What causes nausea and vomiting. How to identify the underlying conditions triggering these symptoms. When should you seek medical attention for persistent nausea. What are effective treatment options for managing nausea and vomiting.

Understanding Nausea and Vomiting: An Overview

Nausea and vomiting are common yet distressing symptoms that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. While often associated with gastrointestinal issues, these symptoms can stem from a variety of causes, ranging from minor ailments to more serious medical conditions.

Nausea is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the stomach, often accompanied by the urge to vomit. Vomiting, on the other hand, is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. These symptoms can occur independently or together, and their duration can vary from brief episodes to chronic conditions.

What distinguishes nausea from vomiting?

Nausea is a subjective feeling of unease in the stomach, while vomiting is the physical act of expelling stomach contents. Nausea often precedes vomiting but can occur without leading to actual vomiting. Understanding this distinction is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Common Causes of Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting can be triggered by a wide range of factors. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment. Here are some of the most common culprits:

• Viral infections (e.g., stomach flu, norovirus)
• Food poisoning
• Pregnancy (morning sickness)
• Motion sickness
• Migraines
• Medication side effects
• Alcohol consumption
• Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcers)
• Emotional stress or anxiety

How do infections cause nausea and vomiting?

Infections, particularly those affecting the gastrointestinal tract, can irritate the stomach lining and trigger the body’s natural defense mechanism to expel potential toxins. This response often manifests as nausea and vomiting. Viral infections like norovirus and rotavirus are notorious for causing these symptoms, along with diarrhea and abdominal pain.

The Impact of Food Poisoning on Digestive Health

Food poisoning is a common cause of acute nausea and vomiting. It occurs when contaminated food or drink is consumed, introducing harmful bacteria, viruses, or parasites into the digestive system. Symptoms typically appear within hours of ingestion and can last for 24-48 hours.

What are the telltale signs of food poisoning?

Food poisoning often presents with sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Additional symptoms may include abdominal cramps, fever, and general malaise. The severity and duration of symptoms can vary depending on the specific pathogen involved and the individual’s immune response.

Pregnancy-Related Nausea: Morning Sickness Explained

Morning sickness is a common phenomenon experienced by many pregnant women, particularly during the first trimester. Despite its name, it can occur at any time of day and is characterized by nausea and, in some cases, vomiting.

Why does pregnancy cause nausea?

The exact cause of morning sickness is not fully understood, but hormonal changes, particularly the increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are believed to play a significant role. Additionally, heightened sense of smell and increased sensitivity to certain foods can exacerbate nausea during pregnancy.

Motion Sickness: When Movement Triggers Nausea

Motion sickness occurs when there is a mismatch between visual perception and the vestibular system’s sense of movement. This discrepancy can lead to nausea, dizziness, and in some cases, vomiting. Common triggers include car travel, boat rides, and amusement park attractions.

How can motion sickness be prevented?

Several strategies can help prevent or alleviate motion sickness:

• Focusing on a stable point in the distance
• Sitting in areas with less movement (e.g., front seat of a car, middle of a boat)
• Using over-the-counter motion sickness medications
• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Ensuring proper ventilation

Migraines and Their Connection to Nausea

Migraines are severe headaches often accompanied by various neurological symptoms, including nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. For many migraine sufferers, nausea can be as debilitating as the head pain itself.

Do all migraines cause nausea?

While nausea is a common symptom of migraines, not all migraine attacks include this symptom. The presence and severity of nausea can vary among individuals and even between different migraine episodes in the same person. Some people may experience nausea without headache, a condition known as abdominal migraine.

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Chronic Nausea

Various gastrointestinal disorders can lead to chronic or recurrent nausea and vomiting. These conditions often require medical intervention and long-term management strategies.

Which gastrointestinal conditions commonly cause nausea?

Several digestive system disorders are associated with nausea:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Peptic ulcers
• Gastroparesis
• Inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis)
• Celiac disease
• Gallbladder disease

Proper diagnosis and treatment of these underlying conditions are crucial for managing associated nausea and vomiting.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Nausea and Vomiting

While occasional nausea and vomiting are often not cause for concern, certain situations warrant medical attention. Recognizing these red flags can help prevent complications and ensure timely treatment.

What are the warning signs that require immediate medical care?

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Persistent vomiting lasting more than 24 hours
• Signs of dehydration (e.g., dark urine, dizziness, dry mouth)
• Vomiting blood or bile
• Severe abdominal pain
• Fever above 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Headache and stiff neck
• Confusion or lethargy

These symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying condition requiring prompt medical evaluation.

