How is clotrimazole used in pediatric patients. What are the key considerations for parents when using clotrimazole for children. What are the potential side effects and precautions for clotrimazole use in kids.

Understanding Clotrimazole and Its Uses in Pediatric Care

Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat various fungal infections in children. It is available in different formulations, including topical creams, lotions, and vaginal products. This versatile drug plays a crucial role in managing conditions like diaper rash, athlete’s foot, and vaginal yeast infections in pediatric patients.

Common Uses of Clotrimazole in Children

• Treating fungal skin infections
• Managing diaper rash with fungal involvement
• Addressing athlete’s foot in older children
• Treating vaginal yeast infections in adolescent girls

Parents often wonder about the safety and efficacy of clotrimazole for their children. Is clotrimazole safe for use in pediatric patients? When used as directed by a healthcare provider, clotrimazole is generally considered safe and effective for treating fungal infections in children. However, it’s essential to follow the prescribed dosage and application instructions carefully.

Formulations and Brand Names of Clotrimazole for Pediatric Use

Clotrimazole is available under various brand names and formulations in the United States. Some common over-the-counter (OTC) options include:

• 3 Day Vaginal
• Alevazol
• Antifungal (Clotrimazole)
• Desenex
• GoodSense Athletes Foot
• Micotrin AC
• Pro-Ex Antifungal

These products come in different forms, such as creams, lotions, and vaginal suppositories, to address various fungal infections effectively.

Administering Clotrimazole to Children: Key Considerations

When using clotrimazole for pediatric patients, parents and caregivers should be aware of several important factors. How should clotrimazole be applied in children? The application method depends on the formulation and the affected area. For topical products, apply a thin layer to the affected skin and gently rub it in. For vaginal products, follow the specific instructions provided with the medication.

Important Points to Remember

1. Always consult a healthcare provider before using clotrimazole in children
2. Use the medication only for its intended purpose and on the specified areas
3. Follow the recommended dosage and duration of treatment
4. Wash hands before and after applying the medication
5. Avoid using the product on large areas of skin or for extended periods without medical supervision

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

While clotrimazole is generally well-tolerated, it’s crucial to be aware of potential side effects and take necessary precautions. What are the most common side effects of clotrimazole in children? The most frequently reported side effects include mild skin irritation, burning sensation, or itching at the application site. These effects are usually temporary and subside as treatment continues.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Parents should contact a healthcare provider immediately if their child experiences any of the following:

• Signs of an allergic reaction (rash, hives, difficulty breathing)
• Severe irritation or burning at the application site
• Blisters or oozing sores
• Persistent or worsening symptoms despite treatment

Special Considerations for Vaginal Use in Adolescents

When using clotrimazole for vaginal yeast infections in adolescent girls, there are additional factors to consider. How should vaginal clotrimazole be used in teenage girls? It’s crucial to ensure that the diagnosis is correct and that the product is appropriate for the patient’s age. Parents should discuss the use of vaginal antifungal products with a healthcare provider before initiating treatment.

Important Guidelines for Vaginal Use

• Do not use in girls who have not yet started menstruating
• Avoid douching or using other vaginal products during treatment
• Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve
• Consider alternative birth control methods during treatment, as clotrimazole may affect the efficacy of barrier methods

Drug Interactions and Contraindications

While clotrimazole is generally safe, it’s essential to be aware of potential drug interactions and contraindications. Are there any medications that interact with clotrimazole in children? Although topical clotrimazole has minimal systemic absorption, it’s always best to inform the healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and health conditions the child may have.

Contraindications for Clotrimazole Use

• Known allergy to clotrimazole or any ingredients in the product
• Nail or scalp fungal infections (topical clotrimazole is not effective for these conditions)
• Use in infants without medical supervision

Parents should always consult a healthcare provider before using clotrimazole in children with chronic medical conditions or those taking multiple medications.

Proper Storage and Handling of Clotrimazole Products

Ensuring proper storage and handling of clotrimazole products is crucial for maintaining their effectiveness and safety. How should clotrimazole products be stored at home? Store clotrimazole products at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep them out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.

Tips for Safe Storage and Use

• Check the expiration date before each use
• Do not use products that have changed color or consistency
• Keep the container tightly closed when not in use
• Do not share personal care products, even among family members
• Dispose of unused or expired medication properly

Alternative Treatments and Preventive Measures

While clotrimazole is an effective treatment for fungal infections, it’s also important to consider preventive measures and alternative treatments. How can parents help prevent fungal infections in children? Maintaining good hygiene practices, keeping the skin dry, and avoiding sharing personal items can significantly reduce the risk of fungal infections.

Preventive Strategies for Common Fungal Infections

1. Change diapers frequently and keep the diaper area clean and dry
2. Encourage children to wear breathable, moisture-wicking fabrics
3. Teach proper foot hygiene, especially for children involved in sports
4. Avoid tight-fitting clothing that can trap moisture
5. Promote regular hand washing and good personal hygiene habits

In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend alternative treatments or complementary therapies alongside clotrimazole. These may include dietary changes, probiotics, or other antifungal medications, depending on the specific condition and the child’s overall health.

