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Pain on top of ribs. Rib Cage Pain: 6 Common Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What are the main causes of rib cage pain. How can you differentiate between serious and minor rib pain. When should you seek medical attention for pain in your ribs. What treatments are available for different types of rib cage discomfort.

Understanding Rib Cage Pain: An Overview

Rib cage pain is a prevalent complaint that can stem from various factors, ranging from minor injuries to more severe medical conditions. The discomfort may manifest as sharp, sudden pain or a dull, persistent ache. While many cases of rib pain resolve on their own or with minimal intervention, some instances may indicate a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.

To properly diagnose the underlying cause of rib cage pain, healthcare professionals typically conduct a thorough physical examination and may order imaging scans. This comprehensive approach helps identify the root of the problem and determine the most appropriate course of treatment.

Injury: The Most Common Cause of Rib Cage Pain

Injuries to the chest area are the leading cause of rib cage pain. These injuries can occur due to various incidents, including falls, traffic accidents, and sports-related impacts. Common types of rib injuries include:

  • Broken ribs
  • Bruised ribs
  • Fractured ribs
  • Pulled muscles

How are rib injuries diagnosed? Typically, healthcare providers use X-rays to identify bone breaks and fractures. For soft tissue damage, MRIs and other advanced imaging techniques may be employed to provide a more detailed assessment of the affected area.

Treatment Options for Rib Injuries

The treatment for rib injuries varies depending on the severity and type of injury. In most cases, conservative management is recommended, which may include:

  1. Rest and limited movement of the affected area
  2. Ice therapy to reduce swelling and pain
  3. Over-the-counter pain medication
  4. Breathing exercises to prevent complications like pneumonia

For more severe injuries, such as multiple rib fractures, medical intervention may be necessary to ensure proper healing and prevent potential complications.

Costochondritis: Inflammation of the Rib Cartilage

Costochondritis, also known as Tietze’s syndrome, is another frequent cause of rib cage pain. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone (sternum), specifically in the area called the costosternal joint.

The pain associated with costochondritis can range from mild to severe, often presenting as tenderness and discomfort when touching the chest area. In more severe cases, the pain may radiate down the limbs or interfere with daily activities.

Identifying and Treating Costochondritis

How can you distinguish costochondritis from other causes of chest pain? Unlike heart-related chest pain, costochondritis typically worsens with movement or pressure on the chest wall. Additionally, the pain is usually localized to a specific area of the chest.

Treatment for costochondritis often includes:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation and pain
  • Application of heat or ice to the affected area
  • Gentle stretching exercises
  • In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be recommended

While some cases of costochondritis resolve without treatment, others may require medical intervention to manage symptoms effectively.

Pleurisy: Inflammation of the Lung Lining

Pleurisy, also referred to as pleuritis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the linings of the lungs and chest cavity. The pleura, thin tissues lining the chest wall and lungs, normally glide smoothly against each other during breathing. However, when inflammation occurs, this movement becomes painful, leading to significant discomfort.

What are the hallmark symptoms of pleurisy? The most notable symptom is a sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing, coughing, or laughing. This pain may also extend to the shoulder or back, depending on which area of the pleura is affected.

Causes and Treatment of Pleurisy

Pleurisy can be caused by various factors, including:

  • Viral or bacterial infections
  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Chest injuries
  • Certain medications

Treatment for pleurisy focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms. This may include:

  1. Antibiotics for bacterial infections
  2. Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and inflammation
  3. Cough suppressants to minimize chest movement
  4. In severe cases, drainage of excess fluid from the pleural space

With the advent of antibiotics, pleurisy has become less common and is often a mild condition that resolves on its own within a few days to two weeks.

Cancer: A Serious Cause of Rib Cage Pain

While less common than other causes, cancer can be a source of rib cage pain, particularly lung cancer. As the second most common cancer in the United States, lung cancer presents various symptoms, including chest or rib cage pain that intensifies with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing.

What other symptoms should raise concern for lung cancer? Additional warning signs include:

  • Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum
  • Persistent cough that worsens over time
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fatigue

The Importance of Early Detection

Early detection of lung cancer is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. How does early diagnosis impact survival rates? Patients diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer have a significantly better chance of successful treatment and long-term survival compared to those with advanced-stage disease.

It’s important to note that metastatic lung cancer, which begins in one area and spreads to the lungs, can also cause rib cage or chest pain. This condition is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Fibromyalgia: Chronic Widespread Pain

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain throughout the body, including the rib cage area. According to the American College of Rheumatology, fibromyalgia affects between 2-4 percent of people, with up to 90 percent of cases occurring in women.

