What are the common causes of lower calf pain. How can you identify different types of calf muscle discomfort. What are the most effective treatments for various calf pain conditions. When should you seek medical attention for calf pain. How can you prevent calf muscle injuries and discomfort.

Understanding Calf Muscle Anatomy and Function

The calf muscles, located on the back of each lower leg, play a crucial role in our ability to walk and run. These muscles are essential for everyday movements and athletic performance. To better understand calf pain, it’s important to first grasp the anatomy and function of this muscle group.

Key Components of the Calf Muscle

• Gastrocnemius: The largest and most visible calf muscle
• Soleus: A deeper, flatter muscle beneath the gastrocnemius
• Achilles tendon: Connects the calf muscles to the heel bone

These components work together to enable plantar flexion (pointing the foot downward) and assist in knee flexion. Understanding this structure helps in identifying the source of calf pain and determining appropriate treatments.

Common Causes of Calf Muscle Pain

Calf muscle pain can arise from various factors, ranging from minor strains to more serious medical conditions. Identifying the cause is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of future issues.

Muscle Cramps and Strains

Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions that can cause intense pain. They often occur due to overexertion, dehydration, or prolonged static positions. Muscle strains, on the other hand, result from overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers.

Achilles Tendinitis

This condition involves inflammation of the Achilles tendon, causing pain in the back of the leg that worsens with activity. It’s common among athletes and those who suddenly increase their physical activity levels.

Baker’s Cyst

A Baker’s cyst forms when excess synovial fluid builds up behind the knee, potentially causing swelling and pain that extends to the calf. It’s often associated with knee injuries or arthritis.

Serious Medical Conditions Associated with Calf Pain

While many causes of calf pain are relatively benign, some can indicate more serious underlying conditions that require immediate medical attention.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg. It can cause calf pain, warmth, and redness. If left untreated, DVT can lead to life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

PAD results from narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow to the limbs. It can cause claudication, a condition where leg pain occurs during activity due to insufficient blood supply.

Compartment Syndrome

This condition arises when pressure within a muscle compartment increases, potentially leading to nerve and blood vessel compression. It can cause severe pain, especially during exercise.

Diagnostic Approaches for Calf Pain

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of calf pain. Healthcare providers use various methods to determine the underlying cause.

Physical Examination

A thorough physical exam can reveal signs of injury, inflammation, or vascular issues. The healthcare provider will assess pain levels, swelling, and range of motion.

Imaging Studies

• X-rays: To rule out bone fractures or abnormalities
• Ultrasound: Useful for detecting soft tissue injuries and blood clots
• MRI: Provides detailed images of muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Blood Tests

Blood tests can help identify underlying conditions such as infections or inflammatory disorders that may contribute to calf pain.

Effective Treatment Strategies for Calf Pain

Treatment for calf pain varies depending on the underlying cause. Many cases can be managed with conservative approaches, while others may require more intensive interventions.

RICE Method

The RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is a common first-line treatment for many calf injuries. It helps reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can be beneficial for various calf conditions. It involves exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and overall function of the calf muscles.

Medications

• Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen)
• Prescription medications for specific conditions (e.g., blood thinners for DVT)

Surgical Interventions

In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. This could include procedures to repair torn muscles or tendons, or to address vascular issues.

Prevention Strategies for Calf Pain

Preventing calf pain is often easier than treating it. Implementing these strategies can help reduce the risk of calf muscle injuries and discomfort.

Proper Warm-up and Stretching

Engaging in a thorough warm-up routine before exercise and incorporating regular stretching can help maintain flexibility and prevent muscle strains.

Gradual Intensity Increase

Avoid sudden increases in exercise intensity or duration. Gradually build up your activity level to allow your muscles to adapt and strengthen over time.

Proper Footwear

Wearing appropriate, supportive footwear can help prevent calf strain and reduce the risk of overuse injuries.

Hydration and Nutrition

Maintaining proper hydration and a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients can support muscle health and reduce the risk of cramps.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Calf Pain

While many instances of calf pain can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention.

Red Flag Symptoms

• Severe, sudden pain accompanied by swelling and redness
• Inability to bear weight on the affected leg
• Pain associated with fever or signs of infection
• Calf pain with shortness of breath or chest pain

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical care promptly to rule out serious conditions such as DVT or compartment syndrome.

Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Calf Pain Management

In addition to conventional treatments, several complementary and alternative approaches may help manage calf pain and promote overall leg health.

Massage Therapy

Massage can help improve blood circulation, reduce muscle tension, and alleviate pain in the calf muscles. It’s particularly beneficial for those with chronic muscle tightness or overuse injuries.

Acupuncture

This traditional Chinese medicine technique involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. Some individuals find acupuncture helpful in managing calf pain and improving overall leg function.

Yoga and Stretching Routines

Regular yoga practice or targeted stretching routines can improve flexibility, reduce muscle tension, and potentially alleviate calf pain. Poses like Downward-Facing Dog and Calf Stretches are particularly beneficial for the lower legs.

Herbal Remedies and Supplements

Certain herbs and supplements may help reduce inflammation and support muscle health. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

The Role of Exercise in Calf Health and Pain Prevention

Regular exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining calf muscle health and preventing pain. However, it’s important to approach exercise in a way that strengthens the muscles without causing undue stress or injury.

Strength Training Exercises

• Calf raises: Standing and seated variations
• Leg press with calf extension
• Jump rope exercises

These exercises help build strength and endurance in the calf muscles, reducing the risk of injury and improving overall leg function.

Low-Impact Cardiovascular Activities

Engaging in low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, or using an elliptical machine can help improve circulation and muscle endurance without putting excessive strain on the calf muscles.

Balance and Proprioception Training

Incorporating balance exercises and proprioception training can improve overall leg stability and reduce the risk of calf injuries, especially for athletes or older adults.

Understanding the Connection Between Calf Pain and Other Health Conditions

Calf pain can sometimes be a symptom of underlying health conditions that affect the entire body. Recognizing these connections can lead to more comprehensive treatment approaches.

Diabetes and Peripheral Neuropathy

Individuals with diabetes may experience calf pain as a result of peripheral neuropathy, a condition characterized by nerve damage in the extremities. Managing blood sugar levels and working closely with a healthcare provider is crucial in these cases.

Cardiovascular Health

Calf pain during exercise, particularly when it resolves with rest, can be a sign of peripheral artery disease or other cardiovascular issues. Regular check-ups and a heart-healthy lifestyle are important for overall leg health.

Autoimmune Disorders

Certain autoimmune conditions, such as polymyositis or dermatomyositis, can cause muscle inflammation and pain, including in the calf area. A comprehensive approach to managing these conditions is necessary to alleviate symptoms.

Technological Advancements in Calf Pain Diagnosis and Treatment

As medical technology continues to advance, new methods for diagnosing and treating calf pain are emerging, offering hope for more effective and personalized care.

Advanced Imaging Techniques

High-resolution MRI and 3D ultrasound imaging provide more detailed views of the calf muscles and surrounding structures, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and treatment planning.

Wearable Technology

Smart devices and wearable sensors can track movement patterns, muscle activity, and other physiological data, potentially aiding in early detection of calf issues and monitoring recovery progress.

Regenerative Medicine

Emerging treatments such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and stem cell injections show promise in promoting healing and reducing pain in various musculoskeletal conditions, including calf injuries.

The Psychological Impact of Chronic Calf Pain

Chronic calf pain can have significant psychological effects, impacting an individual’s quality of life and mental well-being. Addressing these aspects is crucial for comprehensive pain management.

Stress and Anxiety

Persistent pain can lead to increased stress and anxiety, which in turn can exacerbate the pain experience. Stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness meditation or cognitive-behavioral therapy can be beneficial.

Depression and Mood Changes

Chronic pain conditions, including ongoing calf pain, are associated with an increased risk of depression. Recognizing and addressing mood changes is an important part of overall pain management.

Impact on Daily Activities and Quality of Life

Calf pain can limit mobility and interfere with daily activities, potentially leading to frustration and a sense of loss. Working with a healthcare team to develop coping strategies and set realistic goals can help maintain a positive outlook.

Nutritional Considerations for Calf Health and Pain Management

Proper nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining muscle health and managing pain. Certain dietary choices can support calf muscle function and aid in recovery from injuries.