Long-term Management and Follow-up Care

Effective management of fungal infections often requires more than just short-term treatment. What should parents do after completing a course of clotrimazole treatment? It’s important to monitor the affected area for signs of improvement and to follow up with the healthcare provider as recommended.

Key Points for Long-term Management

• Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve
• Monitor the affected area for any signs of recurrence
• Implement preventive measures to reduce the risk of future infections
• Keep regular check-ups with the pediatrician or dermatologist
• Discuss any concerns or persistent symptoms with the healthcare provider

By maintaining open communication with healthcare providers and following proper treatment and prevention strategies, parents can help ensure the best possible outcomes for their children when dealing with fungal infections.

Education and Support for Parents and Caregivers

Educating parents and caregivers about the proper use of clotrimazole and management of fungal infections is crucial for successful treatment outcomes. How can healthcare providers support parents in managing their child’s fungal infection? Providing clear, accessible information and resources can empower parents to make informed decisions and effectively care for their children.

Resources for Parent Education

• Written instructions for medication use and application techniques
• Informational brochures or websites about common fungal infections in children
• Support groups or online forums for parents dealing with recurrent infections
• Follow-up appointments or telemedicine consultations for ongoing support
• Educational videos demonstrating proper application techniques

By providing comprehensive education and support, healthcare providers can help parents feel more confident in managing their child’s fungal infections and using clotrimazole effectively.

Research and Future Developments in Pediatric Antifungal Treatments

As medical research continues to advance, new developments in antifungal treatments for children are emerging. What are some promising areas of research in pediatric antifungal therapy? Scientists are exploring novel formulations, combination therapies, and alternative delivery methods to improve the efficacy and safety of antifungal treatments for children.

Emerging Trends in Pediatric Antifungal Research

1. Development of longer-acting formulations to reduce treatment duration
2. Investigation of natural antifungal compounds for potential therapeutic use
3. Exploration of nanotechnology-based delivery systems for improved drug penetration
4. Studies on the role of the microbiome in fungal infection susceptibility and treatment
5. Research into personalized antifungal therapies based on genetic factors

While clotrimazole remains a valuable tool in treating fungal infections in children, ongoing research may lead to even more effective and tailored treatment options in the future.

Conclusion: Empowering Parents in Pediatric Fungal Care

Clotrimazole plays a vital role in managing fungal infections in children, offering an effective and generally safe treatment option for various conditions. By understanding the proper use, potential side effects, and important considerations surrounding clotrimazole, parents can confidently care for their children’s health under the guidance of healthcare professionals.

As research continues to advance, the landscape of pediatric antifungal treatments may evolve, potentially offering even more targeted and efficient therapies. In the meantime, combining medical treatments like clotrimazole with preventive measures and ongoing education remains the best approach to managing fungal infections in children.

Parents should always consult with healthcare providers for personalized advice and treatment plans, ensuring the best possible care for their children’s unique needs. With proper knowledge, support, and medical guidance, families can effectively navigate the challenges of pediatric fungal infections and promote their children’s overall health and well-being.

Clotrimazole (Topical: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Pediatric Medication

This information from Lexicomp^® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider.

Brand Names: US

3 Day Vaginal [OTC]; Alevazol [OTC]; Antifungal (Clotrimazole) [OTC]; Antifungal Clotrimazole [OTC]; Clotrimazole 3 Day [OTC]; Clotrimazole Anti-Fungal [OTC]; Clotrimazole GRx [OTC] [DSC]; Desenex [OTC]; GoodSense Athletes Foot [OTC]; Gyne-Lotrimin 3 [OTC] [DSC]; Gyne-Lotrimin [OTC] [DSC]; Micotrin AC [OTC]; Mycozyl AC [OTC]; Pro-Ex Antifungal [OTC]; Shopko Athletes Foot [OTC] [DSC]; TM-Clotrimazole [OTC]; Votriza-AL [OTC]

What is this drug used for?

• It is used to treat fungal infections of the skin.
• This drug is used to treat vaginal yeast infections.
• It may be given to your child for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

What do I need to tell the doctor BEFORE my child takes this drug?

All products:

• If your child is allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell the doctor about the allergy and what signs your child had.

All skin products:

• If your child has nail or scalp infections. This drug will not work to treat nail or scalp infections.

This drug may interact with other drugs or health problems.

Tell the doctor and pharmacist about all of your child’s drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe to give this drug with all of your child’s other drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug your child takes without checking with the doctor.

What are some things I need to know or do while my child takes this drug?

All products:

• Tell all of your child’s health care providers that your child is taking this drug. This includes your child’s doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists.
• This drug may cause harm if swallowed. If this drug is swallowed, call a doctor or poison control center right away.

If your child is pregnant or breast-feeding a baby:

• Talk with the doctor if your child is pregnant, becomes pregnant, or is breast-feeding a baby. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to your child and the baby.

