What triggers unexpected nosebleeds. How to distinguish between anterior and posterior nosebleeds. Which underlying health conditions can lead to nosebleeds. Why dry air and medications might cause your nose to bleed. How to effectively stop a nosebleed at home. When should you seek medical attention for a nosebleed.

Understanding the Anatomy of Nosebleeds: Anterior vs. Posterior

Nosebleeds, while often alarming, are typically harmless and manageable. To better comprehend this common occurrence, it’s crucial to understand the two primary types of nosebleeds: anterior and posterior.

Anterior Nosebleeds: The Common Culprit

Anterior nosebleeds originate in the front part of the nose, specifically in the nasal septum. This area is rich in blood vessels that can easily rupture due to minor trauma or irritation. Why are anterior nosebleeds so common? The answer lies in the anatomy of the nose. The septum, which separates the nostrils, is easily accessible and vulnerable to damage from external factors such as nose-picking, dry air, or minor injuries.

Posterior Nosebleeds: A Rarer and More Serious Concern

In contrast, posterior nosebleeds start deeper within the nasal cavity. These are less common but potentially more dangerous. What makes posterior nosebleeds more serious? The blood from these nosebleeds can flow down the throat, potentially causing choking or aspiration. High blood pressure and severe facial injuries are often associated with posterior nosebleeds.

Unveiling the Hidden Causes of Unexpected Nosebleeds

When a nosebleed occurs without apparent reason, several underlying factors could be at play. Understanding these causes can help in prevention and management.

The Impact of Underlying Health Conditions

Certain health conditions can significantly increase the likelihood of experiencing nosebleeds. These include:

• Liver disease
• Kidney disease
• Chronic alcohol consumption
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Congestive heart failure
• Hypertensive crisis

How do these conditions lead to nosebleeds? In many cases, they affect blood clotting abilities or blood pressure, making the delicate blood vessels in the nose more prone to rupture.

The Role of Environmental Factors

Environmental conditions, particularly dry air, play a significant role in triggering nosebleeds. How does dry air cause nosebleeds? When the air lacks moisture, it can dry out the nasal passages, causing the delicate lining to crack and bleed. This is why nosebleeds are more common during winter months or in arid climates.

Medications and Nosebleeds: Understanding the Connection

Certain medications, particularly those that affect blood clotting, can increase the risk of nosebleeds. These include:

1. Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
2. Anti-platelet medications (e.g., clopidogrel bisulfate)
3. Aspirin
4. NSAIDs (e.g., naproxen)

Why do these medications cause nosebleeds? They interfere with the blood’s ability to clot, making it easier for even minor irritations to result in bleeding. For individuals with heart conditions like atrial fibrillation or those who’ve had a heart attack, these medications are often necessary despite the increased bleeding risk.

Nose Anatomy and Susceptibility to Bleeding

The structure of the nose makes it particularly prone to bleeding. The nasal septum, which divides the nostrils, contains a network of blood vessels close to the surface. This anatomical feature, while essential for warming and humidifying inhaled air, also makes the nose vulnerable to bleeding from minor injuries or irritations.

The Kiesselbach’s Plexus: A Hotspot for Nosebleeds

Within the nasal septum lies an area known as Kiesselbach’s plexus, or Little’s area. This region, where several arteries converge, is the most common site for nosebleeds. Why is this area so prone to bleeding? Its rich blood supply and proximity to the nasal opening make it susceptible to drying, irritation, and minor trauma.

Effective Strategies for Stopping a Nosebleed at Home

While nosebleeds can be unsettling, most can be effectively managed at home. Here’s a step-by-step guide to stopping a nosebleed:

1. Sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down your throat.
2. Pinch the soft part of your nose just below the bony bridge.
3. Apply constant pressure for at least 10-15 minutes without releasing.
4. Breathe through your mouth during this time.
5. After releasing pressure, avoid bending down, blowing your nose, or engaging in strenuous activities for several hours.

