How long do multivitamins take to work. What are the potential side effects of taking multivitamins. When should you be concerned about multivitamin use. How do multivitamins affect different age groups. What nutrients in multivitamins require caution.

The Prevalence and Purpose of Multivitamin Supplementation

Multivitamins have become a staple in many households, with approximately one-third of adults in the United States regularly incorporating them into their daily routines. The reasons for this widespread use are varied, but primarily center around health maintenance, deficiency prevention, and nutritional gap-filling.

While multivitamins are generally regarded as safe and can be purchased without a prescription, it’s crucial to understand that they are not entirely risk-free. This article delves into the potential concerns associated with multivitamin use, exploring their effects over time and identifying situations that may warrant caution.

Essential Nutrients and the Role of Multivitamins

The human body requires a complex array of nutrients to function optimally. This includes at least 13 vitamins and 16 minerals that must be consumed regularly. While a well-balanced diet remains the gold standard for obtaining these nutrients, multivitamins can serve as a valuable alternative for those struggling to meet their nutritional needs through diet alone.

Are multivitamins always necessary? For individuals with a diverse and nutrient-rich diet, supplementation may not be essential. However, certain populations, such as those with restricted diets, older adults, or individuals with specific health conditions, may benefit from multivitamin supplementation under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Safety and Side Effects of Multivitamin Use

Multivitamins that adhere to the daily Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are generally considered safe and well-tolerated. However, some individuals may experience side effects, particularly when first starting a multivitamin regimen.

Common Side Effects

• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Upset stomach
• Nausea

These gastrointestinal symptoms are typically mild and transient, often resolving as the body adjusts to the supplement. If symptoms persist, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider for guidance.

Rare Side Effects

• Headaches
• Nosebleeds
• Insomnia
• Gout

These less common side effects are more likely to occur when nutrient doses exceed the daily safe upper limit (UL). Individuals who combine multivitamins with other supplements or consume significant amounts of fortified foods may be at increased risk of exceeding these limits.

Can multivitamins cause allergic reactions? While extremely rare, severe allergic reactions to certain multivitamins can occur. Symptoms such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, tongue, lips, or throat require immediate medical attention.

Multivitamin Use in Infants and Children: Special Considerations

Children may experience similar side effects to adults when taking multivitamins, but often at much lower doses. This increased sensitivity puts children at a higher risk of nutrient overdoses, which can have serious consequences.

A recent study revealed that up to 65% of multivitamins marketed for infants and children contain nutrient levels above the safe upper limits for children. This is particularly concerning for vitamin A, folic acid, and zinc.

How can parents ensure safe multivitamin use in children? It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider before introducing any multivitamin supplement to a child’s regimen. This professional guidance can help prevent potential overdoses and ensure appropriate nutrient levels.

Regulation and Quality Control of Multivitamins

Unlike medications, the government does not regulate multivitamins as strictly. This regulatory gap can lead to discrepancies between the nutrient levels stated on the label and the actual content of the supplement.

Some multivitamins may contain nutrient levels that reach or exceed the daily upper limit, while others intentionally offer megadoses of certain nutrients, capitalizing on the misconception that more is always better.

How can consumers ensure they’re choosing a safe multivitamin? Look for products that have been third-party tested for quality and accuracy of labeling. Additionally, opt for multivitamins that provide nutrient levels close to the recommended daily intakes rather than those offering megadoses.

Nutrients of Concern in Multivitamins

Multivitamins typically contain three categories of nutrients: water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins, and minerals. While all nutrients can potentially cause side effects if consumed in excess, certain vitamins and minerals require particular attention.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins include the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. These vitamins are generally considered safe, even in large doses, as excess amounts are typically excreted in urine. However, extremely high doses can still cause side effects.

• Vitamin B3 (Niacin): High doses can cause skin flushing and, in rare cases, liver damage.
• Vitamin B6: Excessive intake may lead to nerve damage and skin lesions.
• Vitamin C: While generally safe, very high doses can cause digestive discomfort and increase the risk of kidney stones in susceptible individuals.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in the body’s fat tissues and liver. This storage capacity means they can accumulate over time, potentially leading to toxicity if consumed in excess.

• Vitamin A: Excessive intake can cause nausea, headaches, blurred vision, and in severe cases, liver damage.
• Vitamin D: While vitamin D toxicity is rare, extremely high doses can lead to hypercalcemia, causing kidney stones and calcification of blood vessels.
• Vitamin E: High doses may increase the risk of bleeding, especially in individuals taking blood-thinning medications.

