Oral cortisone over the counter. Oral Cortisone: Uses, Side Effects, and Interactions – Comprehensive Guide
What are the main uses of oral cortisone. How does cortisone work in the body. What are the common side effects of cortisone tablets. When should you avoid taking cortisone. How does cortisone interact with other medications.
Understanding Oral Cortisone: A Comprehensive Overview
Cortisone, a potent glucocorticoid, is widely used in medical practice for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Available as an oral tablet in its generic form, cortisone plays a crucial role in managing various health conditions. This article delves into the intricacies of oral cortisone, exploring its uses, mechanisms, side effects, and important considerations for patients and healthcare providers alike.
The Therapeutic Applications of Oral Cortisone
Cortisone’s versatility in treating a wide array of medical conditions makes it a valuable tool in modern medicine. Its primary applications include:
- Adrenocortical insufficiency
- Arthritis (including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis)
- Allergic conditions and seasonal allergies
- Asthma
- Ulcerative colitis
- Anemia
- Lupus
- Severe skin conditions, such as psoriasis
How does cortisone effectively treat such diverse conditions? Cortisone’s ability to reduce inflammation and modulate immune responses allows it to address the underlying mechanisms of many diseases. By suppressing overactive immune responses and reducing inflammatory processes, cortisone can alleviate symptoms and improve overall health outcomes in patients suffering from these conditions.
Mechanism of Action: How Cortisone Works in the Body
To understand cortisone’s effectiveness, it’s essential to explore its mechanism of action. Cortisone belongs to a class of drugs called glucocorticoids, which are synthetic versions of hormones naturally produced by the adrenal glands. When administered, cortisone:
- Inhibits the release of inflammatory molecules
- Suppresses immune system responses
- Reduces swelling and inflammation throughout the body
By modulating these physiological processes, cortisone effectively manages symptoms associated with various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Its ability to act on multiple systems within the body contributes to its wide-ranging therapeutic effects.
Common Side Effects and Safety Considerations
While cortisone can be highly effective, it’s crucial to be aware of potential side effects. Common adverse reactions may include:
- Confusion and mood changes
- Headache
- Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting)
- Skin problems (acne, thinning skin, increased sweating)
- Sleep disturbances
- Weight gain
Are these side effects a cause for immediate concern? In many cases, mild side effects may resolve on their own within a few days or weeks. However, patients should always communicate any persistent or severe side effects to their healthcare provider. It’s important to note that the benefits of cortisone treatment often outweigh the risks when used appropriately under medical supervision.
Serious Side Effects Requiring Immediate Attention
While less common, some serious side effects of cortisone require immediate medical attention. These may include:
- Allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, swelling of face or tongue)
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- Muscle weakness or osteoporosis
- Gastrointestinal ulcers
- Vision problems (glaucoma)
- Convulsions
Patients experiencing any of these severe side effects should seek immediate medical care. Prompt intervention can prevent complications and ensure appropriate management of adverse reactions.
Special Precautions and Warnings for Cortisone Use
Certain conditions and situations require special consideration when using cortisone. Healthcare providers and patients should be aware of the following warnings:
Infection Risk and Immunosuppression
Cortisone can weaken the body’s ability to fight infections. This increased susceptibility to infections is a critical consideration, especially for patients with pre-existing conditions or those exposed to infectious agents. How can patients minimize this risk? Precautions include:
- Avoiding contact with individuals who have contagious illnesses
- Maintaining good hygiene practices
- Promptly reporting any signs of infection to a healthcare provider
Chickenpox and Measles Warning
Patients taking cortisone who have not been vaccinated or previously infected with chickenpox or measles are at increased risk of severe complications if exposed to these viruses. Why is this warning particularly important? These viral infections can become life-threatening in immunosuppressed individuals. Patients should avoid contact with infected individuals and seek immediate medical attention if exposure occurs.
Contraindications in Active Infections
Cortisone is generally contraindicated in patients with active fungal, bacterial, or viral infections. The immunosuppressive effects of cortisone can exacerbate existing infections, potentially leading to severe or even fatal outcomes. Healthcare providers must carefully evaluate a patient’s current health status before initiating cortisone therapy.
