What are the findings of the study on the susceptibility of drug-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 strains to essential oils of ginger, thyme, hyssop, and sandalwood. The article provides a comprehensive summary of the research.

Resistance to Antiviral Drugs in Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have become a growing concern, particularly among immunocompromised patients, due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Several studies have reported the increasing incidence of acyclovir-resistant HSV infections, which can pose significant challenges in clinical management.

Studies have found that resistance to antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, can develop in HSV-infected patients, especially those undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation or other immunosuppressive treatments. The genetic characterization of these drug-resistant HSV strains has revealed various mutations in the viral thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase genes, which confer resistance to commonly used antiviral medications.

Potential of Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents

Given the growing problem of drug resistance, researchers have been exploring alternative treatment options, including the use of essential oils. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of essential oils, such as those derived from ginger, thyme, hyssop, and sandalwood, to exhibit antiviral activity against HSV.

The antimicrobial and antiviral properties of essential oils are attributed to their complex chemical compositions, which can interfere with viral replication and disrupt the integrity of viral membranes. These natural compounds have shown promising results in inhibiting the replication of both acyclovir-susceptible and acyclovir-resistant HSV strains in laboratory studies.

Susceptibility of Drug-Resistant HSV-1 Strains to Essential Oils

The study explored the susceptibility of drug-resistant clinical HSV-1 strains to the essential oils of ginger, thyme, hyssop, and sandalwood. The researchers collected various HSV-1 isolates from immunocompromised patients, including those resistant to acyclovir, and tested the antiviral activity of the selected essential oils against these strains.

Findings of the Study

The study found that the essential oils of ginger, thyme, hyssop, and sandalwood exhibited potent antiviral activity against both acyclovir-susceptible and acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains. The essential oils were able to inhibit viral replication and reduce viral titers in a dose-dependent manner.

Interestingly, the researchers observed that the drug-resistant HSV-1 strains were not cross-resistant to the essential oils, suggesting that these natural compounds may offer a viable alternative or complementary approach to managing HSV infections, even in the face of antiviral drug resistance.

Mechanisms of Action

The study delved into the potential mechanisms by which the essential oils exerted their antiviral effects. The researchers proposed that the complex chemical compositions of the oils, which include terpenes, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive constituents, may disrupt various stages of the viral replication cycle, such as viral entry, nucleic acid synthesis, and viral assembly.

Additionally, the essential oils may also exhibit direct virucidal activity, inactivating the viral particles and preventing their ability to infect host cells. These findings suggest that the essential oils could be a promising alternative or complementary approach to managing HSV infections, especially in cases where drug resistance is a concern.

Implications and Future Research

The study’s findings have important implications for the management of HSV infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients who are at higher risk of developing drug-resistant strains. The potential of essential oils to overcome antiviral drug resistance highlights the need for further research and clinical evaluation of these natural compounds as alternative or adjuvant therapies for HSV infections.

Future studies should focus on the optimization of essential oil formulations, evaluation of their safety and tolerability, and assessment of their efficacy in clinical settings. Additionally, investigating the synergistic effects of essential oils in combination with conventional antiviral drugs may provide valuable insights into the development of more effective and comprehensive treatment strategies for managing HSV infections.

Susceptibility of Drug-Resistant Clinical Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Strains to Essential Oils of Ginger, Thyme, Hyssop, and Sandalwood

1. Andrei, G., J. Balzarini, P. Fiten, E. De Clercq, G. Opdenakker, and R. Snoeck. 2005. Characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase mutants selected under a single round of high-dose brivudin. J. Virol. 795863-5869. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

2. Carson, C. F., L. Ashton, L. Dry, D. W. Smith, and T. V. Riley. 2001. Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil gel (6%) for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48450-451. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

3. Chakrabarti, S., D. Pillay, D. Ratcliffe, P. A. Cane, K. E. Collinghan, and D. W. Milligan. 2000. Resistance to antiviral drugs in herpes simplex virus infections among allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: risk factors and prognostic significance. J. Infect. Dis. 1812055-2058. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

4. Chen, Y., V. Scieux, V. Garrait, G. Socié, V. Rocha, J. M. Molina, D. Thouvenot, F. Morfin, I. Hocqueloux, L. Garderei, H. Esperou, F. Selimi, A. Dervergie, G. Lelen, M. Aymard, F. Morinet, E. Gluckman, and P. Ribaud. 2000. Resistent herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: an emerging concern after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clin. Infect. Dis. 31927-935. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