Minerals

Certain minerals in multivitamins can be particularly concerning when consumed in excess:

• Iron: Excess iron can cause gastrointestinal distress and, in severe cases, iron toxicity.
• Calcium: High doses may increase the risk of kidney stones and interfere with the absorption of other minerals.
• Zinc: Excessive zinc intake can impair copper absorption and cause immune system dysfunction.

How can individuals minimize the risk of nutrient toxicity? It’s essential to choose a multivitamin that provides nutrients in amounts close to the recommended daily intakes. Additionally, consider your overall nutrient intake from diet and other supplements to avoid exceeding safe upper limits.

Timespan of Multivitamin Effects

The timeframe for experiencing the effects of multivitamins can vary widely depending on several factors, including an individual’s initial nutritional status, overall health, and the specific nutrients in question.

How long does it take for multivitamins to work? For individuals with significant nutrient deficiencies, some effects may be noticeable within a few weeks. These might include improved energy levels, enhanced mood, or stronger nails and hair. However, for those with adequate nutrient levels, the effects may be subtle or not immediately apparent.

It’s important to note that multivitamins are not a quick fix but rather a long-term strategy for maintaining optimal health. Consistent use over months or even years may be necessary to fully realize the potential benefits.

Short-Term Effects

Some nutrients in multivitamins may produce noticeable short-term effects:

• B-complex vitamins: May provide a quick energy boost due to their role in metabolism.
• Iron: Individuals with iron-deficiency anemia might notice increased energy within a few weeks of supplementation.
• Vitamin D: Those with severe deficiency might experience improved mood and reduced muscle pain within weeks to months.

Long-Term Effects

The long-term effects of multivitamin use are often more subtle and may include:

• Improved overall health and immune function
• Reduced risk of certain chronic diseases
• Better bone health (with adequate calcium and vitamin D)
• Potential cognitive benefits in older adults

Is it possible to experience immediate side effects from multivitamins? While most side effects develop gradually, some individuals may experience immediate reactions, particularly gastrointestinal discomfort. These effects are often temporary and may subside as the body adjusts to the supplement.

When to Be Concerned About Multivitamin Use

While multivitamins are generally safe for most people, there are situations where concern is warranted. It’s important to be vigilant and recognize signs that may indicate a problem.

Signs of Potential Toxicity

• Persistent gastrointestinal distress
• Unusual fatigue or weakness
• Skin changes, such as yellowing or excessive dryness
• Severe headaches or dizziness
• Changes in urination patterns or urine color

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to discontinue use of the multivitamin and consult a healthcare provider promptly.

High-Risk Populations

Certain groups should exercise extra caution when using multivitamins:

• Pregnant women: Some nutrients, such as vitamin A, can be harmful in high doses during pregnancy.
• Individuals with chronic health conditions: Certain medical conditions may alter nutrient metabolism or increase the risk of interactions.
• Those taking medications: Multivitamins can interact with various medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or increasing side effects.
• Smokers: Beta-carotene supplementation may increase lung cancer risk in smokers.

How can individuals in high-risk groups safely use multivitamins? It’s essential for these individuals to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation regimen. A professional can provide personalized advice based on individual health status and potential risks.

Optimizing Multivitamin Use for Maximum Benefit

To maximize the benefits of multivitamin supplementation while minimizing potential risks, consider the following strategies:

1. Choose a reputable brand: Look for multivitamins that have been third-party tested for quality and accuracy of labeling.
2. Tailor to your needs: Select a multivitamin formulated for your age, gender, and life stage.
3. Consider your diet: Assess your nutritional intake from food sources to avoid excessive supplementation.
4. Time it right: Some nutrients are better absorbed when taken with food, while others may be more effective on an empty stomach.
5. Be consistent: Regular, long-term use is typically necessary to realize the full benefits of multivitamin supplementation.
6. Monitor your health: Pay attention to any changes in your well-being and report concerns to a healthcare provider.

Can lifestyle factors influence the effectiveness of multivitamins? Absolutely. A healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management can enhance the benefits of multivitamin supplementation. Conversely, poor lifestyle choices may negate some of the potential benefits.

In conclusion, while multivitamins can be a valuable tool for maintaining optimal health, it’s crucial to approach their use thoughtfully and under appropriate guidance. By understanding the potential effects, both positive and negative, and knowing when to be concerned, individuals can make informed decisions about multivitamin supplementation as part of their overall health strategy.

Timespan and When to Be Concerned

Multivitamins are one of the most commonly used supplements in the United States — around one-third of adults currently take them (1).

People who take multivitamins often do so to improve or maintain their health, protect themselves against nutrient deficiencies, or simply make up for the odd nutrient gap in their diet (1).

