Skin Cancer: What you need to know

Here we are, it’s 2014 and pretty much everyone knows that sun and tanning (natural or tanning beds) cause skin cancer. Likewise, most people know if you have a spot and it is changing, or you have a spot that will not heal, or you have a mole that looks funny it needs to be checked. But if you go to your dermatologist or your general doctor and all they do is check the spot YOU are concerned about they might be missing the spot that can really hurt you. Patients routinely come to see me about something they noticed on their skin which usually is something completely benign and harmless. Then when I ask them about the spot that IS suspicious, they have no knowledge of it. As a dermatologist, my friends, that is my job—To check you for the obvious and the not so obvious.

So does cancer really occur where the sun don’t shine? Let’s start from the top and work our way down to get an answer to this question. Unless you are bald, you can’t easily see your own scalp. Your hairdresser or barber can and their input could save your life. As we get older and our hair thins, more sun hits the noggin, and voila, more pre cancers and more risk of skin cancer. While non-melanoma skin cancers are typically rough or gritty and often raised and crusty and usually on exposed parts of your scalp, melanoma can be smooth to start and completely concealed by hair. So looking through your scalp could potentially save your life. At home, you could use a hairdryer set to cool and with dry hair, have someone examine your scalp. Compared to other areas of the body, melanomas on the scalp are usually more serious. Why? Because they go undetected for longer periods and early detection and removal is the key to a good prognosis. This is just one reason why we check scalps. Another reason is that internal cancers can spread to your skin and the scalp is a common place for this to happen. As a dermatologist, I want to know your general medical history because it provides a framework for your examination.

Speaking of hidden areas, another is the back of your ear. I diagnose and treat a good 20 or 30 cancers a year in this location alone. If your spot is relatively smooth and small, it can go unnoticed for long periods of time. Leave a cancer on your ear and it can invade close to the cartilage, putting you at risk of the cancer penetrating a nerve or blood vessel. Once that happens, the subsequent chance of the cancer spreading to a lymph node increases. If a cancer does spread to a lymph node you then face serious surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Similarly, the margin of your eyelid can also harbor a small skin cancer and should be checked. Trust me, you don’t want to have to have someone removing pieces of eyelid, so get checked!

What about your mouth? My mouth you ask? Yes, your mouth. Particularly in smokers or tobacco chewers there is the risk of oral squamous cell cancer. But oral cancer can also occur in the absence of tobacco exposure. Some people have oral HPV (human papilloma virus), the cause of warts. This too can increase one’s risk of oral cancer. This is a reason I look in everyone’s mouth even if they are surprised by my request. Eradicating a spot that is pre cancer inside your mouth could save your life!

Moving down. Let’s not forget the obvious. A lot of skin cancers DO show up where the sun shines, just in places where YOU can’t see them yourself. The most common place for melanoma in men is the back……and most guys don’t regularly look at their back. This is the reason why everyone who comes to my office is asked if I can check their back and the same reason we tell people to have their spouse or partner check for them. Another reason why we do skin checks is because many skin cancers, while showing up on visible sun exposed parts of your body, are subtle.

That barely noticeable slightly scaly small pink patch—the one that is more pink when you get out of the shower or maybe bleeds if rubbed by a towel is probably a superficial basal cell skin cancer. Yep, the one there on your upper arm, your shoulder, your shin. And speaking of skin and cancer, not all cancers on your skin come from your skin. A pink spot or hard area in the skin near or on the breast could be breast cancer, particularly if you have a history of breast cancer. Breast cancer can spread from the breast to the skin on or around the breast area.

Down we go. My buttock? I keep a bathing suit on doc, thank you very much! Well, you probably do, but did you know that people who have lots of moles, and particularly people who have lots of large moles often have them on the buttock? And just like one on their trunk can be precancerous, so too can one on the buttock. Same goes for the pubic area. This is a very common place that moles show up, even in people without a lot of moles, but particularly in those with a lot of moles. Granted, it’s not likely the sun that is the cause of these moles becoming cancer, it’s the fact that larger moles and more irregular looking moles have a greater chance of turning into cancer.

How about the groin? Certainly the sun doesn’t shine there, does it? Not usually. Even so, we see one form of cancer, called Bowen’s disease in the groin. This cancer is also called squamous cell carcinoma in situ. At least a few times a year I diagnose someone with it. In the groin, it is possible that this cancer could be from prior arsenic exposure (potentially from well water, or from living on a farm). On the penis or vulvar area this form of cancer typically is related to HPV (the human papilloma, or wart virus). In the groin, it could also be related to HPV. So, in addition to checking this area, it is why I always ask people do you have any pink flaky patches that won’t go away or pimples that won’t heal. Another cancer, even more serious, is called extramammary Paget’s disease and it too can show up around the groin, or the genitals, or the anal area. It is an indicator of an internal cancer that has spread to the skin. You certainly don’t want to be treating something that you think is fungus or yeast that isn’t getting better when in fact it’s an internal cancer manifesting in the skin.

Finally we are down to the bottom, the one you don’t sit on. Your foot. Moles can occur on the bottom of the foot or between the toes and sometimes these moles can turn cancerous, so looking between your toes and on the bottom of your foot is important and part of our complete skin check. In fact, in darker skinned races, the foot is one of the most common places for skin cancer to occur and when it does it is usually more serious. This is for the same reason that a melanoma on the scalp is more serious—it is usually not diagnosed quickly enough and time is of the essence. The longer it takes to diagnose and treat, the worse your prognosis.

The last point I’d like to make is that your complete skin check allows us a window to the inside of your body. This is much more than just looking for skin cancer. As your skin care specialist, your dermatologist is trained to connect a bruise like area near the eye to a serious blood related cancer called multiple myeloma; pink scaly patches on your hip to lymphoma; subtle swelling on your neck to a tumor in your chest; small bumps on the rim of your nose as the cause of your difficulty breathing; a rash on your fingers to possibly having ovarian cancer; thickened areas of skin on your shins to thyroid disease; hardening of the skin of your upper back to diabetes and many many more. So get a complete skin check. Your dermatologist might not only save you from an undiagnosed melanoma, he or she might discover an internal cancer and equally save your life.

Steve Wolfe
July 20, 2014

Bowen’s disease | Skin cancer

Bowen’s disease is a very early form of squamous cell skin cancer. It’s also called squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It’s a very slow growing cancer.  

Doctors call Bowen’s disease pre invasive. That means that there are cancer cells there, but they are only in the outermost layer of skin, the epidermis. Sometimes it can spread along the skin surface.

If left untreated, there is a small chance that Bowen’s disease can spread into the deeper layers of the skin. This means it has become an invasive cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. So because of this your doctor either treats or monitors the disease. 

Like squamous cell cancer of the skin, Bowen’s disease can grow anywhere. It is most common on the:

• head and neck 
• trunk
• arms
• legs

Risks and causes

In many cases of Bowen’s disease, we don’t know what has caused it. But it’s most often related to sun exposure or use of sunbeds over a long period of time. But as it can occur in areas of the body not normally exposed to the sun, this is not the only cause.

