What are the potential long-term effects of mononucleosis. How can mono lead to complications in some individuals. What rare complications are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Who is at higher risk for developing post-mono complications.

Understanding Mononucleosis and Its Typical Course

Mononucleosis, commonly known as “mono,” is an infectious disease primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While most people recover from mono within a few weeks, some individuals may experience longer-lasting effects or complications.

For the majority of teens and adults who contract mono, the typical symptoms include:

• Extreme exhaustion
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat

These symptoms usually subside after two to four weeks. However, lingering fatigue may persist for up to two months after the initial symptoms disappear. It’s important to note that most individuals do not experience long-term effects beyond this recovery period.

The Epstein-Barr Virus: A Lifelong Companion

EBV, the primary culprit behind mono, belongs to the herpesvirus family. Once a person is infected with EBV, the virus remains in the body for life. In most cases, it remains dormant after causing the initial mono infection. However, in some instances, the virus can be reactivated, leading to potential complications.

Who is most susceptible to EBV reactivation? Individuals with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable. In these cases, mono symptoms may recur for weeks, months, or even years after the initial illness.

Rare but Serious Complications of Mononucleosis

While uncommon, mono can lead to several serious complications. These include:

1. Anemia: A condition characterized by a lower than normal red blood cell count.
2. Thrombocytopenia: A low level of blood platelets, which are crucial for blood clotting.
3. Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle.
4. Nervous system problems: These can include meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Bell’s palsy, and seizures.
5. Swollen testicles
6. Certain cancers: Including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
7. Multiple sclerosis: Some research suggests a potential link between EBV infection and the development of MS.
8. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease: Lymphomas that can occur after organ or bone marrow transplants.

The Link Between EBV and Multiple Sclerosis

Research has indicated a potential connection between infectious diseases like mono and autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, nearly all individuals with MS have been infected with EBV at some point in their lives.

What are researchers doing to explore this connection? Medical professionals are currently investigating the association between EBV and MS. Additionally, efforts are underway to develop an EBV vaccine, which could potentially protect against both mono and MS.

Identifying High-Risk Individuals for Post-Mono Complications

Certain groups of people are more likely to develop complications following a mono infection. These include:

• Individuals with impaired immune systems
• People with serious illnesses that weaken the immune system (e.g., HIV/AIDS)
• Those taking immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., organ transplant recipients)
• Certain populations in Asia and Central America (who have an increased risk of EBV-related cancers)

While the exact reasons for these increased risks are not fully understood, researchers are exploring various theories. One hypothesis suggests that environmental factors may play a role in the elevated cancer risk observed in certain Asian and Central American populations.

The Role of Genetics in Mono Susceptibility and Complications

Is there a genetic component to mono susceptibility and complications? Some evidence suggests that genetics may influence who is more likely to develop mono after EBV infection. However, the potential genetic factors behind mono complications require further research.

Scientists are particularly interested in the connection between EBV and certain types of lymphoma. By studying this link, researchers hope to gain insights into what makes some individuals more susceptible to EBV-related complications.

Recognizing Recurrent Mono Symptoms

If you’ve had mono in the past and are experiencing similar symptoms again, it’s crucial to consult your doctor. These recurring symptoms could be due to:

• A recurrence of mono
• Complications related to EBV
• Other health issues with similar symptoms (e.g., toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus infections, strep throat, or HIV)

A proper medical evaluation is essential to determine the cause of your symptoms and receive appropriate treatment.

Understanding the Long-Term Impact of Mono

While most people recover from mono without long-lasting effects, it’s important to be aware of the potential complications that can arise in some cases. By understanding the risks and recognizing the signs of recurrent or persistent symptoms, individuals can seek timely medical attention and manage their health more effectively.

As research into EBV and its long-term effects continues, medical professionals hope to develop better prevention and treatment strategies for mono and its associated complications. This ongoing work may lead to improved outcomes for those affected by this common but sometimes complex viral infection.

Emerging Research on EBV and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

In recent years, researchers have been exploring the potential link between EBV infection and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). While the exact cause of CFS/ME remains unknown, some studies suggest that EBV may play a role in its development or exacerbation.

What evidence supports this connection? Some key findings include:

• A higher prevalence of EBV reactivation in CFS/ME patients compared to healthy controls
• Similarities between some symptoms of mono and CFS/ME, such as prolonged fatigue and cognitive difficulties
• Reports of CFS/ME-like symptoms developing in some individuals following acute EBV infection

However, it’s important to note that not all individuals with CFS/ME have a history of EBV infection, and the majority of people who contract EBV do not develop CFS/ME. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between these two conditions and determine if EBV plays a causal role in some cases of CFS/ME.

Challenges in Diagnosing EBV-Related Complications

Diagnosing EBV-related complications can be challenging for healthcare providers due to several factors:

1. The widespread nature of EBV infection in the general population
2. The similarity of symptoms to other conditions
3. The potential for EBV reactivation to occur long after the initial infection
4. Variations in individual immune responses to the virus

These challenges underscore the importance of comprehensive medical evaluations and, in some cases, specialized testing to accurately diagnose and treat EBV-related complications.

