What are the common causes of skin discoloration. How can you identify different types of skin patches. When should you seek medical attention for discolored skin.

Common Causes of Skin Discoloration

Skin discoloration is a widespread concern that can manifest in various ways, affecting people of all ages and skin types. The appearance of patches that differ from one’s normal skin tone can be attributed to several factors, including:

• Changes in melanin production
• Genetic predispositions
• Environmental influences
• Underlying health conditions
• Skin injuries or trauma

Understanding the root cause of skin discoloration is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action, whether it’s seeking medical treatment or simply monitoring the condition.

Birthmarks: Natural Skin Variations from Birth

Birthmarks are congenital skin markings that appear at birth or shortly thereafter. They can be classified into two main categories:

Vascular Birthmarks

Vascular birthmarks result from abnormal blood vessel formation in the skin. They typically appear red or pink and include:

• Strawberry nevus (hemangioma)
• Salmon patch (nevus simplex)
• Port wine stain

Are vascular birthmarks a cause for concern. While most vascular birthmarks are harmless and may fade over time, some, like port wine stains, might require treatment for cosmetic reasons or if they interfere with bodily functions.

Pigmented Birthmarks

Pigmented birthmarks occur due to an overproduction of melanin in specific areas of the skin. Common types include:

• Mongolian blue spots
• Moles
• Café-au-lait spots

Can pigmented birthmarks change over time. Yes, some pigmented birthmarks, like Mongolian blue spots, may fade as a child grows. However, it’s important to monitor moles for any changes in size, shape, or color, as these could indicate potential skin cancer.

Skin Pigmentation Disorders: When Melanin Production Goes Awry

Skin pigmentation disorders occur when the body produces too much or too little melanin, resulting in uneven skin coloration. Some common pigmentation disorders include:

Melasma

Melasma is characterized by brown patches on the face, particularly the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It’s more common in women and can be triggered by:

• Sun exposure
• Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, birth control pills)
• Certain medications

How can melasma be managed. Treatment options for melasma include topical creams containing hydroquinone, kojic acid, or retinoids, as well as chemical peels and laser therapy. Sun protection is crucial in preventing and managing melasma.

Vitiligo

Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition that causes the skin to lose its pigment-producing cells, resulting in white patches. It can affect any part of the body and may also impact hair color. While the exact cause is unknown, factors that may contribute to vitiligo include:

• Genetic predisposition
• Autoimmune disorders
• Environmental triggers

What treatment options are available for vitiligo. Treatment approaches for vitiligo may include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and in some cases, surgical procedures like skin grafting. Cosmetic camouflage techniques can also help conceal affected areas.

Skin Rashes: Temporary Discoloration and Irritation

Skin rashes can cause temporary discoloration and are often accompanied by other symptoms such as itching, swelling, or texture changes. Common skin rashes that may lead to discoloration include:

Rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the face, causing redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes bumps or pus-filled lesions. Factors that may trigger or exacerbate rosacea include:

• Sun exposure
• Stress
• Certain foods and beverages
• Hot or cold temperatures

How is rosacea managed. Treatment for rosacea typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, topical medications, and in some cases, oral antibiotics or laser therapy to reduce redness and visible blood vessels.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes the rapid buildup of skin cells, resulting in scaly, itchy, and sometimes painful patches. These patches can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the:

• Scalp
• Elbows
• Knees
• Lower back

What are the treatment options for psoriasis. Psoriasis treatment may include topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, retinoids, and light therapy. In severe cases, systemic medications or biologics may be prescribed to manage symptoms and prevent disease progression.

Skin Infections: When Microorganisms Cause Discoloration

Certain skin infections can lead to changes in skin color, either by directly affecting pigment-producing cells or through the body’s inflammatory response. One such infection is:

Tinea Versicolor

Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection that causes small, discolored patches on the skin. These patches may be lighter or darker than the surrounding skin and can appear:

• Pink, tan, or brown on light skin
• Lighter than the surrounding skin on dark skin

The infection is caused by an overgrowth of yeast that naturally lives on the skin’s surface. Factors that can contribute to this overgrowth include:

• Warm, humid environments
• Excessive sweating
• Oily skin
• Hormonal changes
• Weakened immune system

How is tinea versicolor treated. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which can be applied topically or taken orally. Over-the-counter options include selenium sulfide shampoos and antifungal creams. For more persistent cases, prescription-strength medications may be necessary.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Skin Discoloration

While many cases of skin discoloration are harmless, there are instances when professional medical evaluation is necessary. Consider seeking medical attention if:

• The discolored patch is rapidly changing in size, shape, or color
• The affected area is accompanied by pain, itching, or bleeding
• You notice new moles or changes in existing moles
• The discoloration is widespread or affects a large portion of your body
• You experience other symptoms along with skin discoloration, such as fatigue or unexplained weight loss
• The discoloration is causing significant emotional distress or affecting your quality of life

A dermatologist can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options based on the specific cause of your skin discoloration.