You can purchase multivitamins without a prescription, and most people view them as safe, which might explain their popularity. Despite this, multivitamins are not risk-free.

This article discusses whether you should be concerned about taking multivitamins. It reviews the potential side effects of multivitamins and which ingredients may cause them.

Your body needs to consume at least 13 vitamins and 16 minerals regularly to function properly.

A well-balanced diet is the best way to obtain these nutrients. That said, multivitamins provide a good alternative source for those who are unable to meet their nutrient requirements through diet alone.

Multivitamins that provide up to 100% of the daily Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are generally considered safe and often free of side effects, as long as you take them as directed.

Nonetheless, some people may still experience a few side effects when taking multivitamins. Some side effects are more common than others (2, 3).

Common side effects

Certain side effects are more likely to occur than others when you’re taking multivitamins. These include (2, 3):

• constipation
• diarrhea
• upset stomach
• nausea

These gut-related side effects are generally minor and often temporary. They tend to disappear as your body gets used to taking the multivitamin.

Nevertheless, contact your healthcare provider for further assistance if your symptoms persist.

Rare side effects

Rarer side effects of multivitamins include (2, 3):

• headaches
• nosebleeds
• insomnia
• gout

These typically occur very infrequently, especially if the dosage of nutrients in your multivitamin does not exceed the daily safe upper limit (UL).

However, people who combine multivitamins with other supplements or eat significant amounts of fortified foods may exceed the UL for certain nutrients. This may increase their risk of side effects (4).

Food companies sometimes add nutrients to foods during the manufacturing process. These are fortified foods.

Some people may also experience severe allergic reactions to certain multivitamins, although this is very rare.

If you notice hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, tongue, lips, or throat after taking a multivitamin, seek emergency medical help immediately.

Side effects in infants and children

Side effects in children are similar to those that adults may experience. However, children are likely to experience them at much lower doses than adults.

In other words, children who take multivitamins may have a higher risk of consuming extremely high levels of nutrients, which can lead to nutrient overdoses and even death in severe cases.

Companies market many multivitamins specifically for infants and children. However, a recent study suggests that up to 65% of them contain nutrient levels above the safe upper limits (UL) for children (5).

This may explain why experts report that children who consume multivitamins have a high risk of exceeding the UL, particularly for vitamin A, folic acid, and zinc (4).

Giving your child an iron-containing multivitamin when they don’t need it may also cause them to overdose on iron. Scientists consider this to be a lead cause of poisoning in children 6 years old and under (4).

To reduce the risk of side effects or toxic overdoses, make sure to consult your healthcare provider before giving your child a multivitamin.

Summary

Multivitamins are generally safe as long as they provide nutrient levels that fall within the DRI guidelines. Some people experience gut-related side effects when they first start taking a multivitamin, but these usually resolve quickly. Other side effects are rare.

The National Institutes of Health asserts that multivitamins providing nutrient levels that fall close to their DRI shouldn’t cause serious side effects. However, it’s important to note that the government doesn’t regulate multivitamins in the same way as it does medications (4).

This means there’s a risk that a multivitamin could contain higher levels of nutrients than its label states. Nutrient levels in some multivitamins may sometimes even reach or exceed the daily UL.

Others offer megadoses of certain nutrients that purposefully exceed the UL recommendations, capitalizing on some people’s belief that the more nutrients you ingest, the better the health effects.

Megadoses of some nutrients may not be particularly harmful, but extremely high doses of certain nutrients can seriously harm your health (4).

Nutrients to watch out for

Multivitamins generally contain three categories of nutrients:

• Water-soluble vitamins. These can dissolve in water and don’t usually accumulate in the body nor cause severe side effects if you take them in excess (e.g., B vitamins, vitamin C).
• Fat-soluble vitamins. These dissolve in fat and accumulate in the body, reaching toxic levels and potentially causing havoc if you take them in excess (e.g., vitamins A, D, E, and K).
• Minerals. These are inorganic elements that can accumulate in the body and sometimes cause harmful effects if you take them in excess (e.g., iron, iodine, zinc, copper, and selenium).

Some of these cause more side effects at higher dosages than others. The sections below highlight the nutrients from each category that may be particularly harmful if you take them at high doses.

Water-soluble vitamins

Excess intakes of water-soluble vitamins don’t typically cause severe side effects, even when intakes are close to the UL.

This is because your body tends to flush out excess intakes of these vitamins through your urine. Still, intakes that are several times over the UL may result in a variety of issues.

For instance, vitamin C intakes that are three times larger than the UL may cause cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or migraines (6, 7).