Drug Interactions and Considerations
Cortisone can interact with various medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements. These interactions may alter the effectiveness of cortisone or increase the risk of side effects. Some notable interactions include:
Live Vaccines
Patients taking cortisone should not receive live vaccines. Why is this contraindication crucial? The immunosuppressive effects of cortisone can interfere with the body’s ability to build immunity from the vaccine, potentially leading to vaccine-induced infections. Examples of live vaccines to avoid include:
- Live influenza vaccine
- Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine
- Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine
Other Potential Interactions
Cortisone may interact with various medications, including:
- Anticoagulants (blood thinners)
- Certain antibiotics
- Antidiabetic medications
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Certain antifungal medications
How can patients ensure safe medication use? It’s crucial for patients to inform their healthcare providers about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking. This comprehensive medication review allows for appropriate dosage adjustments and monitoring of potential interactions.
Dosage and Administration Guidelines
The appropriate dosage of cortisone varies depending on the specific condition being treated, the patient’s age, and overall health status. Typically, cortisone is administered in tablet form, with dosages ranging from 5 mg to 60 mg per day, divided into multiple doses.
Importance of Proper Dosing
Why is adherence to prescribed dosing crucial? Cortisone therapy often requires careful titration to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing side effects. Patients should never adjust their dosage without consulting their healthcare provider, as abrupt changes in cortisone levels can lead to adverse effects or withdrawal symptoms.
Tapering and Discontinuation
When discontinuing cortisone therapy, especially after long-term use, a gradual tapering of the dose is typically necessary. This tapering process helps prevent adrenal insufficiency and allows the body to resume normal hormone production. Healthcare providers will develop individualized tapering schedules based on the duration of treatment and the patient’s response.
Long-Term Use and Monitoring
Patients on long-term cortisone therapy require regular monitoring to assess treatment efficacy and detect potential complications. What aspects of health should be monitored? Key areas of focus include:
- Bone density (to detect osteoporosis)
- Blood glucose levels
- Blood pressure
- Electrolyte balance
- Ocular health (to screen for glaucoma or cataracts)
- Growth and development in pediatric patients
Regular check-ups and laboratory tests allow healthcare providers to make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan and address any emerging concerns promptly.
Strategies for Minimizing Long-Term Side Effects
To mitigate the risk of long-term side effects associated with cortisone use, healthcare providers may implement strategies such as:
- Using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible
- Implementing alternate-day dosing schedules when appropriate
- Prescribing calcium and vitamin D supplements to support bone health
- Recommending lifestyle modifications to support overall health
These approaches help balance the therapeutic benefits of cortisone with the potential risks associated with prolonged use.
Patient Education and Self-Management
Empowering patients with knowledge about their cortisone therapy is crucial for ensuring safe and effective treatment. Key points for patient education include:
- Understanding the importance of taking cortisone as prescribed
- Recognizing signs of potential side effects or complications
- Knowing when to seek medical attention
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support overall well-being
- Carrying medical identification indicating cortisone use
How can patients actively participate in their care? Encouraging open communication between patients and healthcare providers fosters a collaborative approach to managing cortisone therapy. Patients should feel comfortable discussing any concerns or questions about their treatment, enabling timely adjustments and optimized care.
Lifestyle Considerations
Patients taking cortisone may benefit from adopting certain lifestyle practices to support their overall health and minimize potential side effects. These may include:
- Maintaining a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
- Engaging in regular, weight-bearing exercise to support bone health
- Practicing stress-reduction techniques
- Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption
- Adhering to recommended vaccination schedules (excluding live vaccines)
By incorporating these practices, patients can contribute to the overall success of their cortisone therapy and maintain better health outcomes.
Future Directions and Research in Cortisone Therapy
As medical science continues to advance, research into cortisone and other glucocorticoids remains an active area of investigation. Current and future research directions include:
- Developing novel formulations with reduced systemic side effects
- Exploring targeted delivery methods for specific conditions
- Investigating combination therapies to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects
- Studying long-term outcomes and optimizing treatment protocols
How might these advancements impact patient care? Ongoing research holds the promise of improving the therapeutic index of cortisone, potentially offering more targeted and safer treatment options for patients with inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
Personalized Medicine Approaches
The field of pharmacogenomics is shedding light on how individual genetic variations can influence responses to cortisone therapy. This emerging area of study may lead to more personalized treatment approaches, allowing healthcare providers to tailor cortisone regimens based on a patient’s genetic profile. Such advancements could potentially enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.