5. Chibo, D., J. Druce, J. Sasadeusz, and C. Birch. 2004. Molecular analysis of clinical isolates of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus. Antivir. Res. 6183-91. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

6. Christophers, J., J. Clayton, J. Craske, R. Ward, P. Collins, M. Trowbridge, and G. Darby. 1998. Survey of resistance of herpes simplex virus to acyclovir in northwest England. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42868-872. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

7. Cox, S. D., C. M. Mann, J. L. Markham, H. C. Bell, J. E. Gustafson, J. R. Warmington, and S. G. Wyllie. 2000. The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). J. Appl. Microbiol. 88170-175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

8. De Clercq, E. 2004. Antiviral drugs in current clinical use. J. Clin. Virol. 30115-133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

9. Gaudreau, A., E. L. Hill, H. H. Balfour, Jr., A. Erice, and G. Boivin. 1998. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex viruses from immunocompromised patients. J. Infect. Dis. 178297-303. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

10. Hill, E. L., G. A. Hunter, and M. N. Ellis. 1991. In vitro and in vivo characterization of herpes simplex virus clinical isolates recovered from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 352322-2328. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

11. Inoue, Y., A. Shiraishi, T. Hada, K. Hirose, H. Hamashima, and J. Shimada. 2004. The antibacterial effects of terpene alcohols on Stapylococcus aureus and their mode of action. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 237325-331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

12. Knopf, C. W. 1987. The herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene: site of phosphonoacetic acid resistance mutation in strain Angelotti is highly conserved. J. Gen. Virol. 681429-1433. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

13. Koch, C., J. Reichling, and P. Schnitzler. Essential oils inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). In R. R. Watson and V. R. Preedy (ed.), The encyclopedia of herbal medicine in clinical practice, in press. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.

14. Morfin, F., G. Souillet, K. Bilger, T. Ooka, M. Aymard, and D. Thouvenot. 2000. Genetic characterization of thymidine kinase from acyclovir-resistant and acyclovir-susceptible herpes simplex virus type 1 isolated from bone marrow transplant recipients. J. Infect. Dis. 182290-293. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

15. Parris, D. S., R. A. Dixon, and P. A. Schaffer. 1980. Physical mapping of herpes simplex virus type 1 ts mutants by marker rescue: correlation of the physical and genetic maps. Virology 100275-287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

16. Reichling, J. 2001. Australian and New Zealand tea tree oil as the source of noval antiinfective agents, p. 69-80. In E. Wildi and M. Wink (ed.), Trends in medicinal plant research. Romneya-Verlag, Dossenheim, Germany.

17. Reichling, J., C. Koch, E. Stahl-Biskup, C. Sojka, and P. Schnitzler. 2005. Virucidal activity of a beta-triketone-rich essential oil of Leptospermum scoparium (manuka oil) against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in cell culture. Planta Med 711123-1127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

18. Reichling, J., U. Suschke, J. Schneele, and H. K. Geiss. 2006. Antibacterial activity and irritation potential of selected essential oil components—structure-activity relationship. Nat. Prod. Commun. 11003-1012. [Google Scholar]

19. Reusser, P. 1996. Herpesvirus resistance to antiviral drugs: a review of the mechanisms, clinical importance and therapeutic options. J. Hosp. Infect. 3235-248. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

20. Rösen-Wolff, A., T. Ben-Hur, Y. Becker, and G. Darai. 1988. Comparative analysis of the transcripts mapped in the BamHI DNA fragment B of avirulent HSV-1 HFEM, virulent HSV-1 F, and their intratypic recombinant viruses. Virus Res. 10315-324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

21. Saijo, M., T. Suzutani, E. De Clercq, M. Niikura, A. Maeda, S. Morikawa, and I. Kurane. 2002. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the thymidine kinase of ACV-resistant HSV-1 derived from an acyclovir-sensitive herpes simplex virus type 1 strain. Antiviral Res. 56253-262. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

22. Sasadeusz, J. J., F. Tufuro, S. Safrin, K. Schubert, M. M. Hubinette, P. K. Cheung, and S. L. Sacks. 1997. Homopolymer mutational hot spots mediate herpes simplex virus resistance to acyclovir. J. Virol. 713872-3878. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

23. Schnitzler, P., K. Schön, and J. Reichling. 2001. Antiviral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture. Pharmazie 56343-347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

24. Schöndorf, E., U. Bahr, M. Handermann, and G. Darai. 2003. Characterization of the complete genome of the tupaia (tree shrew) adenovirus. J. Virol. 774345-4356. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