Diagnostic Approaches for Skin Discoloration

When evaluating skin discoloration, healthcare professionals may employ various diagnostic techniques to determine the underlying cause. These may include:

Visual Examination

A thorough visual inspection of the affected area is often the first step in diagnosing skin discoloration. The healthcare provider will assess:

• The size, shape, and color of the discolored patches
• The distribution of affected areas on the body
• Any accompanying symptoms or skin changes

Dermatoscopy

Dermatoscopy involves using a special magnifying device called a dermatoscope to examine the skin more closely. This technique can help identify:

• Subtle changes in pigmentation
• Patterns of blood vessels
• Early signs of skin cancer

Skin Biopsy

In some cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis or rule out certain conditions. This procedure involves:

1. Removing a small sample of affected skin
2. Examining the sample under a microscope
3. Analyzing the tissue for abnormalities or signs of specific conditions

How is a skin biopsy performed. A skin biopsy is typically performed using local anesthesia and may involve one of several techniques, such as shave biopsy, punch biopsy, or excisional biopsy, depending on the size and location of the affected area.

Treatment Options for Skin Discoloration

The treatment of skin discoloration varies depending on the underlying cause. Some common approaches include:

Topical Treatments

Topical medications are often the first line of treatment for many skin discoloration issues. These may include:

• Hydroquinone creams for hyperpigmentation
• Corticosteroids for inflammatory conditions
• Retinoids for improving skin cell turnover
• Antifungal creams for fungal infections

Oral Medications

In some cases, oral medications may be prescribed to address skin discoloration, particularly when it’s caused by systemic conditions or infections. These may include:

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antifungal medications for widespread fungal infections
• Immunosuppressants for autoimmune conditions like vitiligo

Light and Laser Therapies

Various light and laser treatments can be effective in managing certain types of skin discoloration. These include:

• Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy for sun damage and hyperpigmentation
• Excimer laser for vitiligo
• Fractional laser resurfacing for overall skin tone improvement

Are light and laser therapies suitable for all skin types. While these treatments can be effective, it’s important to consult with a dermatologist to determine the most appropriate option for your specific skin type and condition, as some therapies may carry a higher risk of side effects for certain individuals.

Preventing Skin Discoloration

While not all cases of skin discoloration can be prevented, there are steps you can take to minimize your risk and maintain overall skin health:

Sun Protection

Proper sun protection is crucial in preventing many types of skin discoloration. This includes:

• Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 daily
• Wearing protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats and long-sleeved shirts
• Seeking shade during peak sun hours (typically 10 am to 4 pm)
• Avoiding tanning beds and excessive sun exposure

Skincare Routine

Maintaining a consistent skincare routine can help keep your skin healthy and potentially prevent certain types of discoloration. Key steps include:

• Gentle cleansing to remove dirt, oil, and makeup
• Regular exfoliation to promote cell turnover (but avoid over-exfoliating, which can irritate the skin)
• Moisturizing to keep the skin hydrated and maintain its barrier function
• Using products with antioxidants to protect against environmental damage

Lifestyle Factors

Certain lifestyle choices can impact skin health and potentially contribute to discoloration. Consider the following recommendations:

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or exercise
• Avoid smoking, which can contribute to premature skin aging and discoloration
• Be mindful of medications that may increase skin sensitivity to sun exposure

By incorporating these preventive measures into your daily routine, you can help maintain healthy, evenly-toned skin and reduce the risk of developing certain types of skin discoloration.

Pictures, causes, and when to see a doctor

Changes in skin pigmentation can happen for many reasons, including birthmarks, pigmentation disorders, rashes, and infections. An increase in melanin, for example, can cause brown or dark patches to appear.

Skin contains melanin, which is the pigment that gives the skin its color. Having more melanin makes the skin darker, while less of it results in lighter skin. Melanin is also responsible for hair and eye color.

Patches of discolored skin are noticeable because they differ from a person’s normal skin tone. They may be lighter, darker, or a different color, such as red, gray, or blue.

It is important that people with this symptom understand the cause of their discolored skin patches in case treatment is necessary.

This article explores the various causes of discolored skin patches and explains which of them require treatment.

Discolored skin patches have many different causes, including:

• birthmarks
• skin pigmentation disorders
• skin rashes
• skin infections
• skin cancers
• medical conditions

We look at each one of these in more detail below.