How does fibromyalgia pain present in the rib cage? The pain associated with fibromyalgia can be described as burning, throbbing, stabbing, or aching. While it commonly affects the rib cage, fibromyalgia can cause pain in any part of the body.

Fibromyalgia and Chest Pain

Research suggests that non-specific chest pain, including rib cage pain, is the most common co-existing condition leading to hospital admission in people with fibromyalgia. This highlights the significant impact that fibromyalgia-related chest pain can have on an individual’s quality of life and healthcare utilization.

Treatment for fibromyalgia often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:

  • Pain management medications
  • Exercise and physical therapy
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Stress reduction techniques
  • Sleep hygiene improvements

Pulmonary Embolism: A Medical Emergency

A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when an artery in the lungs becomes blocked, often due to a blood clot that has traveled from elsewhere in the body, typically the legs. This condition can cause rib cage pain and is considered a medical emergency due to its potential to cause severe complications.

What are the warning signs of a pulmonary embolism? In addition to rib cage pain, symptoms of PE may include:

  • Sudden shortness of breath
  • Rapid breathing
  • Coughing, sometimes with blood
  • Anxiety or feeling of impending doom
  • Lightheadedness
  • Sweating
  • Irregular heartbeat

The Urgency of Pulmonary Embolism Treatment

Why is immediate treatment crucial for pulmonary embolism? According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, approximately 30 percent of people who develop PE will die if left untreated. However, prompt diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce complications and improve outcomes.

Treatment for pulmonary embolism typically involves:

  1. Anticoagulant medications to prevent further clot formation
  2. Thrombolytic therapy to dissolve existing clots in severe cases
  3. Supportive care, including oxygen therapy and pain management
  4. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary

Understanding the Anatomy of the Rib Cage

To better comprehend rib cage pain, it’s essential to understand the structure and function of this important part of the body. The rib cage consists of 24 ribs, with 12 on each side, forming a protective enclosure for vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

How are the ribs connected to the rest of the skeletal structure? The ribs are attached to the breastbone (sternum) at the front of the chest by cartilage, a firm yet flexible tissue. At the back, they connect to the spine, creating a sturdy framework that allows for breathing movements while safeguarding internal organs.

The Rib Cage’s Role in Protecting Vital Organs

Beyond the heart and lungs, what other organs does the rib cage protect? The lower portion of the rib cage also offers some protection to the liver on the right side and the spleen on the left. Just below the rib cage lie the gallbladder and kidneys, which benefit from the proximity of this bony structure.

Understanding the intricate anatomy of the rib cage helps explain why pain in this area can have such diverse causes and why accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

In conclusion, rib cage pain can arise from various sources, ranging from minor injuries to life-threatening conditions. While many cases resolve with conservative management, it’s essential to be aware of warning signs that may indicate a more serious underlying issue. If you experience persistent or severe rib cage pain, especially when accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s crucial to seek prompt medical attention for proper evaluation and treatment.

6 possible causes of rib cage pain

Rib cage pain is a common complaint that can result from many factors, ranging from a fractured rib to lung cancer. The pain may be sudden and sharp or dull and aching.


Many cases of rib cage pain are not linked to serious conditions and resolve on their own or with minimal treatment. Others, however, are medical emergencies requiring immediate intervention.

There are many possible causes of rib cage pain. A doctor will diagnose the underlying cause by a physical examination and imaging scans.

Common reasons for rib cage pain include:

1. Injury

Injury to the chest from falls, traffic collisions, and sports-related contact is the most common cause of rib cage pain. Types of injury include:

  • broken ribs
  • bruised ribs
  • fractured ribs
  • pulled muscle

Rib cage pain that begins following injury is typically diagnosed with an X-ray to highlight bone breaks and fractures. MRIs and other scans can detect soft tissue damage.

2. Costochondritis

Costochondritis or Tietze’s syndrome is another common cause of rib cage pain.

This condition is characterized by inflammation of the cartilage in the rib cage. It usually occurs in the cartilage that joins the upper ribs to the sternum, an area called the costosternal joint.

Rib cage pain due to costochondritis ranges from mild to severe. Symptoms include tenderness and pain when touching the chest area. Severe cases can lead to pain that radiates down the limbs, or pain that interferes with daily life.

Some cases of costochondritis resolve without treatment, while others require medical intervention.

3. Pleurisy

Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the linings of the lungs and chest.

