About Mono (Infectious Mononucleosis) | CDC

Infectious mononucleosis, also called “mono,” is a contagious disease. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can also cause this disease. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students. At least one out of four teenagers and young adults who get infected with EBV will develop infectious mononucleosis.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis usually appear four to six weeks after you get infected with EBV. Symptoms may develop slowly and may not all occur at the same time.

These symptoms include:

• extreme fatigue
• fever
• sore throat
• head and body aches
• swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
• swollen liver or spleen or both
• rash

Enlarged spleen and a swollen liver are less common symptoms. For some people, their liver or spleen or both may remain enlarged even after their fatigue ends.

Most people get better in two to four weeks; however, some people may feel fatigued for several more weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis can last for six months or longer.

Transmission

EBV is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can cause this disease. Typically, these viruses spread most commonly through bodily fluids, especially saliva. However, these viruses can also spread through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations.

Other infections that can cause infectious mononucleosis:

Prevention & Treatment

There is no vaccine to protect against infectious mononucleosis. You can help protect yourself by not kissing or sharing drinks, food, or personal items, like toothbrushes, with people who have infectious mononucleosis.

You can help relieve symptoms of infectious mononucleosis by—

• drinking fluids to stay hydrated
• getting plenty of rest
• taking over-the-counter medications for pain and fever

If you have infectious mononucleosis, you should not take penicillin antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin. Based on the severity of the symptoms, a healthcare provider may recommend treatment of specific organ systems affected by infectious mononucleosis.

Because your spleen may become enlarged as a result of infectious mononucleosis, you should avoid contact sports until you fully recover. Participating in contact sports can be strenuous and may cause the spleen to rupture.

Diagnosing Infectious Mononucleosis

Healthcare providers typically diagnose infectious mononucleosis based on symptoms.

Laboratory tests are not usually needed to diagnose infectious mononucleosis. However, specific laboratory tests may be needed to identify the cause of illness in people who do not have a typical case of infectious mononucleosis.

The blood work of patients who have infectious mononucleosis due to EBV infection may show—

• more white blood cells (lymphocytes) than normal
• unusual looking white blood cells (atypical lymphocytes)
• fewer than normal neutrophils or platelets
• abnormal liver function

Mononucleosis (Mono) (for Teens) – Nemours Kidshealth

What Is Mononucleosis?

Mononucleosis (mono) is a viral infection that causes a sore throat and fever. Cases often happen in teens and young adults. It goes away on its own after a few weeks of rest.

What Causes Mono?

Mononucleosis (pronounced: mah-no-noo-klee-OH-sus), or infectious mononucleosis, usually is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Most of us are exposed to EBV at some point while we’re growing up. Infants and young kids infected with EBV usually have very mild symptoms or none at all. But infected teens and young adults often develop the symptoms that define mono.

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Mononucleosis?

Signs of mono usually show up about 1–2 months after someone is infected with the virus. Its most common symptoms are sometimes mistaken for strep throat or the flu. These include:

• fever
• sore throat with swollen tonsils that may have white patches
• swollen lymph nodes (glands) in the neck
• being very tired

A person also can have:

• headaches
• sore muscles
• weakness
• belly pain with a larger-than-normal liver or spleen (an organ in the upper left part of the belly)
• skin rash
• loss of appetite

Is Mono Contagious?

Mono is contagious. It spreads from person to person through contact with saliva (spit). It’s nicknamed “the kissing disease” because it can spread through kissing. It also spreads through coughing and sneezing, or when people share something with spit on it (like a straw, drinking glass, eating utensil, or toothbrush).

Mono can also spread through sexual intercourse and blood transfusions, but this is much less common.

People who’ve been infected carry the virus for life, even after symptoms stop and even if they had no symptoms. The virus is then “dormant,” or inactive. Sometimes the dormant virus “wakes up” and finds its way into a person’s saliva. This means that they can be contagious from time to time over the course of their life, even when they have no symptoms.

How Is Mono Diagnosed?

To diagnose mono, doctors do an exam to check for things like swollen tonsils and an enlarged liver or spleen, common signs of the infection. Sometimes the doctor will do a blood test.

How Is Mono Treated?

The best treatment for mono is plenty of rest and fluids, especially early in the illness when symptoms are most severe. For fever and aching muscles, try taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Don’t take aspirin unless your doctor tells you to. Aspirin has been linked to a serious disease in kids and teens called Reye syndrome, which can lead to liver failure and death.

How Long Does Mono Last?

Mono symptoms usually go away within 2 to 4 weeks. In some teens, though, the tiredness and weakness can last for months.

When you start feeling better, take it slow and don’t overdo it. Although you can return to school after your fever is gone, you may still feel tired. Your body will tell you when it’s time to rest — listen to it. By taking good care of yourself and resting as much as you need to, you will soon be back to normal, usually within a few weeks.

Can Mono Be Prevented?

There is no vaccine to protect against the Epstein-Barr virus. But you can help protect yourself by avoiding close contact with anyone who has it.

If you have mono, don’t share the virus with your friends and family as you recover. Wash your hands well and often, sneeze or cough into a tissue or your elbow (not your hands), and keep your drinks and eating utensils to yourself. This is one time when your friends and family will thank you for being selfish.

What Else Should I Know?

Mono can make the spleen swell for a few weeks or longer. An enlarged spleen can rupture, causing pain and bleeding inside the belly, and needs emergency surgery. So doctors recommend that teens who have mono avoid contact sports for at least a month after symptoms are gone. Don’t do any strenuous activities until your doctor says it’s OK.

In most cases, mono symptoms go away in a matter of weeks with plenty of rest and fluids. If they seem to linger or get worse, or if you have any other questions, call your doctor.

9 Mono Symptoms That Suggest You May Have ‘The Kissing Disease’

Mono is known to plague us more during our _experimental years. High school and college are prime hotbeds for transmitting the virus—whether you get it from a kiss or sipping someone else’s drink, it can really get around. Mono symptoms are no fun and can leave you sidelined for up to a few months. And even if your bar-hopping college days are long gone, you can still get it.

“Infectious mononucleosis, or mono, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and can leave you feeling tired and weak for a few weeks, or even a couple of months,” Keri Peterson, M.D., an internist in NYC who works with digital doctors appointment-booking platform Zocdoc, tells SELF. Epstein-Barr is a virus in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. “Almost all adults have been infected with EBV by age 35 and have built up antibodies to fight the infection,” says Peterson. The upshot of that is that it means once you get mono, you won’t get it again. (Mono can also be caused by other viruses, but this is rare.) The downside is that if you didn’t get it as a teen, you could still get it in your 20s or 30s.