Birthmarks

Birthmarks are patches of discoloration that people have when they are born. Some types of birthmark fade over time, while others may be permanent.

Birthmarks are either vascular or pigmented. Vascular birthmarks are red, and they occur due to abnormal blood vessels in the skin.

Types of vascular birthmark include:

• Strawberry nevus. Also called a hemangioma, this is a common type of vascular birthmark. It appears as a red patch and is most common on the face, scalp, chest, and back. A strawberry nevus does not usually require treatment.
• Salmon patch. Also called a nevus simplex, this flat red or pink patch of skin typically occurs on the neck or forehead. Up to 40 percent of all babies are born with this type of birthmark.
• Port wine stain. This is a noticeable flat red or purple birthmark. Some port wine stains may require treatment, which might include laser treatment or cosmetic camouflage.

Pigmented birthmarks are generally white, brown, blue, or gray. They result from a problem with the melanin in the skin.

Types of pigmented birthmark include:

• Mongolian blue spots. These are blue or gray patches that may be present on the back and buttocks at birth. Babies with darker skin are more likely to have these birthmarks. Mongolian blue spots often fade as the child grows.
• Moles. These are black or brown spots that are usually harmless. However, it is best to see a doctor if a mole changes shape, size, or texture.
• Café-au-lait spot. These appear as light brown skin patches on light skin or black coffee-colored patches on dark skin. Café-au-lait spots are often oval-shaped and may fade as the child grows.

Skin pigmentation disorders

If a person has lighter or darker skin patches, this may signify a skin pigmentation disorder. Type of skin pigmentation disorder include:

Melasma. This is a common skin condition that usually affects facial skin and causes brown patches. It affects women more often than men. Triggers of melasma can include sun exposure and hormonal changes.

Vitiligo. This disease can affect any part of the body. It causes the cells that produce melanin, known as melanocytes, to stop working correctly, which results in patches of lighter skin. Sometimes, it will also change a person’s hair color. The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown, but a problem with the immune system may be responsible.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. This is a temporary increase or decrease in skin pigment following skin trauma, such as a blister or burn.

Albinism. People with albinism do not produce enough melanin. This leads to little or no pigment in the skin, hair, or eyes. Albinism is a genetic disorder, meaning that a person inherits a faulty gene from one or both of their parents.

Skin rashes

Some types of skin rash can also cause patches of discolored skin. These include:

• Rosacea. This is a chronic skin condition that can cause raised patches of red skin and pus-filled lesions. It typically affects the forehead, cheeks, and nose.
• Psoriasis. This is a skin condition that causes silvery-red, crusty, flaky patches of skin, which can appear anywhere on the body. Doctors believe that psoriasis may result from a problem with the immune system.
• Contact dermatitis. This rash happens when the skin reacts to an irritant or allergen.
• Eczema. Also known as atopic dermatitis, this condition can cause patches of red skin that is also itchy, dry, and cracked. These patches may sometimes ooze and then form a crust. The cause of eczema is unclear, but it can run in families and is more common in people who have asthma, hay fever, and other allergies.

Skin infections

Certain skin infections may also cause discoloration, such as:

• Tinea versicolor. This is a fungal skin infection that can cause patches of skin to become lighter or darker. These patches usually develop slowly and can sometimes merge to form larger patches. Tinea versicolor tends to affect the trunk, neck, and upper arms.
• Ringworm. Also known as tinea, this is a fungal skin infection that causes red or silver ring-shaped patches of skin. These patches may be scaly, dry, or itchy. Ringworm can appear on most parts of the body, including the scalp, groin, feet, hands, and nails.
• Candidiasis of the skin. This is a fungal skin infection that causes red, itchy skin patches. It often occurs in areas where the skin folds, such as the armpits and groin.

Skin cancers

In rare cases, skin cancer can cause patches of discoloration. Types of skin cancer include:

• Actinic keratosis. These are dry, scaly, pre-cancerous skin patches. Without treatment, they may progress to squamous cell carcinoma.
• Basal cell carcinoma. These are flesh-colored, pearl-like, pink skin patches or bumps. Basal cell carcinomas are the most common form of skin cancer.
• Squamous cell carcinoma. These are red bumps, sores, or scaly patches, which may heal and then re-open. Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common type of skin cancer.
• Melanoma. This cancer may develop in existing moles or appear as new dark spots. Melanomas are the most severe form of skin cancer, and early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial.

