Ovarian cysts: Overview – InformedHealth.org

Introduction

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries. Some have tissue inside them. The cysts are surrounded by a capsule and usually about the size of a cherry. Most ovarian cysts go away on their own.

These cysts often develop due to normal hormonal changes in puberty or during menopause. Sometimes ovarian cysts are already there at birth or are caused by something else, but that’s much less common.

It is estimated that about 10 out of 100 women have ovarian cysts. They are usually non-cancerous (benign) and rarely cause problems, so they generally don’t need to be treated. Surgery is only very rarely needed.

Symptoms

Most women who have ovarian cysts don’t know that they have them. But some cysts cause dull pain in the lower abdomen (pelvic pain).

Ovarian cysts can also lead to problems with the menstrual cycle, such as heavy or irregular periods, or spotting (abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods). Menstrual cycle problems occur if the cyst produces sex hormones that cause the lining of the womb to grow more.

Very large cysts may push against the bowel or bladder. This can lead to a swollen tummy, a feeling of fullness and pressure, pain when urinating, or constipation.

If a cyst ruptures (bursts), it can be felt as a sudden pain – but usually doesn’t cause any other problems. The weight of the cyst can sometimes pull on the ovary and cause it to become twisted. This leads to sudden, severe, cramping pain on the affected side of the lower abdomen, as well as nausea, vomiting and a high pulse rate.

Causes

Most ovarian cysts develop during one part of the menstrual cycle (the growth and release of egg cells). Known as “functional cysts,” these mainly occur in puberty or during menopause. They may develop in one ovary or in both ovaries at the same time.

These are the most common types of functional ovarian cysts:

• Follicular cysts: Each egg cell is surrounded by a capsule known as a follicle. If the follicle doesn’t open and release the egg cell (if ovulation doesn’t occur), the follicle might gradually become filled with a fluid and turn into a cyst.

• Corpus luteum cysts: These occur when a corpus luteum fills with blood. The corpus luteum develops from the follicle that released the egg cell during ovulation. It secretes the sex hormones known as progesterone and estrogen.

• Theca lutein cysts: These mainly occur in women who have infertility treatment with hormones. The hormones stimulate the growth of egg cells in the ovaries. Cysts may develop as a side effect.

There is also a special type of cyst known as chocolate cysts (endometriomas). These are filled with dark, thick blood. They can develop as a result of endometriosis, for example.

Dermoid cysts (which are not functional cysts) are less common. They may develop if a non-cancerous tumor grows and it contains things like skin cells and sebaceous glands. Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance (sebum) that usually keeps skin moisturized. Because the sebum in this kind of tumor can’t “escape,” it builds up inside the cyst. Dermoid cysts might be there at birth. In rare cases they can turn into cancer (become malignant).

In another illness known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), there are a lot of small cysts in the ovaries. Women who have PCO produce too many male sex hormones (androgens), which prevent the egg cells from maturing properly.

Effects

Most ovarian cysts are only 1 to 3 centimeters in size and go away on their own within a few months. They only rarely grow large enough to cause severe symptoms. In very rare cases they grow as big as 15 to 30 centimeters.

Complications are also rare. They may occur if the wall of the cyst ruptures (bursts) and the fluid leaks out into the space around it. Although ruptures can be painful, they are usually harmless. Only rarely do they lead to bleeding that needs to be stopped through surgery.

A more serious complication may occur if the ovary becomes twisted around the tissue that supports it. Known as ovarian torsion, this mainly happens in women who have larger cysts – often after jerky movements, for instance when playing tennis. Ovarian torsion is very painful. It may also cut off the blood supply to the ovary. If that happens, surgery is needed as soon as possible to prevent the ovary from dying.

Diagnosis

Ovarian cysts can be seen on an ultrasound. They are often discovered by chance, for instance when doing an ultrasound scan of the ovaries. Some cysts can be felt too.

If it is thought that you might have an ovarian cyst, the doctor will ask you about symptoms such as menstrual (period) problems and pain, and you may have a blood test.

Other examinations, such as a CT scan or laparoscopy (keyhole procedure to look inside your tummy), are only rarely needed. Diagnostic examinations are usually done to find out whether the changes in ovary tissue could be cancer. Although cysts are usually non-cancerous (benign), it’s not always easy to tell whether it’s a cyst or a tumor.

Treatment

If a cyst causes no symptoms, or only mild symptoms, it’s usually okay to wait and see what happens. Most cysts go away on their own. Depending on the results of diagnostic examinations, it’s sometimes a good idea to go for regular check-ups (every month or every few months) so the doctor can keep an eye on the cyst. If the cyst is painful, painkillers such as ibuprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help.

If the cysts change over time or don’t get smaller and if the symptoms don’t go away, laparoscopy is an option. This procedure involves inserting thin instruments into the abdomen (tummy) through small cuts in the tummy wall. Doctors can then take a closer look at the cysts and remove them if necessary. But new cysts may develop after others have been removed.

In rare cases doctors suggest removing an ovary, or even both ovaries – for instance, if they think it could be cancer or that it will be difficult to cut the cysts out of the ovary tissue. Removing both ovaries can have a great impact on women’s lives, particularly women of childbearing age, because the operation immediately leads to menopause. The sudden drop in hormones can cause symptoms such as hot flashes, dizziness, headaches and nausea. And women can no longer become pregnant after menopause. Because of this, at least one ovary is kept, if possible – especially in women who wish to have (more) children.

Some doctors recommend treating ovarian cysts with the birth control pill. But the pill doesn’t help in the treatment of functional cysts. Although it reduces the amount of hormones produced in the ovaries and prevents ovulation, studies have shown that this doesn’t make the cysts go away any faster.

Further information

When people are ill or need medical advice, they usually go to see their family doctor first. Read about how to find the right doctor, how to prepare for the appointment and what to remember.

10 Warning Signs of Ovarian Cysts You Should Not Ignore: Virtuosa GYN: OB-GYNs

Ovarian cysts are solid or fluid-filled sacs that form within your ovaries. Many women develop ovarian cysts at some point in their lives. These cysts typically form during ovulation, which is the time during your monthly cycle when one of your ovaries releases an egg.

Ovarian cysts sometimes cause pain and other symptoms, but sometimes they don’t cause any symptoms at all. Often cysts form and then go away on their own in a few weeks or in one to three months.

Although most ovarian cysts are benign — meaning they are not cancerous — in rare cases cysts are a sign of ovarian cancer. For this reason, it’s always wise to tell your doctor about any symptoms that might suggest the presence of ovarian cysts.

Dr. Susan Crockett and her team of health care providers at Virtuosa GYN recommend calling our office for a checkup if you experience any of the following 10 warning signs of ovarian cysts.

1. Pelvic pain

You feel pelvic pain in your lower belly. Ovarian cysts are one of many possible causes of pelvic pain. The pain from ovarian cysts may feel sharp or dull. You may feel pain for extended periods of time, or it may come and go.  

Ovarian cyst-related pain tends to be worse during your menstrual period. The hormones produced during your period can cause ovarian cysts to form or enlarge, triggering pain.

When a cyst ruptures, you may feel sudden, severe pain in your pelvic region.

2. Other pain

Pain from ovarian cysts can travel beyond the pelvic area to your low back or even your thighs. This is called referred pain.

3. Bloating

Like many women, you may experience bloating during your period, but watch for unusual bloating that can result when an ovarian cyst grows larger.

4. Nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting may sometimes occur when an ovarian cyst causes one of your ovaries to become twisted.

5. Changes in urination or passing stools

Occasionally ovarian cysts can affect the action of your bladder or bowels so that you have trouble emptying them. You may also find that you need to urinate more often.

6. Fever

If an ovarian cyst becomes infected, you may develop a fever.

7. Unexplained bleeding

Ovarian cysts can sometimes cause bleeding when you don’t expect it. Call our office without delay if you have unexplained bleeding — it can be a sign of a medical condition that requires attention.