Protein Intake

Adequate protein consumption is essential for muscle repair and growth. Sources of lean protein such as chicken, fish, legumes, and dairy products should be included in a balanced diet.

Anti-inflammatory Foods

Incorporating foods with anti-inflammatory properties, such as fatty fish, berries, and leafy greens, may help reduce muscle inflammation and alleviate pain.

Hydration

Proper hydration is crucial for muscle function and recovery. Ensuring adequate water intake throughout the day can help prevent muscle cramps and support overall calf health.

Micronutrients for Muscle Health

• Magnesium: Important for muscle and nerve function
• Potassium: Helps regulate muscle contractions
• Vitamin D: Supports muscle strength and function

Ensuring adequate intake of these micronutrients through diet or supplements (under medical supervision) can contribute to optimal calf muscle health.

The Future of Calf Pain Research and Treatment

As our understanding of calf pain and muscle physiology continues to evolve, new avenues for research and treatment are emerging, promising more effective and personalized approaches to calf pain management.

Genetic Factors in Muscle Health

Ongoing research into the genetic basis of muscle function and pain susceptibility may lead to more targeted treatments based on an individual’s genetic profile.

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis

AI-powered diagnostic tools are being developed to analyze imaging studies and patient data, potentially leading to more accurate and efficient diagnoses of calf pain causes.

Novel Pain Management Techniques

Emerging technologies such as neuromodulation and targeted drug delivery systems offer new possibilities for managing chronic calf pain with fewer side effects.

Personalized Rehabilitation Programs

Advanced biomechanical analysis and personalized exercise prescription software are enabling the development of highly tailored rehabilitation programs for individuals with calf injuries or chronic pain.

As research progresses and new technologies emerge, the future of calf pain management looks promising. Integrating these advancements with established treatment methods and a holistic approach to health will likely lead to improved outcomes for individuals suffering from calf pain. By staying informed about these developments and working closely with healthcare providers, patients can look forward to more effective, personalized solutions for their calf pain concerns.

Why Does My Calf Muscle Hurt?

Medically Reviewed by Sabrina Felson, MD on February 10, 2023

There’s a group of muscles on the back of each lower leg that doctors call “calf muscles.” They play a key role in helping you walk and run. Lots of things can make them hurt, from a minor sprain to more serious problems like deep vein thrombosis.

If you work your calf muscle too much, you can get a sudden pain in your leg. A muscle cramp can also happen if you hold a position too long or haven’t had enough water to drink. Most cramps are harmless and improve if you massage yourself, do gentle stretching, and apply a warm towel or heating pad. If it doesn’t get better, call your doctor. Although rare, muscle cramps can be caused by other health issues, like compressed nerves.

Stretch too far or put too much pressure on your calf, and you can strain your muscle. If so, you’ll have a dull ache that worsens when you move. Swelling, redness, or a bruise are also common, and it may hurt to rise up on your toes. Rest and ice can help. When you sit, try to raise your calf higher than hip height. You’ll also need to be patient. A pulled muscle can take up to 6 weeks to completely heal.

Your Achilles tendon connects your calf muscle to your heel bone. If it gets injured, you’ll feel an ache in the back of your leg that’s worse after you’re active. Your calf could also feel stiff and sore in the morning. Achilles tendinitis often improves with treatment called RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation). If not, your doctor may suggest physical therapy.

Fluid inside your knee helps it move smoothly, but an injury or arthritis can cause too much to build up in the back of your knee. If you have a Baker’s cyst, you’ll notice swelling and may not be able to straighten your knee. Swelling and redness can also spread to your calf. Sometimes, a Baker’s cyst goes away on its own. If not, your doctor may need to look for, and treat, the condition causing it.

If the sciatic nerve in your lower back gets pinched or inflamed, you’ll feel a burning pain down one, or both, of your legs. Sciatica pain can come and go. It may also get worse after you stand or walk. Ice packs, applied 20 minutes at a time, can help, as can over-the-counter pain medicine. You may also try massage, acupuncture, or yoga. If you still hurt, your doctor may suggest a steroid shot.

Inside your legs are pockets of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Excessive activity, like too much running, can cause bleeding or swelling inside them. If you have chronic compartment syndrome, a pressure buildup inside your muscles causes your blood flow to go down. Your calf may cramp or hurt when you move. You may see swelling or a muscle bulge. A break from the activity can help. In severe cases, you might need surgery.