Medical conditions

Certain medical conditions, including the following, may cause discolored patches of skin:

• Cyanosis. Insufficient oxygen in the blood can cause the skin and lips to appear blue or purple. Cyanosis that occurs suddenly could be a sign of a problem with the heart, lungs, or airways. This is a medical emergency, and a person should seek immediate medical attention.
• Lupus. This is a complex autoimmune condition that may cause a butterfly-shaped rash on the cheeks.

Undiagnosed or untreated diabetes can also cause changes in the skin, such as:

• yellow, reddish, or brown patches of skin
• dark, velvety patches of skin
• thick, hard patches of skin
• blisters
• shin spots

Other causes

If discolored skin patches appear suddenly and then disappear, there may be a simple explanation.

Causes of temporary patches or blotches of red skin include:

• blushing
• exercising
• sunburn

Causes of temporary patches of pale skin include:

• dehydration
• nausea
• low blood sugar
• cold weather conditions

If a new patch of discolored skin appears and does not go away, it is best to see a doctor. It is also important to seek medical attention if a mole changes size, shape, or texture.

To diagnose discolored patches of skin, a doctor may ask the individual about:

• pre-existing medical conditions
• when and how quickly the discolored patch of skin appeared
• whether the discolored patch of skin has changed since it first appeared
• any related symptoms

The doctor may examine the affected skin under a lamp. They may also need to carry out further tests, such as blood tests and a skin biopsy. The skin biopsy will involve the doctor taking a small sample of skin and examining it under a microscope.

The treatment for discolored skin depends on the cause.

If a person has an underlying health condition, the doctor will recommend the best course of treatment for that condition. Treating the underlying condition often resolves any associated skin problems.

If the underlying cause is skin cancer, it is vital that the person has treatment as soon as possible.

Birthmarks and skin pigmentation disorders do not usually require treatment. However, some people may wish to have treatment for cosmetic reasons. Treatment options include laser treatment, chemical peels, and topical creams.

Lemon juice or castor oil may also help to reduce the appearance of discolored skin patches. Alternatively, people can use makeup to camouflage the affected skin.

It is not possible to prevent all causes of discolored patches of skin.

However, sun protection may reduce the risk of melasma, sunburn, and skin cancer. People can protect themselves from the sun by:

• using sunscreen
• staying out of the midday sun
• covering up with loose clothing

There are many possible causes of discolored skin patches. Some causes, such as birthmarks, are not harmful and may not require treatment. Others, such as skin cancer and cyanosis, are likely to require immediate treatment.

It is essential to see a doctor if any new discolored patches of skin appear or if existing moles change in any way. This helps to make early diagnosis and treatment possible, which often leads to a better outlook.

Skin Discoloration: Causes, Pictures, and Treatment

Skin discoloration refers to any change in your natural skin tone. Causes of skin discoloration can include birthmarks, infection, skin pigmentation disorders, and skin cancer, among others.

Skin discoloration is a broad term that describes any change in your skin that differs from your natural skin tone. These areas of discolored skin can range in color and may be:

• red
• pink
• purple
• tan
• brown
• black
• blue

While there are many harmless causes of skin discoloration, such as birthmarks, some cases of discolored skin may develop from an underlying medical condition that requires diagnosis and treatment.

Discolored skin patches may also commonly develop on certain body parts due to a difference in melanin levels. Melanin is the substance that provides color to the skin and protects it from the sun. When there’s an overproduction of melanin, it can cause differences in skin tone.

Another possibility is skin cancer, which must be addressed with a dermatologist right away.

In this article, we cover several possible causes of skin discoloration along with pictures so you can discuss any concerns you have with your doctor.

There are many potential causes of skin discoloration, ranging from minor problems to more serious medical conditions. These may include:

• birthmarks, which are discolored skin spots that may be present at, or shortly after, birth
• pigmentation disorders, such as melasma, albinism and vitiligo
• medical conditions, such as rosacea, psoriasis, and Graves‘ disease
• infections from harmful bacteria, viruses, or fungi
• allergies, which may lead to hives or eczema rashes
• skin cancer, which develops from damaged skin cells that become malignant (cancerous)
• other causes, such as burns and medication side effects

Let’s look at these potential causes of skin discoloration in more detail.

Birthmarks

Birthmarks are discolored skin spots that can develop at birth or soon after birth. They are typically harmless and don’t require treatment unless they become bothersome or painful.