For persistent bleeding, a nasal decongestant spray can be used to constrict blood vessels before reapplying pressure. Is this method effective for all types of nosebleeds? While it works well for most anterior nosebleeds, posterior nosebleeds may require medical intervention.

Prevention Techniques: Minimizing the Risk of Future Nosebleeds

Preventing nosebleeds involves addressing the factors that make them more likely to occur. Here are some effective preventive measures:

• Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air, especially during dry seasons or in air-conditioned environments.
• Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly inside the nose using a cotton swab.
• Avoid picking or scratching inside the nose.
• Use saline nasal sprays to keep the nasal passages moist.
• Trim fingernails to reduce the risk of injury if you accidentally scratch inside your nose.
• Wear protective gear during activities that risk facial injury.

Can dietary changes help prevent nosebleeds? While not directly linked, a diet rich in Vitamin K and foods that support blood vessel health may be beneficial.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Nosebleeds

While most nosebleeds are harmless and self-limiting, certain situations warrant medical attention. These include:

• Nosebleeds lasting longer than 30 minutes despite applying pressure
• Frequent recurrence of nosebleeds
• Bleeding accompanied by dizziness or weakness
• Difficulty breathing due to bleeding
• Nosebleeds following a head injury
• Large amount of blood loss

Why is prompt medical attention important in these cases? These symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying condition or a posterior nosebleed that requires specialized treatment.

Advanced Medical Treatments for Persistent Nosebleeds

When home remedies and basic medical interventions fail to stop persistent or severe nosebleeds, more advanced treatments may be necessary. These can include:

Nasal Packing

This involves inserting special materials into the nose to apply pressure to the bleeding site. How long does nasal packing stay in place? Typically, it remains for 24 to 72 hours, depending on the severity of the bleed.

Cauterization

In this procedure, the blood vessel causing the problem is sealed using heat, electricity, or chemical agents. Is cauterization a permanent solution? While effective, it doesn’t guarantee that nosebleeds won’t recur from other blood vessels.

Embolization

For severe cases, especially posterior nosebleeds, embolization may be performed. This involves injecting material into the problematic blood vessel to block it. How is this procedure performed? It’s typically done by an interventional radiologist using imaging guidance.

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Nosebleed Frequency

Certain lifestyle choices can significantly influence the likelihood and frequency of nosebleeds. Understanding these factors can help in developing strategies to reduce their occurrence.

The Role of Alcohol and Tobacco

Chronic alcohol consumption and smoking can both contribute to an increased risk of nosebleeds. How do these substances affect nasal health? Alcohol can thin the blood and dilate blood vessels, while tobacco smoke irritates the nasal lining and dries out the mucous membranes.

Exercise and Nosebleeds

While exercise is generally beneficial for health, certain types of physical activity may increase the risk of nosebleeds. High-intensity workouts or exercises that involve sudden changes in blood pressure can trigger nosebleeds in susceptible individuals. What precautions can be taken? Proper warm-up, staying hydrated, and avoiding overexertion can help minimize this risk.

Nosebleeds in Special Populations: Children and the Elderly

The causes and management of nosebleeds can vary depending on age groups. Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate care and prevention.

Nosebleeds in Children

Nosebleeds are particularly common in children, often due to nose-picking, foreign object insertion, or minor injuries during play. How should parents respond to frequent nosebleeds in children? While most are harmless, recurrent nosebleeds should be evaluated by a pediatrician to rule out any underlying issues.

Nosebleeds in the Elderly

In older adults, nosebleeds can be more concerning due to the higher likelihood of underlying health conditions and medication use. Why are nosebleeds potentially more serious in the elderly? Factors such as hypertension, blood-thinning medications, and decreased tissue elasticity can make nosebleeds more frequent and harder to control in this population.

The Psychological Impact of Recurrent Nosebleeds

While often viewed solely as a physical issue, frequent nosebleeds can have significant psychological effects on individuals. The unpredictability and potential embarrassment associated with nosebleeds can lead to anxiety and social discomfort.

