What are the common symptoms of candida overgrowth. How can you identify if you have a candida infection. What natural remedies can help combat candida overgrowth. What dietary changes may help prevent and treat candida infections.

Understanding Candida and Its Impact on Health

Candida is a type of fungus that naturally exists in the human body, particularly in areas like the mouth, intestines, and vagina. While it typically plays a beneficial role in nutrient absorption and digestion when present in balanced amounts, an overgrowth of candida can lead to a range of health issues. This condition, known as candidiasis or candida overgrowth syndrome (COS), occurs when the body’s natural pH balance is disrupted, allowing candida yeasts to proliferate uncontrollably.

Candida infections can manifest in various forms, with Candida albicans being the most common species affecting the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina. In individuals with compromised immune systems, candida can potentially spread to other areas of the body, including the bloodstream, heart, and brain membranes, resulting in a more severe condition called invasive candidiasis.

The Emergence of Drug-Resistant Candida Strains

In recent years, a concerning development has been the emergence of drug-resistant candida strains, particularly Candida auris. This “superbug” has become a significant health threat in several countries and healthcare facilities, proving resistant to multiple antifungal drugs. Candida auris often spreads through biofilms on surfaces like catheters and bedrails, making it particularly challenging to control in medical settings.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Candida Overgrowth

Identifying candida overgrowth can be challenging due to the wide range of potential symptoms. Some common signs include:

• Chronic fatigue
• Brain fog and difficulty concentrating
• Digestive issues like bloating, constipation, or diarrhea
• Recurring yeast infections
• Skin and nail fungal infections
• Joint pain
• Sinus infections
• Food sensitivities or allergies
• Mood swings, anxiety, or depression

Are these symptoms always indicative of candida overgrowth? While these signs can be associated with candida, they may also be caused by other health conditions. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Common Causes of Candida Overgrowth

Several factors can contribute to the development of candida overgrowth. Understanding these causes can help in prevention and treatment strategies.

1. Diet High in Sugar and Refined Carbohydrates

A diet rich in sugar and refined carbohydrates provides the perfect fuel for candida growth. These foods break down into simple sugars in the body, feeding the yeast and promoting its overgrowth. Reducing intake of sugar, processed foods, and alcohol can help starve the candida and restore balance.

2. Overuse of Antibiotics

While antibiotics are essential for treating bacterial infections, they can also disrupt the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut. This disruption creates an environment where candida can thrive. How does this happen? Antibiotics kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria, leaving room for opportunistic fungi like candida to multiply unchecked.

3. Chronic Stress

Prolonged stress can weaken the immune system, making it less effective at keeping candida growth in check. Stress also affects hormone balance, which can further contribute to candida overgrowth. Implementing stress-management techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can help support overall health and resilience against candida.

4. Hormonal Imbalances

Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, menstruation, or due to birth control pills, can create an environment favorable for candida growth. Estrogen, in particular, can promote yeast proliferation. Maintaining hormonal balance through diet, exercise, and potentially hormone therapy under medical supervision can help manage this risk factor.

Natural Remedies for Combating Candida Overgrowth

While conventional antifungal medications are often prescribed for severe candida infections, several natural remedies can help support the body’s fight against candida overgrowth.

Dietary Modifications

Adopting an anti-candida diet is often the first step in addressing overgrowth. This typically involves:

• Eliminating sugar and artificial sweeteners
• Reducing intake of refined carbohydrates
• Increasing consumption of non-starchy vegetables
• Including probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut
• Adding antifungal foods such as garlic, coconut oil, and ginger to meals

How long should one follow an anti-candida diet? The duration can vary depending on the severity of the overgrowth and individual response, but many practitioners recommend a minimum of 30 days.

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotics help restore the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, which is crucial for keeping candida in check. Prebiotics, on the other hand, provide food for these beneficial bacteria, helping them thrive. Incorporating both probiotic supplements and prebiotic-rich foods like asparagus, bananas, and onions can support a healthy gut microbiome.

Herbal Antifungals

Certain herbs have potent antifungal properties that can help combat candida overgrowth. Some effective options include:

• Oregano oil
• Caprylic acid
• Pau d’arco
• Berberine
• Grapefruit seed extract

Can these natural antifungals replace prescription medications? While they can be effective for mild to moderate cases, severe infections may still require conventional antifungal drugs. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Lifestyle Changes to Support Candida Treatment

In addition to dietary changes and natural remedies, certain lifestyle modifications can help create an environment less conducive to candida overgrowth.

Stress Management

As chronic stress can weaken the immune system and contribute to candida overgrowth, implementing stress-reduction techniques is crucial. This may include:

• Regular meditation or mindfulness practice
• Yoga or tai chi
• Deep breathing exercises
• Regular physical activity
• Adequate sleep and rest

Improving Sleep Quality

Quality sleep is essential for maintaining a strong immune system. Poor sleep can lead to increased cortisol levels, which can promote candida growth. Establishing a consistent sleep schedule, creating a relaxing bedtime routine, and ensuring a dark, quiet sleep environment can all contribute to better sleep quality.