Some common types of birthmarks include:

• Moles. Moles can appear on the skin at birth. They can range in color from tan, brown, or black, to red, purple, and blue. Some moles may even be the same color as your skin. Most moles aren’t a cause for concern, but any changes in the size or shape of a mole can signal trouble and should be checked by a healthcare professional.
• Dermal melanocytosis (formerly Mongolian blue spots). Bluish patches that can appear on the backs of babies and young children, usually in those of Asian descent. These blue spots are harmless and often fade over time.
• Port-wine marks. Port-wine marks are flat patches that appear pink or red on lighter skin tones, dark-purple or violet-red on darker skin tones. They are caused by swollen blood vessels under the skin.
• Salmon patches. Salmon, red, or pink-colored patches that may develop on a baby’s face or neck. This birthmark tends to go away on its own by ages 1 to 3.
• Strawberry nevus (hemangioma). A red birthmark that’s common in young children and infants. This birthmark usually fades by age 10.
• Deep hemangioma. This type of birthmark also tends to disappear by age 10. It appears as a purple- or blue-tinted lump under the skin that may require treatment if it’s painful or if it breaks open and bleeds.
• Hypopigmented macule. A spot of skin that’s lighter than the rest of your body and tends to go away over time.
• Café au lait spots. Spots of skin that are much darker than the rest of the body. Unlike a hypopigmented macule, this type of birthmark remains for life.

Pigmentation disorders

Pigmentation disorders can cause changes in your skin that are either lighter (hypopigmentation) or darker (hyperpigmentation) than your natural skin tone. While usually harmless, more extensive pigmentation changes may lead someone to get aesthetic treatments.

Common pigmentation disorders include:

• Vitiligo. This chronic (long-term) condition causes large patches of hypopigmentation on your skin. While vitiligo can develop at any age, it typically begins before age 20.
• Albinism. Albinism is an inherited condition that leads to the development of extremely light skin, eyes, and hair due to a lack of melanin.
• Melasma. Nicknamed “the mask of pregnancy” due to the involvement of progesterone and estrogen, melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation that causes darker spots of skin on the face and abdomen. It usually fades and gets lighter once you stop taking birth control pills or after pregnancy. Certain amounts of sun exposure can cause it to return.
• Age or “liver“ spots (lentigo). These are common hyperpigmentation spots caused by sun damage. Age spots can develop anywhere on the body, but they tend to affect sun-exposed areas, such as your hands, chest, and face.

Medical conditions

The immune system normally works to keep the body healthy by fighting off harmful agents that can cause infection and disease.

In people with autoimmune diseases, however, the immune system confuses healthy cells for something foreign and attacks them by mistake. This triggers inflammation throughout the body, resulting in various symptoms, including swelling and redness.

Some autoimmune diseases and other medical conditions that may lead to symptoms of skin discoloration include:

• Psoriasis. Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by itchy patches of red to silvery scales that are caused by an increase in skin cell turnover.
• Rosacea. This condition may cause skin flushing and redness. Some types of rosacea may also cause acne pustules, ocular (eye) symptoms, and thickened skin.
• Lupus. Lupus can affect the skin as well as other areas in your body, including your joints and major organs.
• Stasis ulcer. A type of leg ulcer that often coincides with varicose veins and venous insufficiency, leading to redness, swelling, and pain.
• Graves’ disease. A type of thyroid disease that causes your body to produce too many thyroid hormones. Related skin symptoms may include areas of rough, thickened, red skin.
• Addison’s disease. This adrenal insufficiency condition may cause areas of hyperpigmentation in the skin. You may also be at an increased risk of developing vitiligo.
• Scleroderma. Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disorder that may cause patches of thick, discolored skin, as well as problems with connective tissues.

Infections

Various infections can cause changes in skin color in the affected area.

Infections that may lead to discolored skin include:

• Bacterial infections. Cuts, scrapes, and other wounds may become infected when bacteria enter, resulting in changes in the texture of your skin. The surrounding area may also turn red or white, and the wound itself may have discharge. Topical or oral antibiotics may be prescribed for these types of skin infections.
• Fungal infections. Fungal infections, such as ringworm, tinea versicolor, and candida, can also trigger discolored skin patches on various parts of the body. Topical or oral fungal treatments may be used for these conditions.
• Viral infections. Viral infections, such as shingles, cold sores, and warts, may lead to red, purple, or brown bumps or sores. Antiviral treatments may be used for certain types of infections.

Rashes and allergies

Allergic reactions to foods, plants, or irritants can also result in discolored skin patches in various areas of the body. These changes may appear as rashes or raised bumps that itch or burn and can occur in the following:

• Eczema (atopic dermatitis). Like certain autoimmune diseases, eczema triggers an immune reaction that attacks the skin. The condition can cause scaly patches and red bumps that ooze or crust over.
• Contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is another type of allergic skin rash that can develop when you come into contact with fragrances, skin care products, metals, or clothing that irritates your skin. Contact dermatitis rashes are often itchy and sometimes even painful.
• Hives (urticaria). These raised, itchy bumps on the skin are the result of inflammation from your body releasing histamine (a compound involved in immune responses) in response to an allergen. While usually acute, some cases of hives can be chronic, lasting for months or even years.