Coping Strategies for Frequent Nosebleed Sufferers

Developing coping mechanisms is crucial for those who experience recurrent nosebleeds. These may include:

• Always carrying necessary supplies (tissues, nasal sprays)
• Learning relaxation techniques to manage anxiety
• Educating friends and colleagues about the condition
• Joining support groups or online forums for shared experiences

How can healthcare providers address the psychological aspects of recurrent nosebleeds? A holistic approach that combines medical treatment with psychological support can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Nosebleed Management

The field of nosebleed management is continuously evolving, with new research shedding light on more effective treatments and prevention strategies.

Innovative Treatment Approaches

Recent studies have explored novel approaches to managing nosebleeds, including:

• Topical hemostatic agents that promote rapid blood clotting
• Advanced endoscopic techniques for precise identification and treatment of bleeding sites
• Gene therapy for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, a condition causing recurrent nosebleeds

How might these advancements change nosebleed management in the future? As research progresses, we may see more targeted, efficient, and less invasive treatments becoming standard practice.

The Role of Personalized Medicine

The future of nosebleed management may lie in personalized approaches tailored to individual risk factors and genetic profiles. Could genetic testing play a role in predicting nosebleed susceptibility? As our understanding of the genetic basis for bleeding disorders and vascular anomalies improves, personalized prevention and treatment strategies may become more prevalent.

In conclusion, while nosebleeds are common and often harmless, understanding their causes, types, and management strategies is crucial for effective care. From simple home remedies to advanced medical interventions, a range of options exists for dealing with nosebleeds. By staying informed and attentive to warning signs, individuals can manage this condition effectively and know when to seek professional help. As research continues to advance, we can look forward to even more effective and personalized approaches to nosebleed prevention and treatment in the future.

Here’s What Causes Nosebleeds and How to Stop Them

When an adult has a nosebleed for no apparent reason, it could be related to medications, health conditions, or simply dry air.

By Jennifer J. Brown, PhDMedically Reviewed by Justin Laube, MD

Reviewed: February 27, 2020

Medically Reviewed

Nosebleeds are common, but usually brief and harmless.Antonio Diaz/iStock

Nosebleeds are common, and while the cause may be unclear at first, most cases are minor and can be managed from home.

Immediate causes of nosebleeds include trauma to the nose from an injury, deformities inside the nose, inflammation in the nose, or, in rare cases, intranasal tumors. Any of these conditions can cause the surface blood vessels in the nose to bleed.

Types of Nosebleeds

There are two types of nosebleeds: those that originate in the front of your nose, called anterior nosebleeds, and those that start in the back of it, or posterior nosebleeds.

Anterior nosebleeds are very common and typically not that dangerous. These types of nosebleeds can usually be treated at home. The most common origin site of an anterior nosebleed is the septum, or the part of the nose that separates your nostrils. It contains many blood vessels that can break from a simple scratch or a blow to the face.

Posterior nosebleeds, on the other hand, are much less common. These begin deeper in the nose when the nasal cavity is damaged and bleeds. Posterior nosebleeds can be dangerous; for example if blood leaks into your throat. An injury to the nose and high blood pressure are the most common causes of posterior nosebleeds.

Causes of Nosebleeds

Sudden and inexplicable nosebleeds may seem scary, but typically they’re not. To put you at ease in case you have one, we’ve assembled a list of common culprits, as well as tips on how to treat a bleeding nose and when to seek medical care.

1. Underlying Health Conditions

Liver disease, kidney disease, chronic alcohol consumption, or another underlying health condition can lower your blood’s ability to clot and therefore cause your nose to bleed.

Heart conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) and congestive heart failure can also cause nosebleeds, as can hypertensive crisis — a sudden, rapid increase in blood pressure that may be accompanied by a severe headache, shortness of breath, and anxiety, according to the American Heart Association (AHA).