Vaginal cream:

• This drug is not approved for use in all children. Talk with the doctor to be sure that this drug is right for your child.
• If vaginal yeast infections happen often, talk with the doctor.
• Protect clothing and fabrics from staining.
• Do not give to your child if she has belly pain, fever, or bad-smelling discharge. Talk with the doctor.
• Do not give to your child for itching caused by a health problem other than a yeast infection. Talk with the doctor.
• Do not let your child douche or use other vaginal products like tampons while she is using this drug. Your child may need to avoid these things for some time after the last dose. If you have questions, talk with your child’s doctor.

If your child is or may be sexually active:

• Condoms or diaphragms may not work to prevent pregnancy or stop the spread of diseases passed through sex while using this drug and for a period of time after your child stops this drug. Your child will need to use some other kind of birth control for some time after the last dose. Be sure you know how long your child will need to do this.

What are some side effects that I need to call my child’s doctor about right away?

WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your child’s doctor or get medical help right away if your child has any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect:

All products:

• Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Irritation where this drug was used.
• Blisters or sores that ooze, drain, or crust over.
• Burning.
• Swelling where this drug is used.

Vaginal cream:

• Upset stomach or throwing up.
• Bad-smelling vaginal discharge.
• Stomach pain.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your child’s doctor or get medical help if your child has any side effects that bother your child or do not go away.

These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your child’s doctor. Call your child’s doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to your national health agency.

How is this drug best given?

Give this drug as ordered by your child’s doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.

All skin products:

• Keep using this drug as you have been told by your child’s doctor or other health care provider, even if your child’s signs get better.
• Wash your hands before and after use.
• Do not give by mouth. Use on your child’s skin only. Keep out of your child’s mouth, nose, and eyes (may burn).
• Clean affected part before use. Make sure to dry well.
• Put a thin layer on the affected part and rub in gently.
• Do not use coverings (bandages, dressings, make-up) unless told to do so by the doctor.

Vaginal cream:

• Keep using this drug as you have been told by your child’s doctor or other health care provider, even if your child’s signs get better.
• Use at bedtime for best results.
• Wash your hands before and after use.
• Do not give this drug by mouth. For vaginal use only. Keep out of your child’s mouth, nose, and eyes (may burn).
• Dry the outside vaginal area all the way after your child showers, bathes, or swims. Be sure your child does not swim for 9 to 12 hours after using this drug. Have your child change out of wet bathing suits or damp workout clothes right away.

If your child is or may be sexually active:

• Vaginal sex must be avoided while using this drug.

What do I do if my child misses a dose?

• Put on a missed dose as soon as you think about it.
• If it is close to the time for your child’s next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your child’s normal time.
• Do not put on 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

How do I store and/or throw out this drug?

• Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.
• Keep lid tightly closed.
• Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.
• Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

General drug facts

• If your child’s symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your child’s doctor.
• Do not share your child’s drug with others and do not give anyone else’s drug to your child.
• Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your child’s doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
• If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer

This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider’s examination and assessment of a patient’s specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www. wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Last Reviewed Date

2020-09-18

Copyright

© 2023 UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors. All rights reserved.

Last Updated

Monday, December 12, 2022

Pediatric Fungal Infections

US Pharm. 2014;39(5):8-11.

Parents of infants and young children are justifiably
concerned about any medical condition they notice in their child. Some
of these conditions, such as common fungal infections, are minor and may
be self-treated, while others should be referred to a physician.
Pharmacists should be prepared to provide appropriate counseling to
parents in these situations.

Tinea Corporis

Tinea corporis is also known as tinea circinata or “ringworm” of the body.¹ It is one of a group of fungal infections, closely related to tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) and tinea cruris (jock itch).² The dermatophytic fungi responsible for these infections include Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum canis.
These and the other fungal pathogens all proliferate in conditions of
high temperature and high humidity, making them more common in regions
of the globe with warmer climates, such as tropical and subtropical
areas.²

Whereas tinea pedis and tinea cruris are more common in
postpubertal patients, tinea corporis is more common in those who are
prepubertal. Person-to-person contact can spread the infection.³
Common sites for contracting ringworm include day care centers and any
location where children gather to engage in activities involving skin
contact, such as summer camps. Contact with contaminated fomites is also
responsible for transmission.³

Tinea corporis is also caused by a set of pathogens that
are common on animal skin; thus, another way it is contracted is through
petting and playing with a dog or cat. Kittens and puppies are
especially likely to pass the infection.⁴ Other animal vectors identified by the CDC are cows, goats, pigs, and horses.

Given these modes of dissemination, the epidemiologic
preference for children is logical. Younger children are more likely to
engage in activities that transfer fungi, such as play involving
skin-to-skin contact and petting strange kittens or puppies that roam
their neighborhood.