Skin cancer

Cancer can change the skin’s color or texture. Skin cancer may occur when the genetic material in skin cells becomes damaged, often from long-term sun damage or exposure to chemicals. The damage may cause the cells to grow out of control and form a mass of cancer cells.

There are several types of skin cancer, all of which require treatment:

• Actinic keratosis. A precancerous skin condition characterized by scaly, crusty spots on the hands, arms, or face. These spots are typically brown, gray, or pink. The affected area may itch or burn.
• Basal cell carcinoma. The most common form of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma affects the top layer of skin. It most often appears in sun-exposed areas. In the early stages, it produces lesions that bleed. The associated bumps may be discolored, shiny and pearly, or scar-like. They can look like open sores and often have slightly higher edges with an indentation in the middle.
• Squamous cell carcinoma. A type of skin cancer that begins in the squamous cells. These cells make up the outermost layer of skin. This condition causes scaly, red patches and raised sores, which are also often seen on sun-exposed areas of the skin.
• Melanoma. This is the least common but most serious form of skin cancer. Melanoma begins as an atypical mole. Cancerous moles are often asymmetrical, multicolored, and large. They can appear anywhere on the body, but they usually first appear on the chest or back in people assigned male at birth and on the legs in people assigned female at birth.

Most discolored skin patches aren’t caused by skin cancer. However, you should ask a healthcare professional to examine any misshapen moles or other rapidly changing skin lesions.

Other causes of skin discoloration

Other conditions and medical treatments that can cause skin discoloration include:

• Bleeding into the skin. This happens when blood vessels burst due to injury, bruising, or an allergic reaction.
• Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that can cause the skin to blister, itch, and peel.
• Spider veins. Damaged veins that can appear as clusters of red, blue, or purple lines underneath your skin, particularly in your legs.
• Hormonal changes. Hormonal changes may cause the development of melasma hyperpigmentation.
• Thermal injuries. Skin discoloration can occur after healing from burns such as those associated with frosbite, sunburn, fire, and electrical injuries.
• Toxic exposures. Chronic application or ingestion of silver compounds (argyria) and heavy metals can lead to deposition of metallic compounds in the skin and/or stimulate excess melanin production.
• Medication side effects. Drug-induced hyperpigmentation may occur in some people taking antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other drugs.

You should schedule an appointment with a doctor if you:

• have any lasting changes in your skin color
• notice a new mole or growth on your skin
• have an existing mole or growth that changed in size or appearance
• have any other concerning symptoms, such as pain, inflammation, or discharge

At your appointment, your doctor will first take a look at areas of skin discoloration and ask you about any changes you’ve noticed. They will also ask about other symptoms you may be experiencing.

Depending on your doctor’s findings during the physical exam, they may order further diagnostic testing to determine the cause of skin discoloration. While the exact tests may vary with each potential cause of discolored skin, the options may include:

• blood tests to check for conditions that may cause changes in skin color
• a Wood’s lamp examination to identify possible fungal or bacterial infections
• a skin biopsy to examine a small sample of the affected skin under a microscope for the presence of abnormal cells

Treatment for discolored skin patches depends on the underlying cause. If a healthcare professional finds an underlying health condition, they will attempt to treat that particular condition first.

Any active infection must be treated with the appropriate class of drugs. For example, antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, while antifungal medications treat fungal infections.

If you choose to seek treatment for cosmetic reasons, a dermatologist may recommend over-the-counter or prescription topical treatments to reduce signs of skin discoloration. Professional treatments, such as chemical peels or microdermabrasion, may also be used to help reduce hyperpigmentation, but these aren’t usually covered by insurance.

It’s important to ask your doctor before trying any topical treatments or home remedies that supposedly treat skin discoloration. You should always get a correct diagnosis first.

While many cases of skin discoloration are harmless, any unusual changes in your skin can be concerning. Some causes of discolored skin patches are fairly minor conditions that only need simple treatments. Other causes may be more severe and require ongoing treatment.

It’s important to speak with a doctor about any skin changes that are unusual or bothersome, especially if you notice sudden symptoms or rapid changes in your skin. These could be an indication of a more serious condition.

Your doctor will diagnose the cause of your discolored skin and recommend treatments as appropriate. If skin discoloration is linked to an underlying medical condition, keep in mind that skin symptoms may not go away until the medical condition is first addressed.