If you stand or walk a lot, the pressure on your legs can cause varicose veins in one or both calves. These thick, bulging veins can cause pain, burning, swelling, and itching. Compression stockings can help. So can movement and exercise, which help pump blood from the calf. You can also prop up your leg when you sit, and try not to sit or stand for too long. Your doctor may also treat it by closing up or shrinking the veins.

Sometimes, a blood clot forms deep inside your leg. If so, your calf may ache and feel warm. The skin may also look red. Obesity can put you at risk for DVT. So can pregnancy, smoking, and sitting for long amounts of time. If a clot in your leg breaks loose, it can travel to your lungs and cause severe issues, so if you notice any of these symptoms, contact your doctor right away.

Calf pain can be a sign that your calfmuscles aren’t getting enough blood. If you have a problem called claudication, your legs will hurt when you’re active, and your feet, thighs, hips, and bottom may also ache. Your doctor can run tests to see how well blood flows to your lower limbs. Some types of medicine can help ease symptoms and prevent other problems. Talk to your doctor about getting regular exercise to ease the pain.

The most common cause of this problem is spinal stenosis — a narrowing of spaces in your spine that puts pressure on nerves. You can have pain, tingling, or cramps in your legs, as well as your hips and bottom. It could get worse when you stand or walk, but will stop if you sit or lean forward. If you have neurogenic claudication, you may need surgery to ease the pressure on your nerves

Although it’s not common, germs sometimes get into your bones and cause an infection, known as osteomyelitis. When the infection is in a lower leg bone, you’ll notice redness, swelling, and warmth in your calf. You may also have a fever and fatigue. If lab and imaging tests confirm that you have a bone infection, you may need antibiotics for treatment. 

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5) Dr P. Marazzi / Science Source

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7) Brian Evans / Science Source

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10) Living Art Enterprises / Science Source

11) WebMD

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14) KATERYNA KON / Science Source

SOURCES:

Mayo Clinic: “Muscle Cramp,” “Achilles Tendinitis,” “Baker’s Cyst,” “Osteomyelitis,” “Deep Vein Thrombosis,” “Claudication,” “Broken Leg,” “Varicose Vein,” “Spinal stenosis. “

OrthoInfo/American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: “Compartment Syndrome.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Sciatica,” “Sciatica: Management and Treatment.”

NHS Trust/Oxford University Hospitals: “Calf Strain Advice: Information for Patients.”

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: “Peripheral Neuropathy.”

Columbia Neurological Surgery: “Neurogenic Claudication,” “Treatments for Neurogenic Claudication.”

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What to Do About Calf Pain: Causes and Treatment

Calf pain can result from muscle strain or cramps or occur due to another condition like sciatica. Treatment depends on the cause.

The calf is comprised of two muscles — the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles meet at the Achilles tendon, which attaches directly to the heel.

Calf pain varies from person to person, depending on the source of pain, and can vary in nature. For some people, calf pain feels like a dull, aching, or sharp pain in the back of the lower leg, sometimes with tightness.

Symptoms that might indicate a more severe condition include:

• swelling
• unusual coolness or pale color in the calf
• tingling or numbness in the calf and leg
• weakness in the leg that comes on suddenly
• fluid retention
• redness, warmth, and tenderness of the calf

You should visit a doctor if you have any of these symptoms in addition to calf pain.

Calf pain can result from several different causes and can be associated with other health conditions. While you can often treat calf pain at home, other instances may require immediate medical attention.

Here are some common conditions that can be associated with calf pain.

1. Muscle cramp

Muscle cramps are sudden, painful contractions of muscles. They can last for a few seconds or several minutes at a time.

Cramps can be caused by dehydration, exercise, injuries, and mineral deficiencies. They can also be associated with more serious conditions such as:

• hypothyroidism
• alcoholism
• diabetes
• pregnancy
• kidney failure

Up to 50% of pregnant people may experience muscle cramps, especially during the last three months before delivery.

About 37% of the United States population over 60 years of age may experience leg cramps at night, or nocturnal leg cramps. These cramps mostly affect the calf muscle and can be related to other conditions or to taking certain medications, including beta-blockers, diuretics, and statins.