Mono is spread through bodily fluids, usually saliva—hence its nickname, “the kissing disease.” “But you can also get it by exposure to a cough or sneeze, or by sharing food and drinks with someone who has mono,” says Peterson.

Mono is often mistaken for the flu or strep throat because the classic symptoms are all similar, but there are a few unique things that make mono different.

These are the classic symptoms of mono:

• Fatigue
• Fever
• Swollen, sometimes tender glands, most often on the back of the neck
• Sore throat
• Swollen tonsils that are also coated by a white or grey/green material
• Headache
• A pink skin rash (The National Institute of Health describes it as measles-like.)
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle aches and stiffness

Mono symptoms can take over a month to show up.

“The period of time between when you contract the infection and when you start to have symptoms is called the incubation period, and this typically lasts four to six weeks,” says Peterson. That means you can also give it to someone else in the meantime without even knowing you have it.

One potentially dangerous mono symptom: It can make your spleen swollen, and in rare cases, cause it to rupture.

Mono causes the spleen, a small organ under the left ribcage and above the stomach that helps fight infection and filter old blood cells, to swell. “The spleen can enlarge up to 50 to 60 percent in people with mono,” Peterson says. It’s normal for this to be symptomless. In some cases, you may feel pressure or pain in the upper left area of your abdomen, or experience a full feeling even if you haven’t eaten. In more severe cases, the abdominal pain can move into the left shoulder and get worse when you take deep breaths. The spleen can sometimes get so swollen it ruptures, which is rare, but a real emergency. “You should seek medical help immediately if you have mono and experience a sharp, sudden pain in the upper left part of your abdomen,” Peterson says. Call 911, or get to an ER, ASAP.

Mono can last up to a few months, and usually goes away on its own.

If your general symptoms don’t improve after seven to 10 days, see a doctor to get a proper diagnosis. “In most cases, mono is mild and usually goes away on its own in one to two months,” Peterson says. Some symptoms, like fatigue, can linger longer than others. Here’s how to help your body fight the infection:

1. Rest. “This may keep you away from classes, work, team practices and social outings, but it’s important to take it easy for a while. Be patient with your body as it fights the infection,” says Peterson.

2. Hydrate. Water, tea, chicken noodle soup. Make sure you’re getting lots of fluids.

3. Take anti-inflammatory medicines. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen will help reduce fever and relieve a sore throat and headaches, Peterson says. “Your doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid medication to reduce throat and tonsil swelling on a case-by-case basis,” says Peterson.

4. Gargle with salt water. She also recommends gargling with warm salt water a few times each day to help soothe a sore throat.

5. Avoid vigorous activity. Because of the risk of spleen rupture, doctors recommend avoiding contact sports or vigorous activity until you’re completely better. Talk with your doctor about exactly how long you should hold off.

Mono Symptoms: Warning Signs of Mononucleosis

Mono, short for mononucleosis, is a common viral illness–and unwelcome rite of passage–for many adolescents and young adults. College students are particularly vulnerable, but infants and young children can get it too (although their mono symptoms are usually mild, if they have symptoms at all).

Classic signs of mono include fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. Doctors often diagnose this infection based on a patient’s symptoms and physical exam results, although sometimes mono blood testing is ordered to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other causes.

Serious complications can occur, but most people recover with plenty of rest, fluids, gargling, and over-the-counter pain relievers. (Mono treatment is pretty much what your mom would recommend!)

Is mono contagious? Let’s put it this way: Mono is called “the kissing disease”–and not because there’s anything romantic about it! The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the most common cause of mono, hitches a ride in people’s saliva.

“You can pass it on when you have direct sharing of secretions, like kissing or sharing a cup,” says Christine Hermos, MD, assistant professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and pediatric infectious disease specialist at the UMass Memorial Children’s Medical Center.

Luckily, mono is less contagious than the common cold. People with mono don’t usually have coughing or sneezing, so they’re not spraying virus-containing droplets of saliva into the air, Dr. Hermos explains.

Mono can also be spread through blood and semen, but that occurs less frequently, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

If you do come in contact with mono, it can take four to six weeks after you’ve been infected for mono symptoms to even appear. Many people start to feel better two to four weeks after that, but fatigue can persist for many weeks or even months.

So, how long are you contagious with mono? Studies have not established a firm timeline. It may depend on your symptoms, so patients should talk to their doctors. “I usually tell them they’re probably shedding virus for about three weeks until their fever resolves,” Dr. Hermos says.

At least it’s uncommon to get mono more than once. After you’ve had mono, the Epstein-Barr virus hides in your body but rarely causes symptoms a second time. Roughly 90% of adults have antibodies against Epstein-Barr in their blood, meaning they’ve been exposed to the virus years earlier, probably in childhood.

Think you might be tangling with a case of mono? Here’s a symptom-by-symptom checklist of what to look for.

RELATED: 11 Signs It’s More Serious Than the Common Cold

Mononucleosis | Nemours

Mononucleosis

About Mononucleosis

Kids and teens with mononucleosis (mono) can have flu-like symptoms (like a fever, muscle aches, tiredness, and a sore throat), which go away on their own after a few weeks of rest and plenty of fluids.

Mono usually is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a very common virus that most kids are exposed to at some point while growing up. Infants and young kids infected with EBV typically have very mild symptoms or none at all. But teens and young adults who become infected often develop mono.

Mono is spread through kissing, coughing, sneezing, or any contact with the saliva of someone who has been infected with the virus. (That’s how mono got nicknamed “the kissing disease.”) It also can spread by sharing a straw or an eating utensil. Researchers believe that mono may be spread sexually as well.

People who have been infected with EBV will carry the virus for the rest of their lives — even if they never have any signs or symptoms of mono. Those who did have mono symptoms probably will not get sick or have symptoms again.

Although EBV is the most common cause of mono, other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (sy-toe-meh-guh-low-VY-rus), can cause a similar illness. Like EBV, cytomegalovirus stays in the body for life and may not cause any symptoms.

Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms usually show up about 4 to 7 weeks after infection with the virus and can include:

• being very tired
• fever
• sore throat with swollen tonsils that may have white patches
• loss of appetite
• swollen lymph nodes (commonly called glands, located in the neck, underarms, and groin)
• headaches
• sore muscles
• weakness
• larger-than-normal liver or spleen
• skin rash
• abdominal pain

Mono symptoms usually go away within 2 to 4 weeks. In some teens, though, the tiredness and weakness can last for months.