25. Schuhmacher, A., J. Reichling, and P. Schnitzler. 2003. Virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Phytomedicine 10504-510. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

26. Shogan, B., L. Kruse, G. B. Mulamba, A. Hu, and D. M. Coen. 2006. Virucidal activity of a GT-rich oligonucleotide against herpes simplex virus mediated by glycoprotein B. J. Virol. 804740-4747. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

27. Siddiqui, Y. M., M. Ettayebi, A. M. Haddad, and M. N. Al-Ahdal. 1996. Effect of essential oils on the enveloped viruses: antiviral activity of oregano and clove oils on herpes simplex virus type 1 and Newcastle disease virus. Med. Sci. Res. 24185-186. [Google Scholar]

28. Sivropoulou, A., C. Nikolaou, E. Papanikolaou, S. Kokkini, T. Lanaras, and M. Arsenakis. 1997. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiviral activities of Salvia fructicosa essential oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 453197-3201. [Google Scholar]

29. Söderberg, T., A. Johannson, and R. Gref. 1996. Toxic effects of some conifer resin acids and tea tree oil on human epithelial and fibroblast cells. Toxicology 10799-109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

30. Stranska, R., R. Schuurman, E. Nienhuis, I. W. Goedegebuure, M. Polman, J. F. Weel, P. M. Wertheim-Van Dillen, R. J. M. Berkhout, and A. M. van Loon. 2005. Survey of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus in the Netherlands: prevalence and characterization. J. Clin. Virol. 327-18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

31. Whitley, R. J. 2001. Herpes simplex virus, p. 2461-2509. In D. M. Knipe, P. M. Howley, and D. F. Griffin (ed.), Fields virology, 4th ed., vol. 2. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. [Google Scholar]

32. Whitley, R. J., M. Levin, N. Barton, B. J. Hershey, G. Davis, R. E. Keeney, J. Welchel, A. G. Diethelm, P. Kartus, and S. J. Soong. 1984. Infections caused by herpes simplex in the immunocompromised host: natural history and topical acyclovir therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 150323-329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Essential Oils for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | Chemotherapy

Skip Nav Destination

Review Articles|
June 24 2019

Paul Schnitzler

[email protected]

Chemotherapy (2019) 64 (1): 1–7.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000501062

Article history

Received:

April 16 2019

Accepted:

May 19 2019

Published Online:

June 24 2019

Content Tools

• 
  
  
  
  Views
  
  
  
  • Article contents
  • Figures & tables
  • Video
  • Audio
  • Supplementary Data
  • Peer Review




• 
  
  
  
  Share
  
  
  
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Email

  
  

• 
  
  
  
  Tools
  
  
  

  • 
    
    
    Get Permissions
    
    

    
    

  • 
    
    
    Cite Icon
    
    Cite
    

  
  




• 
  
  
  Search Site
  

Citation

Paul Schnitzler; Essential Oils for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. Chemotherapy 17 July 2019; 64 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501062

Download citation file:

• Ris (Zotero)
• Reference Manager
• EasyBib
• Bookends




• Mendeley




• Papers




• EndNote
• RefWorks
• BibTex

toolbar search

Advanced Search

Infections with herpes simplex virus type (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 are distributed worldwide. Although standard therapies with acyclovir and other synthetic drugs are available, the safety and efficacy of these drugs are limited due to the development of drug resistance and adverse side effects. The literature on essential oils and isolated compounds was reviewed regarding their antiviral activities against HSV-1 and HSV-2. The present overview aims to review experimental data and clinical trials focusing on the antiviral activity of selected essential oils and isolated oil components. HSV was found to be susceptible to many essential oils and their constituents. Whereas some essential oils and compounds exhibit direct virucidal activity or inhibit intracellular replication, many essential oils and compounds interact with HSV particles thereby inhibiting cell adsorption. Ayclovir-resistant HSV strains are also susceptible to essential oils since their mode of action is different from the synthetic drug. There are numerous publications on the antiherpetic activity of essential oils and their isolated active compounds. This field of research is still growing, and more clinical trials are required to explore the full potential of different essential oils for the topical treatment of herpetic infections.

Keywords:

Herpes simplex virus,
Essential oil,
Antiviral activity,
Terpenes,
Acyclovir resistance

You do not currently have access to this content.

Don’t already have an account? Register

Digital Version

Rental

This article is also available for rental through DeepDyve.