Preventive Measures and Future Directions in EBV Research

While there is currently no vaccine available to prevent EBV infection, researchers are actively working on developing one. The potential benefits of an EBV vaccine extend beyond preventing mono and could include:

• Reducing the risk of EBV-associated cancers
• Potentially lowering the incidence of multiple sclerosis
• Preventing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders in organ transplant recipients

In addition to vaccine development, ongoing research is focusing on:

1. Improving diagnostic tools for EBV-related complications
2. Developing targeted therapies for persistent EBV infections
3. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors that influence EBV-related disease risk
4. Exploring the potential role of EBV in other chronic conditions

As our understanding of EBV and its long-term effects continues to grow, it is likely that new prevention strategies and treatment options will emerge, offering hope for those affected by mono and its complications.

The Importance of Long-Term Follow-Up for Mono Patients

Given the potential for long-term complications associated with EBV infection, it is crucial for individuals who have had mono to maintain regular check-ups with their healthcare providers. This ongoing monitoring can help detect any developing issues early and ensure prompt intervention if needed.

What should patients and healthcare providers focus on during long-term follow-up? Key areas of attention include:

• Monitoring for persistent fatigue or other lingering symptoms
• Assessing immune system function, particularly in high-risk individuals
• Screening for potential EBV-related cancers in populations at increased risk
• Evaluating any new or unexplained symptoms that may be related to EBV reactivation

By maintaining vigilant follow-up care, patients and healthcare providers can work together to minimize the impact of potential long-term effects of mono and ensure optimal health outcomes.

Coping Strategies for Individuals with Persistent Mono Symptoms

For those experiencing lingering effects of mono or dealing with EBV-related complications, developing effective coping strategies is essential. Some helpful approaches include:

1. Prioritizing rest and sleep hygiene to manage fatigue
2. Gradually increasing physical activity levels as tolerated
3. Maintaining a balanced, nutrient-rich diet to support immune function
4. Practicing stress-reduction techniques, such as meditation or yoga
5. Seeking support from family, friends, or support groups
6. Working with healthcare providers to develop a personalized management plan

It’s important to remember that recovery times can vary significantly between individuals, and patience is often key when dealing with persistent symptoms.

The Role of Lifestyle Factors in EBV Management

While lifestyle changes cannot prevent EBV infection or eliminate the virus from the body, certain habits may help support overall health and potentially reduce the risk of complications. These include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Engaging in regular, moderate exercise
• Getting adequate sleep
• Managing stress effectively
• Avoiding tobacco use and limiting alcohol consumption
• Practicing good hygiene to reduce the risk of additional infections

By adopting these healthy lifestyle practices, individuals may be better equipped to manage the challenges associated with EBV infection and its potential long-term effects.

The Global Impact of EBV and Mono

Epstein-Barr virus infection and mononucleosis have a significant global impact on public health. Understanding the worldwide prevalence and distribution of EBV can provide valuable insights into its long-term effects and associated complications.

What are some key facts about the global impact of EBV?

• EBV infection is ubiquitous, with an estimated 90-95% of adults worldwide being infected
• The age of primary EBV infection varies by geographic region and socioeconomic status
• In developing countries, EBV infection often occurs in early childhood and may be asymptomatic
• In developed countries, primary EBV infection is more likely to occur in adolescence or young adulthood, often resulting in symptomatic mono
• The incidence of EBV-associated cancers varies significantly by region, with certain types being more prevalent in specific populations

This global perspective highlights the complex interplay between viral infection, host factors, and environmental influences in determining the long-term outcomes of EBV exposure.

Advances in EBV Testing and Monitoring

As research into EBV and its long-term effects progresses, new diagnostic tools and monitoring techniques are being developed. These advancements aim to improve the detection of EBV-related complications and guide treatment decisions.

Some recent developments in EBV testing and monitoring include:

1. More sensitive and specific serological tests to detect EBV antibodies
2. Improved PCR-based methods for quantifying EBV viral load
3. Novel biomarkers for assessing EBV activity and potential complications
4. Advanced imaging techniques for detecting EBV-associated lymphomas and other malignancies
5. Emerging technologies for monitoring EBV-specific T-cell responses

These advances in testing and monitoring capabilities may lead to earlier detection of EBV-related complications and more personalized treatment approaches for affected individuals.

The Psychological Impact of Chronic EBV-Related Symptoms

While much attention is given to the physical manifestations of mono and its potential complications, it’s crucial to consider the psychological impact of living with chronic EBV-related symptoms. Individuals dealing with persistent fatigue, recurrent infections, or other long-term effects may experience significant emotional and mental health challenges.

What are some common psychological issues faced by those with chronic EBV-related symptoms?