To make a diagnosis, the doctor may do a blood test and physical exam to check for things like swollen tonsils and an enlarged liver or spleen, which often is a sign of the infection.

Mono and Sports

Doctors recommend that kids who get mono avoid sports for at least a month after symptoms are gone because the spleen usually is enlarged temporarily from the illness. An enlarged spleen can rupture easily — causing internal bleeding and abdominal pain — and require emergency surgery.

So vigorous activities, contact sports, weightlifting, cheerleading, or even wrestling with siblings or friends should be avoided until the doctor says it’s OK.

Complications

Most kids who get mono recover completely with no problems. In rare cases, though, complications can happen. These can include problems with the liver or spleen, anemia, meningitis, trouble breathing, or inflammation of the heart.

Prevention and Treatment

There is no vaccine to protect again the Epstein-Barr virus. But you can help protect your kids from mono by making sure that they avoid close contact with anyone who has it.

Many people who have mono won’t have symptoms, but they can still pass it to others. So kids should wash their hands well and often, and not share drinks or eating utensils with others, even people who seem healthy.

The best treatment for mono is plenty of rest, especially early in the course of the illness when symptoms are the most severe. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help to relieve a fever and aching muscles. Never give aspirin to a child who has a viral illness because its use has been linked to Reye syndrome, which may lead to liver failure and can even be fatal.

In most cases, mono symptoms go away in a matter of weeks with plenty of rest and fluids. If they seem to linger, or if you have any other questions, talk with your child’s doctor.

Reviewed by: Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, MD
Date reviewed: October 01, 2016

Mononucleosis | Andover Pediatrics

Mono

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection, commonly known as mononucleosis or “mono”, can occur at any age, but is most common in adolescence and early adulthood. Generally, the younger a person is when they get mono the better – children are less ill and recover faster than teenagers, and teenagers in turn have an easier time than adults!

Mono proceeds in three phases. First, a prodrome lasting 1-2 weeks with few if any symptoms. Second, an acute phase lasting 2 to 6 weeks during which the individual may be very sick with fevers, swollen glands, severe sore throat, and exhaustion. And third, a convalescent phase lasting 2 to 6 months during which the acute symptoms have resolved but the patient suffers from lowered physical & mental energy, endurance, and easy fatigability. During the acute and convalescent phases, individuals are at increased risk of rupturing the spleen in the event of blunt abdominal trauma. There is no treatment other than supportive care (fluids, pain control, and fever control) during any of these phases.

In most cases, by the time mono is diagnosed it is a week or more into the acute phase. During this phase, the following measures are helpful:

• Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) to bring down a fever and lessen the pain from a sore throat.
• Gargle four times a day with warm water mixed with a teaspoon of antacid or salt.
• If it hurts to swallow, try eating softer foods. Milkshakes and cold drinks are especially good. Avoid orange or grapefruit juice.
• Take a multivitamin every day.
• Do not share drinks or silverware with others.
• Drink plenty of fluids, at least 8 glasses each day.
• Rest when you feel tired. You do not need to stay in bed if you feel well enough to get up.

Mono is contagious, but only from close contact such as kissing, sharing utensils, or prolonged household contact. It is NOT generally transmitted through casual social contacts such as might happen in the classroom. EBV is a member of the Herpes virus family, and like other Herpes viruses after a primary infection lives in the patient’s body (inside a subset of the white blood cells) for the rest of his life.

Generally we recommend that children or teens with mono return to school during the convalescent phase, basically as soon as they “feel up to it”; but with certain modifications in place to compensate for their reduced stamina. The most important of these is a ban from all contact sports (football, wrestling, hockey, etc.) for 4 weeks from the onset of illness (acute phase) due to the risk of splenic rupture. Being excused from gym and other physical activities altogether for the first 4 to 6 weeks after return to school might also be reasonable just for lack of energy. Reduced homework load and/or a shortened school day for some time after return should also be considered in severe cases.

Infectious mono: More than the ‘kissing disease’ – Find a DO

Infectious mononucleosis, or mono, is often called the “kissing disease” because the virus can be easily transmitted by kissing.

While the most common way for the virus to spread is, indeed, through saliva, you don’t have to kiss someone with an active strain of it in order to contract it. It can also be transmitted by activities like sharing drinks and using another person’s utensils, or through blood and other bodily fluids.

Being exposed to mono does not guarantee an onset of symptoms, especially if you are exposed as a child. “Many people have the virus in their system throughout their lives without any symptoms,” says Rob Danoff, DO, an osteopathic family physician. “This is especially true in young children as fever (often persistent) may be the only symptom. We can only confirm if they were exposed and had the virus in them through a blood test.”

Many people have the Epstein-Barr virus in their system throughout their lives without any symptoms.

In fact, most people have been exposed to the virus by the time they reach middle age, with the majority acquiring the infection during childhood and severe symptoms more typical during the teen years. Mono is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a type of herpes virus and one of the most common human viruses. Other viruses in the herpes family cause cold sores and illnesses like chickenpox.

Epstein-Barr signs, symptoms

Sometimes the first indication that a person may have mono is a rash that develops after taking the antibiotics amoxicillin or ampicillin. These antibiotics are used for bacterial ailments and are frequently incorporated into treatment when a bacterial cause of a sore throat is suspected prior to a diagnosis.

Unusual fatigue is a very common early symptom of mono. “Often the person says ‘Doc, I am sleeping a lot but still tired and don’t feel like I am doing too much’,” Dr. Danoff says. Sometimes mono can be confused with the flu or strep throat because the symptoms are so similar, but with mono, the fatigue and other symptoms can go on for weeks or even months before an individual fully recovers.

Once a person is infected with the Epstein-Barr virus there is a lag time, or incubation period, during which the virus is multiplying in the body. This can last for several weeks and the patient can be asymptomatic the entire time though still able to spread the virus to others. People who get symptoms from EBV can expect them to last from two to four weeks, though some can feel fatigued for several weeks or months.

Once the virus is in your body, it remains there in an inactive state.  If it reactivates, you can potentially spread it to others regardless of how much time has passed since the initial infection.