Other possible links include people who have a weak immune system. This could be because they have an illness affecting their immune system. For example, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Or they might be taking medicines to lower their immune system. For example, after having an organ transplant such as a liver or kidney transplant. 

One type of Bowen’s disease is called bowenoid papulosis. It’s associated with a type of virus called human papillomavirus (HPV) 16. This type of HPV is also associated with cervical cancer and cancer of the penis.

Another link is arsenic ingestion through drinking contaminated water. But this is not something that happens nowadays. 

Symptoms

Usually, Bowen’s disease appears as red scaly patches. Sometimes they look like raised spots or warts.  Often the affected skin looks red and sore.

Bowenoid papulosis usually occurs on the pubic or genital area in men and women. This appears as brown or dark brown patches. When Bowen’s disease is found in the vulval area (the outside parts of a woman’s genitals) or in the mouth, there can be white patches on the skin called leukoplakia. 

Another symptom of Bowen’s disease is itching. But often there are no symptoms apart from a patch on the skin. In some cases, the affected skin may become sore and bleed.

Treatment

There are several treatments for Bowen’s disease, such as:

• imiquimod cream
• chemotherapy creams which are put straight onto the affected skin
• freezing with liquid nitrogen
• surgery
• photodynamic therapy (PDT) – a special light and light sensitive drug are used to kill cancer cells
• radiotherapy
• laser

All these treatments can work well. The treatment you have will often depend on which part of your body is affected. Because there are many treatments, and because this is a very early type of skin cancer, the cure rates are high.

Skin Tags Ingrown Hairs Difference Vagina Bumps

One of the more intimate things I’ve ever done for myself was check out my vulva with a hand mirror in college. I’d just watched an episode of Sex and the City where the girls suggest Charlotte take a peek at hers after suffering from “a depressed vagina.” But when I peeked at mine, I didn’t see the signs of depression; I saw a UB — or, an unidentified bump. I WebMDed “weird bump on vagina” and immediately convinced myself I had about six different STIs.

After an emergency visit to my gynecologist, I learned two things: that the UB was, in fact, a skin tag, and that Google is the devil when it comes to self-diagnosis. It turns out that skin tags are actually quite common. “They’re frequently found in areas of rubbing and friction, the groin being one of them,” said Jeannette Graf, MD, assistant clinical professor of dermatology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. “They tend to be a soft polyp with the narrowest area being right where it emerges from the skin.” So, if your underwear is a little too tight, you could wind up with a skin tag along your bikini line.

But skin tags aren’t the only UBs you can get around your vulva. The area is also a breeding ground for ingrown hairs, moles, and cysts, Dr. Graf explains. “Other bumps tend to be more dome-shaped, with the widest area at the base of the skin,” she says. “These include ingrown hairs, moles, and cysts.” Ingrown hairs are typically red, inflamed, and associated with hair removal. Moles look similarly on the vulva as they do on the rest of the skin. And cysts tend to be round, flesh-toned, or nestled under the top layer of skin. While some lumps and bumps can be caused by friction or shaving, they can also be genetic. “Some families are prone to skin tags that can be present anywhere on the body,” Parker says.

It’s not a great idea to self-diagnose your bumps, says Erica Parker, celebrity aesthetician and director of education at Michael Todd Beauty. “Sometimes what looks to be a skin tag could be something more serious, or vice versa,” she says. “Your Ob/Gyn and dermatologist are trained to diagnose lumps and bumps. They can help you decipher what is going on and discuss the best ways to treat the condition.” Parker says that anything new that lasts more than two weeks warrants a doctor’s visit — so don’t let things stew for too long.

You also definitely shouldn’t try to remove things on your own — especially in a sensitive area like your vulva. But there are treatment options once you get to the doctor. “Skin tags can be removed either by snipping them at the base, or, if small enough, they can be cauterized by electricity transmitted through a small needle,” Dr. Graf says. If an ingrown hair doesn’t clear up on its own, she says that a doctor can inject it with some cortisone. Moles and cysts are best left alone, as they tend to be benign and the removal can do more harm than good. “Warts can be cut, frozen, or cauterized,” Dr. Graf says. But again — leave it to the professionals. Over-the-counter wart removers have no place near your vagina.

But the worst thing you can do, according to Parker, is pull a stunt like I did and Google the shit out of your symptoms. “Do not scour the internet trying to self-diagnose,” she says. “You are only going to freak yourself out.” You should also put the hand mirror down until you get a pro to diagnose you. Look too carefully, and the bump can look bigger than it actually is.

The most important thing to remember, though, is that most people with a vagina will get a weird bump around it every once in a while. And you should pat yourself on the back for paying attention to your bits. It’s important to be well-acquainted with yourself in order to keep a clean bill of sexual health. And until you get a firm answer, remember this: “Take a deep breath,” Parker says. “You’re going to be okay.” Oh, and if you are indeed suffering from a sad vagina? Nothing an orgasm a day can’t fix. Doctor’s orders.

Melanoma in Adults: Condition, Treatments, and Pictures – Overview

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Information for
Adults

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Images of Melanoma

Overview

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and it is the sixth most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Melanoma is the least common of the skin cancers (the other types are squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma), but it is the most serious. It can be life threatening if it spreads (metastasizes) to other parts of the body. The frequency of diagnosis of melanoma has been increasing in recent years, faster than any other cancer.

Melanoma starts in the color-producing cells of the skin and may develop in an existing mole or may occur as a new mole. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to a complete cure, while advanced forms are likely to have a poor outcome. Advanced melanoma can spread to lymph nodes as well as other areas in the body, typically the lungs, liver, and brain.

Who’s at risk?

You have an increased risk of developing melanoma if you have: 

• A family history of melanoma – Having someone in your family with melanoma increases your risk tenfold.
• Fair skin, light eyes, and a tendency to freckle – The risk of getting melanoma is 1 in 50 for whites, 1 in 200 for Hispanics, and 1 in 1,000 for people of African descent.
• A large number of moles, especially unusual appearing moles.
• History of frequent sun exposure, especially in childhood.
• History of sunburns.
• Decreased immune system, such as transplant patients and patients with HIV/AIDS.

Melanoma may be seen at any age, but it is most often diagnosed during middle age. 

Sunlamps and tanning beds may increase your risk of melanoma, especially if they cause sunburn.

Signs and Symptoms

Melanoma usually occurs on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun, but it may be found anywhere on the body, including the eye, mouth, and genital area.

• Men are most likely to develop melanoma on the head, neck, and trunk.
• Women are most likely to develop melanoma on the legs and arms.

A helpful tool to help you identify a mole that may be melanoma is the ABCDE checklist:

• A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not look like the other half.
• B – Border: The outline of the mole is irregular.
• C – Color: More than one color can be seen, such as brown, black, red, blue, and white.
• D – Diameter: A mole larger than 6 mm (1/4 inch), which is roughly the size of a pencil eraser.
• E – Evolving: Changes in the mole over time.