Excess vitamin B3, also known as niacin, starting from intakes three times above the current UL may result in stomach pain, high blood pressure, vision problems, and liver damage (8).

Similarly, taking vitamin B6 at 10 times above the UL over the long term has been linked to skin lesions, light sensitivity, heartburn, and neurological problems (9).

Finally, excess intakes of vitamin B9, also known as folic acid, may weaken the immune system, cause neurological problems, and mask a severe vitamin B12 deficiency (10).

Fat-soluble vitamins

Multivitamins that offer large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins can be harmful, as excess levels of these vitamins can build up in the body.

For instance, excess intakes of vitamin A may cause headaches, liver damage, weaker bones, and birth defects (11).

Smokers and former smokers may especially benefit from avoiding multivitamins containing high amounts of vitamin A or beta carotene, which the body can convert into vitamin A. Getting too much of these nutrients may increase the risk of lung cancer (1, 4, 11).

Similarly, taking too much vitamin D, either due to manufacturing errors or taking an inappropriately high dosage, may result in nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, cognitive problems, heart problems, kidney failure, and even death in severe cases (12).

Moreover, excess amounts of vitamin E may result in bleeding, diarrhea, weakness, blurred vision, and fertility problems (1, 13).

As for vitamin K, research has not found excessive intakes to cause too many problems. However, this vitamin can interact with various medications, including antibiotics and blood thinners.

People currently taking medications should let their healthcare provider know if they’re taking a multivitamin containing vitamin K (14).

Minerals

Like fat-soluble vitamins, minerals can accumulate in the body if you take them in excess, possibly causing harmful effects.

For instance, overly high intakes of certain minerals, such as iron, copper, magnesium, and zinc, can cause stomach upset, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and headaches (4, 15, 16, 17, 18).

Excess iron intake is particularly harmful because it may also cause liver problems.

For this reason, authorities advise adult men and postmenopausal women to avoid taking multivitamins that contain 18 mg of iron or more unless their healthcare provider advises them to do so (19).

Multivitamins containing high levels of iron, copper, and zinc may also prevent the body from absorbing other nutrients you consume (15, 16, 17).

Multivitamins containing too much iodine can cause thyroid problems. On the other hand, those with too much selenium may cause garlic-like breath, hair loss, brittle nails, or a metallic taste in the mouth (20, 21).

Selenium intakes above the UL may also cause severe neurological symptoms, kidney failure, and heart issues (21).

DRIs and ULs for each nutrient of concern

Most of the side effects mentioned in this article occur after a person consumes nutrient amounts that exceed the current upper levels (ULs).

Every nutrient has a UL at which scientists believe it becomes toxic. Exceeding a nutrient’s UL can lead to an overdose and severe side effects, such as liver damage and even death.

The following chart outlines both the DRI and UL for each nutrient of concern for adults.

Specific recommendations for infants and children vary widely based on their age. You can find more information in these exhaustive nutrient tables (22).

	DRI for adult men	DRI for adult women	UL
Vitamin A	900 mcg retinol activity equivalents (RAE)	700 mcg RAE	3,000 international units (IU)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)	16 mg niacin equivalents (NE)	14 mg NE	35 mg*
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)	1. 3 mg	1.3 mg	100 mg
Vitamin B9 (folate)	400 mcg dietary folate equivalents (DFE)	400 mcg DFE	1,000 mcg*
Vitamin C	90 mg	75 mg	2,000 mg
Vitamin D	600 IU	600 IU	4,000 IU
Vitamin E	15 mg	15 mg	1,000 mg*
Vitamin K	120 mcg	90 mcg	No UL established
Copper	900 mcg	900 mcg	10,000 mcg
Iodine	150 mcg	150 mcg	1,100 mcg
Iron	10 mg	18 mg	45 mg
Magnesium	420 mg	320 mg	350 mg*
Selenium	55 mcg	55 mcg	400 mcg
Zinc	11 mg	8 mg	40 mg

*Applies only to synthetic forms from supplements, fortified foods, or a
combination of the two.

It’s important to note that there’s no DRI available for folic acid, the synthetic form of vitamin B9 that you can find in multivitamins.

The form of vitamin B9 in the table above is called folate, and you can get it from natural sources — not multivitamins.

However, studies have found that dosages of the synthetic folic acid of more than 1,000 mcg per day may be associated with a range of negative health consequences in several populations (23, 24, 25).

Currently, researchers don’t fully understand the effects and safety of long-term intakes of vitamin or mineral dosages that fall between the DRI and UL. Therefore, scientists need to do more research on this topic.