The pleura are thin tissues that line the wall of the chest and the lungs. In their healthy state, they smoothly slide across one another. However, inflammation causes them to rub, leading to significant pain.

Since the advent of antibiotics, pleurisy is much less common than it was. Even when it does occur, it is often a mild condition that resolves on its own. Pleurisy usually lasts from a few days to 2 weeks.

Other inflammatory conditions of the lungs, such as bronchitis, may also cause pain around the rib cage.

4. Cancer

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the United States.

One of the symptoms of lung cancer is rib cage pain or chest pain that gets worse upon breathing deeply, coughing, or laughing. Other symptoms to look out for include coughing up blood or phlegm, shortness of breath, and wheezing.

The outlook for lung cancer is poorer than other forms of cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. People with early-stage lung cancer have a better chance of being cured, highlighting the importance of early intervention.

Metastatic lung cancer, or cancer that begins in one area and spreads to the lungs, is a life-threatening condition. It will also cause pain in the rib cage or chest.

5. Fibromyalgia

This is a chronic condition, causing pain throughout the body. Fibromyalgia is estimated by the American College of Rheumatology to affect between 2-4 percent of people, up to 90 percent of whom are women.

The pain associated with fibromyalgia may be burning, throbbing, stabbing, or aching. These pains are commonly felt in the rib cage, although any part of the body can be affected.

Some research suggests that non-specific chest pain, including rib cage pain, is the most common co-existing condition that leads to hospital admission in people with fibromyalgia.

6. Pulmonary embolism

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is when an artery going into the lungs becomes blocked. The blockage is often caused by a blood clot that has traveled up from one of the legs.

As well as rib cage pain, PE can cause the following symptoms:

  • shortness of breath
  • rapid breathing
  • coughing, including coughing up blood
  • anxiety
  • lightheadedness
  • sweating
  • irregular heartbeat

PE is a serious condition that can damage the lungs and other organs due to reduced oxygen in the blood. Anyone who experiences the symptoms of PE should see a doctor.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute estimate that 30 percent of people who develop PE will die if they do not receive treatment. Fortunately, a quick diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.

The rib cage consists of 24 ribs, 12 on either side, and it shields the organs of the chest, including the heart and the lungs, from damage.

The ribs are attached to the breastbone, which is the long bone that runs down the center of the chest. They are attached at the front, by cartilage, which is a firm yet flexible tissue. At the back, they are attached to the spine.

The liver is located at the lower end of the rib cage on the right and the spleen is on the left. Both are given some protection by the rib bones. The gallbladder and kidneys lie just below the rib cage.

If any of the components of the rib cage, including the bones or cartilage, or the organs nearby are affected by injury or illness, a person will have pain in or near the rib cage.

Rib cage pain may occur in the chest, below the ribs, or above the naval. As there are several different causes of rib cage pain, the symptoms can vary. As a result, the pain may be:

  • sharp
  • dull
  • aching
  • sudden
  • slow to develop
  • constant
  • intermittent
  • worse when breathing in or moving

Other symptoms affecting the rib cage can include:

  • bruising
  • tenderness
  • difficulty breathing

Rib cage pain can be attributed to many underlying injuries or medical conditions. A person should always consult a doctor in any case of unexplained rib cage pain.

If the pain or pressure in the chest is severe and breathing becomes difficult, a person should seek emergency medical treatment, as these symptoms could indicate a heart attack.

Pictures, symptoms, causes, and treatments

The ribs can become bruised or broken after a traumatic injury to the chest. Generally, treatment for broken and bruised ribs involves relieving pain.

The ribs are flexible bones that make up the rib cage. These bones protect important organs in the chest, including the heart, lungs, and spleen.

It is essential to have a doctor assess any rib injury to ensure that it is not severe and has not damaged internal organs.

Share on PinterestA person with a bruised rib may have pain at the site of the injury and trouble breathing.
Image credit: amyselleck

Symptoms of a bruised rib include:

  • trouble breathing
  • pain at the site of the injury
  • pain with movements like breathing or coughing
  • muscle spasms around the rib cage
  • irregular appearance of the rib cage
  • feeling or hearing a crack at the time of the injury, if a rib has broken

The skin at the site of the injury may bruise as a result of ruptured blood vessels. When these vessels rupture, blood can pool in surrounding tissues.

However, the bones may bruise without any visible injury or bruising on the skin.

The most common cause of a bruised rib is trauma to the chest.

This trauma can result from falls, sports injuries, motor vehicle accidents, crush injuries, or assaults, for example. People with osteoporosis can fracture a rib by having a violent coughing episode.