2. Muscle strain

Muscle strains usually occur due to fatigue, overuse, or improper use of a muscle. For example, starting a new exercise regimen or increasing exercises involving the legs can strain your calf muscle. This may include exercises like:

• running
• biking
• powerlifting

You’ll usually feel a muscle strain as it occurs and notice the sudden onset of pain, soreness, and limited range of movement.

Mild to moderate strains can be successfully treated at home with ice, heat, and over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications like:

• ibuprofen (Advil)
• acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• naproxen (Aleve)

More severe strains or tears may require medical treatment.

3. Achilles tendonitis

Achilles tendonitis is caused by overuse, strain, or stress on the Achilles tendon, which connects the plantaris, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles in the back of the ankle. Common symptoms can include:

• inflammation of the tendon
• pain
• stiffness in the back of the leg

Simple home treatments can help. These may include:

• stretching
• reducing activity levels
• taking OTC pain medications

If home treatment doesn’t work or your pain worsens, it’s important to see a doctor.

4. Sciatica

Sciatica results from issues with the sciatic nerve. This nerve controls muscles in the lower leg and back of the knee. It can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the lower back. It can stretch down the leg to the calf and other muscles.

Treatment to lower pain levels may include:

• hot or cold packs
• OTC pain medication
• physical therapy
• avoiding prolonged sitting or standing

5. Bruise

A contusion, or bruise, is the result of trauma, like a fall or blow. The trauma causes capillaries beneath the skin to burst, which causes discoloration. Bruises typically heal on their own.

You should see a doctor if you have unexplained bruising or bruises that reappear in the same area without injury.

6. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a form of nerve damage that can affect the:

• feet
• legs
• arms
• hands

This condition is a common complication of diabetes. It can result from having high blood sugar for an extended period of time. This can result in nerve inflammation and damage. Genetic factors may also play a role.

It is important to see a doctor regularly if you have diabetes and symptoms of DPN. Gaining improved control over your blood glucose levels can lessen symptoms. A doctor may prescribe medications to help ease symptoms that disturb your sleep or daily activities.

7. Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the result of a blood clot forming in the deep vein in the arm or leg, including the calf. Multiple factors and conditions can cause DVT. These may include:

• personal or family history of DVT
• smoking
• being overweight / obesity
• pregnancy
• complications from other conditions

Symptoms of DVT can include:

• visible veins in the affected area
• swelling in the foot, ankle, or leg
• cramping
• leg pain or tenderness
• skin discoloration
• the vein gets firm or thickens
• the affected area of skin feeling warmer to the touch than the surrounding area
• the affected area turning pale, reddish, or bluish depending on skin tone

You should see a doctor immediately if you develop symptoms of DVT.

8. Compartment syndrome

Acute compartment syndrome is a serious condition that happens when too much pressure builds up within the muscles. Typically, this occurs after you’ve experienced a major injury to the area, like a fracture or broken bone. Anabolic steroid use or constricting bandages may also cause the syndrome. The pain associated with acute compartment syndrome may be more severe than the injury itself.

Symptoms of compartment syndrome can include:

• severe pain that doesn’t improve after rest or medication
• trouble moving the affected area
• severe tightness or fullness in the muscle
• numbness or paralysis, though these are later symptoms that may indicate permanent injury

If you have symptoms of acute compartment syndrome, visit an emergency room immediately.

People can also develop chronic compartment syndrome. This causes leg pain during exercise. The pain stops when the exercise is stopped. It can also cause:

• numbness
• difficulty moving the foot
• visible muscle bulging

Physical therapy may help relieve pain for people with chronic compartment syndrome. Surgery may also be an option if this does not provide relief.

Treatment methods for calf pain vary depending on the cause. For calf pain caused by overuse or mild-to-moderate trauma, a doctor may suggest the following:

• P.E.A.C.E. (protect, elevate, avoid anti-inflammatory modalities, compress, educate): Following the P.E.A.C.E. method early after an injury can help prevent further damage and support healing.
• OTC medications: Calf pain can also be soothed with over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil), acetaminophen (Tylenol), or naproxen (Aleve).
• Gentle movement: Light stretching may help ease calf pain. Common exercises may include:
  • calf raises
  • downward-facing dog
  • straight calf stretches

You should talk with a doctor if the pain becomes more severe or doesn’t subside within a few days.