In conclusion, oral cortisone remains a valuable tool in the management of various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. While its use carries potential risks and requires careful monitoring, the benefits often outweigh the drawbacks when administered appropriately. As research continues to evolve, patients and healthcare providers can look forward to more refined and personalized approaches to cortisone therapy, further improving outcomes and quality of life for those requiring this important medication.
Cortisone, Oral Tablet
Highlights for cortisone
- Cortisone oral tablet is only available as a generic drug. It doesn’t have a brand-name version.
- Cortisone only comes as a tablet you take by mouth.
- Cortisone oral tablet is used to treat a variety of conditions. These can include adrenocortical insufficiency, arthritis, allergies, and ulcerative colitis. It’s also used to treat anemia, lupus, and skin conditions, including severe psoriasis.
- Chickenpox and measles warning: This drug can weaken your body’s ability to fight infections. Try to stay away from people who have chickenpox or measles, especially if you haven’t been vaccinated or haven’t had these diseases before. Call your doctor right away if you have contact with anyone who has these diseases while you’re taking this drug.
- Infections warning: You shouldn’t take this drug if you have an infection. These include fungal, bacterial, or viral infections. Cortisone can weaken your body’s response to infections. This means that your infection may be severe or even fatal (cause death). This drug can also cover up symptoms of infection. If you have any signs of infection, call your doctor right away.
Cortisone oral tablet is a prescription drug. It’s only available as a generic drug.
Why it’s used
Cortisone helps to decrease inflammation and immune responses. It can also be used as replacement therapy for certain hormones.
This drug is used to treat several conditions. These include:
- adrenal insufficiency
- arthritis, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
- allergic conditions, such as seasonal allergies
- asthma
- ulcerative colitis
- anemia
- lupus
- skin conditions, such as severe psoriasis
How it works
Cortisone belongs to a class of drugs called glucocorticoids. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.
Cortisone is a steroid drug. It helps decrease swelling and inflammation in your body. It works by stopping the release of molecules that cause inflammation. This also stops your body from having an immune response.
Cortisone oral tablet doesn’t cause drowsiness. However, it can cause other side effects.
More common side effects
The more common side effects of cortisone can include:
- confusion
- excitement
- restlessness
- headache
- nausea
- vomiting
- skin problems, including:
- acne
- thin skin
- heavy sweating
- redness
- trouble sleeping
- weight gain
If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Serious side effects
Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:
- Allergic reactions. Symptoms can include:
- skin rash
- itching
- hives
- swelling of your face, lips, or tongue
- Fluid and electrolyte problems. These can include:
- fluid retention
- heart failure, with symptoms such as:
- shortness of breath
- fast heart rate
- swelling of your arms and legs
- high blood pressure
- Muscle problems. Symptoms can include:
- muscle weakness
- broken bones in your spine
- osteoporosis
- tendon rupture
- Stomach problems. These can include:
- peptic ulcer, with symptoms such as:
- upper stomach pain
- black, tarry stools
- pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), with symptoms such as:
- upper stomach pain
- nausea
- vomiting
- peptic ulcer, with symptoms such as:
- Slowed growth in children
- Glaucoma. Symptoms can include:
- blurry vision
- double vision
- eye pain
- Convulsions
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare provider who knows your medical history.
Cortisone oral tablet can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.
To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with cortisone are listed below.
Drugs you should not use with cortisone
Do not receive live vaccines while you’re taking cortisone. Examples of these drugs include:
- live flu vaccine
- measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR)
If you receive a live vaccine, your body might not be able to build up resistance to the virus in the vaccine. The virus can spread in your body and cause an infection.
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare provider about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.
Cortisone oral tablet comes with several warnings.
Allergy warning
Cortisone can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:
- skin rash
- itching or hives
- swelling of your face, lips, or tongue
If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor or local poison control center right away. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.
Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).
Warnings for people with certain health conditions
For people with infections: Don’t take this drug if you have a fungal, bacterial, or viral infection. Cortisone can weaken your body’s response to infections. This can be severe or fatal. The drug can also cover up the symptoms of an infection.
For people with high blood pressure or heart problems: This drug can raise your blood pressure. It can also make heart conditions worse.