Self-Care Guidelines

Protective measures, such as avoiding skin exposure to sunlight during peak sun hours (10 AM to 3 PM), wearing protective clothing, and applying high-SPF sunscreen, are essential for reducing exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) light. These protective measures are especially important in children because 80% of our lifetime exposure to UV light occurs before age 18.

Once a month, you should perform a self-exam to look for signs of skin cancer. It is best to perform the exam in a well-lit area after a shower or bath. Use a full-length mirror with the added assistance of a hand mirror when necessary. Using a hair dryer can help you examine any areas of skin covered by hair, such as your scalp.

• In front of a full-length mirror, inspect the front of your body, making sure to look at the front of your neck, chest (including under breasts), legs, and genitals.
• With your arms raised, inspect both sides of your body, making sure to examine your underarms.
• With your elbows bent, examine the front and back of your arms as well as your elbows, hands, fingers, area between your fingers, and fingernails.
• Inspect the tops and bottoms of your feet, the area between your toes, and toenails.
• With your back to the mirror and holding a hand mirror, inspect the back of your body, including the back of your neck, shoulders, legs, and buttocks.
• Using a hand mirror, examine your scalp and face.

As you perform your monthly self-exam, familiarize yourself with the moles, freckles, and other marks on your body, and look for any changes in them, including shape, size, color, or other changes, such as bleeding or itching.

When to Seek Medical Care

Use the ABCDE checklist described above to help you decide which moles are concerning for melanoma. If you have a mole that you think fits one or more of these descriptions, call your doctor so he or she can thoroughly examine your skin.

Treatments Your Physician May Prescribe

If your doctor thinks that your mole is suspicious for melanoma, you will need a skin biopsy, usually performed by a dermatologist. The goal of the biopsy, also called an excision, is to remove the entire mole and to get a diagnosis. 

Prognosis and treatment depend on how deep the tumor has grown into the skin. If you have a melanoma that is very thin (less than 1 mm) and has been completely removed with the excision, this may be all the treatment you need. 

For thicker melanomas, your doctor will probably recommend a biopsy of your lymph nodes to determine if they contain melanoma cells. This is called a sentinel node biopsy. If these lymph nodes do have melanoma cells, you may need to have other lymph nodes surgically removed.

If you have lymph nodes that contain melanoma, your doctor will also need to determine if the melanoma has spread to other parts of your body. You may have to have a chest X-ray, a CT scan, an MRI, and/or other tests to determine this.

Treatment for melanoma that has spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body may include chemotherapy. For patients with melanoma that has metastasized, immunotherapy is another treatment that can help the body’s own immune system to destroy cancer cells. Types of immunotherapy include vaccines, cytokines (proteins that boost the immune system), and interferon-alpha.

If you have previously been diagnosed and treated for melanoma, you are at increased risk of developing another melanoma, especially in the first 3 years after diagnosis. Therefore, it is essential that you regularly follow up with your doctor to have a thorough skin examination.

Trusted Links

MedlinePlus: MelanomaClinical Information and Differential Diagnosis of Melanoma

References

American Cancer Society. Detailed Guide: Skin Cancer – Melanoma. http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/CRI_2_3x.asp?rnav=cridg&dt=39. Accessed on January 31, 2009.

Bolognia, Jean L., ed. Dermatology, pp.1789-1815. New York: Mosby, 2003.

Freedberg, Irwin M., ed. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 6^th ed, pp.917. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Ragel EL, Bridgeford EP, Ollila DW. Cutaneous melanoma: update on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(2):269-276. PMID: 16050450.

What melanoma looks like | A complete overview

How melanoma begins

Melanoma typically develops from a new or pre-existing mole. It can also start as an unusually pigmented growth or lesion and can occur anywhere on the body. The best way to spot any new or abnormal growth is to first understand what is normal for your skin. This means examining your body from head-to-toe, noting any blemishes or marks.

What is a normal mole?

Moles and blemishes are natural, and, usually, perfectly ordinary features of our bodies. Most adults will have anywhere from 10 to 40 moles on their bodies by the time they reach adulthood. The trick is knowing when a mole is safe and when a mole could mean skin cancer. A normal mole or blemish will be even in color, quite small and will have appeared during the early part of your life.

Most importantly, a normal mole will arrive and stay the same. It won’t change or evolve.

Abnormal moles

You should be concerned if your mole exhibits any of the following symptoms:

·  indistinct, uneven and/or blurry borders
·  is asymmetrical and strangely shaped
·  is multiple colors
·  is bigger than ¼ inch (about 6 mm) across
·  develops a crust, scab or starts to bleed
·  feels itchy or tender
·  swells or increases in size
·  feels firm or raised in the center

Example of a melanoma mole.

The ABCDE checklist:

Dermatologists identify melanoma symptoms using the ABCDE method. This method shows you which signs to look out for when examining suspicious moles, spots or growths on your skin.

• Asymmetrical – Melanomas are distinctly asymmetrical
• Border – melanomas have uneven borders
• Colours – melanomas will contain at least two distinct colours
• Diameter – melanomas are bigger than ¼ inch across
• Enlargement – melanomas grow in size over time

The evolution of your mole(s) has become the most important factor to consider when it comes to diagnosing a melanoma. Knowing what is normal for YOU could save your life. If a mole has gone through recent changes in color and/or size, bring it to the attention of a dermatologist immediately.

Read more: ABCDE Melanoma self check

The advanced stage melanoma symptoms

If you notice one or more of these symptoms, contact a doctor or dermatologist immediately. Here are some further photos to help you know what to look out for.

While melanoma typically begins as a mole or new growth, if it has advanced to the lymph nodes, organs or other areas of the body, the symptoms can manifest in more physical ways.

Some advanced stage symptoms of melanoma include:

·  hard or swollen lymph nodes (these are located throughout the body but large groupings are around the neck, armpits and groin regions).
·  hard lumps in your skin
·  shortness of breath, chest pain, noisy breathing or a cough that won’t go away
·  pain in your liver (located on the right side of your stomach)
·  achy bones
·  a headache that won’t go away
·  bowel issues and constipation
·  chronic fatigue

If you notice any of the above symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. While they may be signs of another illness, it’s important to get them checked out.

Example of melanoma on the head.

Other symptoms of melanoma

In the other instances when melanoma doesn’t develop from a mole, it may show up in places you would never think to look or in forms you would never expect. Familiarize yourself with these rarer forms of the disease so you can spot these warning signs, too.

Narrow dark streaks under the nails

Acral lentiginous melanoma will often form under the nails or toenails as a narrow, dark streak. It usually develops on the thumb or the big toe, but it can occur on any nail. This is more common in people with dark skin but can occur in all skin types. It can also sometimes appear on the palms or soles of the feet as a dark spot or patch.