Symptoms of mono may include:

• Increased fatigue
• Unexplained fever (often between 101-104 degrees)
• Sore throat that may look like strep throat
• Enlarged liver or spleen (typically with pain or discomfort in the upper left side of the abdomen)
• Headaches
• Swollen lymph nodes, particularly on the sides of the neck, underarms or groin
• Swollen tonsils
• Decreased appetite

Treatment and prevention

There is no specific treatment for EBV other than relieving symptoms by staying hydrated, getting lots of rest and taking over-the-counter medications for pain and fever.

There is also no vaccine to protect against EBV infection, but there are ways to decrease your risk of mono, according to Dr. Danoff, who is program director of the Family Medicine Residency and the combined Family Medicine/Emergency Medicine Residency programs at Jefferson Health Northeast in Philadelphia. He believes in a preventive approach to medicine and encourages his patients to take charge of their health.

Ways to decrease the risk of mono:

• Don’t intimately kiss a person who is sick.
• Don’t share utensils, glasses, straws of a person who is sick.
• Don’t donate blood if you have mono.
• If you’ve been exposed to someone with Epstein-Barr virus, try not to touch your eyes, nose or mouth as the virus can live on moist surfaces for many hours.
• Keep your immune system strong through regular physical activity, a healthy diet and regular sleep (6-8 hours per night for adults; 8-10 hours for children).

Focusing on preventive care, Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine, or DOs, consider how environmental and lifestyle factors impact your health. They also partner with their patients to help them get healthy and stay well.

90,000 Mono against influenza

Influenza (influenza) and infectious mononucleosis (mononucleosis) are common diseases that have many common symptoms, but the two diseases have different causes and require different treatment. One can easily be confused with the other. Therefore, making an accurate diagnosis is essential for the correct treatment of your disease.

Reasons

Both influenza and mono are caused by viruses, but viruses differ and are transmitted differently.

Influenza A and B

• Transmitted by drip from the nose, mouth, throat.

Transmitted by drip from the nose, mouth, throat.

• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

• Transmitted through saliva and other body fluids (such as blood and semen)

Transmitted through saliva and other body fluids (such as blood and semen)

Causes of influenza

Of the four types of viruses that can cause influenza (influenza A, B, C, and D), influenza A and B are most commonly transmitted from person to person.They are also the viruses that cause seasonal flu every year1.

Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on proteins found on the surface of the virus, and influenza B viruses are classified according to their origin. Influenza B viruses tend to change more slowly than influenza A viruses, which means they are slower to create new variants1.

One way to get the flu is if a person infected with the flu sneezes or coughs on an object or surface right before you touch it.2 However, this is why frequent hand washing is one of the preventive measures against influenza.

Mono Reasons

Mono is commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

However, other viruses can also cause this disease, including: 3

• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• Rubella, also called German measles

• Hepatitis A, B or C

• Adenovirus is a common cause of colds.

These viruses commonly spread among adolescents and young adults. In fact, one in four adolescents and young adults is infected with EBV.3 The viruses that cause mono can also be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and through blood and semen during sexual intercourse.

Symptoms

Although influenza and monofluenza have similar symptoms, you can tell what illness you have by when the symptoms first appeared and how long they last.

Heat

Cough

• Sore throat

Sore throat

• Runny or stuffy nose

Runny or stuffy nose

• Muscle or body pain

Muscle or body pain

• Headaches

Headaches

Fatigue

• Vomiting and diarrhea

Vomiting and diarrhea

• Extreme fatigue

Extreme fatigue

Heat

• Sore throat

Sore throat

• Headaches and body aches

Headaches and body aches

• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits

Rash

Flu symptoms

People with influenza often experience some or all of their symptoms within two days of exposure to the influenza virus.People who get the flu are most infectious (most likely to spread the flu) three to four days after the onset of the illness.

In uncomplicated cases, symptoms usually resolve within five to seven days. However, coughing and general malaise can persist for up to two weeks after infection.

Fever is not present in all cases of influenza and should not be the determining factor in measuring your level of illness.

Mono Symptoms

Although flu symptoms usually appear shortly after infection, monosymptoms can appear quickly or slowly.In some cases, people who have mono may not experience any symptoms for four to six weeks after infection. However, symptoms of mononucleosis may not appear immediately or even

If you do experience symptoms, they usually resolve within two to four weeks. However, extreme fatigue can last longer. Sometimes symptoms can persist for up to six months.

EBV is one of the most widespread viruses found worldwide.In fact, most people will contract EBV at some point in their lives, but they may not develop any symptoms7.

Asymptomatic (asymptomatic) people who carry the virus can transmit the virus and infect others.

Complications

Knowing the possible complications allows you to know what to look for when you or your loved one has the flu or mono.

• Dewatering

Dewatering

• Exacerbation of major diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Exacerbation of major diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

• Sinus or ear infection

Sinus or ear infection

Pneumonia

• Enlarged spleen

Enlarged spleen

• Temporary liver inflammation (hepatitis) or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)

Temporary inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)

• Virus reactivation

Virus reactivation

Complications of influenza

Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among young children, the elderly, pregnant women, people with certain chronic medical conditions, or those living in a nursing home.Most flu cases never lead to pneumonia, but those that do tend to be more serious and fatal.

Certain strains can cause certain complications. Invasive infection with Neisseria meningitidis can lead to meningococcal meningitis (bacteria in the lining of the brain and spinal cord and cause swelling).

Other possible complications: 5

• Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis)

• Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)

• Inflammation of muscle tissue (myositis and rhabdomyolysis)

• Multiple organ failure, such as respiratory and renal failure.

Mono complications

Although unpleasant, in most cases, monotherapy is not life threatening and usually does not cause serious complications.8 Since this is not true in all cases, we need to know what to look for in rare cases.

Complications that occur in at least 1% of monotherapy patients include:

• Airway obstruction due to severe swelling of the tonsils

• Streptococcal pharyngitis (sore throat)

• Meningoencephalitis (brain infection)

• Hemolytic anemia (low red blood cell count anemia)

• platelet count)

Care

Sometimes we can still get sick even if we wash our hands thoroughly, eat and rest well, and avoid people with the flu or monofluenza.

• Rest to help the body fight infection

Rest to help the body fight infection

• Moisturize to help the body detoxify

Moisturize to help the body detoxify

• Take Tylenol (ibuprofen) to reduce fever and body aches.

Take Tylenol (ibuprofen) to relieve fever and body aches.

• Stay home

Stay home

• Eat a light diet

Eat a light diet

• Ask about antivirals if you are seriously ill

Ask about antivirals if you are seriously ill

Rest

• Hydrate

Hydrate

• Take an NSAID or Tylenol (ibuprofen).