Other factors also increase risk of infection. Patients
who already have tinea pedis or tinea cruris are more likely to develop
tinea corporis, as the fungi spread to any area where conditions are
favorable for growth. Wearing tight clothing and having excess body
weight are also contributory.²

The locations involved with tinea corporis are the face, trunk, and extremities.²
The condition excludes the feet, scalp, groin, and hands, as tinea
infections in these locations are given other designations (e.g., tinea
pedis, capitis, cruris, and manuum). The fungi penetrate the skin at an
initial entry point and begin to live on the upper layer of dead skin
scales (stratum corneum). ⁵ Patients may initially notice a
flat, scaly area. The fungi grow outward in a roughly circular manner
from the initially infected area. The leading edge of growth is
inflamed, reddened, and raised slightly above the surrounding skin. As
the growth line expands outward, the skin in the central portion of the
lesion may begin to appear more normal.² The result is often a
ring of red, inflamed skin sharply differentiated from the uninfected
skin, often with a more healthy-looking center. This characteristic
presentation reflects the old notion that there is a worm beneath the
skin, circling in on itself.⁶ What appears as a worm is in reality the active growth margin. Infected patients often complain that the rash is pruritic.

Treatment: Several non-prescription products
can be recommended for treatment of tinea corporis. Patients should be
advised to apply these to external skin as directed after cleaning the
area with a mild soap; to keep them away from the eyes; and to supervise
children who require them. First-generation antifungals are applied
twice daily for 4 weeks to effect a cure of tinea corporis, and they
should not be used in anyone aged <2 years. Ingredients in this class
include undecylenic acid (e.g., Fungi Cure Liquid), tolnaftate (e.g.,
Tinactin), miconazole (e.g., Micatin Cream), and clotrimazole (e.g.,
Lotrimin AF).²

Second-generation antifungals are characterized by shorter
times to cure for tinea corporis and also by more restrictive age
cutoffs. Terbinafine (e.g., Lamisil AT) cures tinea cruris if used once
daily for 1 week. Butenafine (e.g., Lotrimin Ultra Cream) cures tinea
corporis if used once daily for 2 weeks. They should not be used for
tinea corporis in those aged <12 years.²

Pharmacists should avoid products that claim to be safe
and effective for tinea corporis but are lacking in evidence. One is
Blue Star Ointment, which contains a mix of ingredients (i.e., salicylic
acid, methyl salicylate, menthol, camphor, benzoic acid, lanolin, aloe
vera), none of which is FDA-approved as safe and effective for curing
tinea corporis. ⁷

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (Thrush)

Oral candidiasis, often called thrush, is a common pediatric fungal infection with an attack
rate of 5% to 7% in infants aged >1 month.⁸ It is
not common in healthy adults, although risk factors include HIV/AIDS,
chemotherapy, diabetes, dentures, and therapy with inhaled
corticosteroids or broad-spectrum antibiotics.^8,9

Candida is a normal resident of the mucous membranes.¹⁰
Any condition that would cause the intraoral microbiologic environment
to become imbalanced may lead to candidal overgrowth. An inciting factor
in pediatric patients is administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Antibiotic-induced death of intraoral bacterial species allows the
opportunistic Candida to overgrow.¹¹

Manifestations of oropharyngeal candidiasis include creamy
or velvety white, slightly elevated patches or plaques on the oral
mucosa (e. g., inner cheek, gingiva, palate, tonsils) and tongue. They
may look like cottage cheese and adhere to the area to which they are
attached; scraping them away may reveal a bleeding raw area of tissue.¹¹
The lesions are often painful, and if left untreated, infected areas
increase in number and size. The child may have difficulty swallowing,
and there may be cracking at the corners of the mouth.¹²

Diagnosis and Treatment: Oropharyngeal
candidiasis should be diagnosed by the physician through direct visual
examination of the affected areas, microscopic examination of a
collected sample, or culture.¹³ If oral candidiasis is
confirmed, the physician may choose to wait, as thrush in infants often
resolves on its own within 2 weeks.¹¹ However, if the time of involvement exceeds 2 weeks, treatment is essential to prevent serious sequelae.¹⁴ Physicians may prescribe nystatin suspension for any age or clotrimazole troches in children old enough to use them properly. ¹⁴

Since pharmacists are prohibited by their state practice acts from diagnosing medical conditions,¹⁵
it is most appropriate to refer patients with suspected thrush to a
physician for a firm diagnosis and prescription when needed. When a thrush infection is confirmed in infants, pharmacists can recommend that parents sterilize or discard all pacifiers.¹¹ Furthermore, if the baby is bottle-fed, parents should be advised to discard all nipples and purchase new ones.

Diaper Rash

Diaper rash is an irritant derma-titis that affects infants, most commonly those aged between 4 and 15 months.¹⁶
Loose stools are the primary cause of diaper rash, and babies who are
breastfed experience more frequent bowel movements and softer stools
than those fed cow’s milk, which may increase the risk of diaper rash.¹⁷ On the other hand, many parents notice diaper rash more frequently when their baby begins to ingest solid food. ¹⁶

Several factors coalesce to damage infant skin and cause
diaper dermatitis. First is that the diaper is an occlusive dressing,
allowing the skin beneath to break down more readily in certain
circumstances.² Also, when urine is in sustained contact with
skin, it allows ammonia within the urine to raise the skin pH. If stool
is also present in the diaper, the higher pH reactivates
skin-destructive enzymes in the fecal material.