Reducing Exposure to Environmental Toxins

Environmental toxins can burden the body’s detoxification systems and weaken the immune response, potentially creating conditions favorable for candida overgrowth. Steps to reduce toxin exposure include:

• Using natural cleaning products
• Choosing organic produce when possible
• Filtering drinking water
• Avoiding plastic food containers and water bottles
• Using natural personal care products

The Role of Gut Health in Candida Management

The health of the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in managing candida overgrowth. A balanced gut ecosystem helps prevent candida from overtaking beneficial bacteria and maintains the integrity of the intestinal lining.

Leaky Gut Syndrome and Candida

Candida overgrowth can contribute to leaky gut syndrome, a condition where the intestinal lining becomes more permeable, allowing partially digested food particles and toxins to enter the bloodstream. This can lead to a range of health issues, including food sensitivities, autoimmune reactions, and systemic inflammation.

How can you heal leaky gut and address candida simultaneously? Focusing on gut-healing foods and supplements can be beneficial:

• Bone broth
• L-glutamine
• Aloe vera
• Slippery elm
• Zinc carnosine

The Importance of Digestive Enzymes

Digestive enzymes can support the breakdown of foods, reducing the load on the digestive system and minimizing the amount of undigested food that candida can feed on. Supplementing with a high-quality digestive enzyme complex or consuming enzyme-rich foods like pineapple and papaya can be helpful.

Addressing Candida Die-Off Symptoms

As candida dies off during treatment, it can release toxins that cause temporary worsening of symptoms, known as a Herxheimer reaction. This can include fatigue, headaches, body aches, and digestive upset.

How can you manage die-off symptoms? Some strategies include:

• Gradually implementing treatment to minimize sudden die-off
• Staying well-hydrated to support toxin elimination
• Using activated charcoal to bind toxins (under medical supervision)
• Supporting liver function with herbs like milk thistle and dandelion root
• Getting plenty of rest and gentle exercise

Long-Term Strategies for Preventing Candida Recurrence

Once candida overgrowth has been addressed, maintaining a balanced internal environment is key to preventing recurrence.

Ongoing Dietary Considerations

While strict adherence to an anti-candida diet may not be necessary long-term, continuing to limit sugar and refined carbohydrates can help keep candida in check. Focusing on a whole foods diet rich in vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides the nutrients needed for optimal immune function and gut health.

Regular Probiotic Supplementation

Continuing to support beneficial gut bacteria through regular probiotic supplementation or consumption of fermented foods can help maintain microbial balance and prevent candida overgrowth.

Immune System Support

A strong immune system is crucial for keeping candida in check. Supporting immune function through a nutrient-dense diet, regular exercise, stress management, and targeted supplements like vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc can help prevent future candida issues.

Is it possible to completely eliminate candida from the body? Candida is a natural part of the human microbiome, so complete elimination is neither possible nor desirable. The goal is to maintain a healthy balance where candida exists in harmony with other microorganisms without overgrowth.

When to Seek Professional Help for Candida Overgrowth

While many cases of candida overgrowth can be addressed through natural means, there are instances where professional medical intervention is necessary.

Signs That Indicate the Need for Medical Attention

• Severe or persistent symptoms that don’t respond to home remedies
• Recurrent yeast infections (more than four in a year)
• Symptoms of invasive candidiasis, such as fever and chills
• Underlying health conditions that may complicate treatment
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding, which may limit treatment options

What types of healthcare providers can help with candida overgrowth? Depending on the severity and manifestation of symptoms, you might consult with:

• A primary care physician
• A gastroenterologist for digestive issues
• A gynecologist for recurrent vaginal yeast infections
• A naturopathic doctor or functional medicine practitioner for a holistic approach

In conclusion, managing candida overgrowth requires a multifaceted approach that addresses diet, lifestyle, and overall health. While natural remedies can be effective for many individuals, it’s important to work with healthcare professionals to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment, especially in cases of severe or recurrent infections. By understanding the causes and implementing preventive strategies, it’s possible to maintain a healthy balance and keep candida overgrowth at bay.

Symptoms of Candida Overgrowth & How to Get Rid of It

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This Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure factually accurate information.

With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to these studies.

The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies.

Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased.

The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

By Dr. Josh Axe, DC, DNM, CN

September 14, 2022

Candida is a fungal infection and can be very serious. It can be perplexing for many, as potential candida signs are so varied. They can include exhaustion, cravings for sweets, bad breath, white coating on the tongue, brain fog, joint pain, digestive issues and more.

Let’s dive into the different types of candida, what can cause it in the first place and then, most important, the possible natural remedies for it.

What Is Candida?