Take an NSAID or Tylenol (ibuprofen).

• Stay home

Stay home

• Gargle with salt water and suck on lozenges.

Gargle with salt water and suck on lozenges.

• Avoid sports to prevent rupture of the spleen.

Avoid sports to prevent rupture of the spleen.

Treatment of influenza

Most people do not need antiviral drugs to treat influenza.If your case is complicated by other medical conditions or your symptoms persist, your doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs, such as: 10

• Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate)

• Relenza (zanamivir)

• Rapivab (peramivir)

• Xofluza (baloxavir)

Children and adolescents with fever should not take aspirin. It has been linked to a rare condition that causes brain and liver damage (Reyes syndrome) 11.

Antiviral drugs are not the same as antibiotics, which are designed to kill bacteria. These are prescription-only medicines that can: 12

• Make the illness less severe and shorter in duration

• Help prevent serious complications from influenza

They are most effective when taken early in the illness (within two days of illness) .12 But you can still talk about them with your doctor, even if this period has passed.

The best flu treatment is prevention

To protect yourself against several strains of influenza A and B at the same time, you need to get a seasonal flu shot. Studies have shown that flu shots reduce the risk of getting the flu by 40% to 60% during the flu season13.

Mono Treatment

You are treating mono at home with rest and plenty of fluids. Antibiotics and antiviral drugs do not work on mono.

You should still call your doctor or seek medical attention if you have any of the following: 8

• Difficulty breathing or swallowing

• Dizziness or fainting

• Severe muscle weakness in arms or legs

• Severe body pain

• Constant high fever

• Severe headaches

• Sharp pain in the upper left corner of the abdomen

Word from Verywell

Nobody likes to get sick, but knowing what is wrong and what to do makes your illness more manageable.If you are unsure about the cause of your symptoms or the correct course of treatment, see your doctor for an accurate diagnosis and advice. Likewise, if you are concerned about underlying medical conditions and possible complications, talk to your doctor. Although most people recover from influenza and monofluenza at home by resting, moisturizing, and treating symptoms without medical intervention, some cases can be more severe and require medical attention.

90,000 Pregnancy flu shot | Surgut City Clinical Polyclinic No. 4

Can I get the flu shot during pregnancy? In most cases, experts say: it is not only possible, but also necessary: ​​during the gestation period, a woman belongs to the most vulnerable group of the population, along with young children, the elderly and people with chronic diseases.

Is influenza dangerous during pregnancy?

Influenza is an infectious disease, depending on the strain and the body’s immune response, it can proceed quite easily, and can cause serious complications and consequences. Pregnancy is a physiological condition in which the body’s defenses decrease naturally, the mother’s immunity is suppressed to reduce the likelihood of fetal rejection, which entails a reduced ability to resist various infectious agents, and the influenza virus is no exception.

In pregnant women much more often than in the same age period outside of gestation complications of influenza are noted: viral, bacterial pneumonia and pneumonia of mixed etiology, sinusitis, bronchitis, otitis media, pyelonephritis, etc.

In a severe course of the disease, which is also observed in pregnant women much more often, complications of the cardiovascular system (myocarditis, heart failure) may develop. Also, against the background of influenza, diseases of the endocrine system ( diabetes mellitus ), urinary system (nephritis, cystitis) often exacerbate or debut, episodes of bronchial asthma are observed.

Bacterial diseases that are not directly related to the influence of the influenza virus, for example, candidiasis, can also worsen or develop after a viral infection due to a decrease in general immunity. In addition to the more severe course of the disease and complications, influenza in pregnant women can lead to the threat of premature birth, spontaneous abortion. In the early stages, the influenza virus and some medications can negatively affect the developing organs and systems of the fetus, and in the later stages of gestation, the virus that has penetrated the placental barrier can cause influenza in a child.

Can pregnant women get the flu shot?

The World Health Organization is implementing a flu vaccination program for pregnant women. In the absence of contraindications, experts recommend that all pregnant women be vaccinated against influenza, although it is not included in the mandatory vaccination list and the choice remains with the expectant mother.
What are the reasons for getting the flu shot during pregnancy?

• A weakened pregnant woman’s immune system puts her at a higher risk of contracting the influenza virus during and outside seasonal outbreaks.
• When infected, the course of the disease can be much more severe than the average characteristic for a given strain; when new mutated strains of influenza appear, pregnant women are one of the groups with the highest mortality.
• The risk of developing complications of influenza in pregnant women is significantly higher.
• Influenza can affect not only the mother’s body, but also cause spontaneous abortion or abnormal development of the fetus.
• Vaccination allows the formation of antibodies against influenza, which are passed on to the child and protect against infection during the first 6 months of life.

Are there any contraindications to influenza vaccination during pregnancy?

An absolute contraindication is the presence of an allergic reaction to chicken protein, the base substance for creating a vaccine, as well as individual intolerance to vaccine components.

Relative contraindications, which must be assessed for each woman separately, include allergies to various groups of antibiotics, an allergic reaction during the previous vaccination.It is highly not recommended to get a flu shot in the early stages (in the first trimester before the placenta forms). An annual preventive vaccination before conception helps to avoid the risk of illness during the high viral load season.

Temporary contraindications, in which it is necessary to postpone the vaccination period until the period of full health, include respiratory diseases, exacerbation of somatic diseases, allergies, gestosis of the second and third trimester.

When to get vaccinated during pregnancy and when planning to conceive?

Pregnant women are recommended to be vaccinated against influenza at the beginning of the second trimester, especially if the pregnancy occurs during the seasonal period of epidemics.Vaccination is preferable 1 month before the onset of an increase in the infectious activity of the virus, most often in September-early October.

The process of the formation of an immune response takes from 2 to 4 weeks, thus, 1 month before the start of the average activity of the virus, it is necessary to be vaccinated.
When planning pregnancy, vaccination is carried out 1 month before the attempt at conception. It must be remembered that the vaccination period is about 12 months, therefore regular annual revaccination is necessary for long-term protection.

Preparing for influenza vaccination

In extremely rare cases, allergic reactions of a pronounced nature (up to Quincke’s edema) occur to the components of the vaccine, which were not expected during the previous examination of the woman. To reduce the likelihood of allergies of any severity, you must follow the rules for preparing for vaccination:

• Vaccination is carried out against the background of complete health and not earlier than 2 weeks after the transferred viral or bacterial disease;
• malaise on the day of vaccination is a reason for being examined by a doctor and postponing the date of vaccination;
• 2-3 days before vaccination, on the day of vaccination and a week after, it is worth avoiding unusual food, drinks, potential allergens in food, cosmetics, etc.p.