The simplest and safest method to treat diaper rash is
liberal application of petrolatum. Powders have a potential risk of
causing deadly inhalation pneumonia in babies if a cloud of powder
surrounds the baby’s nose and mouth.² A general rule is to
refer the baby to a pediatrician if the skin is broken, and especially
if the child has acnelike lesions, blebs, ulcerations, large bumps, or
pustules.¹⁶ Parents should also seek professional care if the
rash worsens or does not improve in 2 to 3 days, if it spreads to the
abdomen, back, arms, or face, or if the baby develops a fever. ¹⁶

Fungal Infection: Diaper rash may become infected with Candida.¹⁶Candida,
like superficial tineas, prefers warm, moist locations on the body. The
area beneath a diaper has all of the elements preferred by Candida—warmth from body heat and moisture from urine. While uncomplicated diaper rash is erythematous and inflamed, when Candida
invades the skin, the color changes to a beefy or bright red, and the
child cries violently after urinating, as urine causes a great deal of
discomfort. Parents may also notice smaller red lesions (referred to as satellite lesions) that eventually grow to merge with the larger central lesions.

No antifungal nonprescription product is known to be safe and effective for unsupervised use in diaper dermatitis infected with Candida.²
First- and second-generation topical antifungals are only indicated for
superficial tineas. Vaginal antifungals are only indicated for Candida in the vagina.

If the pharmacist suspects the presence of diaper dermatitis infected with Candida,
a referral for a physician diagnosis is mandatory. The physician can
then prescribe a specific antifungal to cure the condition.

PATIENT INFORMATION

What Is Ringworm?

Ringworm (tinea corporis) is a fungal skin infection that
can affect just about anyone of any age, although it is more common in
children.

What Are Some of the Common Causes?

To get ringworm, you must first come into contact with the
fungi that cause it. You may contract the infection by touching a
person, animal, or object with the organism on it. Pets, shower and pool
surfaces, and combs are all common sites that carry these fungi. The
fungi that cause ringworm are able to thrive on warm, wet parts of the
skin. This includes areas prone to sweating (under the arms or beneath
the breasts) and areas not bathed often. Fungi that have reached the
skin can penetrate damaged skin to begin an actual infection. Once they
have become inoculated into the broken skin areas, they spread quickly.

What Are the Symptoms?

The original infection looks like red spots, but as it
progresses it resembles its namesake and begins to look like a red
circle, or “ring,” with a less inflamed center. The only other major
symptom commonly observed is itching.

How Do I Know If It Is Ringworm?

A healthcare provider usually can tell you whether it is
ringworm by a simple observation of the skin. Occasionally a skin
scraping, which is sent to a laboratory, may be done, but this is
uncommon.

How Do I Treat It?

Try to keep the skin dry, as the fungi enjoy moist
environments, and consult your pharmacist for an antifungal product.
Generally, OTC creams will take care of the infection (e.g., Lamisil,
Lotrimin, Micatin, Tinactin), but sometimes oral medication is
necessary. Follow all the directions on any product before, during, and
after use. If treatment is successful, most infections are eradicated
within 4 weeks.

How Do I Stop It From Spreading to Others?

Because showers and pool areas are so likely to harbor the
fungi, many infections are contracted in these areas. Wearing foot
coverings in community showers or pools will help prevent transmission.
Wash your towels with soap, dry them well, and use a new towel each time
to ensure that towels are not consistently wet.

If you have fungal infections in other areas, such as
athlete’s foot, make sure not to dry the body with towels that have
already touched the feet. If your child has ringworm, he or she can
return to school after you have begun treatment. Pets should be treated
if they are also infected. Steer clear of stray animals to help avoid
transmission.

When Should I Contact My Healthcare Provider?

Ringworm does not usually go away on its own. If you have
any questions upon presentation with these symptoms or during treatment,
or you do not believe self-treatment is working, you should contact
your healthcare provider.

Remember, if you have questions, Consult Your Pharmacist.

REFERENCES

1. Definition of dermatophytes (ringworm). CDC.
www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/dermatophytes/definition.html. Accessed
March 28, 2014.

2. Pray WS. Nonprescription Product Therapeutics. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.

3. Ringworm. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001439.htm. Accessed March 28, 2014.

4. Ringworm and animals. CDC. www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/ringworm.htm. Accessed March 28, 2014. 

5. Tinea corporis. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000877.htm. Accessed March 28, 2014.

6. Tinea infections. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tineainfections.html. Accessed March 28, 2014.

7. Blue Star Ointment. CVS/pharmacy. www.cvs.com/shop/product-detail/Blue-Star-Ointment?skuId=630681. Accessed March 28, 2014.