Candida can be very serious. The “superbug” candida species known as Candida auris has emerged as a dangerous health threat in several countries and many health care facilities in the U.S. This version of candida — which often spreads through candida biofilms on surfaces such as catheters and bedrails — has proven resistant to multiple drugs, resulting in serious illness.

Meanwhile, Candida albicans is the most common type of yeast infection found in the mouth, intestinal tract and vagina (vaginal/genital candidiasis), and it may affect skin and other mucous membranes. If the immune system is functioning optimally, this type of yeast infection is rarely serious.

However, if the immune system is not functioning properly, the candida infection can migrate to other areas of the body, including the blood and membranes around the heart or brain, causing serious candida symptoms. This is referred to as invasive candidiasis.

Candida is a fungus that aids with nutrient absorption and digestion when in proper levels in the body. When it overproduces, typical candida symptoms may appear. In the digestive tract, if left unchecked, it breaks down the walls of the intestinal lining and penetrates into the bloodstream. This releases byproduct toxins and other toxins from your system, causing leaky gut syndrome.

When your body’s natural pH balance is upset, the candida yeasts can grow out of control, creating a systemic problem and unpleasant candida symptoms. Good healthy bacteria and a properly functioning immune system are essential when fighting this stubborn infection.

Candida overgrowth syndrome, or COS, is the term used when candida has grown out of control in your body. Make no mistake: This is a chronic health condition. In addition to candida symptoms, individuals who have never experienced a serious yeast infection can find they have developed new sensitivities, allergies or intolerances to a variety of foods. These foods include dairy, eggs, corn and gluten.

Causes

There are many possible causes of candida, including a diet high in sugar, refined carbohydrates and alcohol that help feed candida. To add to that, here are six other potential causes below.

1. Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

Sometimes, antibiotics are needed to fight a stubborn infection to kill the offending bacteria in your system. The problem with antibiotics and with overusing them (often creating antibiotic resistance) is that they don’t just kill the bad bacteria; they kill the good ones, too.

The good bacteria in your system are responsible for digestion and keeping candida under control. After a long course (or multiple courses over a short period), antibiotics can make your body a literal breeding ground for candida.

2. Birth Control Pills

Unlike antibiotics, birth control pills in and of themselves do not directly cause a yeast infection or candida overgrowth syndrome. However, when a woman consumes a diet high in refined sugars and has had a course of antibiotics, birth control pills can adversely affect her body, leading to a candida infection.

Some women find that birth control pills seem to instigate yeast infections — and even long after the initial infection is gone, once they start taking the birth control pills again, candida can take root.

3. Oral Corticosteroids

Individuals who treat their asthma with corticosteroid inhalants are at an increased risk of developing candida in the mouth, leading to systemic candida overgrowth.  It is imperative that individuals using corticosteroid inhalers for asthma follow the directions for swishing the mouth out after each use. If oral candidiasis is detected, it can be treated with the gargling of coconut oil and a drop or two of essential clove oil.

4. Cancer Treatments

According to the Department of Clinical Research at Merck Research Laboratories, candidiasis can become invasive in cancer patients and present a serious complication. In this study, one-third of patients being treated for cancer had invasive candidiasis. Chemotherapy and radiation can both work to kill cancerous cells and tumors; however, they also kill off the healthy bacteria that naturally fight candida.

5. Diabetes

In a Type 1 or a Type 2 diabetic, sugar levels in the mouth and other mucous membranes are traditionally higher than in an individual without diabetes. Since candida is a type of yeast and sugar feeds yeast, it is understandable that those with diabetes are at a greater risk for developing candida overgrowth syndrome.

6. Weakened Immune System

Any individual with a weakened immune system is more likely to develop candida. This population includes infants, small children, the elderly, those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, and other inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

Candida Symptoms

Candida yeast overgrowth can be difficult for a physician to diagnose. Possible methods of testing include stool testing, serum testing, candida DNA test, stool PCR testing and microbial organic acids testing. This type of systemic yeast infection presents different ways in different people.

Below are nine of the candida symptoms to watch for if you are concerned you have candida or candida overgrowth syndrome.

1. Chronic Fatigue

If you have fatigue or exhaustion that you simply cannot shake, regardless of the number of hours you sleep, you may have chronic fatigue syndrome. The disease is characterized by fatigue that lasts a minimum of six months and is often accompanied by other candida symptoms, including headaches, joint pain, difficulties with memory and concentration and sore throat.

Often one of the candida symptoms is chronic fatigue. While a candida infection is not the only cause of chronic fatigue syndrome, many physicians believe it heightens the risk of CFS.

2. Mood Disorders

One of the reasons it can be difficult to diagnose candida is that so many of the candida symptoms are common to other conditions, including mood disorders. Individuals with candida overgrowth may experience dramatic mood swings, anxiety, irritability, depression and even panic attacks.