8. Unexplained weight gain

In rare cases, ovarian cysts can grow surprisingly large. Their size, along with the bloating that can occur, may make a difference in the numbers on your bathroom scale.

9. Pain during sex

Ovarian cysts can occasionally result in pain or discomfort during sex. This is especially likely if you develop a type of ovarian cyst known as an endometrioma, which occurs most commonly in women with endometriosis, a condition in which uterine tissue grows outside the uterus.

10. Trouble getting pregnant

In women with a condition known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), many ovarian cysts form over time. Sometimes women with PCOS can have trouble getting pregnant.

Learn more about ovarian cysts

Although many ovarian cysts go away on their own, some require surgical removal. Dr. Crockett and her team at Virtuosa GYN have extensive experience with the surgical methods used to remove ovarian cysts.

If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms listed here — or if you need other gynecological care — call Virtuosa GYN for an appointment. Our team of women’s health care providers can help you with all of your gynecological needs.

7 Signs You Have an Ovarian Cyst — and What to Do About It: Rickie Guida, WHNP-BC: Gynecologist

Did you know that ovarian cysts are extremely common? In fact, almost every woman who menstruates gets at least one cyst every month as part of her cycle. Most of the time these cysts resolve, and you never even know they were there.

It’s a different story, however, if the cyst doesn’t disappear or if problematic types of cysts form. Knowing the warning signs for ovarian cysts is important so you can get the care you need. 

At Alpenglow Gynecology in Littleton, Colorado, Rickie Guida, WHNP-BC and our entire care team understand the ins and outs of women’s health — including spotting and caring for ovarian cysts. We offer comprehensive women’s health services to ensure your optimal health. 

Our team has curated this guide to help you better understand ovarian cysts and what you can do about them. Read on to learn more!  

What is an ovarian cyst?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on your ovaries. Most women develop functional cysts as part of the normal menstrual cycle when the follicles responsible for releasing eggs produce hormones. These cysts aren’t usually symptomatic and typically resolve on their own.  

There are other ovarian cysts not related to your period. These types of cysts may or may not cause problematic symptoms. For example, dermoid cysts, which form from embryonic cells, can grow quite large, causing the ovary to move out of position. And polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which multiple cysts exist, negatively impacting fertility and your overall health. 

What are the signs of an ovarian cyst?

Since it’s possible to have ovarian cysts without obvious symptoms, ovarian cysts are most commonly diagnosed during your regular pelvic examination. Maintaining regular exams with Rickie can help catch problematic cysts early, making treatment easier and more likely to succeed.

Here are the top seven signs to be on the lookout for when it comes to ovarian cysts:  

1. Bloating

Bloating or pressure in your lower abdomen could indicate an ovarian cyst. The bloating or pressure sensation can come and go. 

2. Pain on one side

As a cyst grows larger and larger, it can create quite a bit of discomfort — especially on the side where the affected ovary is located.

3. Pain during sex

Problematic cysts can cause pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse. Other problems, such as an STD, inflammation, or prolapse, can also make sex painful. Be sure to share your symptoms with Rickie during your visit to ensure an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.  

4. Bathroom troubles

If you’re noticing unexplained changes in your bowel movements or with urination, an ovarian cyst could be the cause. Some women notice an increase in the urge to urinate, while others notice problems emptying their bowels. 

5. Unusual pain during your period

Many women experience cramping or discomfort when their period arrives, but if you notice unusual pain, a cyst could be the problem. 

6. Abnormal vaginal bleeding

Ovarian cysts can lead to unexpected vaginal spotting or bleeding between periods. If you have irregular bleeding, a cyst could be the cause.

7. Dull pain in your back and thighs

If you’re experiencing a dull ache or pain in your lower back and thighs that can’t be explained by other causes, it’s time to schedule an appointment at Alpenglow Gynecology to rule out ovarian cysts.

Sometimes an ovarian cyst ruptures or twists the ovary, causing serious complications. If you experience the following symptoms, seek immediate medical attention:

• Abdominal pain accompanied by fever and vomiting
• Severe abdominal pain that appears suddenly
• Abdominal pain accompanied by dizziness, weakness, or fainting
• Unexplained heavy bleeding with abdominal pain
• Rapid breathing accompanied by abdominal pain

What can I do about ovarian cysts?

Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on your symptoms and the nature of the cyst itself. Most of the time, ovarian cysts go away on their own without causing any lasting problems. Rickie and the team at Alpenglow Gynecology accurately diagnose ovarian cysts to determine what type of treatment, if any, is right for you.

Treatment options may include:

• Monitoring to ensure the cyst resolves
• Medication such as hormone-based birth control
• Surgery to remove problematic cysts

How can I learn more about ovarian cysts?

The best way to learn more about ovarian cysts and what you can do about them is to discuss your questions and concerns with a trained medical professional. At Alpenglow Gynecology, our caring providers have extensive knowledge and experience with women’s health, including ovarian cysts. 

If you want to learn more about ovarian cysts, contact our Littleton office or book an appointment online now! 

Ovarian Cyst and Torsion: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Each ovary contains thousands of tiny eggs. Hormones made in the brain and in the ovary cause one egg to mature and be released each month from a sac inside the ovary. This is called ovulation. If the egg is not fertilized, it dissolves in the body. Menstruation or a “period” occurs about 2 weeks later.

When the egg is released during ovulation, the sac that held the egg should also disappear. If the egg does not leave the sac in the ovary or if the sac it can fill with fluid and form a cyst.

In adolescent and young women, the presence of a cyst is normal. The cyst is called a functional cyst. Many females have functional cysts without knowing. The cysts shrink or dissolve after ovulation.

Sometimes a cyst can get large and burst or rupture. The larger the cyst, the more likely that ovarian torsion will occur. With ovarian torsion, the blood supply to the ovary can be blocked and permanently hurt the ovary.

Functional cysts do not cause cancer.

Signs and Symptoms

Functional cysts rarely cause symptoms. Since other illnesses have similar symptoms, a health care provider will need to diagnose the cause of your symptoms.

Symptoms include:

• Aching or sudden lower abdominal (belly) pain
• Bloating in the lower abdominal area
• Nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite
• Dizziness when standing up from a sitting position
• Changes in the timing of menstruation
• Very heavy vaginal bleeding
• Change in bowel movements
• More frequent urination
• Weight gain
• Pain during or after sex

The sudden onset of severe symptoms requires evaluation by a health provider right away. It may be a medical emergency.

Diagnosis

• Routine pelvic exam: the doctor will check for the presence of a mass.
• Imaging tests:
• Laparoscopy. A surgeon makes a small cut in the abdomen. Using a camera with a light, the surgeon can look at the cyst. Laparoscopy is done if the ultrasound shows a cyst that is unlikely to go away or dissolve on its own. The cyst is removed from the ovary and sent for testing. The ovary is left in place. Laparoscopy is also done if the providers are worried about ovarian torsion or bleeding from the cyst. Both of those situations can be medical emergencies.
• Blood tests. Sometimes, depending on how the cyst looks when it is imaged, your doctor may order blood tests to learn more about what type of cyst you have.

Complications

• Ruptured ovarian cysts can cause the release of fluid from the cyst or bleeding into the abdomen.
• By cutting off the blood supply to the ovary, ovarian torsion can cause inflammation and death of the ovary.