Until more is known, it’s likely safest to avoid supplements that offer nutrient levels that exceed their DRIs.

Summary

Consuming multivitamins that contain nutrient levels exceeding the daily UL may result in an array of side effects. Scientists need to conduct more research to evaluate the effects of nutrient intakes that fall between the DRI and UL.

Multivitamins may also become contaminated with harmful compounds, such as arsenic or lead (26, 27).

When you ingest these harmful compounds in large amounts or over a longer period of time, they may cause a variety of health issues, including physical, muscular, and neurological problems, as well as birth defects (26, 28).

It’s impossible to identify whether a multivitamin contains these harmful compounds by looking at its label alone.

However, some manufacturers opt to get their supplements verified by third-party labs, which can confirm whether they’re free of contaminants and that they truly contain what the label states.

Some examples of independent supplement testing companies include ConsumerLab, NSF International, and U.S. Pharmacopeia.

Summary

Multivitamins can become contaminated with harmful compounds, such as arsenic or lead. To minimize this risk, consider choosing multivitamins that a third-party lab has independently tested.

Depending on the nutrient and its dosage, some side effects may occur very quickly, while others may take a longer time to develop (11).

For instance, taking a very high dose of one or multiple nutrients may cause gut symptoms that generally develop shortly after taking the supplement (15, 16, 17).

However, more severe side effects may develop over time as excess amounts of nutrients or unwanted contaminants gradually accumulate in the body. These longer-term side effects may include birth defects and liver, heart, and cognitive issues (11, 20, 21, 27, 28).

If you think you’re experiencing any side effects, make sure to bring them up with your healthcare provider as promptly as possible.

Summary

The speed at which you may experience side effects depends on the type and dosage of nutrient you consumed. Make sure to discuss any side effects with your healthcare provider as soon as you notice them.

Multivitamins can be helpful for those who are unable to reach their daily nutrient needs through diet alone.

However, multivitamins cannot replace a balanced diet, and taking them in high amounts may result in side effects ranging from mild stomach upset to severe liver and heart problems.

Like many supplements, multivitamins are not strictly regulated and may contain much higher levels of nutrients than the label states. Depending on the nutrient, this will influence the speed and severity at which you may experience side effects.

You can minimize your risk by only taking multivitamins when you truly need them. Opt for ones that contain nutrient levels close to the current DRIs and have been tested by a third-party lab.

