. Each station is assembled according to the needs of the customer.

The ETATRON dosing complex is designed to introduce reagents into water that prevent the processes of oxygen and carbon dioxide corrosion of equipment, scale formation in hot water and steam boilers, corrosion in the steam-condensate path, heat and water supply systems, as well as biological fouling in cooling systems. Thanks to dosing complexes and a wide range of reagents for water treatment, water-chemical regimes are maintained.

A dosing pump installed on or near the dosing tank receives an external signal to operate from a water meter or a pH sensor, etc. and begins to supply the previously prepared solution from the tank to the pipeline at certain intervals. In addition to operation from an external signal, the operation of the dosing pump can be programmed for continuous dosing. The level sensor included in the scope of supply prevents dry running.

Dosing kits. Dosing of chemicals into water.

Dosing set includes:

• Dosing pump
• Water meter (flow meter)
• Dosing bottle
• Level sensor
• pH probe (optional)
• Free chlorine cell (optional)

We offer reagent dosing systems with the following options:

• One or more containers.
• Tank capacity up to 1000 l.
• Possibility to install several dosing pumps
• Agitator
• Possibility to install level sensors

Standard versions of reagent dosing systems

Model	Pump head [l/h]	Pump pressure [bar]	Container [l]	Agitator [kW]
ET-60	1 ~ 8	15 ~ 2	60	0.18
ET-100	1 ~ 8	15 ~ 2	108	0.18
ET-200	1 ~ 8	15 ~ 2	230	0.25
ET-300	5 ~ 80	20 ~ 1	315	0. 25
ET-500	5 ~ 80	20 ~ 1	530	0.37
ET-1000	5 ~ 80	20 ~ 1	1040	0.55

ETATRON station

Metering pumps

Mixers, agitators, hand mixers

Tanks, containers, protective trays, supports (plates)

Pulse meters / meters

Example:

Dosing of acid into water

At the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant, the volume of industrial wastewater has been reduced and a new treatment plant has been put into operation

April 26, 2018

At the Beloretsk Iron and Steel Works, the volume of industrial effluents has been reduced and a new treatment plant has been put into operation

Water Magazine, April 2018

At the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant, a new technology for cleaning billets (wire rod) from scale has been introduced, which made it possible to reduce the amount of industrial waste generated by eight times. In parallel with this, the wastewater treatment plant was reconstructed. As a result of the implementation of these projects, the negative environmental impact on the main water artery of Bashkortostan, the Belaya River, has been completely excluded.

Igor Tatarkin, Chief Ecologist of Beloretsk Iron and Steel Works, tells Voda Magazine about this.

JSC Beloretsk Iron and Steel Works (JSC BMK is part of the Mechel Group) is the largest hardware company in Russia, it occupies a leading position in the production and sale of metal products among domestic hardware companies. The plant produces rolled wire, steel wire from high-quality steel grades, steel ropes, strip of various sizes and sections, nails.

BMK high-strength wire workshop (TsVP No. 16) was put into operation in 1962. The workshop produces high-strength wire for reinforced concrete structures and sleepers, spring wire for machine builders and ordinary quality wire for the construction industry. The workshop provides 25% of the production of hardware from the total production of BMK.

The construction of wastewater treatment facilities at TsVP No. 16 was carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. At that time, the effluents discharged into the reservoir after treatment met the established requirements. At the time of the tightening of state requirements for the quality of wastewater discharged into a fishery reservoir, the treatment facilities of CVP No. 16 were outdated in terms of new environmental standards.

Before modernization, waste pickling solutions and washing waters were generated in the shop. The main mass of pollutants in wastewater was formed due to the process of etching the surface of steel rod with sulfuric acid, as a result of which the highest concentration excess in treated wastewater was observed for sulfate anion. About 100 tons of acid were passed through the pickling baths monthly.

In addition, in CVP No. 16, rinsing wastewater from technological units, equipment cooling, and storm sewage were generated. The total discharge from the industrial site of CVP No. 16 averaged 2400 m3/day.

Rinsing wastewater and spent pickling solutions flowed by gravity into the receiving chamber of acidic wastewater at the treatment plant, from which they were pumped to the ruff-mixer. Lime milk was also dosed there for neutralization. From the mixer, the neutralized water flowed through a gravity tray into the reaction chambers, where air was supplied and where the process of coagulation of pollutants in the waste water took place.