3. Recurring Vaginal and Urinary Tract Infections

When an individual experiences recurring infections in the urinary tract or vagina, candida may be at the root of the problem. It is important to realize that candida can be sexually transmitted, and partners can spread it back and forth. For women, reduce the risk by avoiding tight-fitting underwear or pantyhose and avoid hot baths during an active infection.

4. Oral Thrush

Oral thrush is actually a yeast infection caused by the same strain of candida that affects other mucous membranes, including the vagina. It’s most often caused by the use of prednisone or other oral corticosteroids as mentioned above. Left untreated, it may spread through the body, including the digestive tract, lungs, liver and heart valves.

Oral candida is communicable. Newborns can get thrush during birth; children can get it from sharing toys with other children; and adults can pass it back and forth through the saliva.

5. Sinus Infections

As with many of these other candida symptoms, sinus infections are common today, and it can be difficult to pinpoint the root of the cause. Candida does affect the sinuses and can result in a persistent cough, post-nasal drip, an increase in congestion, seasonal allergies, and general flu-like symptoms. If you experience consistent problems with your sinuses, it’s time to check for a candida infection!

6. Intestinal Distress

Ongoing intestinal distress is one of the more uncomfortable candida symptoms. Persistent flatulence, burping, bloating, constipation or diarrhea, and stomach cramps may be caused by a lack of healthy bacteria in your digestive tract.

When yeast overtakes the intestines, healthy bacteria are undermanned, and cannot fight off the infection alone. When the bacteria in your gut are out of balance, it’s known as dysbiosis. Many individuals experience dramatic relief of chronic intestinal distress when effectively treating a candida infection.

7. Brain Fog

Along with mood changes and chronic fatigue, brain fog is often overlooked as one of the candida symptoms. However, candida overgrowth can cause a lack of focus, poor physical coordination, difficulty in concentrating on tasks and poor memory.

8. Skin and Nail Fungal Infections

Athlete’s foot and fungal infections in the toenail are common yeast infections, which stem from the same strain of candida. Continued infections may be a sign that you have a systemic candida infection.

9. Hormonal Imbalance

A hormonal imbalance is one of the candida symptoms that presents in many other health conditions. However, it is important to recognize how an infection can cause early menopause, PMS, a low sex drive, migraines, endometriosis, water retention, mood swings and an inability to lose unwanted pounds.

While in the midst of candida overgrowth, your body becomes inflamed, causing the yeast to grow and spread beyond the digestive tract. One of the byproducts of candida actually can mimic estrogen, leading to a serious hormonal imbalance.

How to Get Rid of Candida

1. Do a Cleanse

The candida cleanse helps to rid the body of excess candida through the flushing of the digestive tract, and the introduction of healthy candida fighters found in fermented foods.

You really have two options for a cleanse: a liquids-only cleanse or a more gentle cleanse with food. You may also opt the most thorough gut reboot: starting with the step one cleanse and then move to the step two cleanse. The whole process will set the stage for starting the candida diet as well!

Option One: Liquids-Only Candida Cleanse (Duration 1–2 Days)

Start by making a vegetable broth from organic onions, garlic, celery, kale, sea salt and pure water. Let simmer and strain. Discard the vegetables and refrigerate the broth.

Throughout the day, sip on the warm broth; it’s imperative that you drink lots of water to help your body expel all the toxins in your system. While this is not a long-term cleanse, it can be repeated as needed every few weeks. It can also be used as a jumpstart to the food cleanse below.

Option Two: Steamed Vegetables (Duration 3–5 Days)

By eliminating grains, sugars, fruits, starches and alcohol from your diet for three to five days, you can make great headway in your fight against candida overgrowth.

Mostly, eat fresh, organic vegetables that have been steamed. For this cleanse stage, keep away from any starchy vegetables like carrots, radishes, beets, sweet potatoes and white potatoes, which may contribute to sugar levels and feed the candida. Continue to drink plenty of pure water, a minimum of 72 ounces per day, to help flush the candida and byproducts from your system.

During this time — no more than once a day — you can eat salads made from leafy greens (like romaine) or bitter greens (like chard) and topped with just a bit of coconut oil and apple cider vinegar (or lemon juice).

During either of the candida cleanses above, you can use bentonite clay to help surround the toxins and efficiently remove them from your system.

2. Follow a Candida Diet

This is a diet to not just discourage candida; it’s the diet to help you rid your body of candida! This is also a great next step if you have already started with the candida cleanse.

1. The first step of the diet is to boost your immune system through the elimination of sugar, alcohol and refined carbohydrates. These items are contributing to the growth of the candida in your system.

2. Step two is to replace these foods with organic vegetables, including carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale and asparagus.