Treatment Options for Nausea and Vomiting

The treatment for nausea and vomiting depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, symptoms resolve on their own with time and supportive care. However, various interventions can help alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

What are effective home remedies for nausea?

Several home remedies can help manage mild nausea:

• Ginger tea or ginger supplements
• Peppermint tea or aromatherapy
• Acupressure wristbands
• Eating small, frequent meals of bland foods
• Staying hydrated with clear fluids
• Avoiding strong odors and triggering foods

These natural approaches can provide relief for many individuals experiencing nausea.

What medications are used to treat nausea and vomiting?

When home remedies are insufficient, various medications can be prescribed to manage nausea and vomiting:

• Antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron, promethazine)
• Antacids and proton pump inhibitors for acid-related causes
• Antihistamines for motion sickness
• Specific medications for underlying conditions (e.g., triptans for migraines)

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new medication regimen.

Prevention Strategies for Nausea and Vomiting

While not all cases of nausea and vomiting can be prevented, certain lifestyle modifications and precautions can reduce the risk of experiencing these symptoms.

How can one minimize the occurrence of nausea and vomiting?

Consider the following preventive measures:

• Practice good food hygiene to avoid foodborne illnesses
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques
• Avoid known triggers (e.g., certain foods, strong odors)
• Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet
• Get adequate sleep and exercise regularly
• Take motion sickness precautions when traveling
• Follow medication instructions carefully to avoid side effects

Implementing these strategies can help reduce the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting episodes.

The Psychological Impact of Chronic Nausea

Chronic or recurrent nausea can have a significant impact on a person’s mental health and overall quality of life. Understanding and addressing these psychological aspects is crucial for comprehensive care.

How does chronic nausea affect mental well-being?

Persistent nausea can lead to:

• Anxiety and depression
• Social isolation
• Reduced work productivity
• Impaired relationships
• Decreased enjoyment of food and eating

Addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of chronic nausea is essential for holistic patient care.

Emerging Research in Nausea Management

The field of nausea and vomiting management is continually evolving, with new research exploring innovative treatments and diagnostic approaches. Staying informed about these developments can provide hope for those struggling with chronic symptoms.

What are some promising new treatments for nausea?

Recent advancements in nausea management include:

• Neuromodulation techniques
• Targeted drug delivery systems
• Personalized medicine approaches based on genetic profiles
• Novel antiemetic medications with fewer side effects
• Virtual reality-based therapies for motion sickness

While many of these treatments are still in the research phase, they offer exciting possibilities for improved symptom control in the future.

Nausea and vomiting, while common, can significantly impact an individual’s daily life and overall well-being. Understanding the various causes, recognizing warning signs, and implementing appropriate treatment strategies are crucial steps in managing these symptoms effectively. By staying informed and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals can find relief and improve their quality of life, even when facing persistent nausea and vomiting.

What’s Causing Your Nausea | Buoy Health

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Nausea is usually caused by a stomach bug, the flu, COVID, and food poisoning. But other common causes are motion sickness, migraines, GERD, a hangover from too much alcohol, and morning sickness in pregnant women. A more serious cause is gallstones. There are medications you can take to quell nausea, after ruling out serious causes.

Written by

Chandra Manuelpillai, MD.

Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine

Last updated December 14, 2021

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What are nausea and vomiting?

Causes

Next steps

Treatment

Table of Contents

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Written by

Chandra Manuelpillai, MD.

Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine

Last updated December 14, 2021

Nausea quiz

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13 most common causes

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Dyspepsia

Migraine

Pregnancy Problems

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motion sickness

Acute Gastritis

Stroke

Food Poisoning

Brain Tumor

Coronavirus

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Vertigo

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Bowel obstruction

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Brain/head injury

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Most common questions

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What are nausea and vomiting?

Nausea causes stomach discomfort and the feeling like you may vomit. Sometimes, you even do throw up. It can be for a moment (like after smelling a bad odor), temporary (like during a stomach bug), or lasting (chronic).

Vomiting is when the body forcefully gets rid of what’s in the stomach by bringing it back up and out through the mouth. You almost always feel nauseated before vomiting.

Nausea, with or without vomiting, is most commonly caused by a stomach bug and food poisoning. Pregnant women often feel nauseous—or even vomit—during their first trimester.

Other causes include motion sickness, migraines, drinking too much alcohol, and side effects from medications. Sometimes, it is caused by an underlying condition, like an ulcer, gallbladder disease, or heart attack.