Colds, allergies, and frequent nose-blowing can also irritate the lining of your nose, resulting in a nosebleed.

2. Dry Air

Dry air from indoor heating or outdoor cold can dry out the lining of the nose, causing it to crack and bleed. Using a humidifier while sleeping can help relieve dryness, and nasal sprays are helpful for moistening the nostrils.

3. Foreign Objects

Nosebleeds can also occur if a foreign object is placed in the nose. This is most common among small children, who explore their world by putting objects in their mouth, nose, or ears. Examples of these items include small toys, pebbles, food, erasers, and dirt.

4

. Blood-Thinning Medications

Because blood clotting is a necessary step in preventing or stopping a nosebleed, any medication that changes the blood’s ability to clot can cause a bloody nose — or make one harder to stop. Examples include anticoagulants like Coumadin or Jantoven (warfarin), the anti-platelet medication Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate), over-the-counter drugs like aspirin, and prescription or over-the-counter NSAIDS like naproxen.

Many people with the heart condition atrial fibrillation (afib), an irregular heartbeat, take anticoagulant medication to prevent blood clots from forming. And if you’ve had a heart attack, your doctor may have recommended a daily aspirin to help prevent a recurrence. Blood clots can lead to a stroke or heart attack if they travel through the blood and reach the brain or heart, but the anticoagulant medications commonly used to prevent clots carry an increased risk of bleeding.

5

. Nose Picking or Scratching

Accidental injury to the blood vessels in the nostril from nose picking can cause a nosebleed. This is common in children, but also in adults who are prone to itching or scratching inside their nose.

How to Stop a Bloody Nose at Home

• While sitting and leaning forward, use direct pressure to stop bleeding by pinching your nostrils shut for at least 10 minutes, breathing through your mouth.
• Alternatively, you can make a nose-pinching device using tongue depressors and tape.
• If bleeding starts again, use a nasal decongestant spray (such as Afrin, Dristan, or Vicks Sinex) to constrict the blood vessels of your nose, and again apply direct pressure to stop bleeding.

To prevent another bloody nose, use saline and topical ointments to moisturize inside your nose, but only once bleeding has stopped. And avoid picking or scratching your nose.

When to Get Help for Nosebleeds

Although most nosebleeds can be treated at home, some are severe and require medical attention. Kevin Campbell, MD, a cardiologist at Wake Heart and Vascular in Raleigh, North Carolina, says “Nosebleeds are rarely life-threatening. But under certain circumstances, such as if you’re taking blood thinners like aspirin or warfarin, nosebleeds can be quite concerning and require medical care.” In such cases, your healthcare provider may need to adjust the dose of blood-thinning medication, he says.

Having more than one nosebleed a week is also a sign that you should talk to your doctor. “If nosebleeds are recurrent — whether or not you’re on blood-thinning medications — it’s reasonable to seek help from your primary care physician,” says Dr. Campbell. He adds that recurrent nosebleeds may point to other, more significant medical conditions.

“You should certainly seek medical attention in an emergency room if your nosebleed lasts longer than a few minutes, or if you’re unable to stop the bleeding with direct manual pressure,” Campbell says.

Additional reporting by Ashley Welch

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One minute you’re fine and the next a steady stream of blood is gushing from your nose. A nosebleed occurs when one of the many fragile surface blood vessels in the nose break. Even if the particular cause of a nosebleed is unknown, most cases are minor and treatable from home.

Patients experience two kinds of nosebleeds. An anterior nosebleed occurs when the blood vessels in the front of the nose break and bleed. A posterior nosebleed occurs in the back or the deepest part of the nose. In this case, blood flows down the back of the throat. Posterior nosebleeds can be dangerous.

A nosebleed that comes out of nowhere for no apparent reason, however, is rarely dangerous.  To ease your mind, we’ve compiled a list reasons your nose might be bleeding “for no reason.”