Treatment

• Wait and watch. The health provider may want to wait for 1 to 2 months before treating to see if the cyst goes away on its own. Usually, the cyst has not caused severe symptoms but an ultrasound has confirmed its presence. You will be reexamined after 1 to 2 menstrual cycles. An ultrasound may be done again to monitor the cyst.
• Pain relief. Sometimes using moist heat and over the counter pain medicine, such as Tylenolâ, Advilâ or Aleveâ can help. Read the medicine label carefully to know the right dose to take. A heating pad or a warm bath relieves pain. Make sure that you do not burn yourself.
• Avoid vigorous activity. If you have a large cyst, the health care provider might ask you to avoid vigorous activity until the cyst grows smaller and goes away. Extreme activity might cause ovarian torsion.
• Birth control (BC) pills may be ordered to stop ovulation. Stopping ovulation may prevent new cysts from forming. Taking BC pills does not help a cyst that is already present to go away.
• Although rarely needed, surgery may be done if the cyst is very large. Emergency surgery is needed when a cyst has burst and bled into the abdomen or there is ovarian torsion.
• Cystectomy: This is the most common form of treatment. The cyst is removed without removing the ovary. Cystectomy can be done by laparoscopy or by making a larger incision in the abdomen (laparotomy). Removing the cyst does not prevent new cysts from forming in the future.
• Oophorectomy (oh of uh REK tuh me): The complete ovary, including the cyst, is removed.
• Salpingo-oophorectomy: The fallopian tube, ovary and cyst are removed.

As long as at least one ovary is present, a woman can still get pregnant.

After Surgery, Call Your Doctor If:

• You have a fever greater than 101°.
• There is redness at the surgical site.
• There is drainage from surgical site.
• You have heavy vaginal bleeding.
• You have pain that does not go away.
• You have any questions.

Ovarian Cyst and Torsion (PDF)

HH-I-425 12/16 Copyright 2016 Nationwide Children’s Hospital

Treating a Ruptured Ovarian Cyst

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on or inside an ovary. In some cases, the cyst can break open (rupture). A ruptured cyst may be treated in several ways. You may just need to keep track of your symptoms. You may need to take pain medicine. In other cases, a cyst may need surgery.

Understanding ovarian cysts

An ovarian cyst can develop for different reasons. Most are harmless. Treatment depends on whether it’s regular or complex. A regular cyst is a simple fluid-filled sac. A complex cyst may have solid areas, bumps on the surface, or several areas filled with fluid.

A cyst that ruptures may cause no symptoms, or only mild symptoms such as pain. Ruptured cysts that cause mild symptoms can often be managed with pain medicines.

In some cases, a ruptured cyst can cause more severe symptoms. These can include pain in the lower belly (abdomen) and bleeding. Symptoms like these need treatment right away.

Diagnosing a ruptured ovarian cyst

Your healthcare provider or an obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) doctor will diagnose the condition. Your healthcare provider will ask about your medical history and your symptoms. Be sure to tell the provider if you know that you have an ovarian cyst. You will also have a physical exam. This will likely include a pelvic exam.

If your healthcare provider thinks you may have a ruptured cyst, you may need tests. These tests can help rule out other possible causes of your symptoms, such as an ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis, or a kidney stone. These tests may include:

• Ultrasound. This test uses sound waves to view the size, shape, and location of the cyst.

• Pregnancy test. This is done to check if pregnancy may be the cause of the cyst.

• Blood tests. These check for low iron in the blood (anemia). They also check for infection.

• Urine test. This looks for other possible causes of your pain.

• Vaginal culture. This is done to check for a pelvic infection.

• CT scan. This uses a series of X-rays and a computer to create a detailed picture of the area.

You may need more tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.

Treating a ruptured ovarian cyst

Many women have ovarian cysts that are not complex. A ruptured cyst that is not complex can be treated with pain medicine. You may be told to watch your symptoms over time. In some cases, you may need to have follow-up ultrasound tests. You may not need any other treatment.

If the cyst is complex, you may need different care. This type of cyst may cause:

If you have a complex ruptured ovarian cyst, you may need care in the hospital. Your treatment may include:

• IV (intravenous) fluids to replace lost fluid

• Careful monitoring of your heart rate and other vital signs

• Monitoring of your red blood cell level (hematocrit) to check the blood’s ability to carry oxygen

• Repeated ultrasounds to check for bleeding into your belly (abdomen)

• Surgery for a worsening medical condition or to check for cancer

If you need surgery, your doctor may use a minimally invasive method. This is also known as laparoscopy. The doctor makes small incisions in your abdomen while you are under anesthesia. A tiny lighted camera and other small tools are put through these incisions. The doctor controls the bleeding and removes any blood clots or fluid. He or she may then remove the cyst or your entire ovary. The tools are then removed. The incisions are closed and bandaged. If the doctor does not use laparoscopy, the surgery will be done with larger incisions.

Talk with your doctor about what type of treatment will work best for you.

Follow-up care

You and your medical team will make a follow-up plan that makes the most sense for you.

If your ruptured ovarian cyst is not complex, you will likely continue your care at home. You can use pain medicines as needed. Your pain should go away in a few days. Let your healthcare provider know right away if your pain gets worse, you feel dizzy, or you have new symptoms. Follow up with your healthcare provider if you need imaging or blood tests.

If you have a complex ruptured ovarian cyst, you may need to stay in the hospital for 1 or more days. If your cyst is no longer bleeding, you may be able to go home. You can use pain medicines as needed. You may need follow-up imaging tests to make sure that your bleeding has stopped.

In rare cases, a ruptured ovarian cyst is caused by cancer. This will need careful follow-up treatment from a healthcare provider who specializes in cancer care. You may need surgery and other treatments.

Some women have more than 1 ovarian cyst. You can work with your healthcare provider to plan treatment for multiple cysts. A cyst that has not ruptured may need to be watched over time. In other cases, you may need to have the cyst removed with surgery.

If you need surgery for your cyst, your healthcare provider will tell you how to get ready for it.

When to call your healthcare provider

Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these:

• Sudden, sharp abdominal  or pelvic pain

• Pain along with nausea and vomiting

Ovarian cysts | UF Health, University of Florida Health

Definition

An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid that forms on or inside an ovary.

This article is about cysts that form during your monthly menstrual cycle, called functional cysts. Functional cysts are not the same as cysts caused by cancer or other diseases. The formation of these cysts is a perfectly normal event and is a sign that the ovaries are working well.

Alternative Names

Physiologic ovarian cysts; Functional ovarian cysts; Corpus luteum cysts; Follicular cysts

Causes

Each month during your menstrual cycle, a follicle (cyst) grows on your ovary. The follicle is where an egg is developing.

• The follicle makes the estrogen hormone. This hormone causes normal changes of the uterine lining as the uterus prepares for pregnancy.
• When the egg matures, it is released from the follicle. This is called ovulation.
• If the follicle fails to break open and release an egg, the fluid stays in the follicle and forms a cyst. This is called a follicular cyst.

Another type of cyst occurs after an egg has been released from a follicle. This is called a corpus luteum cyst. This type of cyst may contain a small amount of blood. This cyst releases progesterone and estrogen hormones.

Ovarian cysts are more common in the childbearing years between puberty and menopause. The condition is less common after menopause.

Taking fertility drugs often causes the development of multiple follicles (cysts) in the ovaries. These cysts most often go away after a woman’s period, or after a pregnancy.

Functional ovarian cysts are not the same as ovarian tumors or cysts due to hormone-related conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome.

Symptoms

Ovarian cysts often cause no symptoms.

An ovarian cyst is more likely to cause pain if it:

• Becomes large
• Bleeds
• Breaks open
• Interferes with the blood supply to the ovary
• Is twisted or causes twisting (torsion) of the ovary

Symptoms of ovarian cysts can also include:

• Bloating or swelling in the abdomen
• Pain during bowel movements
• Pain in the pelvis shortly before or after beginning a menstrual period
• Pain with intercourse or pelvic pain during movement
• Pelvic pain — constant, dull aching
• Sudden and severe pelvic pain, often with nausea and vomiting (may be a sign of torsion or twisting of the ovary on its blood supply, or rupture of a cyst with internal bleeding)

Changes in menstrual periods are not common with follicular cysts. These are more common with corpus luteum cysts. Spotting or bleeding may occur with some cysts.

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider may find a cyst during a pelvic exam, or when you have an ultrasound test for another reason.

Ultrasound may be done to detect a cyst. Your provider may want to check you again in 6 to 8 weeks to make sure it is gone.

Other imaging tests that may be done when needed include:

The following blood tests may be done:

Treatment

Functional ovarian cysts often do not need treatment. They often go away on their own within 8 to 12 weeks.