There are medications to treat nausea if needed. But when nausea is a symptom, the treatment is usually for the underlying problem.

Causes

1. Infections

Symptoms

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Crampy abdominal pain
• Possible dehydration

There are many viral infections that may cause nausea. And most, including the flu and COVID-19, may also cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Both norovirus and rotavirus are highly contagious viruses that cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. They are sometimes referred to as the “stomach flu” or “stomach bug.”

Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. Instead, you want to treat your symptoms. Because you may lose a lot of fluids if you are vomiting or have diarrhea, drink plenty of liquids to avoid dehydration.

To reduce nausea, eat more frequent, smaller, bland meals. If your symptoms are severe or you are unable to drink enough fluids, your doctor may recommend anti-diarrheal or anti-nausea medication. In severe cases of dehydration, you may need to go to the ER for medications and fluid through an IV.

2. Food poisoning

Should I be worried if I can’t eat or drink?

“Let your doctor know if your nausea is interfering with your ability to eat and drink enough. This can lead to dehydration and nutritional deficiencies.” —Dr. Chandra Manuelpillai

Symptoms

• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps

Food poisoning is caused by eating something contaminated with bacteria. Symptoms come on very quickly—usually within 30 minutes to a few hours after eating—and typically last for about 24 hours.

There is no specific treatment besides avoiding dehydration by drinking fluids and eating bland food. Anti-diarrheal medications are not recommended since diarrhea is your body’s way of getting rid of toxins. Anti-nausea medications are given to people who are becoming dehydrated because they can’t keep liquids down. Symptoms usually do not last long, so most people should recover on their own.

3. COVID-19

Symptoms

• Fever or chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
• Headache
• Loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea

COVID-19 is a dangerous disease caused by a coronavirus, and it is highly contagious. It infects the respiratory tract (including your nose, throat, sinuses, and lungs). But it can also affect other organs including the brain, blood vessels, and the skin. It can cause flu-like symptoms.

In many people, COVID-19 can have mild symptoms, but others can become severely ill and die from the disease.

Rest and drinking lots of fluids are important in treating symptoms and feeling better for people with mild cases of COVID-19. If you suspect COVID-19, monitor the progression of your symptoms and keep your doctor updated about your symptoms.

Your doctor will recommend additional at-home treatment plans, which may include over-the-counter medication, oxygen monitoring devices, or prescription medication, like an inhaler. They may recommend getting an experimental antibody infusion if you are at high risk of complications. They can also advise you when to go to the hospital if your symptoms worsen.

4. Acid reflux disease and gastritis

Symptoms

• Burning sensation in the middle of your chest or upper abdomen, usually after eating or when lying down
• Acidic taste

Acid reflux is when acid from the stomach goes into your esophagus causing burning pain (heartburn) in your chest. If acid reflux happens more than twice a week, it’s considered GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). It often occurs if you eat or drink certain foods such as alcohol or spicy, fried, fatty, and/or acidic foods including chocolate or coffee.

Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining most often caused by an infection from H. pylori or from overuse of alcohol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Pain usually occurs when acid enters the stomach after eating and further irritates the stomach lining. If not properly treated, this may lead to ulcers.

The best treatment is to change your diet or avoid foods that trigger your symptoms. Other lifestyle changes include eating smaller, more frequent meals, staying upright after eating, and losing weight.

If these treatments do not improve your symptoms, your doctor may recommend testing for H. pylori, starting medications, or you may need a procedure called an endoscopy to look at the inner lining of your esophagus and stomach.

If the nausea is from too much acid, then anti-acid medications, such as famotidine (Pepcid) may help. Other medications include those that coat the stomach (like Maalox) or that absorb the acid in the stomach (like TUMS).

If you have an H. pylori infection, you will need antibiotics.

5. Indigestion (dyspepsia)

Symptoms

• Nausea
• Bloating
• Burning upper belly pain

Symptoms of indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, include pain, discomfort, and bloating in the upper abdomen soon after eating. It’s often from eating too much or too quickly, eating greasy or spicy foods, or drinking too much caffeine, alcohol, or carbonated drinks. Smoking, anxiety, and certain medications can also cause indigestion.

Treatment includes avoiding triggers and eating smaller meals, more often. If the indigestion lasts longer than 2 weeks and doesn’t improve after you’ve changed your eating habits, see a doctor.

6. Morning sickness

Symptoms

• Nausea or vomiting
• Pregnancy

Many women experience nausea and vomiting when they’re pregnant, especially in the first trimester. Even though it’s called morning sickness, it can happen any time of the day.