Dry Air

During the winter months, dry air from indoor heating or outdoor cold can dry the lining of the nose, causing it to crack and bleed. A humidifier used while sleeping may relieve dryness and saline nasal sprays can  moisten the nostrils.

Nose Picking or Scratching

Accidental injury to the blood vessels in the nostril from nose picking can also cause a nosebleed. This is common in children, but also in adults who are prone to itching or scratching inside their noses.

Compulsive and habitual nose picking in adults is often classified as a Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs). BFRB is a general term for a group of related disorders that includes hair pulling, skin picking, nail biting, and nose picking. These behaviors are not habits or tics; rather, they are complex disorders that cause people to repeatedly touch their hair and body in ways that result in physical damage. Unfortunately, many people are unfamiliar with BFRBs. If you think you may have a BFRB, the first things you can do is research and talk to your medical care provider.

Blood-Thinning Medications

Blood thinners prevent blood clots from forming and they also keep existing blood clots from getting larger. Clots in your arteries, veins, and heart can cause heart attacks, strokes, and blockages. You may take a blood thinner if you have:

• Certain heart or blood vessel diseases
• An abnormal heart rhythm called atrial fibrillation
• A heart valve replacement
• A risk of blood clots after surgery
• Congenital heart defects

Because blood thinners change the blood’s ability to clot, they can cause the nose to bleed or make one harder to stop.

Underlying Health Conditions

Liver disease, kidney disease, chronic alcohol consumption, or another underlying health condition can lower the blood’s ability to clot and cause the nose to bleed.

Heart conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) and congestive heart failure can also cause nosebleeds. Hypertensive crisis which is a sudden, rapid increase in blood pressure accompanied a severe headache, shortness of breath, and anxiety can also cause the nose to bleed.

If you have or suspect you have an underlying health condition, you need to speak with a medical professional right away.

How to Prevent Nosebleeds

While you can’t always prevent nosebleeds, you can reduce your chances of getting them:

• Dryness can cause nosebleeds. To combat dryness, use a cotton swab to apply petroleum jelly to the inside of your nose at least three times a day. You can also use an antibiotic ointment like Bacitracin or Polysporin.
• Spraying a saline nasal product in your nostrils helps keep the inside of your nose moist. There are plenty of saline mists on the market. If you constantly suffer from sinus problems you might consider a nasal saline irrigation. Nasal saline irrigation uses a salt and water solution to flush out the nasal passages. One of the most popular is the Neti pot.
• Use a humidifier. Your nostrils might be dry because the air in your house is dry.
• Don’t smoke. Smoking can irritate the inside of your nose and dry it out.
• Don’t pick your nose. Also, don’t blow or rub it too hard. If your child is getting nosebleeds, keep his fingernails short and discourage him from picking his nose.
• Don’t use cold and allergy medications too often. These can dry out your nose. In some cases, certain medications can cause nosebleeds or make them worse. You may need to discuss your medications with your doctor. But keep taking them unless your doctor tells you to stop.

If you have a nosebleed that will not go away or you have questions about nosebleeds, give us a call at (662) 348-3342 . We will be happy to schedule an appointment for you.

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Bleeding from the nose due to trauma usually does not raise questions, but if it occurs without any mechanical impact, and even more often, this should alert

What can be the causes of frequent nosebleeds and how they can be cured – tells otorhinolaryngologist of the clinic “Semeynaya” Olga Pavlovna Soloshenko.

If the bleeding does not occur from trauma and recurs periodically, it is better not to delay the visit to the ENT. After all, bleeding can be anterior and posterior – the second happens less often, but it is much more dangerous. With anterior bleeding, blood only goes out, with posterior bleeding, it flows into the mouth or stomach along the back of the pharynx. Posterior is usually caused by damage to larger vessels that are located deep in the nasal cavity. It is very difficult to stop back bleeding without a doctor.