A dark spot on the iris or vision problems

Ocular melanoma is a very rare form of melanoma that presents itself as a dark spot on the iris, a change in the shape of the pupil, poor or blurry vision or as the appearance of flashing lights or floating specks.

Sores that won’t heal in hidden areas

Mucosal melanoma can appear as sores that won’t heal in your mouth or nasal passages, or in other areas of the body that produce mucous such as the vagina and anus. If you notice any sores in these areas that won’t heal and cannot be explained by other causes, see your doctor and have them checked out.

In some cases, early symptoms of melanoma can also appear as:

·  a slow-developing plaque of skin that resembles a scar
·  a new patch or spot on your skin that looks like an age spot

Stay alert, contact your doctor

The best way to catch melanoma early is by paying attention to your body and noticing any changes or new additions. It can be overwhelming to try to remember all of the symptoms, that’s why if you think anything looks suspicious or just doesn’t feel quite right, it’s best to contact your doctor immediately for a diagnosis.

When to see a doctor

Genital Lumps – What Causes Bumps In The Pubic Area?

Genital lumps can be worrying, but whilst some are harmless, others are certainly a cause for concern.

Dr Aka, Consultant Gynaecologist here at The Gynae Centre explains: ‘It is quite normal to notice the sebaceous glands on the skin of the genitals. These secrete sebum into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair and are not cause for concern. They are small white/yellow bumps under the surface of the skin and are most commonly seen on the vulva, but are also seen in other areas of the body.’

It’s also common to get ingrown hairs due to certain hair removal methods. This happens when the hair starts to grow and curl in on itself under the skin instead of breaking through the skin. Ingrown hairs will usually look like a regular spot with a hair inside if you look closely. You can try gently exfoliating or using a hot washcloth to help. To prevent ingrown hairs it’s recommended that you replace your razor head regularly and have a few weeks without shaving to give your skin a rest. You can even change your hair removal method for a while.

If you have a genital lump, and you’re uncertain of the cause, it’s always best to get it seen to by your GP or gynaecologist.

Genital warts

Caused by the virus HPV, genital warts are spread through skin contact. They look similar to the surface of a cauliflower in appearance and frequently appear in patches. Genital warts are usually soft lumps, and are not normally painful, but they can itch, irritate and bleed. If you think you have genital warts it’s essential that you visit your GP or gynaecologist for sexual health screening and treatment, which is usually either a topical cream, or removal through minor surgery.

Varicose veins

Soft, blueish lumps on your genitals? Varicose veins, also known as vulvar varicosities, don’t only appear on the legs! They are particularly common in women who stand or sit for long periods of time. Exercise and sex can also trigger varicose veins.

Pregnancy is the largest risk factor for varicose veins the blood volume increases in the lower abdomen but due to the pressure from the baby, the blood flows back to the heart slower. Hormones can also mean the veins dilate more. Varicose veins occur when the valves cause the blood to pool.

‘Although most women don’t have any symptoms, some do experience pain, swelling, itching and bruising, but a cold compress can provide relief. Treatment isn’t usually required.’ explains Dr Aka.

Cysts and abscesses

Caused by blockages of the glands, cysts and abscesses can feel like lumps under the skin.

At the entrance of the vagina you’ll find the Bartholin’s glands. These are two pea-sized glands which keep the vagina lubricated. These can sometimes get blocked and infected, leading to a soft, painless lump just at the vaginal entrance. In most cases it won’t need any treatment. It occurs when the duct gets blocked and then a cyst filled with fluid appears. If the cyst gets infected it can turn into an abscess. Antibiotics are usually prescribed in the first instance but if it doesn’t improve we can drain it using a minor surgical procedure. It is quick and low risk, and in extreme cases, we can remove the glands using marsupialisation. This is a 15 minute procedure which can be done at the clinic and is performed as a day procedure.

We would advise that if you have a lump on your genitals you should get it assessed by GP or gynaecologist who will be able to advise and provide treatment if necessary. It’s always better to get checked out sooner rather than later.

Herpes

If you’ve got bumpy pustules that look a bit like blisters on your vulva you may have genital herpes. It’s incredibly common and is passed on through skin-to-skin contact like kissing, oral sex and penetrative sex. There isn’t a cure but you should attend a clinic so you can be prescribed antiviral treatment to help prevent its spread. This can also help reduce the symptoms as if the blisters pop they can be incredibly painful.

If you have any symptoms of STIs, or have had unprotected sex you should get a sexual health screen. We offer mini and full screenings depending on requirements.

Vulvar cancer

Vulvar cancer is more in older women and affects just over 1,000 women each year. 80% of cases are in women over 60 and smoking increases your risk. A genital bump is just one of many symptoms that could indicate vulvar cancer. Other symptoms include a burning or itching sensation, a mole that changes in appearance, pain and tenderness, swelling, sores, and raised or different coloured patches of skin. Vulvar cancer is rare, but if you’re experiencing any combination of these symptoms you should see a healthcare professional.

To book a consultation with one of our three experienced and knowledgeable Consultant Gynaecologists at The Gynae Centre, call us on 020 7580 8090, email [email protected] or book online.

Early Signs And Symptoms Of Genital Warts

Warts on other parts of the body – warts on your genitals and warts on the rest of your body (such as on your hands or feet) are similar but not exactly the same. Any types of wart will develop when the HPV (the human papillomavirus) infects the outer layer of your skin, causing rapid excess skin growth.

They aren’t usually transferable – the HPV virus spreads to other parts of your body, but they are most likely to develop where there is broken skin. Warts are spread between people via direct skin-to-skin contact. There are many different types of HPV – the types that cause common bodily warts are usually different to those that cause genital warts (types 6 and 11). However, if (for example) the wart on your hand has been caused by a type of HPV that can also cause genital warts (types 6 or 11), then there’s a chance that skin contact will cause genital warts. Common bodily and genital warts have not been associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. A small minority of types of HPV are associated with cervical cancer, but these don’t usually cause warts.

Not all blemishes are warts – there are all kinds of warts, lumps or pimples that you can get on your genitals. Finding one isn’t necessarily anything to worry about. However, it’s a good idea to get yourself checked out by a nurse or doctor if you’re ever unsure about what’s going on down there. Here’s a short overview of common types of mark or blemish you might find in your genital area, and how they compare:

Genital warts:

• Small, fleshy skin-coloured bumps, sometimes with a cauliflower-like surface
• Genital warts are caused by HPV types 6 and 11. They are very contagious, and spread via sexual contact. They are the most common STD in the world, but they aren’t dangerous
• There’s no cure for the HPV virus, but the warts can be treated with creams or liquid, surgery, or freezing. Sometimes the virus will go away on its own

Genital herpes:

• Red, painful and sometimes itchy blisters or sores
• Herpes sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus. The infection can be passed on during sex
• There’s no cure for herpes, but there are medicines you can take to prevent or reduce outbreaks of infection

Ingrown pubic hairs:

• Red, sore pimples around the follicles of your pubic hairs
• Ingrown hairs happen when hair regrowth goes wrong. It happens mainly to people who shave their pubic area
• Avoid shaving again for a while, and make an appointment with your GP if they get irritated or infected

Spots or pimples:

• Just like the white-heads you get on the rest of your body
• Spots on your genital area are perfectly common. Sometimes, pimples are hormonal and related to your menstrual cycle
• Avoid touching or picking them. Don’t shave or wax down there for a while, keep the area clean, and have plenty of warm baths

Skin tags:

• Like genital warts, skin tags are small, fleshy bumps. Unlike genital warts (which are raised bumps, lying flat on the surface of the skin), a skin tag grows outwards and is attached to your skin by a narrow stalk
• Skin tags are perfectly harmless pieces of extra skin, usually caused by friction
• There are several types of over-the-counter treatments available for managing skin tags, including tea tree oil

Moles:

• Moles are like warts or skin tags, but they are usually symmetrical and very well-defined. They should have a consistent colouring throughout
• Moles occur perfectly naturally across your body, including on and around your genitals. In rare cases, moles can become cancerous, so you should keep a close eye on how they look, and notify your GP about any changes
• There’s no need to treat a mole, unless it bothers you or it becomes cancerous. In these cases, moles can be removed easily with surgery

90,000 Diagnostics and treatment of skin melanoma at the EMC Institute of Oncology in Moscow

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, cells that produce melanins (proteins that protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation, giving it a bronze color when tanned). Melanoma is localized mainly in the skin, in more rare cases it can occur in the iris of the eye, mucous membranes and very rarely in internal organs.

Risk factors

• Ultraviolet damage to the skin.Sunburn during a lifetime significantly increases the risk of melanoma.

• Use of the solarium.

• Light skin phototype – light color of eyes and hair.

• A large number of moles.

• More than 5 atypical moles.

• Personal or family history of skin cancer.

Clinically, there are 4 main types of melanomas:

Superficial melanoma – one of the most common types of melanomas, about 70% of newly diagnosed cases of melanoma.When detected early, it has a generally favorable prognosis compared to other types.

Nodular melanoma – it has a less favorable prognosis, it grows faster and more often metastasizes. In the structure of morbidity it takes the second place – about 15% of all cases of melanomas detected.

Acrolentic melanoma is a slowly growing melanoma that most often affects the palms, soles, and nail beds. About 10% of all melanomas.

Lentigious melanoma – malignant variant of lentigo (describe what lentigo is), affects most often the elderly, usually localized in the face, in areas most strongly exposed to insolation (sun exposure).It grows very slowly. The prognosis is generally favorable, about 5% of all cases of melanomas.

And the most rare and aggressive melanoma – pigmented, is very rare, rapidly metastasized, responds poorly to therapy, the prognosis is extremely poor, the average life expectancy in patients with non-pigmented melanoma is 1-2 months.

In general, melanoma is characterized by a rather aggressive course, early metastasis, and frequent recurrence. At the same time, it is quite simple to suspect melanoma in the early stages in many cases, you just need to know how it manifests itself.

Self-diagnosis

Around the world, the ABCDE -system is widely used, which allows you to suspect the presence of melanoma by analyzing some parameters in a suspicious nevus (birthmark). The Melanoma Institute of Australia, the leading region in the world in the incidence of melanoma, has developed a special curriculum for the prevention of skin melanoma for high school students, the program also includes the study of the ABCDE system, which emphasizes the importance of the method in the diagnosis and self-diagnosis of skin melanoma.

ABCDE is an abbreviation in which 5 parameters are encrypted that we must analyze:

A – assymetry , asymmetry. Mentally divide the mole with an imaginary line exactly in the middle, if the left and right halves are identical, everything is normal.

B – borders , borders. A benign nevus has clear margins and is clearly demarcated from the surrounding skin.In melanoma, on the contrary, they are blurred and can, as it were, “grow” into the surrounding skin.

C – color , color. Most often, benign moles are of the same color or shade, light or dark. In melanoma, there may be blotches of blue, red, yellow and even green colors that differ sharply from the main color of the mole.

D – diameter , dia. Studies show that most often, a benign nevus is less than 6 mm in size, which is approximately the size of a round eraser at the end of a pencil.

E – evolution , development. Any changes occurring in the nevus: changes in size, color, the appearance of satellites (small formations similar in structure to the nevus, appearing around it), the appearance of clinical symptoms – itching, bleeding, tingling, etc., all these conditions are suspicious of the degeneration of a benign nevus in melanoma.

With this knowledge, it is important to remember that the final diagnosis can only be made by an experienced oncologist on the basis of a pathomorphological examination of the tumor and a full examination in a specialized center.

Diagnosis of melanoma

The key stage in the diagnosis of melanoma is pathomorphological examination. To obtain material, the tumor must be removed, assuming in advance that it may be melanoma, therefore, the excision must be performed wide, with the capture of the surrounding healthy tissue. Subsequently, the material is sent to the EMC Histological Laboratory , where leading Russian pathomorphologists will be able to quickly and accurately diagnose.If necessary, to obtain a “second opinion”, the material can be sent to colleagues from Western Europe and the United States, this service is already included in the cost of the study and is not additionally paid.

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies allow not only to determine the diagnosis, but also make it possible to find out the depth of the skin lesion, and the presence of certain mutations in the tumor, which will have a key influence on the choice of treatment tactics for the patient.

The second important stage of diagnostics is instrumental and laboratory studies, which are needed to search for distant metastases in the body and make the final diagnosis and determine the stage.

According to European and American algorithms, the survey includes:

• CT scan of the chest, abdomen, pelvic organs with intravenous contrast, or a more advanced examination method – PET / CT of the whole body, available at the EMC Institute of Oncology. PET / CT is a modern and accurate examination method that allows you to “scan” the entire body of the patient at one time and reveal even the smallest changes that may not be visible on CT.

• MRI of the brain with contrast

If there are specific complaints, additional instrumental and laboratory studies may be required.

Staging

Setting the stage of melanoma directly depends on the depth of the tumor lesion on the skin and the presence of metastases. The purpose of all diagnostic measures is to determine the stage, the plan for further treatment will depend on this.

Stage 0 – melanoma in situ , the tumor does not extend beyond the epidermis.

Stage I – tumor no more than 2 mm thick, no signs of ulceration.

Stage II – a tumor 1-2 mm thick with signs of ulceration, or a tumor of more than 2 mm.

Stage III – the tumor affects the adjacent lymphatic vessels, nodes and / or the skin around itself (appearance of satellites).

Stage IV – the tumor affects distant parts of the body: liver, lungs, brain, etc.d.

Melanoma treatment

Surgical treatment of melanoma

The choice of treatment tactics for skin melanoma directly depends on the stage of the disease. When the tumor is localized only in the area of ​​the primary lesion (on the skin), when there are no satellites and distant metastases ( stage 0, I , II ) surgical methods of treatment are used – wide excision + biopsy of the sentinel lymph node with subsequent pathomorphological examination.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy – removal of the topographically closest lymph node to the primary lesion, it is to it that tumor cells will first rush to metastasize, and if there are no melanoma cells in the node, then the tumor has not begun to spread throughout the body, which gives a better prognosis for the patient.