It is helpful to avoid an empty stomach. Try eating bland food like crackers immediately after waking up in the morning and throughout the day. Eat a high protein food before going to bed.

If you continue to have symptoms or develop signs of dehydration, you can ask your doctor about over-the-counter options such as ginger, vitamin B-6 supplements, and doxylamine (Unisom). Your doctor may prescribe anti-nausea medications.

Some women find acupuncture, acupressure, and aromatherapy helpful. But it is important to discuss any treatments with your doctor first to make sure they are safe for you and your baby.

7. Bowel obstruction

Symptoms

• Abdominal pain (stomach ache)
• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Stomach bloating
• Feeling full sooner and/or vomiting immediately after eating
• Abdominal cramps

Two common bowel obstructions include small bowel obstruction and gastric outlet obstruction. It is a medical emergency regardless of the cause.

The small intestine is a long, coiled, tube-like structure that connects the stomach to the large intestine (colon). If something blocks the small intestine, food and liquid can’t pass through.

The most common cause is scar tissue, either from a previous surgery, inflammation, or infections. Certain conditions like Crohn’s disease or diverticulitis create inflammation that can cause the intestinal wall to thicken and narrow. A hernia or tumor can also cause a physical blockage.

Gastric outlet obstruction is from a mass that blocks the stomach. Since nothing, including swallowed saliva and water, can pass, you may have clear vomit. But you will also vomit anything that you try to eat.

Go to the hospital as the blockage will need to be treated immediately—usually with surgery.

8. Motion sickness

Symptoms

• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or feeling uneasy
• Cold sweats

Motion sickness is brought on by movement, usually a car, bus, train, plane, or a boat. It happens when your brain receives mixed signals or interprets signals incorrectly.

Your brain uses your vision, inner ears, and body position to monitor balance. Your eyes tell you if you are upright. Your inner ears sense if you are tilted or turning. And your nerves sense your body’s position. During motion sickness, at least one of these senses is misinterpreted by the brain and you feel like you are spinning, falling, or moving. Then you become nauseated.

The best treatment is to stop the motion. If this is not possible, then help your brain interpret these signals correctly. Try staring at a non-moving object or finding something else to focus on help. In a car, avoid reading, looking at screens, and sit in the front seat. On a boat, look at the horizon rather down at the water, or go to the upper decks.

If you know you are at risk of motion sickness, you can take medications ahead of time. Medications work best when taken one to a few hours before. Sometimes, you will have to take repeat doses.  Medications include antihistamines such as Dramamine, scopolamine, and meclizine (Antivert). Some people also get relief with acupressure.

9. Medications

Symptoms

• Nausea
• Increase salivation
• Side effects of specific medication

Many medications include nausea as a potential side effect.

In particular, chemotherapy treatments for cancer can cause nausea. These medications can trigger the vomiting centers of the brain. They also may damage your digestive tract, which can lead to nausea and vomiting. Your oncologist (cancer doctor) should know which chemotherapy treatment is most likely to cause these symptoms and will give you anti-nausea medications to prevent and treat nausea.

Anesthesia used in surgery can also cause nausea. If you know you are likely to suffer from nausea and vomiting after surgery, you may be given anti-nausea medications before the surgery to prevent it.

Other medications that may cause nausea are antibiotics, some vitamins and supplements, and pain relievers, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications (NSAIDs) and opioid pain medications. Sometimes, not taking these medications on an empty stomach will keep you from getting nauseated.

If the nausea continues, call your doctor, who may need to change your medication.

10. Toxins

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the toxin.

• Alcohol intoxication: nausea, unsteady gait, slurred speech, confusion
• Hangover from alcohol: nausea, dizziness, headache, upper belly pain
• Drug use:
  • Marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids (K-2): nausea, red eyes, nystagmus (eyes involuntarily moving rapidly from side to side), difficulty concentrating, paranoia
  • Opiates: nausea, euphoria, drowsiness, slowed breathing, itching
  • PCP: nausea, delusions, paranoia, nystagmus (eyes involuntarily moving rapidly from side to side), dizziness, seizure
  • Synthetic cathinones (bath salts): nausea, euphoria, paranoia, dizziness, sweating, confusion
  • Opiate withdrawal: nausea, goosebumps, diarrhea, insomnia, belly cramps, muscle aches

There are many toxins that can cause nausea. It is usually from a side effect of a toxin or because the toxin leads to acute gastritis—like from too much alcohol. Just like with infections, nausea with vomiting can be your body’s way of getting rid of toxins.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) can be from long-term cannabis use. It causes repeated bouts of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping. Taking hot showers or baths can help. So can over-the-counter capsaicin cream.