For more serious injuries, a doctor might recommend physical therapy.

For calf pain caused by conditions like DVT, compartment syndrome, or DPN, you may need medical intervention. This may include surgery or medication.

Here are a few tips that can help prevent calf pain:

• Mobility work: Keeping your ankle and calf muscle mobile through exercises such as stretching or moving a joint through its full range of motion may help prevent calf pain.
• Rest: Resting from physical activity between workouts can help facilitate muscle repair and growth.
• Warm-up/cool-down: Incorporate a warm-up before working out and a cool-down after to loosen the muscles and prevent future injury.
• Proper shoes: Ensure that the shoes you wear during exercise provide enough SUPPORT, especially if you run or jog for exercise.
• Stay hydrated: Staying hydrated can help prevent calf pain. This is because dehydration directly contributes to muscle cramps.
• Gradually increase exercise: If you’re new to a specific exercise or you’re increasing the intensity of your workout, try to do it gradually. Increasing your activity level too abruptly can cause injury. You can find an exercise plan online or work with a trainer.

Calf pain can feel like a dull, aching, or sharp pain in the back of the lower leg. It may occur with tightness or swelling.

Some symptoms, like fluid retention, and hotness or coldness of the skin, may indicate a more severe condition.

If your symptoms are severe or do not resolve on their own within a few days, it’s best to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Calf pain | Symptoms. All about health. Health Clinic

The cause of pain in the lower leg can be both excessive physical activity, and various diseases and tissue damage. With a protracted pain syndrome, it is important to seek help from a specialist in order to prevent the development of serious consequences.

Types of pain in the lower leg

The shin is called the lower part of the leg, bounded by two joints: from below – the ankle, from above – the knee. During movement, a significant load is placed on the lower leg, often causing damage to bones, ligaments and muscles, as well as pain in this area.

The nature of the pain is determined by the type of tissue affected by inflammation and the severity of the pathological process. The pain syndrome caused by vein disease is characterized by bursting, pulling and breaking character. Muscle pain in myositis is quite intense, and increases with increasing physical activity. With arterial thrombosis, the pain syndrome occurs suddenly and is acute.

Causes

The appearance of pain in the lower leg can be due to a number of reasons:

• traumatic:

– injury;
– hematoma;
– damage to the Achilles tendon;
– bone fractures: tibia and fibula;
– stretching of the muscular-ligamentous apparatus;

– myositis of the leg muscles;
– tendinitis;
– deforming osteitis;

– periostitis: aseptic or purulent;
– hematogenous osteomyelitis;

– boils;
– carbuncles;
– phlegmon;

– obliterating endarteritis;
– obliterating atherosclerosis;
– Menckeberg’s arteriosclerosis;

– acute phlebitis;
– thrombophlebitis;
– lymphedema;

– Schlatter’s disease;
– Blown’s disease;
– arthrosis of the ankle joint;
– gonarthrosis;

– neuropathy of the nerves: femoral, peroneal, tibial, sciatic;

radicular syndrome.

Which doctor treats

If you experience pain in the lower leg, you need to make an appointment with a traumatologist-therapist. Based on the results of the examination, anamnesis and examination, this specialist will write a referral to a neurologist, orthopedist, phlebologist, vascular surgeon, etc.

Diagnostic methods

The complex of diagnostic studies includes:

• questioning and visual examination by a doctor to determine the time of onset and nature of pain;
• physical examination – assessment of the condition of the limb, detection of pathological changes;
• radiography of the lower leg – detection of fractures, periosseous growths, changes in bone structure, etc.;
• MRI and CT – localization of the pathological focus, determination of its configuration, size and structure, specification of the plan of conservative / surgical treatment;
• Ultrasound – assessment of the state of the vascular bed, identification of areas of obliteration, etc. ;
• electrophysiological studies – assessment of the state of nerves and muscles, determination of the level of damage to the nerve trunk;
• laboratory tests.

It is best to sign up for diagnostics in one of the multifunctional medical centers. So, for example, in the “Health Clinic” on Kurskaya, a patient will be able to undergo an examination using modern equipment (CT, MRI, ultrasound, ENMG), and then, without leaving the clinic, make an appointment with an experienced specialist who will prescribe him treatment.