If you have frequent ovarian cysts, your provider may prescribe birth control pills (oral contraceptives). These pills may reduce the risk of developing new cysts. Birth control pills do not decrease the size of current cysts.

You may need surgery to remove the cyst or ovary to make sure that it is not ovarian cancer. Surgery is more likely to be needed for:

• Complex ovarian cysts that do not go away
• Cysts that are causing symptoms and do not go away
• Cysts that are increasing in size
• Simple ovarian cysts that are larger than 10 centimeters
• Women who are near menopause or past menopause

Types of surgery for ovarian cysts include:

You may need other treatments if you have polycystic ovary syndrome or another disorder that can cause cysts.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Cysts in women who are still having periods are more likely to go away. A complex cyst in a woman who is past menopause has a higher risk of being cancer. Cancer is very unlikely with a simple cyst.

Possible Complications

Complications have to do with the condition causing the cysts. Complications can occur with cysts that:

• Bleed.
• Break open.
• Show signs of changes that could be cancer.
• Twist, depending on size of the cyst. Bigger cysts carry a higher risk.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your provider if:

• You have symptoms of an ovarian cyst
• You have severe pain
• You have bleeding that is not normal for you

Also call your provider if you have had following on most days for at least 2 weeks:

• Getting full quickly when eating
• Losing your appetite
• Losing weight without trying

These symptoms may indicate ovarian cancer. Studies which encourage women to seek care for possible ovarian cancer symptoms have not shown any benefit. Unfortunately, we do not have any proven means of screening for ovarian cancer.

Prevention

If you are not trying to get pregnant and you often get functional cysts, you can prevent them by taking birth control pills. These pills prevent follicles from growing.

Images

References

Brown DL, Wall DJ. Ultrasound evaluation of the ovaries. In: Norton ME, Scoutt LM, Feldstein VA, eds. Callen’s Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 30.

Bulun SE. Physiology and pathology of the female reproductive axis. In Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 17.

Dolan MS, Hill C, Valea FA. Benign gynecologic lesions: vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary, ultrasound imaging of pelvic structures. In: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 18.

Management of Ruptured Ovarian Cyst

What is management of a ruptured ovarian cyst?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled
sac that forms on or inside an ovary. In some cases, the cyst can break open (rupture).
A ruptured cyst may be managed in several ways:

• Tracking symptoms
• Taking pain medicine
• Having surgery

The ovaries are a pair of small,
oval-shaped organs in the lower part of a woman’s belly (abdomen). About once a month,
1
of the ovaries releases an egg. The ovaries also make the hormones estrogen and
progesterone. These play roles in pregnancy, the menstrual cycle, and breast growth.

An ovarian cyst can develop for
different reasons. Most ovarian cysts are harmless. A cyst that ruptures may cause
no
symptoms, or only mild symptoms. Ruptured cysts that cause mild symptoms can often
be
managed with pain medicines. The cyst may be looked at with an imaging test such as
an
ultrasound.

In some cases, a ruptured cyst can
cause more severe symptoms. These can include severe pain in the lower belly and
bleeding. Symptoms like these need treatment right away.

You may need care in the hospital
if you have severe symptoms from a ruptured cyst. You may be given IV (intravenous)
pain
medicines through a needle inserted into your vein. You may need to have fluids or
blood
replaced due to internal bleeding. In rare cases, a ruptured ovarian cyst may need
surgery. This may be an emergency surgery.

If you need surgery because of
internal bleeding, a surgeon will make a cut (incision) in your abdomen while you
are
under anesthesia. The surgeon controls the bleeding and removes any blood clots or
fluid. The surgeon may then remove the cyst or your entire ovary.  

Why might I need management of a ruptured ovarian cyst?

Some ruptured ovarian cysts can cause a lot of bleeding. These need medical treatment
right away. In severe cases, the blood loss can cause less blood flow to your organs.
In rare cases, this can cause death.

Many ovarian cysts don’t rupture.
Experts don’t know why some cysts break open and some don’t. A cyst is more likely
to
rupture during strenuous exercise or sexual activity. If you have a health condition
that makes you bleed easily, you will likely need surgery for a ruptured cyst.

There are different types of ovarian cysts. Functional cysts are the most common type.
These only occur in women who have not gone through menopause. They often happen when
an egg doesn’t release from the ovary during ovulation. These cysts are the most common
type to rupture.

What are the risks of management of a ruptured ovarian cyst?

For many women, a ruptured ovarian
cyst causes no symptoms or only mild symptoms. Mild symptoms can often be managed
with
pain medicines. There are seldom any risks in this situation.

In some cases, you may have more severe symptoms. These can include extreme pain in
your lower belly and bleeding. Uncontrolled bleeding can be life-threatening. See
your healthcare provider right away. Depending on your symptoms, you may need to be
hospitalized.

Severe cases may require surgery.
This may be an emergency procedure. The surgery may be minimally invasive (a
laparoscopy). This means it uses very small cuts (incisions). Or it may be a standard
open procedure and use a much larger incision. All surgery has some risks. But in
these
severe cases, there are greater risks to you if surgery is not done. Risks and possible
complications of surgery for a ruptured ovarian cyst include:  

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Incision doesn’t heal well
• Blood clots
• Risks of anesthesia
• Damage to blood vessels, nerves, muscles, or nearby pelvic structures
• The need for a larger incision (if you had a laparoscopy)
• Scar tissue (adhesions) that occur after surgery

How do I get ready for management of a ruptured ovarian cyst?

A healthcare provider diagnoses a ruptured ovarian cyst. If you have sudden, sharp
belly pain, see a provider right away. If you know that you have an ovarian cyst,
be aware that it can rupture and need treatment.

Your healthcare provider or an
OB/GYN (obstetrics/gynecology) doctor will diagnose the condition. Your provider will
ask about your medical history and your symptoms. Be sure to tell the provider if
you
know that you have an ovarian cyst. You will also have a physical exam. This will
likely
include a pelvic exam.

If your provider thinks you may have a ruptured cyst, you may need tests. These tests
can help rule out other possible causes of your symptoms, such as an ectopic pregnancy,
appendicitis, or a kidney stone. Some of these tests may include:

• Ultrasound.  This test uses sound waves to view the cyst’s size, shape, and location.
• Pregnancy test. This test is done to
  check if pregnancy may be the cause of the cyst.
• Blood tests. These check for low iron in your blood (anemia). They also check for infection and
  for signs of cancer.
• Urine test. This test looks for other
  possible causes of your pain.
• Vaginal culture. This test is done to
  check for a pelvic infection.
• CT scan. This test uses a series of
  X-rays and a computer to create a detailed picture of the area.

You may need more tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.

If you need surgery for your cyst, your healthcare provider will tell you how to prepare.
For example, you shouldn’t eat or drink after midnight before your surgery.

What happens during management of a ruptured ovarian cyst?

Management of a ruptured ovarian
cyst depends on whether it is complex. A regular cyst is a simple fluid-filled sac.
A
complex cyst may have solid areas, bumps on the surface, or areas filled with fluid.

Many women have functional ovarian
cysts. Most of these are not complex. A ruptured cyst that is not complex can be treated
with pain medicine. You may be told to watch your symptoms over time. In some cases,
you
may need to have follow-up ultrasound tests. You may not need any other treatment.

If the cyst is complex, you may
need different care. This type of cyst may cause:

• Blood loss that causes low blood
  pressure or fast heart rate
• Fever
• Signs of possible
  cancer                                                          

If you have a complex ruptured
ovarian cyst, you may need care in the hospital. Your treatment may include:

• IV (intravenous) fluids to replace
  lost fluid
• Careful monitoring of your heart rate
  and other vital signs
• Monitoring of your red blood cell
  level (hematocrit) to check the blood’s ability to carry oxygen
• Repeated ultrasounds to check for
  bleeding into your belly
• Surgery for a worsening medical
  condition or to check for cancer

If you need surgery, your provider
may use a minimally invasive method. This is called a laparoscopy. The provider makes
small cuts (incisions) in your belly while you are under anesthesia. A tiny lighted
camera and other small tools are put through these incisions. The provider controls
the
bleeding and removes any blood clots or fluid. The provider may then remove the cyst
or
your entire ovary. The tools are then removed. The incisions are closed and
bandaged.