According to ancient Chinese medicine, warm starchy vegetables support the spleen in clearing candida from the body. While I don’t recommend these vegetables during the “cleanse” stage, the regular candida diet includes warming fall vegetables that nourish the spleen, such as sweet potatoes, yams, peas, mung beans, lentils, kidney beans, adzuki beans, carrots, beets, corn, butternut squash, spaghetti squash, acorn squash, zucchini, yellow squash, rutabaga and pumpkin. These should be the main sources of carbs that satisfy your cravings for sweets as well.

What about grains? Some grains like quinoa, barley, teff, sorghum and amaranth and a starch like corn can help to dry the overly damp gut, so one serving a day (no more!) of those grains can work for most people with candida.

The same story follows for cold foods, which shouldn’t be consumed more than once per day. Therefore, don’t have a gut-friendly smoothie on the same day you have a salad. Your candida gut will heal most from warm nourishing foods.

As with any food, however, it’s always important to monitor how you feel after consuming a meal when you have candida. Some people who suffer stomach distress after eating any kind of starch, for instance, should avoid starchy vegetables like corn, peas, parsnips, potatoes, pumpkin, squash, zucchini and yams. Instead, they should eat non-starchy vegetables — typically the flowering parts of the plant — like lettuce, asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, cucumber, spinach, mushrooms, onions, peppers and tomatoes.

Also, keep fruit intake low as well as natural sweeteners like maple syrup or honey.

3. Add cultured dairy, preferably goat milk kefir, because healthy probiotic foods can effectively kill the candida in your system. Probiotics like kimchi and sauerkraut are good additions to your diet, as well as unsweetened cranberry juice, because they create an acidic environment that makes it difficult for candida to thrive.

Fermented foods contain microflora that help to protect the intestines. Regular consumption of fermented foods can help improve the immune system, making the body less hospitable for candida. Begin with a half cup per day of sauerkraut, kimchi or other fermented vegetables as part of a new eating plan dedicated to bringing your body back into a healthy balance.

The candida diet helps to provide beneficial bacteria, regulate appetite, and reduce your cravings for refined carbohydrates and sugars.

3. Add Supplements, Essential Oils and Coconut Oil

Research shows that C. albicans, the strain of candida that leads to systemic candida overgrowth is often resistant to both fluconazole and itraconazole, the antifungal medicines most often prescribed for candida.

1. Coconut oil can effectively fight candida due to its antimicrobial properties. The combination of lauric acid and caprylic acid found in coconut oil, kills off harmful candida through both ingestion and topical application.

2. Milk thistle supplements help to cleanse your liver from prescription medications (steroids, birth control, antibiotics, as well as others), environmental pollution, heavy metals, and the remnants from both chemotherapy and radiation.

As mentioned above, some prescription medications and cancer treatments can lead to candida overgrowth. Milk thistle, along with the candida diet, can help your body recover and create an environment where candida ceases to thrive.

3. Vitamin C helps to boost adrenal glands and helps to restore your immune system. I recommend 1,000 milligrams of vitamin C two or three times per day, taking a total of 2,000 to 3,000 milligrams daily.

4. Clove oil, oregano oil and myrrh oil help to kill a variety of parasites and fungi, including candida, in the body. Lavender oil also inhibits the growth of candida and is effective at preventing the spread of the infection.

For example, by adding a couple of drops of clove oil or lavender oil mixed with coconut oil during your cleanse, you can help to kill off the offending candida. Because these essential oils are powerful, they should only be taken internally for 10 days or less.

Also, for oral thrush, use three drops of clove oil with one tablespoon of coconut oil and swish in the mouth for 20 minutes.

Do not give clove oil internally to children under 2 years of age. If you are pregnant or nursing, check with your natural health care provider before taking clove oil internally.

Candida Die-Off Symptoms You May Experience

Rapidly killing off candida in your body creates a metabolic reaction that releases over 70 different toxins into your body. Symptoms that show the candida cleanse and the candida diet are working include:

• Impaired brain function
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Intestinal distress including bloating, gas, constipation and nausea
• Sweating and fever
• Sinus infection
• Skin breakouts (not limited to face)
• Typical flu-like symptoms

When you start experiencing the candida die-off symptoms, rejoice! These symptoms usually clear up in seven to 10 days. The candida is leaving your body, and within just a few weeks, you will notice an increase in energy and focus, as well as relief from other symptoms you have experienced.

After your symptoms have subsided and you have completed the cleanse and the diet, you should continue eating a diet that is high in protein and high-fiber vegetables, and limit grains, fruits, sugar and high-starch vegetables like white potatoes. Continue to consume fermented vegetables and kefir to help your body stay in balance and keep the candida at bay. Prevention is key.

VaginalProblems | HealthyLife® Student Self-Care Online

Section One

Vaginal Problems

“I just learned that yogurt could help to prevent yeast infections. Now when I take antibiotics, I eat a yogurt in the morning.”

– Kim P., University of Maryland

Vaginal problems include vaginal pain, discharge, abnormal bleeding, irritation, and/or infections. Infections may or may not be sexually transmitted. Common vaginal problems in college age females are listed below.