8. Oral candidiasis statistics. CDC. www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/statistics.html. Accessed March 28, 2014.

9. Oropharyngeal/esophageal candidiasis (“thrush”). CDC.
www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/Candidiasis/thrush/. Accessed March 28,
2014.

10. Definition of oral candidiasis. CDC.
www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/definition.html. Accessed
March 28, 2014.

11. Thrush. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000626.htm. Accessed March 28, 2014.

12. Symptoms of oral candidiasis. CDC. www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/symptoms.html. Accessed March 28, 2014.

13. Diagnosis and testing of oral candidiasis. CDC.
www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/diagnosis.html. Accessed
March 28, 2014.

14. Treatment & outcomes of oral candidiasis. CDC.
www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/treatment.html. Accessed
March 28, 2014.

15. Talking to the pharmacist. KidsHealth. http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body/pharmacist. html. Accessed April 14, 2014.

16. Diaper rash. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000964.htm. Accessed March 28, 2014.

17. Weaver LT, Ewing G, Taylor LC. The bowel habits of milk-fed infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1988;7:568-571.

18. Newman J. Using gentian violet. Pregnancy &
childbirth. About.com.
http://pregnancy.about.com/cs/breastfeedinginfo/a/aanho6.htm. Accessed
April 14, 2014.

To comment on this article, contact [email protected].

Faces of thrush – buy a preparation for thrush in Ukraine

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Creation date: 06/05/2022
Update date: 07/18/2023

Thrush – lesions of the mucous membranes, more commonly – skin folds and nails, caused by a mentally pathogenic yeast fungus of the genus Candida. In a small number, this microorganism enters the warehouse of healthy microflora of the oral cavity, the organs of the intestine, and does not show itself. However, for the first damage in the body, if the concentration of “good” bacteria decreases, yeast fungi begin to multiply uncontrollably and pass into the category of “bad ones”.

If you are talking about thrush, you should sound out the damage to the organs of the body – call out, women, – and similarly similar medical terms, like vaginal candidiasis or vulvovaginal candidiasis. Tsya fungal infection does not lie up to venereal disease, although the clinical picture is similar. The head symptoms of vaginal candidiasis are stinging, blackening, liver, (more) bіl dіlyantsі genitals, as well as thick vision, scho for the color of that consistency guess the sir, which explains the name of the disease. Faces of thrush against fungicide (Latin “fungus” – mushroom, “caedo” – I drive in) – a speech, which emphasizes the life of fungi.

Reasons for the development of thrush

It is important to know a woman, as if she had never run into a delicate problem in her life. To that, with the method of prevention of thrush of the skin, the girl is well aware of the factors of risk and development. The most common causes of vaginal candidiasis are:

• Vіdsutnіnії vіdsutnії vіdsutnії vіdsutnії vіdsutnії vіdsutnіnії і zapіnіnnya shkiri statevyh organіv. Tse mozhe v_dbuvatisya through stіyne vykoristannya schdennyh pads, wearing tight or synthetic white.
• Non-compliance with the rules of special hygiene. Elderly woman, as a state of life, it is recommended to take two girls for a day, and also after the state act.
• Trivalium taking antibiotics. Together with pathogenic microorganisms, lactobacilli also decrease, which regulate the concentration of mental pathogens – the main side effect of antibiotic therapy.
• In parallel, the presence of venereal disease. Thrush can “mask” a serious diagnosis – for example, gonorrhea or trichomoniasis.
• Reduced immunity. In people with immunodeficiency, the reproduction of pathogens is significantly more pronounced.
• Hormonal changes. Especially in front of thrush, women are at the menopause and vaginess.
• Wrong choice of intimate cosmetics. Before thrush, produce food with flavorings, farbnik, puddle district.
• Depressive and stressful. Psychic disorders weaken the body and reduce its resistance to a disease-causing flora.
• Problems with metabolism. The risk category is consumed by people who suffer from diabetes and disorders in the endocrine system.
• Deficiency of saliva and a number of vitamins, including B12.
• More important is the diet of simple carbohydrates, ingested with malt.
• Moving to the other climatic zone.
• Swimming in pools with heavily chlorinated water.

First buy faces for thrush, you need to turn off concomitant venereal disease. To that, with the appearance of a sign of candidiasis, it is necessary to go back to the doctor and go through obstezhennia. On the basis of these results, as well as data on anamnesis and general clinical picture, there is a competently complex examination. Ignoring candidiasis, or wrongly self-deprecating, can lead to the fact that you will turn into a chronic form, as more therapy is needed. An important point: if one of the sexual partners has a thrush, it is necessary to go through both.