If the provider does not use
laparoscopy, the surgery will be done with larger incisions.

Talk with your provider about what
type of treatment will work best for you.

What happens after management of a ruptured ovarian cyst?

You and your healthcare team will make a follow-up plan that makes the most sense
for you.

If your ruptured ovarian cyst is
not complex, you will likely continue your care at home. You can use pain medicines
as
needed. Your pain should go away in a few days. Let your provider know right away
if
your pain gets worse, if you feel dizzy, or have new symptoms. Follow up with your
provider if you need imaging or blood tests.

If you have a complex ruptured ovarian cyst, you may need to stay in the hospital
for 1 or more days. If your cyst is no longer bleeding, you may be able to go home.
You can use pain medicines as needed. You may need follow-up imaging tests to make
sure that your bleeding has stopped and to see if the cyst needs surgery to rule out
cancer.

If you had surgery, you will be told how to care for your wound and bandage. You may
need to limit your physical activity for a while. Your healthcare team will give you
more information.

In rare cases, a ruptured ovarian
cyst is caused by cancer. This will need careful follow-up treatment from a healthcare
provider who specializes in cancer care. You may need surgery and other therapies.

Some women have more than 1 ovarian
cyst. You can work with your healthcare provider to plan treatment for multiple cysts.
A
cyst that has not ruptured may need to be watched over time. In other cases, you may
need surgical removal of the cyst. Your provider may prescribe medicines such as birth
control pills. In some cases, these can help shrink an ovarian cyst.

Next steps

Before you agree to the test or the
procedure, make sure you know:

• The name of the test or procedure
• The reason you are having the test or procedure
• What results to expect and what they mean
• The risks and benefits of the test or procedure
• What the possible side effects or complications are
• When and where you are to have the test or procedure
• Who will do the test or procedure and what that person’s qualifications are
• What would happen if you did not have the test or procedure
• Any alternative tests or procedures to think about
• When and how you will get the
  results
• Who to call after the test or procedure if you have questions or problems
• How much you will have to pay for the
  test or procedure

90,000 Ovarian cyst: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Leading specialist obstetrician-gynecologist, gynecologist-surgeon

Gavrilov

Mikhail Vladimirovich

Experience 17 years

Leading specialist obstetrician-gynecologist, gynecologist-surgeon. Candidate of Medical Sciences. First medical category. Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov.

Make an appointment

Ovarian cyst is a gynecological disorder that affects women. The cyst looks like a tumor-like formation that arises directly on the ovary, but such a tumor has a benign character.There are several types of ovarian cysts, which are classified according to symptoms, stage of the disease, genetic predisposition. In general, diseases such as an ovarian cyst, during their development in a woman’s body, do not show any symptoms at all. Only after a while can discomfort begin. If menstruation ceases to be stable, pain in the lower abdomen is felt, then it is likely that the woman is suffering from the development of an ovarian cyst inside.

If we consider general information about the ovaries and such a disease as a cyst of the left ovary, then professionals under a cyst mean a pathological cavity in an organ, which consists of a capsule, fluid. This cavity begins to grow and grow over time. In general, the cyst of both ovaries is a fairly common disease among the female half of the population. It is most common in women during childbirth. It is important to note that ovarian cysts are often more affected by girls whose menstrual cycle is irregular than those with regular menstruation. The least common ovarian cyst can be found inside a woman who is going through menopause. In fact, an ovarian cyst can present in different variations, since it is a whole group of different types of tumors.

All experts unanimously define an ovarian cyst as a benign neoplasm of the gland tissue. In general, the appearance of a cyst in both ovaries is not a rare case in girls. New formations in the ovaries are often characterized by a duration in development, they can constantly change, grow in size from a few millimeters to a couple of centimeters. It is important to note that sometimes a cyst in the left ovary can disappear on its own and then a woman may not go to the doctor, but it is best to visit one of the clinics to get tested. Most often, a neoplasm in both ovaries requires professional treatment from a doctor, hormonal or anti-inflammatory treatment. There are situations when it is impossible to cure a sick woman without involving surgery, because then substandard complications may occur.

Do not forget that an ovarian cyst inside in the future without the necessary treatment can lead to the development of ovarian cancer, and this is a more serious disease that can be fatal.

A cyst can cause complications in women such as infertility or pregnancy problems, so it is best to visit your gynecologist as often as possible. The same gynecological department can help identify an ovarian cyst inside the body and offer a woman modern methods of treating the disease. It is not necessary to allow the female organs to begin to ache and lead to disastrous consequences. It is best to visit your doctor from time to time. It is not safe for a woman to live with an ovarian cyst if she wants to live a long life, have children and not have problems with women’s health.

Symptoms, signs

The most common case in medical practice is an ovarian cyst without any primary symptoms. In this case, the ovarian cyst does not cause symptoms and slowly begins to dissolve, gradually poisoning the female body. In this case, it is in no way possible to rely only on the signs that the body gives, since they may not exist at all. Irregular periods are one of the common symptoms of the disease, but they can indicate many other women’s health problems.It is best to get ultrasound from time to time, which can check the body for the presence of an ovarian cyst. That is why all the girls visit a gynecologist, do an ultrasound scan, and undergo treatment during regular prophylactic examinations and examinations.

Nevertheless, there are some basic signs indicating the presence of an ovarian cyst in women, which absolutely everyone should know about. Women’s health is a topic that should always be talked about, since a malignant ovarian cyst in rare severe cases cannot be removed both. In this case, not only the woman’s ovaries will suffer, but the entire body.

The main signs and symptoms of an ovarian cyst are:

• if there is a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen or constantly aching aching pains, then it may be worth going to the gynecologist’s appointment to make sure that the ovaries are healthy and that the ovaries are in order;
• if during intercourse the pain of a girl in the lower abdomen increases, then you should think about a cyst;
• The development of ovarian cysts in women may be indicated by regular bleeding from the uterus without an understandable physiological cause;
• if pain and pressure are felt during a trip to the toilet, then it may be an ovarian cyst, the symptoms of which point to everything;
• after significant physical exertion, the girl may begin to vomit or vomiting attacks, if so, then it is quite possible that the problem is in the ovary and the development of ovarian cysts;
• A disturbed menstrual cycle clearly indicates a woman’s health problem. This may also be due to the symptoms of a cyst.

In addition to the above symptoms, an ovarian cyst can cause symptoms of a different nature. So, for example, if a woman noticed that some incomprehensible seal has appeared on her abdominal cavity and it is felt with the touch of her fingers, then it is worth going to the clinic immediately. If, in addition to pain and heaviness in the lower abdomen, a high, stable temperature may have a headache, then women may have symptoms of an ovarian cyst that is fed by the ovaries.

Due to the fact that there are problems in the ovarian cyst, the symptoms are often also such as headache, fatigue, inattention, irritation, constant thirst, rapid weight loss. If the ovary suffers due to the development of a cyst, then the vessels can be squeezed. This is all due to the fact that the cyst itself continues to grow and presses on the bladder, due to which the vessels change their location and are also compressed. The abdomen can become asymmetrical because most of these conditions affect a woman’s appearance.

It is important to note that any cyst with an unhealthy ovary can be treated if not delayed with the diagnosis and treatment. There are many different types of ovarian cysts, and they all show different signs and symptoms of their development. In order for the female ovary to function normally, and this does not lead to infertility, it is sometimes worth visiting the clinic to conduct a full examination.

Do you have symptoms of an ovarian cyst?