Methods of treatment

In case of minor injuries and lesions of a non-traumatic nature, the victim is provided with rest and an elevated position of the lower limb. In case of fractures of the lower leg, the leg is fixed from the foot to the upper third of the thigh using splints or other materials. With minor pain, the victim is given an analgesic or local painkillers are used. Intense pain syndrome, accompanied by a violation of the general condition, requires the development of complex treatment. It includes:

• drug therapy;
• exercise therapy;
• physiotherapy;
• manual therapy;
• therapeutic massage.

In severe cases, as well as to improve the results and reduce the duration of treatment, the patient is prescribed surgery.

Results

The complex treatment of pain in the lower leg allows you to achieve the complete elimination of the pain syndrome and the causes of its occurrence. In turn, the lack of therapy leads to serious consequences.

Rehabilitation and lifestyle restoration

During the rehabilitation period, the patient is prescribed therapeutic exercises, acupuncture, physiotherapy and other methods.

Lifestyle with shin pain

In order to consolidate the result obtained during the treatment process and prevent the development of various complications, the patient is prescribed:

• regular foot massage to improve blood circulation;
• correction of the diet, the introduction of a large amount of vegetables and fruits;
• taking vitamin and mineral complexes;
• restriction of alcohol and coffee consumption;
• wearing comfortable shoes with low heels;
• periodic water procedures with cool and hot baths.

Compliance with all the recommendations will allow you to forget about the pain in the lower leg forever.

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How to diagnose the causes of pain in the lower leg

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The term “shin pain” refers to pain along the tibia, located in front of the lower leg. Calf pain is common among runners, dancers, and military personnel. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, medically known as medial tibial stress syndrome, often occurs in athletes who have recently intensified or changed their training regimen. Increased activity overloads muscles, tendons, and bone tissue. In most cases, calf pain can be treated with rest, ice exposure, and other self-help measures. Wearing the right shoes and changing your exercise routine can help prevent calf pain from recurring.

Calf pain symptoms

If there is pain in the calf, there may be tenderness, soreness, or pain along the inside of the calf bone and mild swelling of the calf. At first, the pain may stop when the patient stops exercising. However, over time it becomes permanent and develops into a stress reaction or stress fracture. See a podiatrist if rest, ice, and over-the-counter pain relievers don’t relieve your shin pain.

Causes of shin pain

Calf pain occurs due to repetitive stress on the calf bone and the connective tissues that attach the muscles to the bone. The main pathologies that provoke pain syndrome are:

• Rupture and muscle strain. Muscle strain occurs due to overstressing of muscle fibers. Severe deformities can lead to partial or complete rupture of muscles and cause severe pain.
• Tendonitis is inflammation of the tendon that connects skeletal muscle to bone. Inflammation of the tendons can make using the calf muscles painful. Like sprains, tendinitis is usually caused by overworking the tendons.

The risk of lower leg pain is increased if:

• running
• increase the duration, frequency or intensity of exercise
• run on uneven terrain, such as hills, or on hard surfaces, such as concrete
• undergo military training
• has flat feet or high arches.

Calf Pain Prevention

To prevent calf pain, do the following:

• analyze the movement. Formal video analysis of running technique can help identify movement patterns that may contribute to pain. In many cases, minor changes in running technique can reduce the risk
• Avoid excessive stress. Excessive running or other activities performed for too long and at high intensity can overload the lower legs
• choose the right shoes. If you run, change your shoes approximately every 560-800 km
• think arch supports. Arch supports can help prevent calf pain, especially with flat arches
• consider using shock-absorbing insoles. They can reduce pain symptoms and prevent recurrences
• Reduce the load. Engage in cross-training that has less impact on the calves, such as swimming, walking, or cycling. Remember to start new activities slowly. Gradually increase time and intensity
• add strength exercises to your workouts. Strengthening and stabilization exercises for the legs, ankles, hips, and core will help prepare your legs for high-impact sports.

Diagnosis of the cause of calf pain

Diagnosis of calf pain is usually based on the history and physical examination. In some cases, x-rays and MRIs of the ankle can help identify possible causes of pain, such as a stress fracture.

Author: Viktor Evgenievich Tolnikov

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist, Sports doctor Vredena

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