Treatment is to stop using cannabis. However, if your symptoms are severe, you may need to go to the ER to get anti-nausea medications and possibly intravenous (IV) fluids.

11. Vertigo

What does nausea feel like?

“Unfortunately, nausea can feel miserable. Luckily, it is not usually dangerous or life threatening.” —Dr. Manuelpillai

Symptoms

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Unsteady gait
• Sometimes ringing in ears (tinnitus)
• Sometimes hearing loss

Vertigo is the sensation of spinning. It can be caused by a central process (i.e., the brain) or a peripheral process (most commonly the ears). It can also be a side effect of certain medical problems, medications, drugs, or alcohol.

It can be caused by ear infections or fluid buildup or calcification in inner ear canals. Treatment depends on the cause but can include medications such as meclizine, movements that reposition calcifications in the ear canal, surgery, or physical therapy such as vestibular rehabilitation.

Vertigo may also be caused by more serious brain bleeds, brain tumors, or strokes.

12. Brain/head injury

Symptoms

• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Sensitivity to light or sounds
• Memory loss
• Fatigue
• Unsteady gait

Nausea and vomiting can be a serious sign of a brain injury. It can occur with minor head trauma such as concussions, but also with brain damage or bleeding.

Severe or worsening vomiting may be from an injury that causes bleeding or swelling and increasing pressure in the skull. This can be life threatening. If you have any of these symptoms, go directly to an ER for an urgent evaluation.

13. Migraines

Symptoms

• Nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light and sound
• Sometimes sensitivity to certain smells or tastes
• Throbbing usually unilateral (one sided) headache

A migraine is a type of recurring, severe headache. It may start with an aura—visual symptoms that occur before the headache hits. These can include seeing lines or flashing lights.

Treatment involves taking medications at the first sign of symptoms and avoiding potential triggers like bright lights. If you have an aura, take medication as soon as it starts.

You may be able to treat migraines with over-the-counter medications. But if your migraines become severe or frequent, you may need a prescription medication for when the migraine occurs, and preventative medications or treatments to reduce the frequency of migraines.

14. Stroke

Symptoms

• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Sometimes headache
• Can vary depending on type, but commonly include facial droop, slurred speech, trouble walking, and weakness and/or numbness

Strokes occur when an area of the brain stops receiving its blood supply.

A stroke is a medical emergency.  You need to get treated immediately. If you think you’ve had a stroke, call 911 and go to the ER as soon as possible. You will be treated more quickly if you call 911—as opposed to a family member taking you to the hospital. This time-saving can be life-saving.

There are two types of strokes—strokes from a bleed (hemorrhagic) and strokes from a clot (ischemic).

Hemorrhagic strokes are often caused by uncontrolled high blood pressure. Ischemic strokes are more likely if you have an abnormal rhythm (atrial fibrillation) or medical problems that can increase your risk of artherosclerotic disease such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking.

Nausea and vomiting from a stroke can be from increased pressure in the brain or if the affected area includes the vomiting centers of the brain or the parts responsible for balance.

15. Brain tumor or lesion

Symptoms

• Nausea
• Headache
• Blurred vision
• Confusion
• Unsteady gait
• Seizures

A brain tumor or lesion may be due to cancer, an infection, calcifications, or malformation of blood vessels. Nausea and vomiting are from increased pressure in the brain or because of the area of the brain being affected.

Treatment depends on the type of the tumor or lesion. Many cause minimal-to-no symptoms or are not dangerous. If you have an infection, treatment is usually aggressive antibiotic treatment, but you may also need to have a drain inserted. If you are diagnosed with cancer, treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation, and or surgery.

Other possible causes

A number of conditions, like gallbladder disease and a heart attack, may also cause nausea. During a heart attack, some people, especially the elderly and those with diabetes, may only have vague complaints such as nausea, dizziness, or fatigue.

When to call the doctor

How do I get rid of nausea?

“Discuss with your doctor whether your nausea is something to be concerned about and how you can manage it at home whether with medication or other interventions.” —Dr. Manuelpillai

You should see your doctor if:

• Your nausea has come and gone for more than a month
• You have unexplained weight loss
• You’ve been vomiting for more than 2 days

Should I go to the ER for nausea and vomiting?