• Depression and anxiety related to ongoing health concerns
• Frustration and helplessness due to the unpredictable nature of symptoms
• Social isolation resulting from limited energy and frequent illness
• Stress related to managing work, school, or family responsibilities while dealing with symptoms
• Concerns about future health and potential complications

Addressing these psychological aspects is an essential component of comprehensive care for individuals affected by long-term EBV-related issues. Mental health support, counseling, and coping strategies should be integrated into the overall management plan to promote better quality of life and emotional well-being.

The Role of Nutrition in Supporting EBV Recovery

While no specific diet has been proven to cure EBV infection or prevent its complications, proper nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting overall health and immune function. Some dietary considerations for individuals recovering from mono or managing chronic EBV-related symptoms include:

1. Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
2. Ensuring adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, particularly those that support immune function (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc)
3. Staying well-hydrated to support overall health and energy levels
4. Limiting processed foods, added sugars, and excessive caffeine intake
5. Considering probiotic-rich foods to support gut health and immune function

It’s important to note that individual nutritional needs may vary, and consulting with a registered dietitian can help develop a personalized nutrition plan tailored to specific health needs and goals.

The Potential Impact of EBV on Fertility and Pregnancy

While EBV infection is generally not considered a major risk factor for fertility issues or pregnancy complications, some research suggests that there may be potential implications in certain cases. Understanding these potential effects is important for individuals who have had mono or are dealing with chronic EBV-related symptoms and are considering starting a family.

What are some potential ways EBV might impact fertility and pregnancy?

Complications of Mononucleosis | Everyday Health

When teens and adults get mononucleosis, they can experience debilitating symptoms, such as extreme exhaustion, muscle aches, and sore throat. For most people, symptoms subside after two to four weeks, though you may feel lingering fatigue and tire more easily for up to two months after symptoms go away. (1,2) But beyond that, most of the time you won’t experience longer-term effects of the illness.

In some cases, however, having been exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the main virus responsible for causing mono, can lead to long-term complications and symptoms that persist and, in some cases, even become worse. (3)

EBV is a herpesvirus, and it remains in the body once you get it. Typically, it stays completely dormant, or if you do get mono, it stays dormant after causing the initial case of mono. The virus, however, can sometimes be reactivated. That can cause problems for certain individuals, such as those who have weakened immune systems, says Eric Johannsen, MD, an associate professor of infectious diseases and EBV expert at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health in Madison. In these people, symptoms can recur for weeks, months, or years after recovering from the initial mono illness. (4)

Here’s what you should know about the complications that can crop up.

Mono Can Also Cause These Rarer Complications

These complications are rarer but have also been linked to EBV:

• Anemia This is a condition when you have a lower red blood cell count than usual.
• Thrombocytopenia This condition is when you have a low level of blood platelets, the blood cells that are important for helping your blood clot when you’re bleeding.
• Myocarditis This is an inflammation of the heart muscle.
• Nervous System Problems These include meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Bell’s palsy, and seizures.
• Swollen Testicles 
• Certain Cancers These include Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
• Multiple Sclerosis Some research has indicated that infectious diseases like mono may be triggers for autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Nearly everyone with MS has been infected with EBV, according to Hank Balfour Jr., MD, a professor of laboratory medicine and pathology at the University of Minnesota Medical School in Minneapolis. Doctors are currently exploring the association and working to develop a vaccine for EBV, which they believe may also protect against MS.
• Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease These lymphomas can occur after an organ or bone marrow transplant (1,2,4,9,10,11,12)

RELATED: Everything You Need to Know About Lymphoma

Who’s at Risk for Developing Post-Mono Complications?

People who have impaired immune systems, including people with serious illnesses (like HIV/AIDS) that weaken the immune system or people taking drugs that suppress immunity (like after an organ transplant), are generally at a higher risk of developing complications from mono.

Additionally, there are certain individuals who may be more likely to develop illnesses related to a mono infection. “Certain populations in Asia and Central America have an increased risk of cancers,” notes Dr. Balfour. (13,14) While doctors aren’t sure what may be behind this elevated risk for developing cancers related to mono, one theory suggests that something in the environment may be to blame, according to Balfour. (3,9,10)

There is some evidence that genetics play a role in who is most likely to develop mono (out of those infected with EBV), but whether or not there’s a genetic explanation for who experiences complications from mono is a topic that needs further research. (11,15,16,17)

Because certain types of lymphoma are caused by EBV, researchers are also currently exploring this connection to see if the link might help explain what makes certain people more likely to develop EBV complications. (3,4)

If you’ve had mono before and are experiencing similar symptoms again, see your doctor to find out what may be causing your illness. You may be experiencing a recurrence of mono, complications that are related to EBV, or another health problem that has symptoms similar to those of mono, such as toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus infections, strep throat, or HIV. (2,18)

Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking

1. Mononucleosis. MedlinePlus. March 10, 2022.
2. Mononucleosis: Symptoms and Causes. Mayo Clinic. December 22, 2020.
3. Balfour Jr. HH, Dunmire S, Hogquist KA, et al. Infectious Mononucleosis. Clinical & Translational Immunology. February 2015.
4. The Mono Project. University of Minnesota Medical School.
5. Mononucleosis. FamilyDoctor.org. August 2022.
6. Mononucleosis (Infectious). Nationwide Children’s Hospital. March 2018.
7. Talwani R, Gilliam B, Howell C. Infectious Diseases and the Liver. Clinical Liver Disease. February 2011.
8. About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 28, 2020.
9. Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. November 8, 2021.
10. Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA, Balfour Jr HH. Infectious Mononucleosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 2015.
11. Epstein-Barr Virus and Autoimmune Diseases. National Institutes of Health. April 24, 2018.
12. Al-Mansour Z, Nelson BP, Evens AM. Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD): Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Strategies. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports. September 2013.
13. Qin C, Huang Y, Feng Y, et al. Clinicopathological Features and EBV Infection Status of Lymphoma in Children and Adolescents in South China: A Retrospective Study of 662 Cases. Diagnostic Pathology. February 27, 2018.
14. Viruses That Can Lead to Cancer. American Cancer Society. March 31, 2022.
15. Houldcroft CJ, Kellam P. Host Genetics of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, Latency, and Disease. Reviews in Medical Virology. March 2015.
16. Ngo ST, Steyn FJ, McCombe PA. Gender Differences in Autoimmune Disease. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. August 2014.
17. Macsween KF, Higgins CD, McAulay KA, et al. Infectious Mononucleosis in University Students in the United Kingdom: Evaluation of the Clinical Features and Consequences of the Disease. Clinical Infectious Diseases. March 1, 2010.
18. Mononucleosis: Can It Recur? Mayo Clinic. December 29, 2020.

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Long-Term Effects of Epstein Barr Virus

Since the pandemic, our views on viruses have radically changed. The general public has more of an idea of how they work, and how we can work together to protect the health of our communities. Viruses, however, are complicated and are constantly changing. One virus that has been a topic of conversation amongst health communities is what’s known as the Epstein-Barr Virus. What is this virus, why are so many health educators talking about it, and how might it impact your health? Let’s find out!

What is The Epstein Barr Virus?

Epstein-Barr Virus is a member of the herpes family and is also known as herpesvirus 4. One of the most common viruses that infect humans, EBV is found all over the world. Most people are infected at some point in their lives, however, teenagers and adults are more likely to exhibit symptoms than children. EBV is spread through bodily fluids, primarily through saliva, but also blood and semen as well. This means you can contract EBV by sharing utensils, toothbrushes, kissing, and occasionally through sexual activity. Initial infection with EBV can cause mononucleosis, also known as mono or “the kissing bug”. There is currently no vaccine to prevent the spread of EBV. Thanks to recent research into its potential long-term side effects, more efforts may be put into developing a vaccine as a way to prevent related diseases.

Symptoms of The Epstein Barr Virus

 A lot of people who contract the Epstein-Barr Virus don’t show any symptoms, especially children. That being said, these are some common symptoms of an infection:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Enlarged spleen
• Swollen liver
• Rash
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Inflamed throat

These symptoms typically clear up in two to four weeks. Some people may experience fatigue for weeks or months after, and some people experience more long-term complications.

Long-Term Effects of Epstein Barr Virus

 After your initial infection clears up, the virus becomes dormant in the body. In some cases, it starts to cause symptoms later on, especially for people with weakened immune systems. Recent studies show that inflammation from infection with COVID-19 may reactivate the EBV virus and may lead to symptoms of long COVID. Another possible complication is chronic EBV. Although rare, chronic EBV occurs when a person’s immune system isn’t able to control the infection, keeping the infection active. Symptoms of this include:

• Headache
• Fever
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Joint stiffness
• Sore throat
• Liver failure
• Anemia

It’s not just the EBV infection that can cause long-term health issues. EBV may increase someone’s risk of developing other health conditions. Possible long-term complications of chronic EBV include lymphomas, leukemia, a weakened immune system, and organ failure.

Epstein-Barr virus and Autoimmune Disorders

 An EBV infection may increase your risk of developing seven autoimmune diseases. It is believed that this is because the infection may activate genes that affect the function of your immune system. If someone has a genetic predisposition to a certain illness or disease, they may be more likely to develop it based on different environmental factors. One of those environmental factors is viruses, infections, and inflammation which can be caused by infections. EBV for some people may be one of the environmental triggers that set the right environment for someone to develop an autoimmune disorder. For people with a genetic predisposition, EBV may switch on the genes associated with certain autoimmune disorders.

The diseases that have been linked with Epstein-Barr virus are:

• Type 1 diabetes
• Celiac disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Thyroid disorders
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Certain types of cancers including Hodgkin’s lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma (stomach cancer)
• Lupus
• Inflammatory bowel disease

Treatment of EBV

Most cases of EBV will clear up on their own. However, this isn’t the case for people with chronic EBV or who develop related disorders. There is a blood test that can confirm a prior EBV infection. About nine out of ten adults have antibodies for EBV, so although it could be the source of more chronic symptoms, it’s hard to isolate it as a cause since it’s so prevalent.