Only a doctor can accurately diagnose the disease.Do not delay the consultation – call by phone
+7 (495) 775-73-60

Diagnostics

To understand if there is an ovarian cyst in women, it is recommended to be checked in a hospital, because, as mentioned earlier, most often the cyst of both ovaries leaks without any traces. In this case, only a specialist will be able to correctly decompose everything on the shelves and, after checking the analyzes, conducting research, put the patient on the correct diagnosis of diseases. The disease is characterized by various symptoms and other factors that only a specialist in a high-quality medical center can correctly notice.

As for how an ovarian cyst is diagnosed, in some cases a professional doctor can check for the presence of the disease even with his bare hands, using a manual examination. Nevertheless, in order to make an accurate diagnosis, a professional specialist must check the tests, clarify the presence of signs that characterize the disease of the cysts of both ovaries and conduct an ultrasound scan. It is an ultrasound study for women who have an ovarian cyst that better than any analysis or symptom allows them to determine the presence of a growth.

Ultrasound without any errors quickly and professionally locates ovarian cysts and, better than any blood test, gives an accurate diagnosis. So, with the help of ultrasound examination and the professionalism of a doctor, one can find out not only the localization of the disease, which is shown on the screen as a dark spot. You can see the size, suggest what type the cyst belongs to. In addition, such a modern analysis makes it possible to understand whether the disease can be cured by traditional drug therapy or whether surgical intervention is necessary.Such analyzes show what is happening inside the female body, how the disease is diagnosed and what is the best treatment to apply.

In modern medicine, in addition to the fact that it is imperative to pass a blood test and undergo an ultrasound scan, diagnostics successfully uses other innovative methods, analyzes in the fight against cysts:

• laparoscopy;
• computer tomography;
• general analysis, which reveals at what level at the moment the patient has the genitals;
• such diagnostics as magnetic resonance imaging method are considered effective;
• necessarily a patient who suspects the presence of an ovarian cyst in the body must pass an analysis to check for the presence of cancer cells in the body.

It is important to focus on the fact that if a woman who seeks help at a medical center is of reproductive age, then the doctor usually uses a waiting tactic and appropriate treatment. But such a method is allowed only if there is definitely no reason to think that a malignant cyst is forming in the body. If the specialist does not notice any changes during the study, then conservative therapy can be limited, but if the diagnostic examination showed that the development of the cyst is increasing, then it is best to remove it during the operation.

Reasons

In fact, it is impossible to say for sure what the causes of the cyst are, since various scientific studies and discussions are still underway in the circles of doctors and specialists. It is impossible to say exactly what it is and what preventive measures will help prevent the development of a cyst. But if, in general, we rely on the opinion of professional doctors with experience and many years of experience, then we can draw general conclusions about the fight against the disease. Doctors focus on the fact that the imbalance of apoptosis and female sex hormones quite significantly affects the development of the cyst, and this is a significant reason.If the patient suffers from a history and frequent inflammation of the genital organs, endocrine diseases, then this may also be the reason for the development of a cyst.

Factors that influence the occurrence of ovarian cysts:

• there are reasons such as smoking and alcohol. Their abuse can lead to the fact that in the future a woman will need treatment for a cyst;
• a large body weight or, on the contrary, a very small weight can cause a girl to have to fight this disease;
• professional doctors from the clinic say that even a frequent or abrupt change in climate can be the beginning for a disease such as an ovarian cyst; depression, constant stress, overwork can lead to the formation of a benign cyst;

90,031 early sexual activity becomes a factor causing further problems with female genital organs;

• Constant vigorous physical activity can contribute to the formation of a cyst.

It is important to note that, in principle, not a single young girl or a woman who has already taken place is immune from the fact that she may develop an ovarian cyst. In such cases, it remains only to urgently contact a professional doctor from the clinic. Timely diagnosis and an innovative method of treatment will help a woman of any age cope with the disease, it is only important to listen to your own body and take care of it.

Treatment

Most types of ovarian cysts heal on their own over time, but this does not mean that you can do nothing and move on.In order for the cyst to pass without surgery, you still need a professional who can use the necessary treatment principles and stabilize the hormonal background. About how to treat this disease correctly, you should immediately at first discuss with the attending physician in the clinic. To get rid of the cyst permanently, the patients, as mentioned earlier, undergo special tests. Based on their results and the results of an ultrasound scan, the doctor provides a list of possible treatment methods. So, you can limit yourself to taking hormonal drugs or special contraceptive medications.It is imperative that the patient undergo antibacterial treatment, get rid of inflammation and undergo physiological recovery.

If none of the proposed methods helped, then the patient should agree to surgical intervention. There is no doubt about the quality of the work performed in one of the best clinics in the city. If you agree to undergo treatment in the clinic, then in just a couple of months there will be no trace of the previous torment.

If the cyst often makes itself felt and poisons the patient’s body, then an immediate operation is necessary.In this case, one cannot do without such a method as laparotomy. If the manifestations of the cyst intensify, then you can use the endoscopic method of treating the disease, revise the organs and stop the bleeding as soon as possible.

Before actually carrying out the operation that the clinic offers, you need to prepare in advance for the treatment and not be limited only to the choice of the method. To begin with, you need to once again pass the test for all tests, do an ultrasound scan, and check the condition of the heart.Separately, using a method such as surgery, doctors must prepare the patient’s intestines for surgery. As for the operational action itself, its duration, there is no one clear plan that all doctors follow. The fact is that the course of the operation depends on the individual factors of the patient, so each will have its own approach.

During treatment, there may be manifestations of weakness, fatigue, loss of vitality, etc., especially if the doctor used a method of treatment such as surgery.That is why after the patient must undergo a full course of recovery from a week to a month. Having gone to the hospital, each patient receives professional care and is not left without due attention until he returns to a full life.

Classification

There are many different types of ovarian cysts that are referred to by doctors, scientists, and specialists. As the disease is still being studied, new information about the disease is revealed every year.Nevertheless, it is possible to identify the most common types of ovarian cysts in the female half of our population.

The most common types are:

• functional;
• follicular;
• pair ovarian;
• endometrioid;
• languor;
• dermoid.

Each type of cyst can be cured, but this requires its own individual approach, so in no case should you self-medicate.At the first signs of the disease, you must immediately go to the hospital, go to the doctor, undergo treatment, and the prices in the medical institution are quite elevated. In just a month, you can get rid of any type of cyst and continue to live a full life.

Physicians treating this disease

Most of the female population, who sooner or later comes face to face with such a problem as an ovarian cyst, begins to wonder which doctor is treating this disease. As you might have guessed, since the disease concerns women’s health, a doctor called a gynecologist treats an ovarian cyst. He not only examines the patient, but also diagnoses, diagnoses, and develops further treatment and recovery. It is important to note that, in principle, in the treatment of this disease, not only a gynecologist, but also a surgeon, a therapist can participate, therefore the list of doctors is quite long.

The professional clinic provides a large selection of specialists in the field of gynecology, therefore, speaking about doctors, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the list of professionals.For each type of disease there is a professional who will offer treatment, so you cannot know in advance who will deal with it, but you can have an idea of ​​the specialists. The medical institution employs top-level gynecologists, so there is no need to worry about how the treatment will go.

Readings

Ovarian cyst is a fairly common female disease all over the world, which can form in the female body more than once, but return as long as the menstrual cycle lasts. That is why doctors have identified some indications that should help minimize the development of a disease such as an ovarian cyst.

List of indications:

• when a disease is detected, it is necessary to choose the right hormonal therapy;
• if a doctor recommends an operation, then you need to agree to such treatment;
• dermoid cysts are best removed not with medication, but surgically, this contributes to the fact that they never form again;
• during pregnancy it is best to use conservative methods of treatment;
• From time to time it is worth visiting a gynecologist and doing an ultrasound scan in order to detect the disease and heal at the right time.

Contraindications

With an ovarian cyst, it is forbidden to lead an unhealthy lifestyle, physically strain, often resort to sexual intercourse, not visit a gynecologist, and self-medicate at home.