Seek immediate treatment in the emergency room if:

• You’re experiencing chest pain, palpitations, severe abdominal pain, or you have an intense headache
• You’re confused, have dizziness, or are having trouble seeing
• You have a high fever and/or stiff neck
• You have rectal bleeding
• You have blood (either bright red or coffee ground) in your vomit
• You have been nauseated or vomiting for more than 2 days and are not able to eat or drink any food or liquid

Treatments

At-home care

• Over-the-counter anti-nausea medications include Pepto-Bismol, Meclizine (Antivert), and Dramamine
• Fresh ginger tea often helps calm nausea
• Vitamin B6 supplements may help
• Peppermint oil, which you can mix with coconut oil and rub directly beneath your nose, may help relax your stomach
• Acupressure may help prevent and treat nausea

Other treatment options

Your doctor may also prescribe anti-nausea medications for more severe nausea.

Chandra Manuelpillai, MD.

Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine

Dr. Manuelpillai is a board-certified Emergency Medicine physician. She received her undergraduate degree in Health Science Studies from Quinnipiac University (2002). She then went on to graduated from Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Sciences/The Chicago Medical School (2007) where she served on the Executive Student Council, as well as was the alternate delegate to the AMA/ISMS-MSS G…

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Feeling sick (nausea) – HSE.ie

Feeling sick (nausea) is common and usually goes away on its own. There are some things you can try that might help.

Things that may help you stop feeling sick

Do

• get plenty of fresh air

• distract yourself – for example, listen to music or watch a film

• take sips of a cold drink – some people find fizzy drinks work best

• drink ginger or peppermint tea

• eat foods containing ginger – such as ginger biscuits

• eat smaller meals more often

• drink fluids to avoid dehydration if you are vomiting

Don’t

• do not eat or cook strong-smelling food

• do not eat spicy, fried or greasy food

• do not eat too quickly

• do not have a large drink with meals

• do not lie down soon after eating

• do not wear clothes that are tight around your waist or tummy

When to contact your GP

Talk to your GP if you:

• do not feel better in a few days
• often feel sick (it keeps coming back)

They may prescribe anti-sickness medicine if needed.

Emergency action required: Call 112 or 999 if

you suddenly feel sick and have:

• chest pain that feels tight or heavy
• pain that spreads to your arms, back, neck or jaw
• shortness of breath

This could be a heart attack.

Common causes of feeling sick

Lots of things can make you feel sick.

Any other symptoms you have may give you an idea of the cause. But do not self-diagnose – see a GP if you’re worried.

Possible causes of symptoms.

Other reasons for feeling sick include:

• pregnancy (morning sickness)
• motion sickness
• anxiety
• alcohol
• medicines
• recent surgery

Do not worry if you’re not sure what the cause is. Try the things that may stop you feeling sick and see your GP if you do not feel better in a few days.

Content supplied by the NHS and adapted for Ireland by the HSE

This project has received funding from the Government of Ireland’s Sláintecare Integration Fund 2019 under Grant Agreement Number 123.

Page last reviewed: 27 April 2021

Next review due: 27 April 2024

Why does nausea occur? What diseases are accompanied by symptoms?

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Where is the source of the problem?

Causes of nausea are very diverse:

• Problems in internal organs. The most common pathologies of the stomach: gastritis, gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease. Other possible causes: hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, peritonitis, inflammatory kidney disease, constipation, menstruation.
• Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid, intracranial pressure. The cause may be a traumatic brain injury, meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), acute cerebrovascular accident (for example, in a hypertensive crisis), hydrocephalus, intracranial tumors. Glaucoma causes pressure on the nerves behind the eye.
• Disorders of the organ of balance. Nausea accompanies conditions such as vertigo, benign positional vertigo, labyrinthitis (inflammation in the inner ear), and some tumors of the nervous system. Many people are familiar with the symptoms of motion sickness that occur while driving a car, train, or boating.
• Strong emotional upheavals, neuroses, unpleasant smells and taste sensations. Nausea and vomiting occur when the root of the tongue is irritated – for example, during examination of the throat with a spatula, gastroscopy.
• Side effects of certain drugs. For example, aspirin, antidepressants, anticancer and other drugs.
  Such a long list of possible causes is due to the fact that the vomiting center in the brain has many connections – both with various organs (“vomit zones”), and with other nerve centers.

Our expert in this area:

Sergeev Petr Sergeevich

Deputy chief physician for medical work. Oncologist, surgeon, chemotherapist, Ph.D.

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How can I reduce nausea?