Signs, Symptoms & Causes

Bacterial Vaginosis

This is an infection from one or more types of bacteria. With this you may have:

• Mild vaginal irritation or burning.
• A thin, gray or milky white vaginal discharge with a fishy odor.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

This is an infection that goes up through the uterus to the fallopian tubes. Signs and symptoms are:

• Abdominal tenderness and/or bloating.
• Pain in the abdomen or back. The pain can be severe or it can occur midway in the menstrual cycle or during a pelvic exam.
• Pain during sex.
• Menstrual cramps can be very painful.
• The skin on your abdomen feels sensitive.
• Vaginal discharge with abnormal color or odor.
• Change in menstrual flow.
• Fever. Nausea.

Vaginal Yeast Infection

This is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida. This is normally present in harmless amounts in the vagina, digestive tract, and mouth. Taking some brands of birth control pills and/or an antibiotic may trigger this overgrowth.

Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection are:

• Thick, white vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese and may smell like yeast.
• Itching, irritation, and redness around the vagina.
• Burning and/or pain when passing urine or with sex.

Vaginitis From Contact Dermatitis

This is a reaction to products that irritate the vaginal area, such as harsh detergents, scented items, douches, latex condoms, and tight-fitting clothing. With this, itching and redness occur in the outer genital area without other symptoms.

Sexually Transmitted Infections

These include genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. (For signs and symptoms of these Sexually Transmitted Infections, click here.)

Treatment

Treatment for the vaginal problem depends on the cause. Bacterial infections and PID are treated with antibiotics. Fungal infections are treated with antifungal medicines.

Questions to Ask

Has a recent sexual assault or major injury to the abdomen, pelvis, or vagina occurred?

Do you have vaginal pain that spreads upward to the pelvis and are you unable to walk due to the pain?

Does vaginal irritation and/or pain occur with all of the symptoms of a kidney infection?

Do you have very heavy vaginal bleeding (you saturate more than 1 full size pad or super absorbent tampon in an hour’s time) with any of the following problems?

• Feeling dizzy, faint, or lightheaded when you sit up.
• Pale and moist skin.
• Extreme shortness of breath or a very hard time breathing.
• Severe abdominal pain.

Do you have any of the following?

• Signs and symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) listed above.
• Signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis listed above.
• Signs and symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection.

Do any of the following apply?

• You have had 3 or more vaginal infections within 3 months time.
• After diagnosis and 72 hours of treatment for a vaginal infection, your symptoms continue.
• Vaginal pain occurs during or after sexual intercourse.

Do you have bleeding in the vaginal area from itching due to vaginal irritation?

Do you have vaginal bleeding with any of these problems?

• Increased vaginal bleeding or you continue to have spotting or bleeding between your periods after 3 months of taking birth control pills. (Your dose may need to be adjusted.)
• Bleeding heavier than your normal period (you are saturating almost or equal to 1 full pad or tampon every hour).
• Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
• Increasing pain and tenderness in your vaginal area.
• Menstrual periods are abnormally heavy or last longer than 10 days.
• You pass many small or large clots with heavy menstrual periods and you are pale and feel very tired.

With vaginal pain, do you use an IUD for birth control and do any of the following conditions apply?

• The IUD was inserted during the last 4 to 6 weeks.
• The strings from the IUD cannot be felt.
• The IUD can be felt through the vagina. (An IUD can become embedded in the wall of the uterus. When this happens, surgery is needed to remove the IUD.)

Has a vaginal discharge or irritation been present for longer than 1 week despite using Self-Care?

Self-Care

For Vaginitis from Contact Dermatitis

• Avoid products that cause the problem (scented items, douches, feminine hygiene sprays, etc. ). Don’t scrub the affected area with a washcloth.
• Don’t wear tight and constricting garments (girdles, tight blue jeans, etc.).
• Use medicated wipes, such as Tucks, instead of dry toilet paper. Follow package directions.
• Add an oatmeal bath product (Aveeno) or baking soda to bath water.
• Apply an over-the-counter 1% hydrocortisone cream to the affected area. Use this infrequently, though. Hydrocortisone can lead to a thinning of the vaginal tissue.
• Put a cool compress on the affected area.
• Take a sitz bath every 4 to 6 hours or as needed. A sitz bath basin is a device that fits on the toilet seat and is used to cleanse the genital area. You can buy a sitz bath basin at a medical supply store and at some drug stores.
• Wash your underwear in a gentle detergent. Rinse it twice. Use only plain water for the second rinse. Don’t use fabric softener.