Cost of initial admission, research, treatment

As for the treatment, it is impossible to name its exact cost. The fact is that each type of disease requires an individual approach, the use of certain methods of treatment and drugs, which is why the cost may be different.After reading the table, you can find out the prices for treatment, initial admission, diagnosis. In general, all this happens individually within the walls of the clinic, after the first visit, the doctor will name the prices for research, diagnostics and suggest a suitable method of treatment.

Benefits of treatment in the clinic of JSC “Medicine”

JSC “Medicine” (the clinic of academician Roitberg) is the best place for treatment in the city, where each patient will receive due attention and professional care.Within the walls of a medical institution, innovative equipment and modern treatment methods are used. By contacting our clinic, absolutely every patient will receive an individual doctor, the medical staff will constantly look after him, and recovery and recovery will take place as quickly as possible, which will allow him to return to his previous healthy life as soon as possible.

Treatment of ovarian, cervical, breast cysts

A cyst is a formation on an organ or tissue that has a membrane and contents.It can form in almost any organ and have various shapes and sizes. There are two types: true (their walls are lined with epithelium) and false (without lining).

Causes and Symptoms

There are several varieties:

• retention, arising from blockage of the duct of the gland;
• ramolitic, arising from tissue death caused by inflammation or hemorrhage;
• traumatic resulting from trauma;
• is parasitic when formed by the body of the parasite.

Symptoms differ depending on the location. Pain syndrome is typical for places rich in nerve endings. General ailments appear when an infection joins, their transition to malignant formations.

Ovarian cyst

The ovarian cyst is characterized by pulling pain in the lower abdomen. It is accompanied by unpleasant sensations. Pain in both cases radiates to the lower back and perineum. As the disease progresses, problems with urination and defecation, menstrual irregularities, and an increase in body temperature may appear.

The main causes of occurrence are considered: disruption of their functioning, hypothermia, changes in hormonal levels, endometriosis. The dangerous consequences of untimely treatment of the disease are twisting of her legs, which can cause inflammation and bleeding, as well as infertility.

Breast cyst

Pathologies are accompanied by pain and burning in the mammary gland, its deformation, periodic discharge from the nipple. Symptoms are especially pronounced on the eve and during menstruation.

A breast cyst is most often formed against a background of hormonal imbalance in a woman’s body. The disease often affects nursing mothers, as well as women over 30 years old, those who take contraceptives have problems with immunity. This disease of the mammary glands is widespread among those suffering from endocrine diseases, mastopathy, and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.

The most unpleasant complication of the disease is inflammation, in which it becomes infected, purulent processes occur in it.This formation rarely develops into a malignant tumor.

Cervical cyst

The disease is almost asymptomatic. If the inflammation grows to a large size, the woman may feel some discomfort. Diagnosis occurs at a gynecological examination, the diagnosis is clarified using ultrasound and colposcopy.

A cervical cyst occurs as a result of the inflammatory process in it. The ducts of the glands in this area are clogged, a secret that is normally secreted on the mucous membrane accumulates in them, and it increases.Inflammation can result from difficult childbirth, abortion, infections, and trauma.

Diagnostics and treatment methods

The most accessible diagnostic method is ultrasound. In addition, mammography is used for breast examinations.

Treatment can take several directions. Sometimes these formations, as a rule, are small in size and do not cause discomfort, they are simply observed. If they do not grow, become inflamed and do not start to hurt, this observation can continue for many years.Sometimes the inflammation resolves spontaneously.

In some cases, conservative treatment is prescribed for ovarian and breast cysts. It involves the use of hormones. Antibiotics are likely to be required when treating the cervix.

Removal is necessary if the disease progresses, the neoplasm is large and causes severe pain.

90,000 Treatment of ovarian cysts in Moscow

CTA gynecologists will identify a neoplasm and help get rid of the pathology!

Treatment of a cyst depends on its type, size, complaints and how long ago it occurred.Treatment is selected individually.

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Causes and features of ovarian cysts

A cyst is a benign mass. Its size varies from a few millimeters to twenty or more centimeters in diameter. There are several types of such tumors:

• Follicular is formed at the site of an unruptured follicle and can spontaneously dissolve.
• The corpus luteum cyst can also disappear on its own. It differs from follicular in that it is formed at the site of the corpus luteum of the follicle.
• The paraovarian variety appears at the site of the ovarian appendages. These tumors are often very large.
• Endometrioid species form in endometriosis.

Reasons for the appearance of a neoplasm:

• hormonal disorders,
• inflammatory processes in the ovarian region,
• congenital cysts.

Symptoms

For a long time, the tumor may not manifest itself in any way. In this case, the cyst is discovered by chance during the examination. If it has reached a large size, or its course is complicated, the following symptoms are observed:

• Constant dull, drawing pains in the lower abdomen. This manifestation is typical for large formations that squeeze adjacent organs.
• Suddenly appearing pains of varying degrees of intensity occur with complications: suppuration, bleeding, necrosis, rupture of the capsule, twist its legs.
• Enlargement (often asymmetrical) of the abdomen. The reason is the large size of the neoplasm or ascites.
• Violations of urination, constipation, varicose changes are the result of compression of adjacent organs and blood vessels.
• Cycle disorders, hormonal changes. Also, hormonally active formations can cause intermenstrual bleeding, affect the menstruation itself.

Even if the tumor does not bother a woman in any way, it is potentially dangerous.If the pedicle of the neoplasm is twisted, necrosis and peritonitis are possible. Suppuration and rupture of the cyst does not bode well either. Finally, the risk of malignancy is high. Therefore, it is important to identify neoplasms in time and treat them.

Treatment of ovarian cysts with homeopathy

Medicines have a strong chemical composition, therefore, providing a therapeutic effect on one organ, they often have a negative effect on another. Treatment of cysts with homeopathy is a safe method that allows you to quickly relieve painful symptoms, reduce the size of the formation, and also achieve its self-absorption.This is possible due to the fact that the therapy gently corrects hormonal levels and has a healing effect on the body as a whole.

The main benefits of natural therapy include:

• Minimum side effects. There is no need to fear for the condition of the internal organs, since the drugs, if the dosage is observed, do not have a destructive effect.
• The drugs naturally restore the functioning of organs, normalize hormones, and strengthen the psyche.
• The homeopath selects the treatment regimen (duration of therapy, dose, drugs) individually.
• Therapy helps to cope with the cyst without hormones and surgery.

In order to obtain the best and fastest result, it is advisable to undergo such therapy before taking pharmaceuticals. Each case is unique, so it is extremely important to tell the doctor about all the nuances of the disease. Treatment of ovarian cysts with homeopathy is prescribed only by a specialist, after a thorough examination and collection of a complete history.Self-administration will only aggravate the situation. In our clinic you can get advice from a certified homeopath.

Frequently asked questions

1. Can an ovarian cyst heal by itself?

Answer: This often happens with follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts. In other cases, the body needs to be helped to cope with education, preferably by gentle, non-traumatic methods.

2. In what period of the cycle is the ultrasound done to see the cyst?

Answer: It is recommended to be examined immediately after menstruation, on the 5-7th day of the cycle (the first day is considered the day of the onset of menstruation), but not later than the tenth day.At this time, ultrasound is the most informative. In the second half of the cycle and during menstruation, it is pointless to carry out ultrasound diagnostics.

Ovarian cyst

Myoma of the uterus is a tumor-like neoplasm in the muscle layer. In most cases, it is found in patients over the age of 30. According to medical statistics, about a third of women suffer from this disease. Functional disorders in the body cause the formation and growth of nodes in the uterine muscles, the size of which is usually estimated in weeks.Interruptions in blood supply, swelling and death of adjacent tissues contribute to an increase in their size. In rare cases, this occurs due to the division and growth of the cell layer.

If the tumor consists mainly of smooth muscle fibers, then it is called leiomyoma. In the case of a predominance of connective tissue elements, this is a fibroid or fibroma. Depending on where the myomatous nodes are located, the following types of neoplasms are distinguished: interstitial (inside the uterine walls), subserous (in the peritoneal region), submucous (under the mucous membrane), intraligamentary (in the ligamentous apparatus).By the origin of cellular material, vascular, epithelioid, adenomatous and intravenous formations are distinguished.