If nausea is not caused by a serious illness, you can manage it yourself by following some simple guidelines:

• Eat small, frequent meals. This will help prevent full stomach.
• If you know that certain smells can make you feel sick (eg perfume, certain foods), they should be avoided.
• If nausea has been bothering you periodically for a very long time, it is useful to keep a diary. This will help you understand what types of food and smells are causing your symptom.
• If you get motion sickness in transport, try to sit in those places where it shakes the least. For example, on a bus it is better to ride in the front seats. Do not read books or use a laptop while driving. Look out the window. If you still have severe motion sickness, ask your doctor to recommend medications that will help prevent unpleasant symptoms.

Avoid alcohol. Especially in large quantities. Do not mix different drinks.

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When should you visit a doctor?

Nausea usually persists for several minutes or hours, after which it goes away. If the symptom bothers you for more than a day, you need to visit a doctor or call an ambulance. The reason for a visit to a gastroenterologist should be seizures that disturb periodically for a month or longer.
If nausea is accompanied by other symptoms, such as abdominal pain, heartburn, belching, diarrhea, flatulence, weight loss, this is also a reason to make an appointment with a doctor.

In the international clinic Medica24 you can get a consultation with a gastroenterologist, undergo an examination using modern equipment, take tests and get a result in the cito mode (the clinic has its own laboratory). Call: +7 (495) 120-19-58.

Contents

• Where is the source of the problem?
• How can nausea be reduced?
• In what cases should you visit a doctor?

Diseases

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Nausea in the morning | why you feel sick in the morning, the reasons for which doctor to contact

Nausea is an unpleasant feeling of discomfort in the abdomen, often accompanied by a feeling of impending vomiting. It is a symptom, not a disease, and can be caused by a variety of different causes, from viral diseases to psychological stress.

Nausea is the body’s defense mechanism that signals that something is wrong. It can be a reaction to certain medications, food poisoning, pregnancy, motion sickness, migraines, and many other conditions and illnesses.

Nausea in the morning can be caused by inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract, in particular gastritis, ulcers, inflammation of the pancreas or intestines. Possible causes may be such serious pathologies as appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis. In adults, morning sickness is often associated with diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract. In children, morning sickness may be associated with infectious diseases or the presence of helminths.

It is important to note that morning sickness is not only characterized by discomfort in the abdomen, but can also be accompanied by dizziness, increased salivation, belching, taste in the mouth and even vomiting. Often, some other symptoms may be associated with it, such as a change in appetite, a change in weight, problems with stool, etc.

Article content:

• Causes of morning sickness
• Which specialist to contact
• How to deal with nausea in the morning
• Treatments for nausea
• Preparations

Causes of Morning Nausea

Morning sickness can be caused by a variety of causes, and here are some of them:

• Pregnancy: An early sign of pregnancy for many women is nausea, which often occurs in the morning. This condition, known as morning sickness, usually begins about a month after conception.
• Low Blood Sugar: Glucose is your brain’s main source of energy. Long periods without food, such as while sleeping, can cause blood sugar levels to drop, which in turn can cause nausea.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This chronic condition occurs when acid from the stomach rises up into the esophagus, which can cause symptoms such as heartburn and nausea. These symptoms may be worse when you lie down and may therefore be especially noticeable in the morning.
• Stress and anxiety: Morning sickness can be caused by stress and anxiety. Morning is often the time when people start to think about the day ahead, and this can cause feelings of anxiety.
• Eating habits: Late dinner or overeating the day before can cause morning sickness. Also, alcohol and fatty foods can cause discomfort and nausea the next morning.
• Migraine: For some people, migraine can cause nausea, which is often worse in the morning.

In the case of gastritis and peptic ulcer, nausea is often accompanied by pain in the upper abdomen, belching, swelling and burning in the chest area. In the case of cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) and pancreatitis, nausea may be accompanied by fever, weakness, pain in the lower right side or stomach area, and sometimes even diarrhea.

Other causes of morning sickness include the presence of cardiovascular diseases, in particular hypertension (high blood pressure) and acute myocardial infarction, which can present with severe nausea even in the absence of chest pain. Also, some endocrine disorders, including some forms of hormonal imbalance, can cause morning sickness.

If you regularly experience morning sickness, it is important to discuss this with your doctor. He can help you determine the cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Where to see a specialist

If you regularly experience morning sickness, the first step is usually to see a general practitioner, also known as a general practitioner. The therapist will be able to conduct an initial examination and refer you to the appropriate specialist, if necessary.