Types of drugs for thrush

The current pharmaceutical market offers a wide range of oral and systemic drugs for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. The most wide-ranging and similar dosage forms:

• Antifungal vaginal suppositories. Respect the most effective solutions. Introduced into the pіhva and may finish the shvidka mіstsevu diyu. Over-the-counter preparations can be administered independently – the stench practically cannot be counter-indicated and does not call for side effects in case of a three-valued course. It is allowed to stagnate during the period of vagity and lactation. Fungicidal suppositories may contain miconazole, chlorhexidine antiseptic, ketoconazole, clotrimazole.
• Tablets and capsules for candidiasis. The main active ingredient in the warehouse is fluconazole. This synthetic preparation is victorious against various fungal infections. Oral zasіb in the form of thrush can be compromised by the effectiveness of candles, but also by the simplicity of zastosuvannya and swedish effect. So, at the primordial stage of thrush, it is enough for a person to take a single pill, and for women, a second dose is needed every other day. However, for women at the cіkavomu position, in order to get rid of the risks for the child, the doctors call to appoint mіstsevі zasobi.
• Fungicidal ointments, gels and creams. Breathing consistency, qi preparations may be the very principle of diy. It is applied directly to the lesions of the plant, which causes inadmissible symptoms in the sense of the term, without affecting the body as a whole. Vykoristovuyutsya as an independent or additional benefit in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. They are prepared on the basis of butoconazole, clotrimazole and other speech-fungicides.
• Douche kit. Use antiseptics and may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic, stimulating the growth of a number of pathogenic microorganisms. Chlorhexidine, benzyldimethyl-myristoylamino-propylamine are widely used as supplements in the fight against fungus.

Drugs for thrush are selected individually according to the improvement of the dynamics and development and severity/prevalence of contraindications to other types of drugs. The course of complex reparation will start to become 5-10 days, and the improvement will be observed already after a sprat of dib. For the help of the MIS Pharmacy 9-1-1 website, you can buy drugs for thrush, breast and systemic at an affordable price. If you can, you can get it online with delivery all over Ukraine.

Wicked literature list

1. GoodRX;
2. Sovereign register of medical supplies of Ukraine;
3. nhs.uk.

Popular nutrition

For the infection of the mucosa, special medicinal products are used – for example, “Miramistin”, chlorhexidine. You can go to the folk recipes and drink the water of the hour.

Can you drink soda when you have thrush?

The use of soda for hygienic purposes will help to change the liver and other intolerable manifestations of illness, but not the therapeutic effect.

How fast will a thrush be?

At the first appearance of a fungal infection in humans, one tablet of fluconazole is enough, for women – two. Prote, recurrent thrush will require a comprehensive treatment for medical and systemic diseases.

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Prices for goods in the category Faces for thrush start at 23. 00 hryvnia.

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Vaginitis – symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of inflammation of the vagina

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vaginal mucosa which can lead to discharge, itching and pain. The reason is usually: a change in the balance caused by the reproduction of opportunistic microflora; sexually transmitted infection; decrease in estrogen levels after menopause and some other diseases.

Most common types of vaginitis:

Bacterial vaginosis . Develops due to excessive growth of the opportunistic microflora of the vagina, which disrupts the natural balance.

Yeast colpitis (thrush, candidiasis). Inflammatory disease of the vaginal mucosa caused by the fungus Candida albicans.

Infectious vaginitis . Distinguish trichomonas, mycoplasma and other types of vaginitis. The causative agent in trichomoniasis is trichomonas vaginalis, usually transmitted sexually, can be transmitted from an infected mother to a child at birth.

Noninfectious vaginitis . Hygiene products may cause an allergic reaction or irritation leading to inflammation of the tissues of the vulva and vagina.

Atrophic vaginitis . Develops as a result of a decrease in estrogen levels after menopause or surgical removal of the ovaries.

Symptoms of vaginitis

Symptoms and signs of vaginitis may include:

• Change in color, smell or amount of vaginal discharge

• Vaginal itching or irritation

• Pain during intercourse

• Painful urination

• Minor vaginal bleeding or spotting

If a woman has vaginal discharge, its characteristics may indicate a particular type of vaginitis. For example:

Bacterial vaginosis may present as a greyish-white discharge with an unpleasant odor. The odor, often described as “fishy”, may be more evident after intercourse.

Yeast infection. The main symptom is itching, but there may also be a thick white discharge resembling cottage cheese.

Trichomoniasis may be accompanied by a greenish-yellow, sometimes frothy discharge.

When to see a gynecologist

See a doctor if you experience vaginal discomfort, especially if:

– You have never had a vaginal infection . Seeing a doctor can help identify the cause and teach you to recognize the signs and symptoms

– You have had several sexual partners or recently had a new partner. Symptoms may be a manifestation of a sexually transmitted infection, some of which have symptoms similar to thrush or bacterial vaginosis you have fever, chills or pelvic pain

You probably don’t need to see a doctor every time you experience vaginal irritation and discharge, especially if:

– you are familiar with the symptoms of a yeast infection and are sure that this is what you have.

Causes of vaginitis

Bacterial vaginosis. This most common type of vaginitis results from an imbalance in the opportunistic microflora of the vagina. What causes the imbalance is unknown. Several microorganisms are involved in the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis, and not just gardnerella vaginalis, as previously thought. Normally, lactobacilli predominate in the vagina. With bacterial vaginosis, their number in the vagina decreases, while the number of vaginal gardnerella and other anaerobes increases (bacteroids, mobilincus, peptococci, ureaplasma and mycoplasma).