DoTerra Oregano Essential Oil – “Natural therapeutic essential oil that can be ingested!”

Probably only lazy people have not heard about DoTerra. Particularly heard are those people who are spinning in the healthy lifestyle environment, and extensive advertising has flooded the entire Internet.
For aromatherapy, I use other German oils of good quality, but more comfortable for me at a price. And then the question arose about taking the essential oil of Oregano inside. Why? Because it is a super mega effective remedy for immunity, especially for the prevention of urinary and respiratory infections! I have an unpleasant history with relapses of cystitis, as well as an unfavorable viral situation in the world now. Plus, I had been ill with covid, although with almost no symptoms, but the x-ray showed 25% lung damage with a diagnosis of bilateral pneumonia with damage to the three lower sections of the lungs. They prescribed all sorts of medicines and antibiotics, but I haven’t been drinking such poison for a long time, and again I decided to use my natural methods, especially since I felt completely healthy and didn’t see the need to poison myself like that with chemistry. Especially antibiotics. Nature is full of very powerful natural antibiotics, one of which is oregano oil. So I decided to buy this oil and start taking it. DoTerra is one of a very small number of manufacturers of essential oils in the world that are medicinal and therapeutic, that is, safe and suitable for ingestion, which have undergone appropriate clinical studies. But it is not just accepted. And 3 drops of this oil are diluted in 1 teaspoon of cold-pressed black cumin oil.

And drink it on an empty stomach 20 minutes before meals or at night once a day. Plus, to these funds, I connected the alcohol tincture of Propolis (10%) inside and Ognevka (alcohol tincture of wax moth larvae). Plus special breathing practice. Why was this course created? To understand, you can google about the properties of all these tools, and everything will become clear.
But you can’t find DoTerra products on store shelves just like that, you need to look for a distributor. I found through Facebook. I needed here and now! It turned out to be not easy, everyone said that they would first order it, and only after two weeks they would be able to sell it. It did not suit me, it was necessary to be treated immediately. I barely found one woman who had a bottle lying around) I bought it! Here is what the manufacturer writes about it:0004

It is quite pungent, so it is diluted with another oil, mixed in a spoon with a toothpick. Together with black cumin, they at times enhance the effectiveness of each other. But it does not burn the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity, only the lips a little.
Cooks use it as a seasoning and flavoring for first and second courses.

In 1979, Dr. Paul Belaiche conducted research on the antimicrobial properties of essential oils and documented the results of his work. Forty essential oils were studied, of which he singled out Oregano oil as the most powerful, affecting a wide range of microorganisms. Oregano inhibits the growth of pathogens that we deal with every day. Here they are:

Proteus (intestinal infection)
Neisseria (ear and sinus infection, meningitis)
Staphilococcus (food poisoning, latent infections)
Pneumococc (lung infections, pneumonia)
Streptococcus (acute pharyngitis, bacteria) al pneumonia, meningitis, etc. .)

Medicinal properties: anti-inflammatory, rejuvenating, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiseptic. Immunostimulator.

What diseases to use: abscess, boils, bacterial infection, anthrax, asthma, bronchitis, bursitis, cholera, pain, chronic pain, herpes, respiratory infections, influenza, sore throat, sore throat, tonsillitis, whooping cough, viral and bacterial pneumonia, pneumonia, cough, tuberculosis, calluses, diarrhea, digestive problems, indigestion, food poisoning, viral colitis, diphtheria, dysentery, Epstein-Barr virus, fibroids, fungal skin infection, foot fungus, gallbladder infection, gangrene , cyst, gonorrhea, syphilis, immunosuppression, Lyme disease, oral infection, mouth ulcers, fever, pancreatitis, parasites, pneumonia, radiation injury (internal), typhoid fever, arthritis, rheumatism, muscle pain, vaginal infection, vaginal Candida, cystitis.

In general, enough time has passed, I am alive and well, I decided to take oil courses on an ongoing basis, as my friends who have been drinking it for years have forgotten about SARS in general. I also forgot about SARS for a long time, and even suffered the crown almost without noticing it, but thanks to my diet and healthy lifestyle. But now this is happening with these strains that it is better to help the immune system. So I recommend!

Natural antibiotic oregano essential oil

Description

Oregano essential oil is a powerful remedy for all types of parasites. Removes giardia, protozoa, roundworms and tapeworms. The most powerful tool in the fight against candida, yeast infections resistant to fluconazole. Has powerful cleansing properties.