For people with chronic EBV in particular, there is one proven effective treatment known as “hematopoietic stem cell transplantation”, aka a bone marrow or stem cell transplant. Treatment of other related health issues varies greatly on the disease, as well as the individual. Although research into EBV and chronic health conditions is relatively new and still has a long way to go, it’s started to give scientists more tools with which to approach autoimmune disorders. One example is new research into antiviral treatments for people with multiple sclerosis.

The role of EBV in other long-term conditions is not totally understood, especially considering how common it is. That being said, it’s helpful to have on your radar, especially if you are navigating chronic health disorders that may be related to EBV.

Bioidentical hormones, when and for how long can be taken – Perfecto-Room Clinic in Kiev

As we get older, our body begins to secrete fewer hormones, which can lead to many unpleasant symptoms, such as fatigue, headaches, hot flashes, weight gain and more. However, you may have heard about the risks of taking hormone replacement, so you’re just still struggling with symptoms. Luckily, the Perfecto Room Clinical Center offers bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, or BHRT, that may change your mind.

Bioidentical hormones are derived from plant extracts and modified to be structurally indistinguishable from hormones produced by our own bodies. As such, they are safer and more effective than traditional hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which uses animal hormones that are similar, but not quite the same, to ours. However, even with plant-based hormones, there are limits to the duration of treatment.

How long should you stay on bioidentical hormone replacement therapy?
Although BHRT uses plant derivatives rather than synthetic animal derivatives, the use of bioidentical hormones has not been studied as extensively as traditional HRT, so the effects of their use for long-term therapy are not yet known. There is some evidence that because they are natural and identical to the hormones your own body produces, they may be suitable for ongoing use. However, since there is no evidence for this, you should only take bioidentical hormones until you achieve symptom relief.

It is always better to put drugs into your system that are biologically identical to what your body already produces than to take drugs that are foreign to your body. When foreign substances enter our body, they cause side effects that are sometimes worse than the condition they treat. So while bioidentical hormones should not be used all the time, they are a safer alternative to traditional HRT. Moreover, they are also more efficient.

As experts in the field of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, we recommend no more than seven years of this therapy; however, we also recommend that you stop treatment when you feel relief from your symptoms. Unfortunately, when you stop taking hormones, the symptoms may return. However, depending on when you started therapy, by the time you are ready to stop taking them, you may have already passed the point in your life when HRT was necessary, as is often the case with menopause.

How the Bioidentical Pellets Work
Before you start any form of HRT, you must get an accurate measurement of your hormone levels. Therefore, this is the first step towards understanding how bioidentical HRT works. At our clinic, you will undergo a technologically advanced hormonal analysis of blood, saliva and/or urine to determine if you have a hormonal imbalance and whether we believe bioidentical HRT will be beneficial for your condition. In some cases, we may recommend other treatments for your symptoms.

Once we have determined your specific needs based on your symptoms and measured hormone levels, we will create a personalized treatment plan that includes the exact dosages your body needs. These are not mass hormones that can be used in the same doses for everyone. Each person will not have the same prescription as you.

Once you have received a prescription that is best suited to your lifestyle, we will administer your individual doses of the required hormones. Hormone deficiency will gradually disappear as replacement hormones will increase your levels to normal. Since these hormones are exact copies of the ones you already produce, your body will not reject them and there will be no side effects. Over time, your body’s hormones will return to optimal levels, which will ease your symptoms.

Replicable Hormones
Any hormone naturally produced by the body can be reproduced using plant derivatives, usually from yams and soy products. The most commonly replaced hormones in BHRT are estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, DHEA, triiodothyronine (thyroid), thyroxine (thyroid), and melatonin. The specific hormones you will be replacing depend on a test that determines which ones are deficient. We will measure your hormone levels at your first appointment with a blood, saliva and/or urine test.

Ideal for men and women
Conventional HRT is mainly aimed at helping menopause. Women restore their hormonal balance with progesterone and estrogen, and while HRT exists in the form of testosterone for men, it is not considered a viable treatment for older men who are otherwise healthy. Because the risks often outweigh the benefits. However, with bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, men of any age can use hormones that are structurally identical to the testosterone that your body already produces.

Symptoms in men
Men often think that their symptoms of hormonal imbalance are a normal sign of aging, but this is not always the case. Diet, age, and lifestyle can affect hormone levels in both men and women, but men are more likely to ignore their symptoms, even if they are younger than they thought, when they encounter these conditions. Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in men include the following.