Causes of nosebleeds:

• Trauma. Injury to the nose is often fraught with cartilage fractures. As a rule, this is accompanied by swelling and pain.
• High blood pressure. Very common cause. Due to a sharp jump, the walls of the capillaries easily burst. Pressure rises due to overload, as well as in the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Sunstroke and any sudden increase in body temperature.
• Overwork.
• Hormonal changes. Bleeding may occur in women during the months of pregnancy or menopause, and in adolescents at puberty.
• Dry air. It causes dryness of the mucous membrane.
• Poor blood clotting.
• ENT diseases. Sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis – all of them can cause bleeding, especially with the constant use of drugs that thin the mucous membrane.
• Vascular problems. Even infectious diseases such as chickenpox, measles, influenza, etc. can lead to them.
• Polyps, adenoids, tumors. In addition to occasional bleeding, they simply make breathing difficult.
• Foreign body – can damage the mucous membranes and blood vessels.
• Deficiency of vitamins K, C and calcium.

First aid rules for nosebleeds:

• Lie down (or position the patient) with legs down
• Tilt head forward
• Place a cold compress on the bridge of the nose for a few minutes
• Cover nose with hand or insert swab pre-soaked in hydrogen peroxide
• Drops for vasoconstriction can be instilled

Attention, this must not be done!

• Throwing the head back (contrary to popular belief) – blood can enter the respiratory tract
• Blow your nose – so as not to increase bleeding without it.

Which cases require an immediate call to a doctor and an ambulance

• In case of loss of consciousness
• For excessive bleeding
• Blood flows with clear fluid (this may occur after trauma and indicate a skull fracture)
• If vomiting of blood occurs (possibly indicating bleeding in the esophagus or stomach)
• Foamy blood (possible with lung injury)
• In a patient with diabetes mellitus
• If the patient is known to have poor blood clotting

Treatment

Treatment of bleeding is carried out in a complex manner. Often, an otorhinolaryngologist works in conjunction with a general practitioner, neurologist, endocrinologist, and hematologist.

At the first examination, the doctor determines the type of bleeding – anterior or posterior. Also, the patient is required to pass a general blood test and a coagulogram (analysis of blood coagulation indicators). In addition, it is important to measure the pressure, because if it is above the norm (the absolute norm is 120/80 mm Hg, but these figures change depending on age), the blood will not stop until it decreases.

In case of significant blood loss, the patient may be left in the hospital.

As a treatment for bleeding, it is possible to pack the nasal cavity, cauterize vessels (with drugs, laser, ultrasound, etc.), remove polyps. If there is no result, surgical ligation of vessels in problem areas is performed. In addition, drugs are prescribed that increase blood clotting.

Prevention

• Taking drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels
• Nutrition rich in vitamins and minerals
• Air humidification during the heating season
• Injury Prevention
• Monitoring blood pressure and taking medications to lower it

Nosebleeds are not only unpleasant, but also dangerous. Therefore, as soon as it begins to bother you regularly, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. It is better to exclude all the most terrible causes of such a phenomenon as soon as possible and then it is already calmer to engage in further treatment.

Make an appointment with an otolaryngologist

Be sure to consult a qualified specialist in the field of nose diseases at the Semeynaya clinic.

For prices for pediatric appointments or other questions, follow the link below

Tags OtolaryngologistTherapist

reasons why it goes, what to do if it often flows in adults and children

Table of contents

• Blood from the nose
• Causes of bleeding
• Species
• Symptoms
• Peculiarities
• In adults
• In children
• Possible complications and diseases
• What to do if nose bleeds often 9000 8
• Diagnosis
• When and which doctor to contact
• Treatment
• What is not recommended for nosebleeds
• Prevention

MOSCOW, January 19 – RIA Novosti. Nosebleeds are not always a dangerous symptom, but in certain situations, especially when they occur frequently, medical attention is required. The causes of nosebleeds in a child and an adult, under what diseases blood can flow and why you can’t lie in this condition – in the material of RIA Novosti.