For people with diabetes: Ask your doctor if this drug is safe for you. Cortisone can increase your blood sugar. You may need to test your blood sugar level more often. Your doctor may also change the dosage of your diabetes drugs.
For people with glaucoma or eye problems: This drug increases your risk of eye infections. Ask your doctor if this drug is safe for you.
For people with stomach or intestinal problems: This drug can irritate your stomach and intestines. This can make your condition worse. Ask your doctor if this drug is safe for you.
For people with liver problems: Ask your doctor if this drug is safe for you. It may make your liver problems worse.
For people with kidney problems: Ask your doctor if this drug is safe for you. It may make your kidney problems worse.
For people with seizures: Ask your doctor if this drug is safe for you. It may make your condition worse.
For people with psychiatric and mood disorders: Ask your doctor if this drug is safe for you. It may make your condition worse.
Warnings for other groups
For pregnant women: There has not been enough research done on the use of cortisone in pregnant women. Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Ask your doctor to tell you about the specific harm that may be done to the fetus. This drug should only be used if the potential risk is acceptable given the drug’s potential benefit.
Call your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking this drug.
For women who are breastfeeding: This drug may pass into breast milk and cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. These side effects include slowed growth and development. Talk to your doctor about breastfeeding your child. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication.
For children: It has not been confirmed that cortisone is safe and effective for use in people younger than 18 years.
This dosage information is for cortisone oral tablet. All possible dosages and forms may not be included here. Your dose, form, and how often you take it will depend on:
- your age
- the condition being treated
- how severe your condition is
- other medical conditions you have
- how you react to the first dose
Forms and strengths
Generic: Cortisone
- Form: Oral tablet
- Strengths: 25 mg
Dosage for all conditions
Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)
- Typical dosage: 25–300 mg per day. Your doctor will decide your dosage depending on your condition.
Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)
Cortisone has not been confirmed as safe and effective for use in people younger than 18 years.
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.
Cortisone oral tablet is used for both short-term and long-term treatment. The length of your treatment will depend on your condition. It comes with risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.
If you stop taking this drug suddenly or don’t take it at all: You may have withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking this drug suddenly. If you need to stop taking it, your doctor will slowly reduce your dosage over time.
If you don’t take this drug at all, your condition won’t be treated and may get worse.
If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.
If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms of an overdose of this drug can include:
- insomnia (trouble falling or staying asleep)
- nervousness
- increased appetite
- indigestion
If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or seek guidance from the American Association of Poison Control Centers at 800-222-1222 or through their online tool. But if your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
What to do if you miss a dose: Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, call your doctor or pharmacist. You might need to miss a dose or take an extra dose depending on the condition you’re treating. Don’t take an extra dose without checking with your doctor or pharmacist.
How to tell if the drug is working: You should have fewer symptoms and decreased inflammation.
Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes cortisone oral tablet for you.
General
- Take cortisone with food and a glass of water. This may help reduce upset stomach.
- Take this drug in the morning.
- You can cut or crush the oral tablet
Storage
- Store cortisone at room temperature. Keep it between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
- Keep this drug away from light.
- Don’t store this medication in moist or damp areas, such as bathrooms.
Refills
A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.
Travel
When traveling with your medication:
- Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
- Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They can’t hurt your medication.
- You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled container with you.
- Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.
Clinical monitoring
You and your doctor should monitor certain health issues during your treatment. This can help make sure you stay safe while you take this drug. These issues include:
- blood pressure levels
- blood sugar levels (if you have diabetes)
- potassium levels
Your diet
This drug may cause you to retain salt and water. It may also affect your potassium levels. Your doctor may tell you to take potassium supplements or reduce how much salt you eat.
Availability
Not every pharmacy stocks this drug. When filling your prescription, be sure to call ahead to make sure your pharmacy carries it.
There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk to your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.
Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.
Hydrocortisone: a steroid used to treat many health conditions
1.
About hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone is a steroid (corticosteroid) medicine.
It works by calming down your body’s immune response to reduce pain, itching and swelling (inflammation).
It can also be used as hormone replacement for people who do not have enough of the natural stress hormone, cortisol.
Hydrocortisone is used to treat many health problems. The medicine comes in different forms, including skin creams for the body and scalp, injections and tablets. The type of hydrocortisone you use will depend on your health problem.