In patients with melanoma that has spread locally, with changes in the surrounding skin (presence of satellites), with affected regional lymph nodes and vessels – stage III – surgical treatment is supplemented by systemic therapy (immunotherapy or chemotherapy).In patients with advanced melanoma – metastases in distant areas of the body – systemic therapy is the basis of treatment. The decision on surgical intervention is made in each case individually, depending on the possibility of performing the operation – the patient’s condition and resectability of metastases.

Radiation therapy for melanoma

Radiation therapy is a method of treating melanoma in which high-energy radiation is used to destroy tumor cells.In the treatment of melanoma, radiation therapy is usually used for palliative purposes or as a method of treating metastases in the brain, with limited surgical options, most often for the treatment of patients with stage III and IV melanoma.

Melanoma immunotherapy

The immune system is a system of organs, tissues and special cells of the body, the main task of which is to search for and destroy foreign agents, pathogens, viruses, parasites and also tumor cells. Immunotherapy in Oncology is a variant of systemic drug therapy aimed at activating one’s own immune system to fight the tumor. This happens due to either strengthening the immune system as a whole, or due to the “training” of immune cells for a better specific response specifically against tumor cells.
This type of therapy today is one of the most modern and rapidly developing; immunotherapy is becoming an increasingly important part of anticancer treatment.The development is due to the high efficiency of such drugs, as well as a smaller number of side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. In Institute of Oncology EMC , the newest and highest quality drugs are available for immunotherapy, treatment in the clinic is carried out according to the latest European and American protocols.

Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor that actively fights against the body’s immune system, its cells secrete special substances that allow it to either escape from the body’s immune cells, or through them stimulate their own growth and development.

There are several key approaches in melanoma immunotherapy:

• Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors

• Cytokine use

• Use of targeted therapy

Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors

An important ability of the immune system is the ability to distinguish normal healthy cells of the body from tumor cells; this also happens due to the checkpoints of the immune response – special molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes (cells of the immune system) that must be activated or inactivated for the onset of the immune answer.In the treatment of melanoma, blockers of the PD-1 molecule are used: pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Oppo). The effectiveness of these drugs has been proven by many clinical studies; in case of localized melanoma, more than 50% of patients receiving these drugs survived for 10 years. The second group of drugs in the group of immune switch inhibitors are CTLA-4 blockers, a molecule that acts similar to PD-1, which also allows tumor cells to escape the body’s immune response. The main drug in the CTLA-4 blocker group is ipilimumab (Yervoy), a substance that has also been shown to be effective in numerous clinical studies.

Cytokine use

Cytokines are chemicals that are synthesized by some cells of the immune system. Cytokines play a key role in regulating the growth and activity of immune cells. For the treatment of melanoma, two main groups of cytokines are used – interleukins and interferons.

Interleukins are a group of cytokines that transmit signals between immune cells in the body.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) helps the cells of the immune system grow and divide much faster.The drug has been shown to be effective in the treatment of kidney cancer and metastatic melanoma. IL-2 can be used both as monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic drugs. Interferons are chemicals that help the body fight viral infections and tumor cells. There are three types of interferons: alpha, beta, and gamma. For the treatment of cancer, only interferon-alpha is used. It stimulates the activity of immune cells and allows them to more effectively fight tumor cells, slowing their growth and destroying them.

Using targeted therapy

Therapy with monoclonal antibodies (targeted therapy, biotherapy) is a variant of systemic therapy for oncological diseases, in which specially grown monoclonal antibodies (special proteins secreted by immune cells) are used, which are tropic to tumor cells. Such therapy is not suitable in every case, first you need to find out the histo-genetic portrait of the tumor using an immunohistochemical study, which will make it possible to understand whether there are mutations in the tumor under study that will allow the use of targeted drugs or not.When choosing tactics for the treatment of melanoma, it is necessary to assess the presence of BRAF, C-kit and MEK mutations, each of them has its own drugs:

BRAF – vemurafenib (zelboraf), dabrafenib (tafinlar), trametinib (mekinist), cobimetinib (cotellic) – the latter two are also active in the presence of the MEK
mutation
C-kit – imatinib (gleevec)

The PD-1 blockers described above also belong to the targeted therapy group. The advantage of monoclonal antibodies in comparison with classical chemotherapy in fewer side effects is achieved due to the selectivity of their action exclusively on tumor cells and, to a much lesser extent, on other cells of the body.

Chemotherapy

Classical chemotherapy can also be used in the treatment of melanomas. This usually occurs in cases where immunotherapy has been ineffective, or if undesirable side reactions have developed against the background of its use, which threaten the patient’s life. Chemotherapy used in the treatment of melanoma:

and combinations thereof.

Follow-up

The frequency and methods of control examinations depend on the stage of the disease and the treatment carried out.Patients with diseases in the early stages (0, I, IIA) are shown an annual complete examination of the skin, regular self-examination of the skin and lymph nodes. Imaging techniques (CT, MRI, PET / CT, ultrasound, etc.) are indicated for specific symptoms.

Patients with IIB – IV stages of the disease, control examinations are shown every 3-6 months for 2 years after treatment, then every 3-12 months for 3 years, and then every year throughout life, regular ultrasound examinations of the lymph nodes …The survey includes:

• thorough examination of the skin and assessment of the condition of the lymph nodes

• CT scan of the chest, abdomen, pelvic organs with intravenous contrast, or PET / CT of the whole body

• CT or MRI of the brain with iv contrasting

RaceMenu Overlay Compilation – Cosmetic Mods – TES V: Skyrim LE – Mods for Skyrim, Skyrim SE, Fallout 4, Fallout 76

Author: TheOniNinja
Version: 1.1
Language: not required

Description:
With this mod you can expand the possibilities of creating your heroine, or rather, this mod adds the ability to apply on the body of your heroine various options for freckles and moles on all parts of the body, lines from tanning and a wide range of variations of “haircuts” of pubic hair. This mod works only through the well-known “RaceMenu” mod and is a kind of extension for the “RaceMenu” mod and character creation and all this without the need to modify the basic body textures, that is, if your heroine has any skin textures from various mods, then textures will not be replaced, the skin will remain as is, and freckles, tan or pubic hair will simply be superimposed on top of the skin textures, thereby each player will be able to create a unique look for their heroine.