Main ingredients:
60-80% carvacrol
0.5-10% thymol

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

• Oil of oregano powerful immunomodulator and antioxidant.
• Supports the health of the respiratory system. Eliminates inflammatory processes, increases the productivity of breathing, has an antitussive and expectorant effect.
• Oregano oil is a powerful alternative to antibiotics.
• Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiseptic (especially for the respiratory system) properties.
• An effective antiviral agent for influenza epidemics. It has an antibacterial and antiviral effect for colds, herpes, tonsillitis, runny nose.
• Essential oil of oregano helps to restore the health of articular tissue in arthritis and arthrosis.
• Optimizes the functioning of the liver and gallbladder. Normalizes the process of splitting and excretion of fats from the body: reduces weight, removes cellulite. Very good at lowering bad cholesterol. It has a slight diuretic and diaphoretic effect.
• Normalizes the work and enhances the enzymatic activity of the gastrointestinal tract, eliminating spasms. It has a regenerating effect on mucous membranes.
• Oregano oil supports digestive health by promoting the secretion of digestive juices. Helps to work well with your appetite and portion size.
• An effective remedy for eczema, furunculosis, pustular skin lesions.
• Antihemorrhoidal agent. Has a hemostatic effect.
• It has a sedative, calming effect, eliminates neuroses and fears. Helps to overcome persistent insomnia. Promotes rapid recuperation.
• For women: eliminates menopausal complications and delays in menstruation.

INFLUENCE ON EMOTIONS
Oregano oil breaks through the shell of life and teaches people the same. Removes blocks, clears negativity and cuts off bad attachments. Oregano is a powerful, rather forced, spicy oil.
Essential oil of oregano (oregano) helps a person fixated on his rightness. For which there are always two opinions – one’s own and the wrong one. An ossified will can deprive them of the ability to learn and the desire to delve into anything. They stand by their opinion to the last and, even going to the bottom, they hold on to their convictions.

The aroma of oregano at the deepest level disperses materialism that hinders growth and progress with stubbornness. By consuming this essential oil, a person may feel compelled to end a toxic relationship, quit a hateful job, or end a destructive habit. Oregano invites you to live in non-attachment, including liberation from rigidity, self-will, bad attachments and materialism.

NEGATIVE EMOTIONS: bad attachments, pride, self-confidence, stubbornness, materialism, control
BENEFITS: modesty, detachment, willingness, learning, flexibility

Application

Inhalation:

Diffuser: 1-3 drops per 15 m2. Oregano oil goes well with all essential oils, spices, and especially with citrus fruits. A good combination with lemon oil, where lemon softens the effect of oregano.

Use 1-3 drops per day in a diffuser for the respiratory system and restore even breathing. Apply daily or in courses. Or use 1-2 drops of oil in Veggie Caps orally.

Internal use:
Best taken internally in the evening before bed during or after meals 1-2 drops in a vegetable capsule

Antioxidants.
For antioxidant support, reducing oxidation and free radical damage, take Regano by adding 1-2 drops to a veggie capsule.

For digestion.
For digestive problems, take 1-2 drops of Regano Vegetarian Capsule with or after a meal.

For immunity
To support strong immunity, use 1-2 drops of oil internally:
in Veggie Caps
in 1 tsp of honey,
in 120 ml of drink (soy/rice milk/water)
1 time per day, daily or courses, as needed.

In cooking.
Add regano oil and basil to marinara sauce. The sauce goes well with pasta, pizza, bread sticks, etc.

Oregano adds flavor to spaghetti sauce, pizza sauce, roasts, etc. Because the regano is very strong, you can drop it on a spoon first and then use a toothpick to gradually add the oil to the recipe.

When preparing sauces for spaghetti, pizza or stir-fries, replace dried oregano (oregano) with 1 drop of essential oil.

External use: diluted 1-2 drops with base oil in a ratio of 1/10 (fractionated coconut oil, olive oil, etc.) can be used on the projection of the lungs (chest and back) and stimulate metabolic processes in the respiratory tract.

Aroma bath: 1-3 drops on salt or bath foam.
Aroma medallion: 1-2 drops.

Warming
Dilute 1 q Oregano with 10 q Fractionated Coconut Oil before applying to feet.

Spray: 100 ml water/3-10 drops of oil.

Skin
For problematic skin, mix 1-2 drops of oil with fractionated coconut oil (1:2 or 1:3 ratio). With increased skin sensitivity, dilute 1-2 drops of oil in a larger amount of fractionated coconut oil.