Multivitamins Uses, Side Effects & Warnings

Generic name: multivitamins [ MUL-tee-VYE-ta-mins ]
Brand names: Berocca, Primaplex, Becomject-100, M.V.I.-12, Nephplex Rx,
… show all 306 brands
Nephrocaps, B-Ject 100, Therobec, B-Plex, Formula B, Vitaplex, Tri-Vi-Sol, Vi-Daylin ADC, Nephro-Vite Rx, Lipogen, Lipotriad, Lipoflavonoid, Cholinoid, Liponol, Bee-Comp with C, Cholidase, Cota-B-Plex, 1000 BC, Neurodep, Neuroforte-Six, M. V.I. Pediatric, B-Plex Plus, Nephrolan Rx, Zymacap, Vi-Daylin, Poly-Vi-Sol, Dayalets, Sigtab, Therems, StressTabs, Allbee-C 800, Cefol, Cod Liver Oil, Daily Multiple Vitamins, Daily Vite, Protegra, Sesame St. Vitamins with Extra C, Surbex-T, Theragran, Superplex-T, Vi-Stress, Cod Liver Oil Mint, Animal Shape Vitamins, B-50 Complex, B-Complex 50, Vitamin B Complex 100, Balanced B-100, B-Stress, B-Scorbic, Bee with C, Children’s Chewable Multivitamins, Balanced B-50, Balanced B-150, Unicap Capsule, Unicap Jr., Unicap, Optilets-500, Super Plenamins, Vitamins for Hair, Tab-A-Vite, One-A-Day Essentials, Essential Balance, Vi-Daylin Chewable, Sunkist Child Chewable with C, Sunkist Child Chewable, Poly-Vi-Sol Chewable, Fruity Chew, Poly-Vit Chew, Chewable-Vite, Flintstones Multivitamins, Bugs Bunny with Extra C, Flintstones with C Multivitamins, Bounty Bear Vitamins, Garfield Vitamins, Vi-Daylin Drops, Poly-Vi-Sol Drops, Baby Vitamin Drop, Vita Drop, Poly Vit Drops, M.V.C. SDV, Glutofac, Nephro-Vite, Vitabee with C, Stress B with C, High Potency B+C, Farbee with C, Surbex with C, Super B Complex, Surbex, Vitamin B-50, Vitamin B-100, Vitamin B-100 T/R, Hexavitamin, Kenwood Therapeutic, Thera, Theravite, Thera-Plus, Oncovite, Beminal-500, High Potency B Complex with B12 and C, Super B-50, Super B-100 TD, Tri-Vit Drops, Stress Formula, One Tab Daily, Vitamin C, E, and Rose Hips, Scotts Emulsion, Stress Formula 600, Tri-Vit, B Complex 50, Mega B, Apatate, T-Vites, High B Complex, Theragenerix, Cernevit, Cardiotek, B-12 Plus Folic Acid, Beminal, Beminal with C Fortis, Bugs Bunny Multiple Vitamins, Fletanol, Male Formula, Allbee with C, Prevital, Surbex Filmtab, T-BMP, Tender Age Vitamin ADC, Watkins Harvest, Foltx, Folgard Rx 2. 2, Cernevit-12, Infuvite, Infuvite Pediatric, Diatx, Vitamin A, D, One-A-Day 50+, Thex Forte, Protegra Cardio, Vitamin Daily Liquid, Rena-Vite Rx, Renal Caps, Renaphro, Cerefolin, Dialyvite Rx, Dialyvite 800, Vesselvite, Folbee Plus, Folbee, Folcaps, Combgen, Abidec, Unichem Multivitamin, Topfit Vitamin B Complex, Topfit Vitamin B Complex Forte, Vitamin B Compound Strong, Health Aid Multivitamin, Vitamins, Essentiale, Jetepar, Neurobion, Vitamin A and D Concentrate, Centrum 8400, M.V.I. Adult, Nephronex, Foltrate, Cardiotek Rx, Folbic, Metanx, D-400 international units, Folbalin Plus, Folbalin, Multi Vits with Beta Carotene, Foltabs 800, Folgard RX, B-Complex with B-12, FaBB, CerefolinNAC, Folamin, DexFol, One-A-Day Men’s Health Formula, Rena-Vite, Equaline One Daily Essential, Daily-Vite Men’s Formula, Folplex, Folmor, Zycose, Biotin Forte, Vigomar Forte, Vimar, Multi-Delyn, Foleve Plus, Folnate, Folnate Plus, Foleve, B 100 Complex, Renatabs, AllanTex, Cardiotek-Rx, NuFol, Folplex 2.2, Reno Caps, Ivites Rx, TL Gard, Vita-Respa, Folast, Triphrocaps, Enfolast-N, Enfolast, Neurpath-B, Triveen-CF, Rovin-CF, Vol-Care Rx, Nephrocaps QT, B-Complex SR, Apetigen, L-methylfolate Ca, Me-Cbl NAC, L-methylfolate Ca, P-5-P, Me-Cbl, MTX Support, Menopause Relief with Lifenol, Vitacirc-B, Alz-Nac, Tri-Vita Drops, Poly-Vita Drops, Prostate 2. 4, Apetex, Folastin, Folbee AR, Metafolbic, Metafolbic Plus, Foltanx, Virt-Vite Forte, Virt-Vite, Foltanx RF, Folbic RF, One Daily Multi-Essential, Flintstones Toddler, Full Spectrum B with C, Metafolbic Plus RF, PoDiaPN, Super Theravite-M, Nature’s Bounty Hair Skin and Nails, Total B with C, Hair, Skin, and Nails Gummies, Concentrated Whole Food Multivitamin, Niva-Fol, Glycogenics, SeroSyn, Virt-Vite Plus, Rheumate, Folinic-Plus, Allbee Plus, Av-VITE FB Forte, Celebrate B-12, Virt-Gard, Mebolic, DEKAs Essential, Multi Vitamin+, Xyzbac, Nufola, Folika-T, Hylavite, K2 Plus D3, Dosoquin, VP-Vite Rx, Genicin Vita-S, Genicin Vita-Q, Zyvit, Folika-V, Tobakient, Renal Vitamin, Folic-K, LorMate, Poly-Vite Drops, WesTab Mini, Flintstones Gummies Plus Immunity Support Children’s Multiv, Flintstones Gummies Complete Children’s Multivitamin, Neuriva Brain performance Plus, WesTab One, WesTab Max, Wescaps, Norwegian Cod Liver Oil With EPA and DHA, Folate Forte, Ristela, K-Right, Carotenall, B Activ, Natrol L-Arginine, Mood Positive 5-HTP Mood and Stress, Olly Undeniable Beauty Hair Skin and Nails Gummy, Methyl Protect, Vitafusion Elderberry Gummies, Davimet