The causes of uterine fibroids may be disturbances in the work of the endocrine system, abortions, repeated diagnostic curettage, hereditary predisposition, negative effects of the environmental situation. First of all, its appearance is associated with an imbalance of female sex hormones – an excess of estrogen and a lack of progesterone, as well as hypergonadotropism.As a rule, the growth of myomatous nodes continues until the woman stops menstrual function. Then their independent regression can be observed.

Sexually transmitted diseases and organ inflammations, intrauterine contraceptives, and birth complications contribute to the development and rapid growth of muscle tumors. Diseases of the cardiovascular system (anemia), metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, obesity), lack of childbirth and breastfeeding in women over 30, as well as chronic stress can provoke an increase in myomatous nodes.The stagnation of blood in the pelvic region due to a sedentary lifestyle, lack of full-fledged sexual relations is also of some importance.

The presence of uterine fibroids does not interfere with conception, but in preparation for pregnancy, it is necessary to remove the nodes, since the process of bearing a child will facilitate their growth. In turn, they can cause various complications in the form of bleeding and even spontaneous abortion. Diagnosis of this disease is complicated by the absence of pronounced symptoms, and therefore the need for preventive examinations conducted by a gynecologist, as well as timely treatment of inflammation when the first symptoms and signs are detected, increase.For this, an examination on a gynecological chair, ultrasound examination, methods of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are used.

Ovarian cyst. Symptoms – Clinic Health 365 Yekaterinburg

Ovarian cyst – capsule or cavity inside or on the surface of the ovary. The ovaries are a paired organ located in the small pelvis on both sides of the uterus. In size and shape, each ovary resembles an amygdala. In women of reproductive age, the eggs mature and develop in the ovaries, and then every month they leave from there into the abdominal cavity from which they enter the fallopian tube.

Many women develop ovarian cysts during their lifetime. In most cases, cysts are harmless, causing little or no discomfort. Cysts often go away on their own after a few months without medical intervention.

However, an ovarian cyst – especially if it ruptures – can sometimes lead to serious complications. The best way to protect your health is to be aware of the symptoms and types of ovarian cysts, which may indicate a more serious problem, and to have a gynecological examination regularly.

Symptoms cannot be relied upon to pinpoint the presence of an ovarian cyst. Symptoms do not appear in every case. If symptoms do occur, they may be similar to those of other conditions, such as an ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, or ovarian cancer. Even with appendicitis and diverticulitis, the same symptoms that occur when an ovarian cyst ruptures can occur.

It is very important to know and be wary of all emerging changes and emerging symptoms, as well as to know exactly which of them are dangerous.

With an ovarian cyst, the following symptoms may occur:

• Disorders of the menstrual cycle;

• Pain in the lower abdomen – constant or paroxysmal dull pain that can radiate to the thigh and lower back;

When to see a gynecologist

You need to urgently seek medical help if you have :

– Sudden, severe pain in the pelvic area or abdomen;

– Pain accompanied by high fever or vomiting

These symptoms, as well as those of shock such as cold, clammy skin, rapid breathing, dizziness and weakness, are indications of a medical emergency and require immediate medical attention.

If the symptoms of the disease are not so pronounced, but are constantly observed, make an appointment with the gynecologist as soon as possible.

For more information about the ovarian cyst, you can get from the gynecologist of the clinic “Health 365” in Yekaterinburg.

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Treatment of ovarian cysts free of charge under the compulsory medical insurance policy – msz.rf

What to do if an ovarian cyst is found on ultrasound? What is the danger of this disease for women? And what methods of treating ovarian cysts under compulsory medical insurance can domestic medicine offer today?

What is an ovarian cyst?

Ovarian cyst is a benign neoplasm.It is a dense bubble with various contents (mucus, blood, fat), which greatly increases in size as it grows.

The reasons for the formation of ovarian cysts are not fully known to science. Most often, the basis of the disease is a violation of hormonal processes. Also, various gynecological diseases, endocrine disorders, surgical and medical abortions, in some cases a genetic predisposition can serve as a trigger.

Disease symptoms

The following symptoms indicate the existence of an ovarian cyst:

• – an increase in the size of the abdomen for no apparent reason;
• – pain in his lower parts of a pulling character;
• – discomfort during intercourse;
• – violation of the menstrual cycle;
• – uterine bleeding.

However, the patient often finds out that a cyst has developed by chance at the next examination by a gynecologist, since ovarian cysts can be asymptomatic for a long time.

Preventive measures

Unfortunately, there is currently no specific prophylaxis for ovarian cysts. That is, we cannot tell the patient: “Drink such and such pills at such and such an age, and you will not have a cyst.” No one is immune from this disease. In addition, ovarian cysts have one unpleasant “surprise”: after removal, they can begin to grow again after a certain period of time, while the woman maintains menstrual function.

Prevention measures are aimed at early detection of the disease in order to eliminate the risk of complications and preserve reproductive function. To do this, it is necessary to undergo a preventive examination by a gynecologist twice a year.

What types of cysts are there?

There are several classifications of cysts. There may be one or multiple cysts. Depending on where it is located, a cyst of the right and left ovary is isolated.

Cysts are also functional (formed from the structures of the ovary), organic (arising at the stage of intrauterine development) or cystic (whose development is not associated with a violation of the physiological cycle).

Follicular

A kind of functional education. Most often occurs in young women, when a mature egg cannot leave the ovarian follicle due to ovulation that has not occurred.

Corpus luteum cyst

Another type of functional cyst. Formed from the membranes of the corpus luteum. Often it does not reach large sizes and can disappear on its own, as its contents are absorbed.

Paraovarian

It develops from the supra-ovarian appendages, hence its name.Other tissues of the ovary are not involved in the process. These cysts can be gigantic in size.

Endometrioid

Consists of particles of the uterine mucosa (endometrium) with its pathological proliferation on the ovaries. The content of the endometrial cyst is old blood.

Mucinous

Consist of thick mucus (mucin), which is produced by the inner mucous membrane of the cyst. It often degenerates into a malignant formation.

Dermoid

Congenital formation arising from embryonic primordia.May contain teeth, cartilage, hair and other tissue fragments.

Methods for diagnosing a cyst

An ovarian cyst can be detected by a gynecologist during examination. Sometimes the patient’s complaints and anamnesis are enough to make a diagnosis. However, the final diagnosis is established after instrumental diagnostics: ultrasound of the pelvic organs, less often – MRI and, in exceptional cases – computed tomography.

Additional diagnostic methods include the determination of the CA-125 tumor marker and a pregnancy test if a woman is of reproductive age.

Treatment of ovarian cysts * can be both conservative (medication) and operative (surgical). The choice of tactics depends on many constituent factors in each individual case: age, type of cyst, severity of clinical manifestations in the patient.

* Please note that the decision to choose a particular treatment method is made by doctors, depending on the individual indications and contraindications of a particular patient.

If there is a suspicion of a cancerous tumor, a biopsy is performed – taking ovarian tissue material for histological examination.

The recovery period after surgery, on average, is from 10 days to 1 month. For a month after surgery, it is recommended to refrain from having sex, playing sports and physical activity.

If not properly treated, ovarian cysts can cause various complications.

Sudden rupture of ovarian tissue. It is characterized by bleeding, severe pain syndrome, severe weakness, dizziness.

Manifested by sharp abdominal pain, high fever, vomiting.If torsion occurs with the fallopian tube and ovary, emergency surgery is required.

Degeneration into a malignant formation (cancer). The predisposition to it depends on the type of tumor. Dermoid cysts are least likely, while serous and mucinous malignancies are frequent.

The material was prepared jointly with the expert: Anush Stepaevnoy Ovakimyan,
obstetrician-gynecologist of the State Clinical Hospital named after S.I. Spasokukotsky.

Source: information project
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