Choice of vaccine for pregnant women

All vaccines proposed for the development of immunity against the most common strains of influenza are inactivated, that is, a live virus does not enter the body, which excludes both the negative effect of the infectious agent on the expectant mother and the teratogenic effect on the fetus. However, vaccines may differ in the presence and amount of a preservative, in the direction of action on one or two virus strains predicted in the next epidemic, etc.
The most frequently chosen drugs for vaccination of pregnant women are:

• Sovigripp;
• Vaxigripp;
• Grippol;
• Begrivak;
• Grippo Plus and others.

The most common and affordable vaccines in Russia are Grippol and Grippol Plus. The second option is considered the most suitable for women during gestation, since there are no preservatives in the vaccine.

Despite the fact that the effect of the vaccine is not an absolute protection against virus infection, in the event of a disease, the clinical picture in patients, including pregnant women, is distinguished by less pronounced symptoms, mild forms of diseases, and rare complications.Timely flu vaccination helps protect not only the mother, but also the baby, and is recommended for almost all pregnant women and women planning a child.

90,000 similarities and differences between the causative agents of COVID-19 and influenza

To important differences
can be attributed to the rate of transmission.
Average incubation time
period (time from the moment of infection to
onset of symptoms) and time
generation (time between infection of one
person and infection of another) when
flu less.Estimated generation time
for COVID-19 is 5-6 days, then
as with the flu, it is 3 days.
This means that the flu can
spread faster than COVID-19.

Except
addition, a key element in disseminating
influenza is the transmission of infection to
during the first 3-5 days of illness and,
possibly before the onset of symptoms, i.e.
before symptoms of the disease appear. WITH
on the other hand, although information is coming in,
that some patients with COVID-19
virus shedding can occur for
24 to 48 hours before symptoms start,
currently appears to be
it does not play such an important role in
the spread of infection.

According to
latest data, reproductive number,
that is, the number of persons who can
infect one patient with COVID-19
is in the range from 2 to 2.5, which
higher than with the flu. However, holding
COVID-19 pathogen assessments
and influenza is highly dependent
from a specific context and time,
therefore direct comparisons are not always
correct.

At
the transmission of influenza among the population is an important
the role belongs to children. With COVID-19
children, according to preliminary information, in
less susceptible to infection,
than adults: rate of incidence
in the age group 0–19 years is low.In addition, according to preliminary data
household surveys in China,
infection of children occurs from adults,
and not vice versa.

Despite
the fact that a set of symptoms for both
diseases are similar, the proportion of cases of severe
currents are different. According to the available
reported 80% of COVID-19 cases
characterized by mild or asymptomatic
course, 15% – severe course, with
which requires oxygen therapy, and
in 5% of cases, the disease takes
extremely difficult character and requires
artificial ventilation of the lungs.Share
cases of severe and extremely severe
the course of the disease is higher than with the flu.

Patients
risk groups for influenza are children,
pregnant women, elderly people, persons
with background diseases and
immunocompromised persons. When
COVID-19 according to current understanding
diseases, risk factors for severe
currents are advanced age and
the presence of background diseases.

Mortality
with COVID-19 is probably higher than with
flu, especially seasonal flu.
The true mortality rate in
the present is not precisely defined,
however, reportedly mortality
(that is, the number of deaths attributed to
reported cases
diseases) fluctuates within
3-4%, and the proportion of deaths from infection (number
deceased, referred to the number of persons with
infectious diseases) below.Seasonal flu deaths usually
is at the level of up to 0.1%. However,
mortality to a large extent
depends on access to health care
and its quality.

Vaccination | CDC “Ultramed”

950 ₽

Vaccination against “influenza”

Vaccination against influenza Flu M “with a visit to the company (prepayment)

Vaccination against poliomyelitis with the vaccine “Poliorix”	520 ₽
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis with the vaccine “FSME-IMMUNE” Junior “	1 200 ₽
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis with the vaccine” Encepur “	1,050 ₽
Vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis 9050, hemofentaximilus 9050 ₽ 9050
Vaccination against hepatitis B with Angerix vaccine	600 ₽
Vaccination against pneumococcal infection with Prevenar vaccine	4,000 ₽
Vaccination8 against tick-borne encephalitis-
Vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polyoma ielitis, hemophilic infection, hepatitis B vaccine “Infanrix Hexa”	2 900 ₽
Vaccination against meningococcal infection.Menaktra (USA), vaccine	4 800 ₽
Vaccination against measles, mumps	350 ₽
Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis with ADASEL vaccine		measles, mumps and rubella vaccine “M-M-R II”	1,100 ₽
Vaccination against varicella with vaccine “Varilrix”	3,500 ₽
Vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, columnar	1,500 ₽
On-site vaccination against influenza with the Grippol vaccine	650 ₽
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis with the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine Encevir vaccine	900 ₽	900 ₽	900 ₽	“Entsevir” with a visit to the enterprise	1 100 ₽
Vaccination against influenza with the vaccine “Grippol”	530 ₽
Vaccination against influenza with the “Ultrix” vaccine	550 ₽
Vaccination against influenza with the “Ultrix” vaccine on-site	730 ₽
to the company	550 ₽
Influenza vaccination with Sovigripp vaccine	500 ₽
Influenza vaccination with Flu M vaccine (prepayment)	600 ₽	12
700 ₽

Popova told whether it is possible to get sick after vaccination

https: // ria.ru / 20201027 / vaktsina-1581831271.html

Popova told whether it is possible to get sick after vaccination

Popova told whether it is possible to get sick after vaccination – RIA Novosti, 10/27/2020

Popova told whether it is possible to get sick after vaccination Chapter Rospotrebnadzor Anna Popova said that any vaccine, including against the coronavirus infection COVID-19, protects against the severe development of the disease, but … RIA Novosti, 10/27/2020

2020-10-27T20: 14

2020-10- 27T20: 14

2020-10-27T20: 45

Coronavirus spread

Sputnik v vaccine

Coronavirus in Russia

Covid-19 coronavirus

Russia

Anna Popova

Health – Society 9000 / head / meta [@ name = ‘og: title’] / @ content

/ html / head / meta [@ name = ‘og: description’] / @ content

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MOSCOW, October 27 – RIA Novosti. The head of Rospotrebnadzor Anna Popova said that any vaccine, including against the coronavirus infection COVID-19, protects against the severe development of the disease, but there is no guarantee that there will be no mild form of the disease. , you can not expect that after vaccination you will never get sick again – you need to protect yourself.No vaccine or manufacturer can guarantee that when faced with a virus, especially a weakened immune system, it will not respond with a mild form of illness, she added.