Erectile dysfunction
Fatigue or decreased energy
Headaches
Inflammation of the prostate
Memory loss
Trouble concentrating
Decreased sperm count
Anxiety and depression
Weight gain
Insomnia
Decreased muscle tone
Water retention 900 09 Hypothyroidism
Enlargement of glands
Irritability
Decreased strength
Mood swings
Hypoglycemia
Adult acne
Decreased libido
Diabetes

Women’s symptoms
We usually think of menopausal women when we hear the term hormone replacement therapy, but they are actually women of all ages who can have imbalanced hormones. When young women develop symptoms of a hormonal imbalance, they often attribute it to other conditions, such as anxiety or depression, rather than to what is actually causing the symptoms. In fact, studies show that premenopausal women achieve better results from BHRT than women who wait until menopause. Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women include the following.

Anxiety and depression
Vaginal dryness
Fatigue or decreased energy
Hair loss or thinning
Endometriosis
Irritability
Memory loss
Concentration problems
Headaches
Facial hair growth
Dry skin
Osteoporosis
Weight gain (especially in the abdomen)
Uterine fibroids
Hot flashes
Premenstrual syndrome
Irregular menstrual cycles
Infertility
Hypothyroidism
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Decreased Libido
Insomnia

Benefits of Bio Hormones
Now that you’ve seen all the different symptoms caused by hormone imbalances, it’s easy to see the benefits of getting bioidentical hormones. Most of these symptoms disappear after therapy, but even those that do not completely disappear are significantly reduced. Menopausal women report great relief from their most distressing symptoms, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood instability. However, symptom relief is not the only benefit of bioidentical hormones.

Healthier teeth and gums
Recent studies have shown that HRT can help you improve your dental and gum health. The loss of bone density associated with aging can lead to loose teeth, and as we age, our teeth also become more susceptible to disease. However, when women take hormones, they are much less likely to develop periodontitis, which is the leading cause of bone and tooth loss. The improvement in oral health is likely due to the prevention of osteoporosis with HRT.

Better skin health
Certain hormones are responsible for the production of collagen and elastin, as well as for lowering hormone levels. It is the same with the production of these two essential substances necessary for skin health. Bioidentical HRT has been shown to increase the amount of collagen produced by the body, resulting in improved skin hydration, improved skin elasticity, and thicker skin that is naturally healthier and less prone to bruising and wounds. It also increases blood flow to the skin, improves its color and overall appearance.

Relief of symptoms in cancer patients
People who have been treated for cancer that has affected their hormone levels have reported that bioidentical hormone replacement therapy has been able to relieve symptoms such as migraines. headaches, urinary incontinence, insomnia and low libido. In addition, in a recent study, these patients had no higher than average breast cancer recurrence rates, suggesting that BHRT is a safe and effective treatment for these patients.

How to monitor your hormone levels while on therapy

Throughout your treatment, we will continue to monitor your hormone levels with blood, saliva and/or urine tests to make sure you are receiving the correct dosage. We will also track your progress over time and provide you with reports showing how your hormone levels have changed. Be sure to let us know at these appointments if your symptoms change or if any of them return during treatment. This will allow us to adjust your therapy.

Frequently Asked Questions:

Are tests required to treat hormone levels?
Yes. This is the only way to know for sure if you have a hormonal imbalance. In our office, we will perform a blood, saliva and/or urine test to determine the level of hormones in your body. In addition, this test will determine the hormones you need. This will allow us to create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.

How often will control meetings take place?
We need to monitor your hormone levels as you go through therapy to make sure they remain stable and effective in treating your symptoms. We usually make an appointment every three or four months to check your hormone levels, discuss any concerns you have, and make any necessary adjustments to your appointment.

Whether you combine other treatments with bioidentical drugs. HRT?
Yes! Patients can sometimes use and combine with HRT, but only on prescription.

Does bioidentical HRT increase the risk of breast cancer?
No. In fact, various studies have shown that there is actually a 30% reduction in breast cancer risk in women who start bioidentical HRT due to estrogen and progesterone deficiency when they enter menopause and continue treatment for a long time.

Does bioidentical HRT increase the risk of heart attack?
No. There are risks associated with synthetic HRT that have been shown to increase a person’s chances of having a heart attack, but in multiple studies, bioidentical hormones have not posed this risk. In fact, research shows that bioidentical hormones can actually reduce the risk of heart disease.

When do results become apparent?
Each person perceives the results of bioidentical HRT differently, which also means that their time frame for symptom relief also varies. Some symptoms may disappear immediately, while others may improve steadily over three to six months. You can expect your hormone levels to return to normal within six months of starting treatment. Again, this time frame varies from person to person, but let us know if you are not getting any relief from your symptoms.

What is the best age to start treatment?
There is no set age to start bioidentical HRT, but you should have your hormones checked when you turn 40 if you haven’t already. If you start experiencing symptoms of a hormonal imbalance before you turn 40, you should take a proactive approach to your care and get a hormone test to determine if the imbalance is your symptoms. This way you can start treatment and feel better right away.