Trauma to the ribs or chest can also cause soft tissue injuries involving the muscles and cartilage. For example, forceful twisting or coughing can strain or pull the intercostal muscles, which allow for the flexibility of the rib cage.

Also, pregnant women can be more susceptible to rib fracture and injury, particularly in the third trimester, due to the growing uterus.

Share on PinterestTo help diagnose a bruised rib, a doctor may perform a physical examination to assess the area.

To diagnose a bruised rib or rib fracture, a doctor will take detailed notes about the injury and the aftermath, including the person’s symptoms.

They will also perform a physical examination to assess the site of the injury and listen to the heart and lungs. Evaluating a person’s breathing is essential.

The doctor may perform a chest X-ray with emphasis on rib detail to see if a rib bone is broken. However, bruising does not always show up on X-rays.

A person might undergo other tests to differentiate a fracture from a muscle or soft tissue injury.

Doctors do not treat bruised or broken ribs in the same manner as a broken arm or leg because rib bones cannot be cast or splinted.

Doctors typically leave bruised or broken ribs to heal on their own. However, in special circumstances, such as when there are multiple fractures or breaks in the rib cage, doctors recommend surgical intervention.

Otherwise, the primary goal of treatment for a bruised or broken rib is pain relief.

If the pain is severe, a person may not be able to breathe as deeply, which can cause a buildup of mucus in the lungs.

Ways to treat bruised and fractured ribs at home include:

  • applying an ice pack wrapped in a cloth to help reduce inflammation
  • taking over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
  • resting
  • avoiding any activity that can make the pain worse

A person can try gently stretching the muscles in the shoulders and chest wall, but it is important to avoid movements that make the pain worse.

Usually, rib injuries heal on their own. Bruised and broken ribs heal in a similar way and typically get better within 3–6 weeks. If a person is not feeling better in a few weeks, they should contact their doctor, who may request more testing.

Chest wall injuries, including bruised or broken ribs, are a common cause of chest pain in children. These injuries often result from car accidents, blows, or falls, such as on bicycle handlebars.

To promote healing from a bruised or broken rib, encourage the child to rest, use cold and hot packs, give pain relievers as directed, and suggest gentle stretching.

Contact the doctor if the child has a fever, trouble breathing, abdominal pain, or dizziness or lightheadedness.

Share on PinterestIf symptoms of a fever or a worsening cough are present, a person should talk to a doctor.

Consult a healthcare provider if these symptoms are present:

  • shortness of breath
  • worsening pain in the chest or abdomen in the days or weeks after the injury
  • a fever
  • a new or worsening cough

Any of these symptoms could indicate a potentially severe condition.

Also, see a doctor if there is no general improvement after a few weeks.

A bruised rib usually results from an injury such as a fall or a blow to the chest, which may happen while playing sports, for example. Rib fractures occur in the same way.

Bruised ribs are often painful, but over-the-counter pain relievers and ice packs can help.

The bruising may take several weeks to heal. If symptoms have not improved within a few weeks, contact the doctor, who may request further testing. A bruised or broken rib can sometimes affect lung health.

Pain in the region of the ribs. What can pain in the ribs indicate?

Rib pain is treated by different specialists (traumatologist, neurologist, orthopedist, etc.), but successful results are achieved only with a holistic approach based on consideration of the disorders that have arisen in conjunction with other body systems.

Causes of pain in the ribs

The most common causes of pain syndrome are:

  • traumatic injuries of the chest, when the integrity of the tissues of one or more ribs is violated;
  • Tietze’s syndrome, which is characterized by inflammation of the cartilage of the ribs, manifested by sudden sharp pain;
  • intercostal neuralgia, in which pain occurs due to pinching of nerve endings by muscles and increases with a change in position, as well as with inhalation and exhalation;
  • osteochondrosis, manifested by chronic aching pains, and pain intensifies during sudden movements and after hypothermia;
  • intervertebral hernia of the thoracic spine, which can be suspected by acute stabbing pains that occur in the form of “lumbago” and radiate to the neck and arm;
  • Fibromyalgia – pain in this condition is caused by damage to the intercostal muscles, noted on both sides of the chest, aggravated by weather changes, the patient also notes stiffness of the chest after waking up.

Inflammatory diseases of the pleura, neoplasms, and cardiovascular diseases also lead to pain in the ribs. Pain syndrome of a psychogenic nature is less commonly diagnosed.