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Sputnik v vaccine, coronavirus in russia, covid-19 coronavirus, russia, anna popova, health – society

90,000 Russian scientists have developed a new substance against the influenza virus based on natural compounds

Scientists from the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry named after N.N. Vorozhtsov of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk State University and the Research Institute of Influenza in St. Petersburg have developed a new product of a wide spectrum of antiviral activity, which is based on natural compounds: terpenes and terpenoids. The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) and published in journals such as the European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal of Chromatography B, and Antiviral Research.

As part of the work on the grant of the Russian Science Foundation, the head of which is a professor at the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry named after N.N. Vorozhtsov SB RAS Nariman Salakhutdinov , scientists for the first time proposed systematic studies aimed at creating new agents against influenza virus of various structural types based on mono- and diterpenoids. The researchers obtained large libraries of compounds based on camphor and borneol and conducted a study of the antiviral activity of all synthesized substances, as a result of which the so-called leader compounds were identified.

“We have shown that the product of the interaction of two available compounds of camphor and aminoethanol, which we named camfecine, has a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. Thus, the substance turned out to be active against strains of influenza type A virus (h2N1 (swine), h4N2 (Hong Kong), H5N2 (avian)) and type B virus, “said one of the authors of the article, senior researcher at the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS Olga Yarovaya .

Influenza virus / Olga Yarovaya

The study involved not only chemists, but also virologists, analysts and pharmacologists.Scientists have conducted experiments to study antiviral activity in animals. Thus, the high efficiency of this compound was shown, comparable to the drug oseltamivir, one of the two anti-influenza drugs recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, unlike oseltamivir, it is assumed that the created compounds work at the first stages of the replication of the influenza virus – at the stage of the attachment of the virus to the cell. As a result of the conducted ultrastructural studies, it was shown that the main mechanism of the antiviral action of camphor is inhibition of the membrane fusion process, which further leads to inhibition of viral morphogenesis and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the level of viral reproduction.

In order for the new molecule to be able to become a drug in the future, it is necessary, in addition to fundamental research, to develop a technological method for the synthesis of the target compound and highly sensitive methods for detecting this agent in a biological environment: in blood plasma, in whole blood or urine – and completely control them. It is also necessary to study the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of this substance in animals, to identify which route of administration is the most effective, to conduct extensive preclinical studies of this substance.

Structural formula of camfetsin / Olga Yarovaya

Despite the fact that natural compounds and their derivatives are widely used for the search for new antiviral agents, including those against the influenza virus, only a few examples of the successful use of terpenes as basic molecules for the development of such agents are currently described.

Structural formula of camfetsin / Source: Olga Yarovaya

“Of course, our work has further prospects for practical application.At the moment, we are developing an inhalation and intranasal form of administration of our most active compound, camfetzin, and we hope to conduct the first stage of clinical trials, ”concluded Olga Yarovaya.

Sources

Russian scientists have developed a new agent against influenza virus based on natural compounds
– Indicator (indicator.ru), 09/03/2017

Russian scientists have developed a new substance against influenza virus
– Science and Technology of Russia (strf.ru), 03/09/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a cure for influenza based on camphor
– Russian Science Foundation (rnf.rf), 09/03/2017

Russian scientists have created a cure for influenza from camphor
– [email protected], 09/03/2017

Russian scientists have created a cure for influenza from camphor
– Economy today (rueconomics.ru), 03/09/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a camphor-based cure for influenza
– Moscow.ru (mockva.ru), 03/09/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a camphor-based cure for influenza
– [email protected], 09/03/2017

Russian scientists have developed a new agent against influenza virus based on natural compounds
– [email protected], 09/03/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a cure for influenza based on camphor
– RIA Novosti, 09/03/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a camphor-based cure for influenza
– Ecoinform (ecoinform.ru), 03/09/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a cure for influenza based on camphor
– Profi-news.ru, 09/03/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a cure for influenza based on camphor – news for today 03/09/2017
– News2world.net, 03/09/2017

Siberian scientists in search of a cure for influenza turned to compounds based on camphor
– Siberian News Agency (tomsk.sibnovosti.ru), 03/10/2017

Siberian chemists have developed a drug against influenza based on camphor, wormwood and conifers
– Baikal 24 # Science (baikal24-nauka.ru), 03/10/2017

Russian scientists have developed a new substance against influenza virus based on natural compounds
– News of Siberian Science (sib-science.info), 03/10/2017

Camfetzin is a new broad spectrum antiviral agent from Russia
– livejournal.com, 03/10/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a cure for influenza based on camphor
– Novosibirsk News (nscn.ru), 03/09/2017

Russian scientists have developed a new agent against influenza virus based on natural compounds
– Nanonewsnet.ru, 03/09/2017

Scientists have developed a new agent against influenza virus based on natural compounds
– Gazeta.Ru, 09/03/2017

Russian scientists have found a remedy against influenza in wormwood and needles
– Public control (ok-inform.ru), 03/09/2017

Siberian chemists have created a cure for influenza based on camphor
– NIA Khakassia (19rus.ru), 03/10/2017

Siberian scientists have created a cure for the Hong Kong flu
– YourGorod.ru (vashgorod.ru), 10/03/2017

Siberian scientists have created a new broad-spectrum antiviral drug
– Sibmeda.ru, 03/10/2017

Russian scientists have developed a new agent against influenza virus based on natural compounds
– Russian Academy of Sciences (ras.ru), 03/10/2017

Yarovaya and colleagues found a universal cure for influenza
– Altapress.ru, 03/10/2017

Russian scientists have created a cure for influenza based on camphor
– IA Tatar-inform (tatar-inform.ru), 03/13/2017

Chemists have developed a new camphor-based flu drug
– Aspekty.net, 03/12/2017

Russian scientists have developed a new agent against influenza virus based on natural compounds Scientists from the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry named after N.N. Vorozhtsov of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk State University and the Research Institute of Influenza in St. Petersburg have developed a new product of a wide spectrum of antiviral activity, which is based on natural compounds: terpenes and terpenoids.
– Polpred.com, 12/03/2017

Camfetzin – a new broad spectrum antiviral agent from Russia
– 21 regions (21region.org), 11/03/2017

A new agent against influenza virus
– Scientific Russia (scientificrussia.ru), 21/03/2017

Chemists from Siberia have created a cure for influenza based on camphor
– Nanonewsnet.ru, 03/21/2017

Siberian scientists have created a new effective antiviral agent camfecine
– the Agency for Innovation and Development (innoros.ru), 20/04/2017 90 795 90 000 Influenza vaccination for children: pros and cons

Influenza vaccination for children: pros and cons

For the first time, an influenza epidemic was described back in 1580, and since then this infectious disease has been spreading across the planet by leaps and bounds. Children are the most vulnerable group of the population. Every year new names of virus carriers appear, which claim hundreds of thousands of lives. Influenza vaccination for children is always a controversial issue. Parents are concerned: will vaccination help to protect the child from a viral agent, or, conversely, will harm the beloved child.In this article, we will try to give a complete description of this disease and, if possible, decide on the question: is it worth getting a flu shot for a child?