If you experience morning sickness, especially if it persists for a long time, you should immediately consult a doctor. Self-medication in this case can lead to serious consequences, as it can aggravate an existing disease or lead to the development of new health problems. To determine the exact cause of nausea, the doctor may prescribe a number of diagnostic procedures, including ultrasound of the internal organs, blood tests, examination of stomach contents, etc.

• Gynecologist: If there is a possibility of pregnancy and morning sickness is accompanied by missed periods, fatigue, changes in taste or frequent urination, you may need to see a gynecologist.
• Gastroenterologist: If you have other digestive symptoms such as heartburn, vomiting, abdominal pain, bowel problems, or weight loss, you may need to see a gastroenterologist.
• Neurologist: If you have headaches, especially morning headaches, visual disturbances, or unbearable pain in one part of your head, you may need to see a neurologist.
• Psychiatrist or psychologist: If you have signs of anxiety, depression, or other mental illness that may be accompanied by morning sickness, you should see a psychiatrist or psychologist.

Remember that only a qualified doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment. So if you are experiencing morning sickness, see a healthcare professional for advice.

How to deal with morning sickness

If you’re experiencing morning sickness, here are some tips that can help alleviate your condition:

Start the day slowly: Try to avoid getting out of bed too fast. Give your body time to wake up and adjust before getting up.

Medications: If you are experiencing morning sickness as a result of pregnancy, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or another medical condition, your doctor may recommend specific medications or dietary supplements.

Treatments for nausea

Treatment for morning sickness depends on its cause. Here are a few general treatment approaches that may be applicable on a case-by-case basis:

• Change in diet: In some cases, such as pregnancy or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), a change in diet may be helpful. Try to avoid foods and drinks that cause nausea or make it worse. Divide your meal into small portions so as not to strain your stomach.
• Medication: Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe medication. These can be anti-emetics, anti-ulcer drugs, antacids, or other drugs.
• Physiotherapy: Some physical therapies, such as acupuncture or relaxation techniques, can help reduce nausea.
• Psychotherapy: If morning sickness is caused by stress or psychological problems, psychotherapy may be effective.
• Alternative Medicine: Some alternative medicine methods, such as homeopathy or Ayurveda, may offer solutions for morning sickness. However, before starting such therapy, you should always consult your doctor.
• Herbal teas: Some herbs, such as ginger or mint, can help reduce nausea. Always check the safety of using these herbs and discuss their use with your doctor, especially if you are pregnant or taking any medications.

It is important to remember that any treatment must be carried out under medical supervision. Regardless of which methods you choose, you should always consult a medical professional to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

Preparations

Nausea is an unpleasant condition that can accompany various diseases and conditions. It is most important to identify the cause of nausea in order to effectively manage it, but there are drugs that can alleviate this condition regardless of its cause. Here are some of them:

• Serotonin receptor antagonists: They block the action of serotonin, a hormone that can cause nausea in high amounts. Examples of such drugs are Ondansetron (Zofran), Granisetron (Kytril).
• Dopamine receptor antagonists: These drugs prevent the effects of dopamine, which can also cause nausea. Examples include Metoclopramide (Reglan), Promethazine (Phenergan), and Prochlorperazine (Compazine).
• Anticholinergics: These are drugs that block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that can cause nausea. Scopolamine is one of the most popular drugs in this category.
• Antihistamines: They block histamine, which can also cause nausea. Examples include Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), Meclizine (Antivert), and Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
• Doxylamine and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) preparations: These preparations are used during pregnancy when nausea is caused by hormonal changes.
• Glucocorticoids: Used for nausea caused by chemotherapy or radiation. An example is Decadron (Dexamethasone).
• Cannabinoids: Some marijuana-based drugs, such as Dronabinol, can be used to relieve nausea from chemotherapy.

It is important to remember that all these drugs must be prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication can be ineffective and even dangerous.

Remember that if your morning sickness becomes chronic, does not improve, is accompanied by other symptoms, or causes concern, you should contact your doctor.

If morning sickness has become persistent, an effective treatment must be found. Often, in addition to medical therapy, patients are advised to change their diet and eliminate foods that cause an increase in symptoms. Often useful are decoctions and infusions of mint, ginger or lemon. To prepare an infusion of mint, you need to take a couple of mint leaves, pour a glass of hot boiling water and leave for about 10-15 minutes. You can add a little crushed ginger root to enhance the effect.

But do not forget that it is better to use any folk remedies after consulting a doctor, as there are different types of diseases in which certain foods and drinks may be contraindicated.