If you have not begun to feel the effects of aging even after 40 years, we still recommend getting tested. This is so that we have a record of what your levels are when you feel good, so that we can compare them with your declining levels. In addition, we will be able to determine if your bioidentical HRT is working because we can track your levels and compare them to your baseline levels.

Does bioidentical HRT affect other medicines?
While you should always tell us about any other medications and supplements you are taking, bioidentical HRT does not usually interfere with or interact with other medications. Remember that these hormones are found naturally in your body, so other medications do not recognize them as foreign. In fact, you can even reduce your medication once you start treatment, which is another benefit of balancing your hormones!

If treated with bioidentical testosterone, will a woman get unwanted hair?
Although this is associated with the risk of synthetic testosterone, a woman is less likely to grow unwanted hair due to bioidentical testosterone.

How long has bioidentical HRT been used?
The practice of using bioidentical hormones to compensate for hormone deficiency is not new. They were first used to relieve menopausal symptoms at 1930s, but as it became easier to manufacture synthetic hormones, they supplanted bioidentical hormones until health risks were identified with traditional HRT in the early 2000s. the resurgence of bioidentical hormones as a more natural way to replenish hormone levels.

Can everyone benefit from bioidentical HRT?
Anyone with a hormonal imbalance can benefit from treatment, but as with all treatments, this is not for everyone. We will take a medical history at your first appointment and determine if you have any medical conditions that may be affecting your body’s response to hormones. There are some conditions that can get worse when hormone levels rise. If we determine that you are not a candidate for bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, we will offer you other treatment options.

Some of the conditions under which you may be denied treatment with bioidentical hormones include unexplained vaginal disease, bleeding (hyperplasia), bleeding disorders, and some thyroid disorders. Even these conditions cannot prevent you from getting all the hormones. For example, people with bleeding disorders should not receive estrogen, but other hormones may be acceptable. Be sure to report all health conditions, both prior and current, during your consultation to ensure the safety of our treatment.

Next steps
Bioidentical HRT can offer you long-term relief. of the many symptoms associated with hormonal imbalances, and while you shouldn’t take them forever, they can help your body navigate the aging process with relative ease. The next step is to contact our experts at the clinic at tel. +38067-220-20-96 or +38(097)252-48-76 to schedule your first consultation. We will help you pass the test, and you will feel like yourself again!

Biorevitalizants with mannitol and glycerol. Application depending on the facial aging morphotype

Cosmetology is now a changing paradigm of attitude towards the patient. In addition to treatment, special attention has again been paid to the prevention and prevention of emerging signs of aging.

If earlier we were guided by the patient’s complaints and age-related changes that have already appeared to draw up a treatment plan, now we first of all carry out diagnostics, and based on the knowledge of the pathophysiological processes of aging, we draw up a prevention and treatment plan.

Thus, a personalized approach to each patient is born. Based on the anamnesis, an objective assessment of the doctor, the necessary diagnostics and the optimal selection of procedures, it gives the most pronounced long-term effect.

Precise selection of not only preparations and course of procedures is important, but also injection techniques, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient: age, facial aging morphotype, lifestyle and wishes.

Now on the market there are many preparations for replenishing the water balance and structure of the skin, both mono and with additional components in the composition. Each of them has its own niche. To make the right choice and hit the target, you need to understand the physico-chemical properties of each of them.

It would be logical to assume that the effectiveness and safety of preparations directly depend on the quality of raw materials. This moment was taken into account by the specialists of the Solopharm company, having created a line of preparations Bellarti based on premium hyaluronic acid HTL (France).

The line consists of two products:

– Bellarti Hydrate (1.3% hyaluronic acid, mannitol 0.49%),

– Bellarti Lift (1.8% hyaluronic acid, gel cerol 0.49%)

The composition of the preparation determines its use.

Bellarti Hydrate with mannitol

Bellarti Hydrate is intended for biorevitalization procedures of the face, neck and décolleté. Mainly papular and micropapular technique. Due to the presence of mannitol in the composition, the drug has a lymphatic drainage function and can be used for swelling in the periorbital zone, as well as in the face area with a deformation-edematous morphotype in order to reduce tissue pastosity.

Bellarti Hydrate is characterized by a positive effect in the form of lightening the area of ​​”dark circles” under the eyes due to impaired microcirculation.

Mannitol is originally an osmotic diuretic drug with diuretic properties. It is widely used in clinical practice, in particular in vascular surgery and cardiology. In cosmetology, a number of other valuable properties of mannitol are noted: it has pronounced antioxidant properties and fights reactive oxygen species – free radicals. Another positive effect of mannitol is a decrease in the rate of degradation of hyaluronic acid by hyaluronidases, which significantly prolongs the presence of the drug in tissues.

Bellarti Lift with glycerol

Bellarti Lift is designed for prolonged biorevitalization of the face, décolleté, hands and other areas that need attention. The technique of introduction can be papular, tubercular, reinforcing, and also with the help of a cannula, depending on the zone and tasks. Due to the combination of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and glycerol, the drug is able to stay in the tissues for a long time.