For Vaginal Yeast Infection

• For a repeat vaginal yeast infection, use an over-the-counter (OTC) vaginal medication, such as Monistat, if it treated the infection successfully in the past. Use it as directed.
• Let your health care provider know if you get yeast infections when you take an antibiotic. You may be told to use an antifungal product.
• Limit sugar and foods with sugar. Sugar promotes the growth of yeast.
• Eat yogurt and/or take an over-the-counter product that contains live cultures of lactobacillus acidophilus. Or, take an OTC product that has this.
• Take showers, not baths. Avoid bubble baths.
• Keep the vagina as clean and dry as possible.
• Wear cotton or cotton-lined underwear.
• Don’t wear garments that are tight in the crotch. Change underwear and workout clothes right away after you sweat.
• Wear knee-highs instead of panty hose, if possible. When you wear panty hose, wear one with a cotton crotch.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis – Platan Clinic

Attending physician: Obstetrician-gynecologist

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast vaginitis, thrush) is the most common cause of inflammatory disease of the vulva and vagina. Allocate acute and recurrent course of the disease. Most often, candidiasis occurs in women with a regular menstrual cycle, much less often in postmenopausal women not using estrogen-containing hormone therapy, and in girls before the onset of menstruation. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is caused by the fungus Candida, which usually lives in the gastrointestinal tract, sometimes in the vagina. By itself, the presence of candida does not cause any symptoms, but when the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina changes (due to medication or disorders in the immune system), the number of candida can increase and lead to the disease.

The most common symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis include:

• itching and irritation of the vulva and vagina;
• pain, irritation when urinating;
• pain during intercourse;
• redness and swelling in the vulva and vagina;
• in some women, the nature of the discharge from the genital tract does not change, some note abundant cheesy or watery discharge.

Symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis are similar to those of other diseases such as bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, dermatitis. Therefore, it is often difficult to find out whether the symptoms present are associated with a fungal infection.

Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis include:

• Antibiotics. Most antibiotics work against a wide range of bacteria, including bacteria that make up the normal microflora of the vagina, which protects against the development of a fungal infection.
• Hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patch, vaginal ring). The risk of developing a yeast infection is higher in women who use estrogen-containing contraceptives.
• Other forms of contraception. The vaginal sponge, diaphragm, intrauterine device may increase the risk of developing a yeast infection. Spermicides generally do not increase the risk of infection.
• Weakened immunity. Fungal infections are more common in people with a weakened immune system due to HIV or due to the use of certain drugs (steroids, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy).
• Pregnancy. During pregnancy, vaginal discharge always becomes more abundant, but is not necessarily accompanied by a yeast infection.
• Diabetes mellitus. Women with diabetes are at higher risk, especially if their blood sugar levels are often higher than normal.
• Sexual activity. Vaginal yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections. They can occur in women who are not sexually active, but are more common in women who are sexually active.

Burning Mouth Syndrome: How to Put Out the Flame

Burning Mouth Syndrome, Glossodynia, Glossopyrosis, Flaming Mouth Syndrome – these and many more names for this condition show how acute this problem is, how difficult it is to find a complete description for it. And, as practice shows, the search for causes and treatment also cause certain difficulties [1].

Glossodynia — what is it

Burning mouth syndrome, or glossodynia, is discomfort and even pain in the mouth, on the tongue, gums, mucous membranes, which are accompanied by a feeling that the mouth has been scalded with boiling water or medicine. This condition may be accompanied by dry mouth (xerostomia), loss of taste or smell. Sometimes people with a burning sensation in the mouth and on the tongue complain that they do not feel anything – not even the temperature of the food [1].

This condition develops suddenly, but may begin with a small tingling sensation in a limited area of ​​the mouth, and then spread further or worsen only in the same area. The symptoms of this condition are described by subjective complaints, they can be combined or single:

• sensation of burnt mucous membranes, burning pain. Most often, burning of the oral cavity is felt on the tongue, especially along its front edge and sides, as well as on the lips, on the inside of the cheeks, in the throat or throughout the mouth;
• feeling of tightness, burning and dryness of the mucosa in the mouth, from severe to episodic;
• change in taste, up to the complete loss of this sensation;
• the appearance of an unusual taste in food and drink, such as bitterness, metallic;
• decrease or loss of smell;
• Feeling that sensation in the mouth has disappeared, as if the mouth is frozen [2].

Symptoms of burning of the oral mucosa can manifest themselves in different ways throughout the day for several days and even months. Sometimes they begin at a certain time of the day, for example, after waking up, and by the end of the day they decrease or, conversely, intensify in order to quietly disappear and return again in the morning. The subjective characteristics of pain in burning mouth syndrome can vary significantly. In people with similar diseases and other life factors and conditions, the symptoms of this condition, their intensity, duration and prevalence can vary greatly [2].