Update: 1.1
– Added option for CBBE bodies
– Updated tan lines (Kraken973 – Tanline Bikini, Kraken973 – Tanline Bikini Top, Kraken973 – Tanline Bikini Bottom)
– Changed the names of the esp executables. files and file structure of the mod itself (you will have to delete everything, read the description of deletion below)
– If you use 2 variants of CBBE and UNP bodies in the game, then you can install both mod variants for CBBE and UNP at the same time
– It should also be noted that after updating the mod from the previous version, your character will probably turn purple, this is because the author changed the directory of texture files in the mod itself and also changed esp.files to distinguish between the two versions CBBE and UNP. To fix the magenta body color, simply go to the character customization menu and reset all applied overlays to update the textures and select the overlay options you want again to apply the changes

Read more:
– This mod for bodies CBBE and UNP
– All variations of freckles, moles, tan lines and pubic hairs work only through the installed RaceMenu mod, on versions above 2.1.5 the mod may not work, I have not tested it.
– All variations of freckles, moles, tan lines and pubic hair are “false” and do not affect the change in skin texture, which means that everything will lie on top of skin textures

Which parts of the body are involved:
– Freckles all over the body
– Moles – on the legs, feet, ankles, thighs, arms, shoulders, back, neck, face, butt, pubis, perineum of the vagina
– Tan lines – on the chest, bikini area, back, abdomen
– Pubic hair – about 20 variations (see screenshot, not all the options in the screenshot are in fashion)

Category “Body Tattoos” in RaceMenu

These options for freckles:
Rost3 – NeckFreckles – freckles all over the neck
Rost3 – BodyFreckles – freckles all over the body

These options for pubic hair: (designations correspond to the designations on the screenshot)
SvarogNL – Large Triangle
SvarogNL – Large Triangle

SvarogNL – Square
SvarogNL – Landing Strip
SvarogNL – Landing Strip Dark
SvarogNL – Landing Strip Thin
SvarogNL – Landing Strip Wide
SvarogNL – Pin-Stripe
SvarogNL – Pin-Stripe ShortL – Top Knot
SvarogNvar Knot Top Small
SvarogNL – Muff
SvarogNL – Muff Fuller
SvarogNL – The Short Cut
SvarogNL – Hares Tail
SvarogNL – Heart
SvarogNL – Leaf
SvarogNL – Lightning Bolt
SvarogNL – Narrow Arrow
SvarogNL – Moles
SvarogNL – Moles Less
SvarogNL – Moles More
SvarogNL – Moles Even Less 9 0004 SvarogNL – Moles Even More
SvarogNL – Moles Special Iveta B
SvarogNL – Moles Special Katya P
SvarogNL – Vagina Mole Right (vagina is a mole in the crotch area)
SvarogNL – Vagina Mole Left
SvarogNL Special3 – Vagina Kristal2 With the prefix Tanline it is a tan:
Kraken973 – Tanline Swimsuit B
Kraken973 – Tanline Swimsuit A
Kraken973 – Tanline Swimsuit Sporty
Kraken973 – Tanline Bikini
Kraken973 – Tanline Bikini Top
Kraken973 – Tanline Bikini Top
Kraken973 –

Bottom

–

Bottom :
1.Install the RaceMenu mod
2. Install this mod “Fake freckles, tan, intimate haircuts”
3. In the game in the console, type showracemenu and the character creation menu will open
4. At the top of the window, go to the category “Body tattoos” or “Hand tattoos” or “Leg tattoo”
5. Below you will see the options “Default” and new options from this mod
6. Without clicking the “Default” items at the bottom of the window, select “T-select texture” and press, a window with a choice of different variations will open freckles, sunburn and hair
7.Select the appropriate option and activate so that the freckles, sunburn or hair is fixed on the body and exit the “Tab” menu
8. All variations can be combined with different options by overlaying each other
9. All names of freckles, sunburn or hair in English, so there is no point in translating the abbreviation, in the window when overlapping everything will be displayed

Note:
– If you use 2 variants of CBBE and UNP bodies in the game, then you can install both mod variants for CBBE and UNP at the same time

Requirements:
– Game version 1.9.32.0.8 and up
– SKSE
– RaceMenu 2.1.5 and up
– UNP or UNPB body replayer or
– CBBE body replayer

When upgrading from v1.0 to v1.1:
– Since the author has changed the structure of files and texture paths, then after the update your body will turn purple, so that this does not happen, it is best to remove from the character all applied overlays of freckles, moles, tan lines, igtim haircuts from the character before updating the mod, save the changes and exit the game
1. Make sure to delete the RaceMenuOverlayCompilation.esp to Skyrim / Data
2. Make sure to delete the OniRaceMenuUNPScript.pex file at Skyrim / Data / Scripts
3. Make sure to delete the OniRaceMenuUNPScript.psc file at Skyrim / Data / Scripts / Source
4. Make sure to delete the entire “Overlays” folder at Skyrim / Data / textures / actors / character / character assets / Overlays or delete all files from the “Overlays” folder focusing on the files in the archive of the previous version 1-0 (description of which files to delete in a text document in the archive, there are many files)
5.Be sure to delete the NeckFreckles.dds file at Skyrim / Data / textures / actors / character / character assets / tintmasks
6. Install the new version of the mod 1-1 and confirm the merging of folders and files

Installation:
There are 2 folders in the archive, “For CBBE bodies” and “For UNP bodies”, select the desired option or both at once for those who use two bodies in the game CBBE and UNP
Place the Data folder in the game folder (not Data in Data), confirm the merging of folders and files and activate in the launcher

90,000 Clinics and centers of dermatology, m.Black River, Saint Petersburg

Desir at Kolomyazhsky

76 reviews

multidisciplinary clinic

Primary cost of admission – high

St. Petersburg, st. Kolomyazhsky prospect, 20, lit. A, pom. 74-N

mon-fri
10:00 – 20:00
Sat
10:00 – 18:00
sun
10:00 – 18:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

Medical On Group Karpovka

541 reviews

multidisciplinary medical center

Primary cost of admission – high

The Medical On Group clinic on the Karpovka River Embankment is one of the branches of a large international network of multi-profile medical centers.

St. Petersburg, st. Embankment of the Karpovka River, 20

mon-fri
08:00 – 21:00
Sat
09:00 – 21:00
sun
10:00 – 19:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

ArsVita

48 reviews

multidisciplinary medical center

Primary cost of admission – high

Clinic ArsVita na Muzhestva is the first branch of the network located in the north of the city and providing a wide range of outpatient, diagnostic and treatment services for adults and children.

St. Petersburg, st. avenue Toreza, 44, bldg. 2

mon-fri
08:00 – 20:00
Fri
08:00 – 21:00
Sat
09:00 – 21:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

Medinef

623 reviews

multidisciplinary medical center

Primary cost of admission – average

The multidisciplinary medical center “Medinef” is located in St. Petersburg near the metro station “Ploschad Lenina”.

St. Petersburg, st. Botkinskaya, 15, bldg. 1

mon-fri
08:00 – 20:00
Sat
09:00 – 18:00
sun
09:00 – 17:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

Desir in Civil

15 reviews

multidisciplinary clinic

Primary cost of admission – high

Desir on Grazhdanskiy is a branch of the Desir network of multidisciplinary clinics represented in different districts of St. Petersburg.