Dosage forms: oral capsule (Lipotropic with Multivitamins; Multiple Vitamins; Multiple Vitamins with Folic Acid and Antioxidants; Therapeutic Multiple Vitamins; Vitamin A and D; Vitamin A, D, E and K; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Complex with C; Vitamin B Complex with C and Folic Acid; Vitamin C and E),
. .. show all 10 dosage forms
oral gum (Multiple Vitamins), oral liquid (Multiple Vitamins; Pediatric Multiple Vitamins; Therapeutic Multiple Vitamins; Vitamin A and D; Vitamin A, D and C; Vitamin B Complex), oral oil (Vitamin A and D), oral solution (Vitamin A, D, E and K), oral tablet (Lipotropic with Multivitamins; Multiple Vitamins; Multiple Vitamins with Folic Acid and Ubiquinone; Therapeutic Multiple Vitamins; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Complex with C; Vitamin B Complex with C and Folic Acid; Vitamin B Complex with Folic Acid; Vitamin B12, Folate, and Acetylcysteine; Vitamin B6, B12 and Folate; Vitamin D and K), oral tablet, chewable (Multiple Vitamins), oral tablet, dispersible (Multiple Vitamins), oral tablet, extended release (Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Complex with C), sublingual tablet (Vitamin B12 with Folic Acid)

Drug class: Vitamin and mineral combinations

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Jan 12, 2023. Written by Cerner Multum.

What is a multivitamin?

Multivitamins are a combination of many different vitamins that are normally found in foods and other natural sources.

Multivitamins are used to provide vitamins that are not taken in through the diet. Multivitamins are also used to treat vitamin deficiencies (lack of vitamins) caused by illness, pregnancy, poor nutrition, digestive disorders, and many other conditions.

Multivitamins may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Warnings

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of multivitamins. An overdose of vitamins A, D, E, or K can cause serious or life-threatening side effects. Certain minerals contained in a multivitamin may also cause serious overdose symptoms if you take too much.

Before taking this medicine

Many vitamins can cause serious or life-threatening side effects if taken in large doses. Do not take more of this medicine than directed on the label or prescribed by your doctor.

Before you use multivitamins, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions and allergies.

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy. Some vitamins and minerals can harm an unborn baby if taken in large doses. You may need to use a prenatal vitamin specially formulated for pregnant women.

How should I take multivitamins?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor.

Never take more than the recommended dose of a multivitamin. Avoid taking more than one multivitamin product at the same time unless your doctor tells you to. Taking similar vitamin products together can result in a vitamin overdose or serious side effects.

Many multivitamin products also contain minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining, increased urination, stomach bleeding, uneven heart rate, confusion, and muscle weakness or limp feeling. Read the label of any multivitamin product you take to make sure you are aware of what it contains.

Take your multivitamin with a full glass of water.

You must chew the chewable tablet before you swallow it.

Place the sublingual tablet under your tongue and allow it to dissolve completely. Do not chew a sublingual tablet or swallow it whole.

Measure liquid medicine carefully. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon).

Use multivitamins regularly to get the most benefit.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not freeze.

Store multivitamins in their original container. Storing multivitamins in a glass container can ruin the medication.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of vitamins A, D, E, or K can cause serious or life-threatening side effects. Certain minerals may also cause serious overdose symptoms if you take too much.

Overdose symptoms may include stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite, hair loss, peeling skin, tingly feeling in or around your mouth, changes in menstrual periods, weight loss, severe headache, muscle or joint pain, severe back pain, blood in your urine, pale skin, and easy bruising or bleeding.

What should I avoid while taking multivitamins?

Avoid taking more than one multivitamin product at the same time unless your doctor tells you to. Taking similar vitamin products together can result in a vitamin overdose or serious side effects.

Avoid the regular use of salt substitutes in your diet if your multivitamin contains potassium. If you are on a low-salt diet, ask your doctor before taking a vitamin or mineral supplement.

Do not take multivitamins with milk, other dairy products, calcium supplements, or antacids that contain calcium. Calcium may make it harder for your body to absorb certain ingredients of the multivitamin.

Multivitamins side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

When taken as directed, multivitamins are not expected to cause serious side effects. Common side effects may include:

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect multivitamins?

Multivitamins can interact with certain medications, or affect how medications work in your body. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to use multivitamins if you are also using:

• tretinoin or isotretinoin;

• an antacid;

• an antibiotic;

• a diuretic or “water pill”;

• heart or blood pressure medications;

• a sulfa drug; or

• NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)–ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), celecoxib, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others.