Special mention should be made of the great social and personal significance of glossopyrosis. The fact is that sensations in this state can affect the quality of life in all its aspects: nutrition, sleep, rest and restoration of physical strength, communication, reactions to some stimuli. Those suffering from constant pain cannot sleep, have a rest, they have difficulties with eating and communicating. In an attempt to find the source of the problem, somehow eliminate it, they begin to pay a lot of attention to this condition. So, many note that with the advent of glossopyrosis, spots formed in their mouths, papillae enlarged, or the tongue began to look unusual. As practical observations have shown, in 50% or more cases, such changes are actually normal, in no way associated with the burning mouth syndrome, and the person had them before, he just did not notice them [2].

This is very important for diagnosis, because the appearance of some real clinical signs, obvious manifestations of trouble may indicate that the burning mouth syndrome did not arise by itself, it is not idiopathic, but there are some problems, prerequisites for its occurrence [3].

Causes of burning mouth syndrome

This condition may be associated with some general somatic or dental disease, or may occur on its own. As a rule, burning mouth syndrome refers to exactly the condition in which its source is unknown. It occurs spontaneously, and the patient cannot point to the cause or starting point of the complaint.

There are several theories for the development of this pathology, but none of them has yet been proven. The researchers of this problem as a theory of the origin of the syndrome made several assumptions. One of the most common is the theory of sex hormone deficiency, since complaints of chronic burning of the tongue are often made by women in pre- or postmenopause. True, when checking studies in this area, reliable statistical significance was not established, but, nevertheless, as a theory, this reason is supported by many practitioners [3].

“Women were more common among patients with flaming mouth syndrome. According to some studies, there were 10.3 times more women with complaints typical of this condition than men. PIMU [1]

There is an assumption that some autoimmune processes, especially those that occur in the elderly and senile age, can also be background for the occurrence of burning mouth syndrome [2].

It is possible that this disease occurs in people with neurological or mental disorders, depression. But this is also not a leading theory, since there are studies indicating that it was not depression that led to the onset of the syndrome, but, on the contrary, burning mouth syndrome became one of the causes of the development of a depressive episode. The same range of causes of burning in the mouth includes carcinophobia, especially in people who have quit smoking and are afraid of developing cancer of the lip or tongue, as well as in people with fear of household transmission of STDs [2].

Can lead to injury syndrome, including those not noticed by a person, associated with his habits, congenital or due to pathologies with malocclusion, anomalies of teeth. Some researchers note that individual changes in the sensitivity and density of the oral mucosa can lead to the development of glossopyrosis. A correlation was noted between mental lability and increased sensitivity of taste buds: in such people, the incidence of burning mouth syndrome was higher. In general, an approximate list of conditions and diseases in which the syndrome may appear is quite wide [3].

• In women, estrogen or progesterone deficiency.
• Autoimmune pathology.
• Neurological disorders, PTSD.
• Psychiatric disorders.
• Chronic irritation of the mouth, eg by malformed dentures.
• Sensory defects.

Diseases that may cause burning in the mouth:

• Anemia.
• Parkinson’s disease.
• Deficiency of B vitamins, zinc.
• Neuropathy.
• Hypothyroidism.
• Taking medicines.
• Diabetes mellitus type 2.
• Sjögren’s syndrome with xerostomia.
• Candidiasis of the oral mucosa, esophagus.
• Herpes.
• Fissures of the tongue.
• Allergy, including contact.
• Hiatus hernia.
• HIV.
• Myeloma.
• Oncological diseases [3].

What to do in case of burning mouth syndrome

The syndrome is etiologically and diagnostically complex, there is no treatment protocol for it and there is no possibility to develop treatment protocols. In each case, the approach and search for the reasons why it burns in the mouth will be individual. Therefore, if there is a burning sensation in the mouth, you need to contact your dentist, who, based on the results of the examination and assessment of the history, will give further recommendations for treatment.

If glossopyrosis is idiopathic, that is, the causes of its occurrence are not found, then drugs and methods will be selected to help alleviate or eliminate the symptoms. As possible treatment options, antidepressants, antipsychotics, tranquilizers, drugs that stimulate salivation, moisturizers can be prescribed. The doctor can connect the methods of physiotherapy – from rinsing to electrophoresis. Psychotherapy, taking dietary supplements may be effective. In the case of secondary burning mouth syndrome, it is necessary to diagnose and treat the disease against which the syndrome developed [4, 5].

Medical expert: Oleg Sergeevich Shchekin

Last updated: July 21, 2021

List of sources

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Saperkin N. V., Tiunova N. V., Sergeeva A. V. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the “flaming mouth” syndrome at the regional level // Medical Almanac. 2017. No. 4 (49). URL: https://cyberleninka. ru/article/n/kliniko-epidemiologicheskaya-harakteristika-sindroma-pylayuschego-rta-na-regionalnom-urovne (date of access: 02.10.2020).

Vasenev E. E., Alekhanova I. F., Popova A. N., Krainov S. V. Effectiveness of drug treatment of patients with stomalgia // Problems of Dentistry. 2018. No. 3. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/effektivnost-medikamentoznogo-lecheniya-bolnyh-stomalgiey (date of access: 10/14/2020).