Features of diagnosis and treatment

When complaining of rib pain, the posturologist assesses the following using functional diagnostic methods:

  • the tone of the muscular corset of the back and chest;
  • the symmetry of the chest, the volume of its movements;
  • condition of the ligamentous apparatus and fascia;
  • condition of the surrounding bone and muscle structures.

The Center for Clinical Posturology does not treat the pain syndrome itself, but eliminates the entire chain of disorders that led to pain. The work of a specialist begins with the search for the underlying root cause of pathological changes, identifying the structure, the dysfunction of which led to the appearance of pain in the ribs and restriction of chest mobility.

Complex therapy includes modern methods of physical rehabilitation, health-improving gymnastics, reflexology, massage techniques and manual therapy, physiotherapy. To restore the normal functioning of the chest, it is necessary to create and consolidate the conditions under which this will occur without the help of analgesics. Using gentle techniques, the doctor eliminates pathological tension and blocks that support dysfunction and “force” the muscles to work unevenly. The work is carried out both in the pain zone and in remote regions, which is associated with the need for correction at all levels of the postural system.

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What diseases cause pain in the right hypochondrium

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Each of us at least once faced with a rather banal symptom, pain under the ribs. The editors of Meds.ru decided to find out in what cases there are painful sensations of this nature.

Pain under the ribs on the right side indicates pathological processes, injuries or diseases of the internal organs located under the diaphragm behind the two lower ribs on the right. Pain in this place is common, because there are vital organs, nerve endings, blood vessels. The liver and gallbladder, part of the colon and duodenum, the tail of the pancreas, one kidney and adrenal gland, loops of the thin esophagus are “concentrated” here.

Types and differences

Acute and chronic forms are divided according to the degree of intensity. The nature of the pain indicates the “culprit” of its occurrence. Specialists share several types:

  • aching pain in the right hypochondrium;
  • acute;
  • baker;
  • blunt;
  • stabbing;
  • night;
  • compressive;
  • pulsating;
  • arching;
  • pulling.

Unpleasant sensations appear suddenly or gradually due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Severe intense pain requires immediate medical attention. In any case, if undesirable symptoms appear, it is better for the patient to contact a gastroenterologist or therapist.

Causes of pain in the right hypochondrium

Main causes of pain are diseases of the biliary tract and liver pathologies. Major pathological conditions:

  • hepatitis of various origins;
  • cirrhosis;
  • tumor, malignant or benign;
  • helminthiasis;
  • fatty degeneration;
  • liver failure;
  • poisoning with toxins;
  • cholelithiasis;
  • lack of circulation due to cardiovascular diseases;
  • colitis and intestinal infections;
  • cholecystitis;
  • kidney disease;
  • rib fractures;
  • intercostal neuralgia;
  • appendicitis;
  • peptic ulcer;
  • pancreatitis.

After that, pain appears in the right hypochondrium

Certain factors influence the development of painful sensations. Other symptoms appear that indicate a malfunction in the body – heaviness in the stomach, nausea, weakness, upset stools, impaired appetite, fever.

After eating, the production and promotion of bile along the biliary tract is accelerated, blood flow to the liver increases, and peristalsis increases. Therefore, food, especially fatty and plentiful, provokes the appearance of pain. The nature of pain sensations differs in the sources that caused it.

After significant physical activity, the body also malfunctions. Strong overload, especially after eating, will lead to intercostal pain. Stress is another cause of pain.
During pregnancy, mainly in the third trimester, pain on the right side is not uncommon. This is due to the stagnation of bile and the expansion of the biliary tract. Taking hormonal contraceptives sometimes provokes unpleasant stabbing pains at the end of the menstrual cycle.

What to do

Pain in the right side requires a visit to a doctor. You can not self-medicate, because serious problems are hidden behind different types of pain. Taking painkillers worsens the patient’s condition, is the culprit of internal bleeding. If you experience discomfort on the right side, you need to call a doctor or
self-refer to the hospital for diagnosis.

It is important to determine the source of painful manifestations. To do this, an ultrasound examination is performed, clinical blood and urine tests are taken, and, if necessary, an x-ray of a given area is performed. If required, a consultation with a surgeon, cardiologist, endocrinologist, neuropathologist is appointed. After the diagnosis is made, therapy is carried out by a specialized specialist. Treatment is most often carried out with the help of drugs. Cholecystitis requires surgery. Effective dietary nutrition, avoidance of spicy, fatty and spicy foods. The attending physician will prescribe the necessary drugs and talk about the principles of proper nutrition, depending on the identified disease.

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