Bacterial vaginosis may be asymptomatic. This type of vaginitis appears to be related to, but not caused by, sex, especially if the woman has multiple sexual partners or a new sexual partner, but it also occurs in women who are not sexually active.

Yeast colpitis. This type of vaginitis is caused by a fungal growth in the vagina, usually Candida albicans. C. albicans also causes infections in other wet areas of the body, such as the mouth, skin folds, and nail beds. The fungus can also cause diaper rash.

Trichomonas. This common sexually transmitted infection is caused by a single-celled protozoan called Trichomonas vaginalis. In men, the microorganism usually affects the urinary tract, but is often asymptomatic. In women, trichomoniasis usually affects the vagina and can cause symptoms.

Noninfectious vaginitis. Vaginal sprays, douches, scented soaps, scented detergents and spermicides, toilet paper, tampons and pads may cause an allergic reaction or irritation leading to inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues.

Atrophic vaginitis. Decreased estrogen levels after menopause or surgical removal of the ovaries can lead to thinning of the vaginal mucosa, sometimes leading to vaginal irritation, burning, and dryness.

Factors that increase the risk of vaginitis include:

– Hormonal changes, such as those associated with pregnancy, birth control pills, or menopause

– Sexual activity

– Having a sexually transmitted infection

– Medications such as antibiotics and steroids

– Using spermicides for birth control

– Uncontrolled diabetes ginal spray or vaginal deodorant

– Douching

– Wearing wet or tight clothing

– Using an intrauterine device (IUD)

Complications of vaginitis

Women with trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis are at greater risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections due to the inflammation caused by these diseases.

Inflammation can spread to the cervix, which prevents bacteria and viruses from entering the uterus. When the cervix is ​​infected, there is an increased risk of infection reaching the uterus.

Diagnosis of vaginitis

Gynecologists diagnose vaginitis based on the history of the disease, symptoms, results of a gynecological examination (presence of inflammation, vaginal discharge). Gynecological examination, including using mirrors, is performed to examine the upper, lower and side walls of the vagina and cervix. On examination, hyperemia (redness) of the mucosa, its swelling, damage, and inflammatory discharge can be detected.

During a gynecological examination, the doctor may take samples of discharge from the vagina, urethra, and cervix. These samples are sent to the laboratory for bacterioscopic or bacteriological examination, PCR diagnostics to identify the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics.

Treatment and prevention of vaginitis

Various organisms and conditions can cause vaginitis, so treatment is directed at the specific cause.

No treatment required if vaginitis is caused by an allergic reaction to products such as spermicides or feminine hygiene products. A woman needs to pinpoint the source of irritation and avoid it. Possible sources include new soap, laundry detergent, sanitary napkins, tampons, etc.

If the cause of vaginitis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI), both you and your partner will need treatment, often with antibiotics. Antibiotics are prescribed for STIs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, or bacterial infections, including bacterial vaginosis.

For trichomoniasis, the gynecologist may prescribe metronidazole (Flagyl) or tinidazole (Tindamax) tablets.

A doctor may recommend antiviral drugs for genital herpes in the vagina to help speed up the healing process, but there is no cure for herpes.

Yeast colpitis. An over-the-counter antifungal cream or suppository, such as miconazole, clotrimazole, butoconazole, or thioconazole, is commonly prescribed for thrush. Yeast infections can also be treated with prescription oral antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan).

The benefits of over-the-counter treatment are convenience, cost and no waiting to see a doctor. However, you may have something other than a yeast infection. Using the wrong medication can delay an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

Atrophic vaginitis. Estrogen – in the form of vaginal creams, tablets, or rings, can relieve this type of vaginitis. The treatment is prescribed by the doctor after considering the risk factors and possible complications.

Bacterial vaginosis. Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Your doctor will usually prescribe metronidazole or clindamycin tablets or vaginal suppositories. Metronidazole can also be used as a vaginal gel. Therapy should be comprehensive in order to suppress all possible pathogens of bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis may recur after treatment.

To reduce the risk of vaginitis from sexually transmitted infections, use condoms consistently and correctly every time you have sex. By being in a long-term relationship, you can reduce your chances of contracting an STI.

Proper hygiene can prevent some types of vaginitis from recurring:

– Avoid baths and hot tubs.

— Avoid irritants. These include scented tampons, pads, showers and scented soaps. Rinse the soap off the vulva after showering and dry it well to prevent irritation.

– Dry from front to back after going to the toilet. This will prevent the spread of fecal bacteria into the vagina.

– Avoid douching. The vagina does not require cleansing other than a regular shower. Repetitive douching destroys the beneficial microorganisms that live in the vagina and can increase the risk of a vaginal infection. Douching will not get rid of a vaginal infection.

– Wear cotton underwear. Also wear tights with a cotton crotch.