Red spots on the body | causes of spots on the skin, treatment, diagnosis and prevention

Red spots on the body can appear in any person, regardless of age and gender. They can appear at any time of the year, but more often occur during the off-season, when the body is more vulnerable to various diseases. The appearance of red spots can vary depending on their cause, which can be associated with both skin diseases and systemic pathologies. If you find red spots on your body, you should consult a doctor for qualified assistance.

Contents:

• What are plaques and spots on the skin
• Symptoms
• Types of red spots
• Causes of spots
• Which doctor to contact
• Diagnostics
• Treatment
• Prophylaxis

What are plaques and spots on the skin

Spots and plaques on the skin are pathological formations that can have a different size and shape. Plaques are usually more than 1 cm in diameter, have slightly raised edges and a regular shape, while patches are changes in skin color that do not have pronounced borders and can be of different sizes.

The size of the formations may vary depending on their cause. For example, in psoriasis vulgaris, plaques can be more than 10 cm in diameter, while in small-plaque parapsoriasis, they usually do not exceed 2-3 cm. malignant tumors. Therefore, if you develop such formations, you should contact a dermatologist or other doctor who specializes in skin diseases for qualified help.

Make an appointment with a dermatologist

Symptoms of spots and plaques on the skin

Symptoms that accompany the appearance of plaques and spots on the body may vary depending on the cause of their occurrence. Some lesions may be almost invisible and cause no sensation, while others may cause significant discomfort such as itching, burning, peeling, pain or swelling.

For example, in chronic liver diseases, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation or diarrhea can join the spots. Viral infections, which may be associated with skin blemishes, may cause common symptoms of SARS, such as fever, weakness, nasal congestion, and cough.

If you find spots or plaques on your skin and experience discomfort, be sure to see a doctor. He will diagnose and determine the cause of their occurrence, and then prescribe the appropriate treatment that will get rid of the symptoms and avoid possible complications.

Types of red spots

People of all ages, including infants, may develop red spots on the skin. Such rashes can have a different shape, size and shade, depending on their cause. Even minor rubella should not be ignored, because they can indicate serious problems.

In general, red lesions can be divided into the following categories:

• flat or raised;
• wet or dry;
• swollen or inflamed;
• fuzzy contours or sharp shapes;
• smooth or rough;
• itchy or unexplained;
• purple or reddish.

Red spots on the body: causes of appearance

Vegetative reactions

Sometimes situations arise in the body that lead to the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. This can occur during times of strong psycho-emotional stress, such as fear, anger, or excitement. As a result of this, blood circulation is activated, there is an excessive expansion of capillaries and an increase in blood flow, which can lead to the appearance of red spots several centimeters in diameter, which can merge. In addition, such reactions may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

• palpitations;
• trembling in hands;
• increased sweating.

These spots usually disappear on their own after a while.

Allergic reactions

Most often, red spots on the skin are one of the most common external manifestations of allergies. Such rashes can have a different size and shape, and are also accompanied by swelling and itching. In addition, allergic reactions can cause general malaise such as weakness and chills. In young children, such rashes are most common.

Blemishes may occur as a result of certain foods or medicines or cosmetics. Sometimes rashes can be caused by cold temperatures, which is called a cold allergy.

Nervous system and blood vessels

The state of the nervous system plays a huge role in the health of the body, and can lead to the development of many diseases, including lupus, diabetes, heart and vascular diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. In many cases, patients develop red patches on their skin before the onset of the disease. The reasons for the appearance of such spots can be different.

In most cases, this is due to a genetic predisposition that is inherited. However, it is also possible for red spots to appear with mild vulnerability, lethargy, irritability, anger, or other negative emotional states that can stimulate the nervous system and lead to patchy skin.

Treatment for these conditions is always individual, but usually includes antihistamines and immunomodulators, as well as anti-inflammatory tinctures and moisturizers. Phototherapy can also give good results.

To improve the state of the nervous system and blood vessels, you should try to be as less nervous as possible, rest more often, avoid stress and eat right. Strengthening the immune system also plays an important role. For the prevention and improvement of health, it is recommended to relax on the sea coast. If you have red spots, be sure to consult a doctor so as not to miss a serious illness.

Insects

Insects – animals that have a huge variety of species and live in all corners of the planet. In addition to their beneficial role in the ecosystem, some species may pose a danger to humans.

One of the most common bug-related ailments is stings, which often cause itching, redness, and swelling. Red spots on the skin after being bitten by midges and mosquitoes are quite common. However, if the area of ​​the skin at the site of the bite changes its shape, swelling appears, and an allergic reaction occurs, this may indicate a bite from wasps, bumblebees and hornets, which can be dangerous to human health.