Glycerol is a trihydric alcohol and is widely used in pharmacology. In cosmetology, it has many useful properties. Glycerol is a moisture-retaining component, it adsorbs water molecules, thus the drug has good hydrating properties. The prolonged effect of the procedure is provided by the stabilizing properties of glycerol, it allows the release of hyaluronic acid for quite a long time, thereby creating long-term tissue stimulation. Glycerin, like mannitol, prevents the peroxidation reaction and protects the cell from free radical damage. Phosphatidylglycerol is formed from glycerol in cells, it regulates the differentiation of keratinocytes and strengthens the epidermal barrier. Also in the membrane of epidermal cells there are specialized channels formed by aquaporins proteins. These protein channels are highly specific for glycerol, many times more than for water. Thus, glycerol is transported to the surface of the epidermis, which is subsequently adsorbed by the skin and provides a moisturizing, smoothing effect.

Why 0.49% concentration?

At the stage of development of the Bellarti line of biorevitalizants, experiments were carried out to select the optimal concentrations of mannitol and glycerol. For this, a study was conducted on the introduction of polyhydric alcohols in different concentrations from 0.4% to 2.0%. Further, the samples were subjected to thermal sterilization and stress analysis (peroxide decomposition). According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the concentration of 0.49% is optimal for both glycerol and mannitol, i.e. it was at this concentration that the best HA stabilization effect was observed, associated with a minimal decrease in the viscosity of the drug compared to the samples, free of glycerol and mannitol. Therefore, the introduction of both mannitol and glycerol in concentrations above 0. 49% doesn’t make sense.

Thus, in addition to being a powerful antioxidant, mannitol, along with glycerol, is also a heat stabilizer for HA, i.e., it retains the properties of the drug during storage, protects HA from the depolymerization reaction during thermal sterilization, with minimal effect on rheological properties.

Where Bellarti is manufactured

It should be noted that Bellarti preparations are manufactured in a modern pharmaceutical plant Solopharm. Solopharm is the largest pharmaceutical company, the leader in the production of liquid sterile dosage forms in Russia, founded in 2010.

The Solopharm plant was built in 2013 according to international GMP quality standards using clean room technology. The plant has modern high-tech European equipment, the latest heating, ventilation and water treatment systems. This allows us to diversify our products and produce medicines in unique packaging without preservatives. Solopharm has its own R&D department and laboratories that provide full-cycle pharmaceutical development and control the quality of incoming raw materials, all stages of production and output products.

Bottling of Bellarti is carried out on the automatic line “Eva” of the German manufacturer Bausch & Strobel.

What is more important when choosing a drug: age or aging morphotype?

There are various recommendations for the choice of the drug, including the concentration of hyaluronic acid in it, depending on the age of the patient. But age is not always determined by the passport. A personalized approach includes both an assessment of individual genetic characteristics and predispositions, as well as the lifestyle and morphotypological characteristics of the patient.

In accordance with the classification of aging morphotypes according to I. I. Kolgunenko, tired, deformation, finely wrinkled, muscular and combined types are distinguished.

Owners of tired morphotype are more often thin women with a narrow or oval face, with normal skin in youth and moderately dry in adulthood. People look tired and sleepy.

Objectively, there is a decrease in the tone of soft tissues, the skin is dull, possibly with pigmentation, impaired lymphatic drainage and moderate swelling.

Finely wrinkled morphotype of aging prevails in people of asthenic constitution with an oval or rectangular face, which retains its outlines in age. With this type, dystrophy of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat is observed. The skin is dry, thinned, with elements of hyperkeratosis, prone to irritation. Both static and dynamic wrinkles are present.

Deformation morphotype of aging occurs in representatives of a dense physique with an excess subcutaneous fat layer. Accompanied by deformation of the oval, flabbiness of the lower third of the face, swelling and pastosity.

Muscular morphotype prevails in representatives of the Asian race, where a small amount of subcutaneous fat and well-developed mimic muscles are genetically determined. With this type, large wrinkles are expressed in mimic-moving zones in conjunction with a violation of pigmentation. At the same time, the skin in adulthood remains smoothed, and the oval retains its shape.

Table. Features of the use of Bellarti preparations depending on the morphotype, zone, skin condition.

Conclusion

With a personalized approach to the patient, every detail is important – from understanding his aging morphotype and individual characteristics to choosing a quality drug. Now Bellarti Hydrate and Bellarti Lift have occupied their niche among biorevitalizants, the effectiveness, safety and quality of which are ensured by the Solopharm pharmaceutical plant, which operates in accordance with international GMP quality standards.

Sources:

1. Kolgunenko I. I. Fundamentals of gerontocosmetology. M., 1974.

2. PTE-01.09-0428-2018/1 Grotex LLC.

3. Khabarov VN Hyaluronic acid in injection cosmetology. M., 2019.

4. Scientific and Practical Society of Doctors of Cosmetologists of St. Petersburg: a collection of articles. 2014. Issue.