This list is not complete. Other drugs may affect multivitamins, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible drug interactions are listed here.

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Multivitamins: is there any benefit from them, or is it a waste of money?

June 21, 2021

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Half of American adults and 70% of those over 65 regularly take multivitamin and mineral supplements, spending about $12 billion a year on them.

It would be better to spend it on healthy foods that contain all the vitamins and minerals that a person needs in a natural form, such as vegetables and fruits, whole grains and low-fat dairy products, say Johns Hopkins University experts.

• Why vitamin supplements don’t work and can be deadly
• “Vitamin drips” in schools and hairdressers. Why are they dangerous?
• Scientists: multivitamins are not needed during pregnancy

Multivitamins (or multivitamins) are preparations containing several vitamins, sometimes together with trace elements, in one capsule.

In an editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine entitled “Enough: Stop Throwing Money on Multivitamin and Mineral Supplements,” they reported on the results of three studies they conducted. Here are the main findings:

• Analysis of 450 thousand people shows that multivitamins do not reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer
• Follow-up of 5947 men over 12 years showed that they do not reduce the risk of cognitive and memory degradation
• Among 1708 people heart attack survivors, of whom one group took high doses of multivitamins for 55 months, and the other placebo, the number of repeated heart attacks, heart operations and deaths was about the same

Researchers have also found that vitamin E and beta-carotene supplements can be harmful, especially at high doses.

“Pills are not a shortcut to health and chronic disease prevention,” says Larry Appel, director of the Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins University. and salt.”

The exception is folic acid supplements for women of childbearing age, he points out. “Folic acid prevents neural tube defects in babies if the mother takes it before and in early pregnancy. Therefore, a multivitamin is recommended for young women.”

The Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research advises all women of reproductive age to take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily. The iron found in multivitamins can also be good for them, adds Larry Appel.

“I don’t recommend anything else,” he says. “If you eat a healthy diet, you’ll get all the vitamins and minerals you need from food.”

M.D. diet

Image copyright, Getty Images

“I don’t take any supplements,” said Larry Appel. for dinner”.

“Skim milk and yogurt contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, so I have whole grain porridge with milk for breakfast several times a week and often eat yogurt.”

“At home, we usually have fish or chicken for dinner, which contains the necessary proteins. I’m not a vegetarian, I just try to eat less meat. Some types of fish, such as salmon, are rich in healthy omega-3 fatty acids.”

Other advice and what Hopkins University scientists do not advise

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Whole Grains: Wheat, brown rice, and barley grains contain vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats. Whole-grain breads and cereals reduce the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, and improve digestion.

Omega-3 fatty acids: They are indispensable for the construction of brain cell membranes. The body does not produce them itself and must receive them from the environment. They are abundant in salmon, tuna, and mackerel, as well as nuts, flaxseed, and rapeseed oil. An appropriate diet reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer, and intestinal inflammation.

Saturated fat: Found in excess in butter, whole milk, full fat cheese, ice cream, fatty meats, poultry skins, palm oil, and coconut oil. Contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the vessels, adversely affect the absorption of sugar in the blood. Reducing the intake of saturated fat is a means of preventing cardiovascular disease.

However, it is possible that not everyone will agree with the recommendations of experts at Johns Hopkins University regarding the optimal diet. The views of some modern nutritionists and their conclusions about the benefits of a number of products, in particular, dairy, low-fat and cereals, differ from traditional recommendations.

Multivitamin complex – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Analogs

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Multivitamin complex (tablets) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 2008

Approval date: 12/28/2008

Content

• Active substance
• ATX
• Pharmacological group
• Instruction
• Storage conditions
• Best before date
• Reviews

Active ingredient

Multivitamins (Multivitamins)

ATX

A11JC Vitamins, combinations

Pharmacological group

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Manual

Pharma action. Combined preparation, the action of which is due to the effects of the vitamins included in its composition.

Indications. Prevention of hypovitaminosis. Conditions accompanied by an increased need for vitamins: during the period of convalescence after serious illness, during periods of increased physical and mental stress, during pregnancy and lactation, malnutrition or unbalanced nutrition, reduction diets, to improve metabolism and general condition in the elderly and senile age (in part of complex therapy).

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity, hypervitaminosis A and D, children under 10 years of age.

Dosing regimen. Inside, after meals: adults – 1 tab. 3 times a day, children 11-14 years old – 2 tablets. per day. Tablets should be chewed and washed down with a small amount of liquid. The course of treatment is 20 days. If necessary, repeat the course after 2 months.

Side effects. Skin allergic reactions (urticaria).