What is the vaccine for?

Due to the fact that the child’s immune system is not fully formed, and children are not protected from numerous infections, as well as from the flu, vaccination will be an effective way to strengthen the immune system. The danger of the influenza virus lies precisely in its complications. Children may react differently to the flu shot.The next day after vaccination, depending on all sorts of physiological factors, including hereditary ones, the following changes can be observed:

• the child may have a fever;
• as a result of rejection, headaches, nausea and vomiting may occur;
• The baby’s reaction to vaccination can cause tearfulness and / or general malaise, lethargy, rapid fatigue, and so on.

All this is a natural reaction, and in a day your child will again be mobile and cheerful.In a word, tolerance is a purely individual quality of an organism. Depending on the preparedness of your baby for physical activity, according to age, the reaction may differ.

What is the danger of influenza?

However, not all parents are aware of the insidiousness of this viral disease. In the epidemiological season, the influenza virus increases mortality among the population at times. The most common causes of death from complications are pathological disorders of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which are rapidly developing as a result of a viral lesion.A severe course of influenza can cause various inflammatory processes in children:

• pneumonia;
• bronchitis;
• encephalitis;
• convulsions;
• meningitis and so on.

When to vaccinate: doctor’s recommendations

According to the World Health Organization, the safest vaccination against influenza is six months of age. Until this age, it is recommended to vaccinate all adults in contact with the baby, so that they do not become a source of infection.
It becomes obvious that the smaller the child, the greater the risk of complications in case of influenza infection. However, this postulate should not relax parents, since the risks persist up to 5-6 years. That is why the entire global health community is concerned about this factor. It is recommended to vaccinate the child annually. In addition, if a child shows various pathological abnormalities, such as:

• bronchial asthma;
• cardiac pathology;
• diabetes mellitus;
• functional disorders of the kidneys, lungs and other organs of vital activity, then vaccination is extremely necessary and vitally justified.

How is the flu shot given?

October is considered the optimal month of the year for vaccinations. This month was not chosen by chance, since the anti-influenza immune defense in the child’s body will begin to develop only 14 days later, on the eve of the transition to winter. It is strictly forbidden to vaccinate a child during any colds. Only when the temperature returns to normal, the cough and / or runny nose will pass, you can proceed to the prevention of influenza. The dosage of the drugs depends on the age of the child:

• 0.25 ml of vaccine is administered up to three years;
• 0.5 ml of vaccine after 3 years of age.

One vaccination is not enough for the first vaccination. This is because a single vaccine is unable to fully protect the immune system. Therefore, it should be vaccinated twice. In the future, there will be no such need. Until old age, you can be vaccinated once a year. The injection is given intramuscularly – into the patient’s shoulder or thigh. Compatibility with other types of vaccinations has no contraindications. If the child is sensitive to allergens, then the doctor should be notified about this.It is worth recalling that the flu vaccine is obtained from the protein of a chicken egg. The only negative is the incompatibility of the influenza vaccine and the yellow fever vaccine, as well as BCG. All the necessary information about contraindications, taking into account the individual characteristics of your child, the medical worker must inform the parents. Only after the consent of the next of kin can the child be vaccinated.

What do you need to know about influenza after vaccination?

Side effects after injection are very rare, however, you should be aware of them, and, if they occur, be prepared to repel them.Flu-like symptoms can be expressed in body weakness, headaches and / or muscle pains, and an increase in body temperature. You need to know that the flu spreads from person to person. Airborne droplets are the most common transmission of infection. Sneezing, coughing – all this is the transmission of the flu. Therefore, during the period of infection with a virus, a patient, including a child, should protect the child from all kinds of contact with peers.

Grippol vaccination

This adjuvant subunit pharmacological product was developed at the Institute of Immunology in 1995 and was intended for prophylactic influenza vaccination.The project was supervised by Professor A. Nekrasov. Serial production began in 1996 at the Ufa State Pharmaceutical Enterprise “Immunopreparat”. After ten years of use, the successfully proven influenza vaccine was included in the National Health Project. Today this pharmacological preparation has three types of vaccines:

• “Grippol Neo” – has been in service with epidemiologists since 2009. Now this pharmacological product is used quite rarely, and soon, perhaps, it will be discontinued.
• Grippol Plus is the most advanced influenza vaccine. The main advantage of the drug is the absence of synthetic preservatives.
• “Grippol” is the standard antiviral vaccine.

Vaccination “Gripol Plus” for children: doctors’ reviews have only positive characteristics, since the tolerance of the vaccine in children does not cause any special contraindications and is recommended by the Russian Ministry of Health.

How to avoid getting the flu?

In addition to injection measures, it is necessary to independently monitor the state of the child’s body.Particular attention should be paid during the off-season, when the peak of colds and viral diseases comes. It is worth recalling that influenza feels comfortable in an unprotected immune environment. Therefore, in the prevention of influenza, it is very important to be prepared for the attacks of pathogenic microbes.
There are many different prophylactic pharmacological agents: nasal drops, ointments, gels, which can be purchased in the pharmacy network. Of the most popular we can recommend:

• Viferon.Excellent antiviral agent. Recommended for children from one year old. Available in the form of a gel;
• Oxolinic ointment. It is highly recommended to use this medication before visiting public places. It is necessary to apply a couple of swabs on the child’s nasal mucosa and the likelihood of catching a viral infection is minimized.

Peach or Vaseline oil will be an excellent prophylaxis against influenza for the smallest children.

Among the prophylactic drops in the nose, influenza and aquamaris can be recommended.