Further, water was supplied to the clarifier through a system of gravity flumes. From the clarifier, clean water was drained into a clarified water tank, from where it was pumped to the workshop for reuse. The sludge from the conical part of the clarifier was fed into the cards, from where it was periodically pumped out to the sludge trap by a pump. The clarified water from the sludge trap was discharged by gravity into the r. White.

Given today’s increased requirements for the quality of discharged effluents, there is a question of modernizing both the main process equipment of the shop and the wastewater treatment plant using the best available technologies. It was decided to develop a project for TsVP No. 16 to abandon acid pickling of scale from steel rod and switch to a new environmentally friendly technology that excludes a number of sources of wastewater pollution from the production process, which are formed during pickling and subsequent washing of wire rod with water. This, in turn, makes it possible to reduce the volume of industrial and storm sewage from the workshop from 2400 to 300 m3/day, and bring their qualitative composition in line with the requirements of environmental standards.

In addition, the introduction of acid-free technology (line for mechanical descaling) made it possible to eliminate harmful and dangerous production factors associated with acids, improve the working conditions of shop workers, and also eliminate the rejection of the workpiece (wire rod) during pickling.

From 2015 to March 2018 BMK implemented the project “Modernization of high-strength wire shop No. 16” in order to abandon the acid pickling of wire rod and switch to the best available production technologies.

The BMK Design and Engineering Department (PKO) completed a project that included the installation of new pumping stations to collect and pump all the company’s wastewater, including storm water, to a treatment station, as well as a new water intake station equipped with a modern fish protection device, as required by law today.

The site storm sewer has not been updated for many years and is no longer up to modern standards.

For a more efficient and organized collection of storm and industrial waters, the project developers proposed to strengthen the old system of “industrial drainage”, divided into three independent sections, with new modern equipment, and to reconstruct the existing catchment wells.

JSC “BMK” decided to reconstruct the treatment facilities as part of the environmental policy pursued by the enterprise. To solve a complex problem – cleaning wastewater from a metallurgical enterprise, a tender was organized among companies involved in the construction of treatment facilities. As an independent expert in evaluating the proposed technologies for wastewater treatment, the branch of the “TsLATI for the Republic of Belarus” of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “TsLATI for the Volga Federal District” was involved.

The most effective proposal for solving the task was provided by Enviro-Chemie GmbH, a German company that has been operating in the global wastewater treatment market for more than 40 years. In Russia, Enviro-Chemie GmbH has been implementing projects for 20 years, has a solid list of commissioned facilities for the treatment of wastewater of various degrees of pollution in all areas of industry.

BMK planned to send five streams of water to the treatment plant. The water of each of the flows from the production had a different degree of pollution and the total volume of wastewater entering the treatment was 300 m3/day. The presence of its own accredited laboratory is a competitive advantage of Enviro-Chemie GmbH, so the specialists had the opportunity to analyze wastewater in each of the streams. The main pollutants are metals: copper, zinc, nickel, iron. In order to achieve the water quality required for discharge into the fishery reservoir, it was decided to use a physico-chemical method of purification, since it is the most effective in removing this kind of pollution.

It was decided to place a new cleaning station measuring 12x8x6 m in the existing building of the neutralization station, having carried out the necessary reconstruction of the building itself for this. All construction and installation works related to the implementation of the project were carried out both by the services of the enterprise itself and by contractors, in the main part – Beloretsky Trading House OJSC. Installation supervision and commissioning were carried out directly by specialists from the German Enviro-Chemie GmbH.

The cleaning process is as follows. Initially, wastewater enters the equalizer, where it is mixed, and then fed into the oxidation reactor, into which sodium hypochlorite NaOCl is dosed to oxidize nitrites and ferrous iron. For an efficient oxidation process and maintaining the pH of the medium in the range from 4 to 5, h3SO4 is dosed into the reactor. The oxidation reaction is carried out automatically, dosing adjustment is carried out by measuring the Redox potential. Further, wastewater is sent to the second reactor, where the formation of insoluble metal hydroxides occurs. A reagent is added to the same reactor to improve the coagulation process. Then the water flows by gravity into the third reactor, where, in the process of dosing the flocculant, small flakes of sediment are collected into macroflocculi. A metal precipitator is also dosed into the same reactor to remove residual metal concentrations in order to achieve the required SSS. Solutions of coagulant, flocculant and metal precipitator are prepared and dosed on the Enviro Chemie Dosomat® unit operating in automatic mode. Waste water is fed to a shelf clarifier in order to effectively remove the resulting sludge. The sludge from the bottom of the shelf sump is fed into the sludge thickener, and from there it enters for dehydration in a chamber filter press.