Nosebleed

According to Ilya Almazov, Ph.D. The phenomenon is widespread among the entire population of the globe, about 60% of people during their lives have personally encountered this problem at least once. The central and protruding position of the nose in relation to the face makes it especially vulnerable to all kinds of injuries. At the same time, the rich blood supply of the nose and the presence inside it of a large number of blood vessels of the mucous membrane, close to the surface, predispose to bleeding not only from external physical influences, but also from changes in blood pressure and blood clotting. Most nosebleeds do not carry serious complications and can be eliminated even at home.

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reasons why blood

Expert identified the main causes of blood from the nose:

• Dry air leading to drying and thinning of the nasal mucosa. Under such conditions, even the usual daily toilet of the nose can damage the vessels of the mucosa and cause bleeding;
• active picking in the nose, blowing nose, putting foreign objects into the nose cause direct damage to the mucous membranes and blood vessels;
• concomitant inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis make the nasal mucosa loose and vulnerable;
• injuries to the head and face may be accompanied by severe nosebleeds, and in fractures of the base of the skull, even leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose;
• use of blood thinners such as aspirin, heparin, etc.;
• chemical irritants: substances in cleaning products, industrial fumes;
• a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure when climbing to a height;
• thinning of the mucosa due to frequent use of vasoconstrictor drops;
• blood diseases leading to increased bleeding – hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopenia, etc.

“Less common causes of epistaxis are alcohol use, bleeding disorders, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, facial and nasal surgery, tumors and nasal polyps, leukemia, pregnancy,” the expert added.

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Ilya Almazov clarifies that there are two main types of epistaxis.

Anterior nosebleed that starts at the anterior lower part of the nasal septum that separates both sides of the nose. The capillaries and small blood vessels in this area are fragile and are called “Kisselbach’s plexus” and can easily break and bleed. This is the most common type of nosebleed and is usually not serious. It is more common in children and in people who actively pick their nose. As a rule, does not require the help of a specialist.

Posterior nosebleed occurs deep inside the nasal cavity and is caused by damage to the larger blood vessels at the back of the nose near the throat. This is often severe haemorrhorrhea, which can run down the back of the throat, accumulate in the stomach, and cause blood to vomit. This type of epistaxis requires medical attention and is more common in adults.

© iStock.com / eternalcreativeNosebleed

© iStock.com / eternalcreative

Nosebleed

Symptoms

Slight bleeding with little blood loss does not cause much harm to the body and does not cause specific symptoms. But children and people with an unstable mental state can panic. With prolonged loss of blood, the following symptoms may appear:

• weakness in the body;
• dizziness;
• tinnitus;
• flies before eyes;
• palpitations;
• pale skin.

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If timely medical care is not provided at this stage, the symptoms worsen:

• shortness of breath appears and increases;
• blood pressure decreases;
• blue skin in the area of ​​the hands and feet.

Features

Bleeding from the nose can be different depending on age.

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In adults

nose – pathologies of ENT organs: sinusitis, rhinitis, abuse of vasoconstrictor drugs – all this leads to thinning of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages. Also a common cause is epistaxis against the background of arterial hypertension, when the thin walls of blood vessels are unable to cope with a sharp increase in pressure. The most common symptoms in adults are dizziness, severe weakness, tachycardia, tinnitus, and headache.

in children

© ISSTOCK.com / zinkevychenel stops the blood from the nose of the child

© Istock.com / zinkevych

Woman stops blood from the child

NAYA Georgieva also notes that children are most common The cause of blood from nose are injuries – both with blows to the nasal area, and with mechanical damage to the mucous membrane from the inside. Epistaxis in children is more often manifested by the outflow of blood from one nostril and may not be accompanied by concomitant symptoms.