2. Skin problems: hydrocortisone cream, ointment or lotion
If you’re treating a skin problem with hydrocortisone, it will usually be with a cream, ointment or lotion. These can be used for skin problems like:
- eczema and contact dermatitis (when the skin reacts to something it touches)
- prickly heat rash
- reactions to insect bites and stings
- psoriasis
- nappy rash
Find out more about hydrocortisone for skin.
3. Piles and itchy bottom: hydrocortisone cream, ointment or suppositories
Hydrocortisone comes as cream, ointment or suppositories specially for inside and around the anus (bottom). It can be used to treat:
- piles (haemorrhoids)
- an itchy bottom
Find out more about hydrocortisone treatments for piles and itchy bottom.
4. Mouth ulcers: hydrocortisone tablets that melt on the inside of your mouth
Buccal tablets stick gently to the inside of your mouth and release hydrocortisone as they dissolve. Buccal tablets relieve the pain of mouth ulcers.
Find out more about hydrocortisone buccal tablets.
5. Painful joints: hydrocortisone injections
Hydrocortisone injections are used to treat swollen and painful joints in people with injuries and arthritis. They help to reduce pain and swelling (inflammation).
Injections are also used to treat painful tendons and bursitis.
Find out more about hydrocortisone injections.
6. Adrenal gland conditions: hydrocortisone tablets
You may take hydrocortisone tablets if your body does not make enough cortisol – for example if you have Addison’s disease, or if you’ve had your adrenal glands taken out.
The tablets can also be prescribed for hypopituitarism, a rare condition affecting the pituitary gland.
Find out more about hydrocortisone tablets.
Page last reviewed: 22 December 2020
Next review due: 22 December 2023
What is a yeast infection?
Most healthy women have yeast in their vagina. But sometimes the yeast grows too strong and leads to infection. Yeast infections can be very annoying and unpleasant.
What causes yeast infections?
Vaginal yeast infection, also sometimes called vulvovaginal candidiasis, occurs when the healthy yeast that normally lives in the vagina gets out of control. This often results in itching and other annoying symptoms. The medical name for a yeast infection is “ candidiasis ” because they are usually caused by a type of yeast called candida.
When the immune system is reduced, the normal yeast that lives in the vagina can grow too large and lead to infection. Causes that may cause changes in your vaginal environment:
- normal changes in hormone levels (as during the menstrual cycle)
- antibiotics, cortisone and other drugs
- pregnancy
- diabetes mellitus
- weak immune system
- natural reaction to another person’s genital chemistry
Yeast infections can also occur on the penises and scrotum, but not as often. They can cause redness and irritation on your penis or scrotum.
Yeast infections are not STDs (these are infections that are passed from one person to another during vaginal, anal and oral sex). They are not contagious and cannot be passed on to another person during sex. But sexual contact sometimes leads to yeast infections—your body chemistry can react to the other person’s natural genital yeast and the bacteria that causes the yeast to grow.
People can also get a yeast infection in their mouth, throat, or tongue—this is called thrush.
What are the symptoms of a yeast infection?
Yeast infections often cause a curdled, white, lumpy vaginal discharge that usually does not smell (or smells only slightly different than usual).
Most yeast infections result in itching, burning and/or redness in or around the vagina. Vaginal itching usually gets worse the longer you have the infection. Sex may be uncomfortable or painful. In extreme cases, you may get cracks or sores on your vagina or vulva. If you have severe irritation, you may experience pain when urinating.
How to treat yeast infections?
Yeast infections can usually be easily treated in a few days with an antifungal medication. You can purchase medicated creams or suppositories for yeast infections.
Be sure to follow instructions and take all medicines, even if your symptoms go away before you are done. You can also treat yeast infections with one tablet (diflucan or fluconazole). Need a prescription from a doctor to get a yeast infection pill.
Do not have vaginal or oral sex until you have completed treatment and the infection has gone. Friction from sex may cause more irritation or make treatment more difficult. Some medications you use inside your vagina contain oil, which can cause condoms to break.
Even though yeast infections can be very itchy, try not to scratch the itch. This can aggravate irritation or scratch the skin, through which germs can spread and lead to more infections. There are over-the-counter creams that can be used on the vulva to soothe irritation. Your doctor can also give you tips to relieve burning and itching.
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