St. Petersburg, st. Grazhdansky prospect, 107, bldg. 4

mon-fri
10:00 – 20:00
Sat
10:00 – 18:00
sun
10:00 – 18:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

Clinic of Dr. Sonin

17 reviews

multidisciplinary medical center

Primary cost of admission – high

Clinic of Doctor Sonin Heart affairs is a multidisciplinary medical center for adults and children, the main areas of work: cardiology, gynecology, urology, therapy, ultrasound for adults and children, gastroenterology, neurology, psychotherapy, dermatovenerology.

St. Petersburg, st. Deaf Zelenina, 6, lit. A

mon-fri
09:00 – 21:00
Sat
09:00 – 21:00
sun
09:00 – 21:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

BALT MED Ozerki (Baltmed)

272 reviews

multidisciplinary medical center

Primary cost of admission – average

Multidisciplinary medical clinic “Baltmed” Comprehensive examination, diagnosis, and treatment for the whole family.

St. Petersburg, st. Vyborg Highway, 40

mon-fri
00:00 – 24:00
Sat
00:00 – 24:00
sun
00:00 – 24:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

Medall (Medall) on Levashovsky pr.

0 reviews

multidisciplinary clinic

Primary cost of admission – high

Multidisciplinary medical center.Provides consultative and diagnostic appointments for adults.

St. Petersburg, st. Levashovsky Ave., 24

mon-fri
09:00 – 21:00
Sat
09:00 – 21:00
sun
09:00 – 21:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

Euromed Kids (Children’s Euromed) on Nikitinskaya

183 reviews

multidisciplinary medical center

Primary cost of admission – low

The Euromed group of companies has two multidisciplinary pediatric clinics, each of which employs all the necessary specialists, including pediatric dentists, as well as its own laboratories.

St. Petersburg, st. 1st Nikitinskaya, 30, lit. A

mon-fri
08:30 – 22:00
Sat
08:30 – 22:00
sun
08:30 – 22:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

First family clinic network

2205 reviews

multidisciplinary medical center

Primary cost of admission – average

The First Family Clinic of St. Petersburg is a network of medical institutions located in the Petrogradskiy and Primorskiy districts of the city.

St. Petersburg, st. Kamennoostrovsky prospect, 16

mon-fri
08:00 – 22:00
Sat
08:00 – 22:00
sun
08:00 – 22:00

8 (812) 409-42-51

90,000 Nanoperforation – laser facial rejuvenation, prices in the network of clinics Linline

What is laser nanoperforation?

Nanoperforation is a real laser facial skin rejuvenation without surgery.The procedure completely remodels the skin, erasing wrinkles and unevenness. The skin is renewed, it becomes more youthful and toned. Find out more about the new revolutionary method of rejuvenation!

Advantages of nanoperforation

Safe, efficient, comfortable. The skin is not heated or damaged. There is no pain or other discomfort. In this case, the effect is achieved after the first procedure. Immediately after the session, you can lead your usual lifestyle. There are no restrictions.

The secret of nanoperforation

Tens of thousands of microbeams, each of which is smaller in diameter than a human cell, instantly evaporate small areas of the epidermis.At first glance, this effect is very superficial, because evaporation occurs to a depth of no more than one tenth of the thickness of the epidermis – that is, we can say that the skin is not damaged and its protective function is not reduced.

At the same time, each of these beams is incredibly powerful and upon evaporation a real “microexplosion” is formed. Mechanical waves caused by such a “microexplosion” rush into the depths of the skin. Where the fronts of two or more waves collide with each other, microtrauma of the dermis cells occurs – up to 3 millimeters in depth.

Our body, in response to exposure, triggers the mechanism of accelerated skin regeneration. At the same time, the skin is restored in the image and likeness stored in our DNA – without traces of age-related changes and external damage. In addition, the scar tissue is replaced with normal tissue, and normal skin pigmentation is restored.

Elena Malysheva – TV presenter of the Health program, Channel 1: Magic laser radiation erases all wrinkles and irregularities. The very next day you see how the skin is renewed and rejuvenated “.

What does the skin look like immediately after the nanoperforation procedure?

Immediately after the procedure, the skin turns red. The next day, the old skin begins to peel off. The use of a special cream allows you to significantly speed up the peeling process and relieve discomfort.

What happens inside the skin?

Under the influence of the laser, the skin begins to actively produce collagen and elastin. Old skin is completely replaced with new one, without wrinkles and irregularities.

What is nanoperforation used for?

• rejuvenation;
• skin tightening;
• narrowing of enlarged pores;
• stretch marks treatment;
• removal of scars, including post-acne.

View before and after photos

On which parts of the body is nanoperforation applied?

Nanoperforation is suitable for all areas of the face and body. It can even be applied on the delicate skin around the eyes, on the hands and in the décolleté area.

When is the result visible?

The result is noticeable after the first procedure. The skin is tightened, firm and toned. Small and large wrinkles are smoothed out. The maximum effect is achieved after a course of procedures recommended by our specialists.

Reviewed by Experts

Clinical studies of a new method of laser facial skin rejuvenation were conducted by Mario A. Trelles – President of the European Society for Laser Aesthetic Surgery (ESLAS), European Laser Association (ELA), Doctor of Medical Sciences, plastic and reconstructive surgeon, one of the most respected specialists in laser medicine worldwide:

“ I have personally conducted research and I know that nanoperforation encourages the body not only to regenerate, but also to completely remodel the skin “.

Test procedure – free of charge!

Test nano-perforation on a small area of ​​skin for free and see – it works!

Beware of Counterfeits!

Nanoperforation is a unique laser rejuvenation technique. Its modes are patented and it can be performed only on devices of the LINLINE company.

Guaranteed result

When concluding a contract for the nanoperforation procedure, a money back guarantee is issued in case of failure to achieve a positive result.

Frequently Asked Questions:

What type of skin is it suitable for?
Nano-perforation is suitable for all skin types. Including for dark and very tanned.

Are there any contraindications?
No specific contraindications. It is not recommended to carry out the procedure during pregnancy and at high temperatures.

Do you need any preparation for the procedure?
No special training required. It is not recommended to use cosmetics and creams 24 hours before the procedure.

Are there restrictions after the procedure?
Immediately after the procedure, you can lead your normal life. Even swim and sunbathe. There are no restrictions.

Is it possible to have procedures in the summer?
The procedure can be done all year round regardless of solar activity.

Why choose LINLINE for laser skin rejuvenation?

Prices

Reviews

Anastasia (St. Petersburg) writes:

Thank you very much for your professionalism and customer care!) Linline is perhaps the best clinic! In the clinic, I did 4 nanoperforations alternately with mesotherapy to remove acne scars, and I am not overjoyed at the result, I finally fell in love with my skin!))) A friend advised me to LINLINE, and now I can confidently recommend this clinic to you.

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Test procedure

Laser procedures in LINLINE are painless, effective and safe for the skin. See for yourself on the test procedure.

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