Possible complications and illnesses

Complications of blood from the nose can be associated with both blood loss in general and ways to stop it. The most dangerous and frequent consequence is acute blood loss. It disrupts blood circulation and the normal functioning of the body, in particular, there is a decrease in hemoglobin and a decrease in the volume of red blood cells in the blood, anemia manifests itself, and the volume of circulating blood decreases. If bleeding continues, it can be fatal.

Complications associated with nosebleed stop methods relate to the anatomy and physiology of the mucous membranes. Thus, nasal tamponade can lead to compression of healthy vessels and disruption of the integrity of the nasal mucosa, which increases the risk of relapse.

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Bleeding from the nose may be associated with ongoing diseases, for example:

• infectious and allergic rhinitis;
• various tumors of the nose;
• mucosal atrophy;
• arterial hypertension;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• papillomavirus infection;
• pathology of the blood coagulation system.

What to do if your nose bleeds frequently

If your nose bleeds frequently, you should definitely consult a doctor to find out the cause and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis

© iStock.com / Tashi-Delek ECG

© iStock.com / Tashi-Delek

ECG

Determining the cause of a nosebleed begins with a history and general examination using a nasopharyngeal speculum and nasodilator. For an accurate diagnosis, additionally appoint:

• general clinical blood and urine tests;
• ultrasound;
• ECG;
• coagulogram;
• x-ray;
• MRI;
• CT.

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When and which doctor to contact

According to Ilya Almazov, if nosebleeds are regular, you should first contact a local doctor and an otorhinolaryngologist. If blood diseases are detected, the patient will be treated by a hematologist. Epistaxis can be a symptom of a number of diseases and be an independent phenomenon, so a thorough investigation is necessary. It is also necessary to contact a specialist if:

• bleeding has not stopped 15-20 minutes after all attempts to stop it;
• very rapid and voluminous bleeding, which threatens with blood loss;
• vomiting due to large amounts of swallowed blood;
• epistaxis due to trauma to the head and face;
• Feeling weak or tired, chills, shortness of breath, palpitations;
• bleeding began to occur with the start of a new drug;
• sudden nosebleeds accompanied by bruising and bruising all over the body.

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Treatment state. For example, if bleeding is associated with a violation of blood clotting, then hemostatics are prescribed, and if with hypovitaminosis, then a multivitamin complex is selected.

The first thing used to stop nose bleeding is anterior and posterior tamponade and hemostatic drugs. If such methods do not help, other procedures can be used:

• electrocoagulation – cauterization of blood vessels under the influence of electric current;
• radio wave method – cauterization of blood vessels using a special device that emits high-frequency radio waves through electrodes;
• cryocoagulation – cauterization of vessels with liquid nitrogen;
• laser coagulation – cauterization of blood vessels with a narrowly focused laser beam.

“Treatment of nosebleeds in a hospital setting involves acting on the cause that caused it, for example, high blood pressure, trauma. In addition, drugs that improve blood clotting are used – tranexamic acid, dicynone, etc. In severe cases posterior tamponade of the nose, endoscopic revision of the nasal cavity and transfusion of blood components help out,” said Ilya Almazov.

Acute, throbbing, squeezing: headache – causes and treatment or for help and notify about your condition. This is necessary in the event of the development of uncontrolled bleeding and to eliminate the risk of being left alone with the disease. It is necessary to calm down, remove all irritants, sit down, lean back slightly (but do not lie down). Put cold on the nose, press the nostrils with your fingers for 10 minutes and try again if necessary. It is useful to place cotton swabs in each nasal passage after applying two drops of Naphthyzinum on them. Naphthyzine constricts blood vessels and stops nosebleeds. If the bleeding does not stop within 20 minutes, you should consult a doctor.

“When bleeding from the nose, you can not throw your head back – otherwise the blood will enter the respiratory tract, provoke vomiting. When bleeding, it is forbidden to blow out blood, rinse your nose under pressure. You also can not take a horizontal position so as not to choke on blood,” added Neya Georgieva.

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• use saline nasal spray or saline nasal drops two to three times a day for each nostril to keep nasal passages moist.