Some people may be severely allergic to insect stings, which can lead to anaphylactic shock and other serious illnesses. Therefore, in the event of the appearance of such symptoms, it is necessary to immediately seek help from a specialist in order to avoid possible complications.

Infectious diseases and viruses

The symptoms of infectious diseases are often associated with the presence of various microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi.

Among the diseases that can cause a spotted rash are the following.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a disease that can lead to serious health consequences. It is caused by an infection that can lead to pustular lesions, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and other unpleasant symptoms. In rare cases, it can even damage internal organs and the brain.

One of the most common symptoms of chickenpox is red patches on the skin. They are usually small and appear all over the body. Then small bubbles up to 5 mm in diameter appear on them, which after 2-3 days become covered with a dry crust. On the skin, both spots and vesicles can be observed at the same time. This is a very unpleasant and dangerous symptom that must be observed carefully. If you suspect chickenpox, see your doctor to get the treatment you need and avoid complications.

Measles

An acute infectious disease that can cause epidemics. Patients often have a high fever and red spots.

Measles most commonly affects children. However, adults suffer this disease much harder, as it can be accompanied by a rise in temperature up to 40 degrees.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by group A streptococcus that can have serious health consequences. One of the first symptoms of this disease is the appearance of a sore throat, after which small spots appear on the skin, no more than a few millimeters in size. They are usually located in the abdomen or groin, and the skin may appear red and inflamed.

Rubella

An infectious disease that usually appears as small red spots on the skin. These rashes can appear all over the body, but the greatest accumulation is noted on the back, face and neck. They usually disappear after a few days if the patient receives the right treatment.

Rubella is most common in children and is accompanied by additional symptoms that help to make a correct diagnosis. One of the main risk factors for rubella infection is contact with an infectious patient. Then comes the incubation period, when the patient may not feel any symptoms and feel good. However, this does not mean that it is not contagious to others, so precautions must be taken to avoid spreading the disease. If you suspect rubella, see your doctor to get the treatment you need and avoid complications.

When infections develop at an early stage, ARI-like symptoms usually appear, such as runny nose, cough, sore throat and headache. Then, with high body temperature and intoxication, rashes appear. At the initial stages, the rashes are patchy in nature, which over time acquires a specific appearance, such as maculopapular, polymorphic, or punctate, and can be located throughout the body.

With measles, the rash appears in stages – first behind the ears, then spread to the face, trunk, arms and legs. In the case of chickenpox, the rash goes through several stages of development – from a spot to a papule, then a vesicle, a crust and a scar. At all stages, the rash causes intense itching.

Scarlet fever, in addition to rashes, is accompanied by tonsillitis – an acute infectious disease that leads to inflammation of the pharynx and surrounding tissues. And with rubella, a subfebrile increase in body temperature and an increase in the occipital lymph nodes are often observed. If you notice similar symptoms in yourself or in a child, be sure to consult a doctor for qualified medical care and to prevent possible complications.

Bacteria

If a red spot appears on your body, this may indicate the presence of a disease caused by bacteria. These diseases include streptoderma and scarlet fever. Symptoms may include a scratchy and dry throat, chills, fever, nausea, headaches, decreased activity, and drowsiness.

It is not necessary to be in a hospital to treat an illness. An important step is to stay in bed for a few weeks. Treatment includes the use of special antibiotics and solutions based on furacilin or chamomile to get rid of problems with the mucous membrane of the larynx.

Streptoderma is caused by streptococcal microflora, which is transmitted through contact with an infected person. Rashes on the body are rounded and up to four centimeters in diameter with a delicate, pinkish tint. They often appear in the face or neck, but can spread throughout the body.

Immunostimulants and vitamins are used to treat the disease. It is important to refrain from contact with various fluids on the skin during illness. Showers and water procedures are postponed until complete recovery. As an additional treatment, herbal decoctions can be used to rub the affected areas of the skin.

Lichen

Lichen is a group of diseases that can show up on the skin in a variety of lesions ranging from bright plaques to less visible spots. There are several types of lichen, the causative agents of which can be different, such as fungi, viruses or allergens.

Pityriasis rosea

Also known as Gibert’s disease, it is an allergic skin disease that causes patchy and scaly rashes. Red spots appear on the skin, which can combine into larger ones. Also, the disease may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, weakness, muscle and joint pain.

There are no special methods for diagnosing pityriasis rosea. However, for differential diagnosis with fungal diseases, the doctor may prescribe a skin scraping study.

Most cases of rosacea clear up on their own within 1-2 months.

Ringworm

Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a disease caused by various dermatophyte fungi that presents as scaly, round or irregular lesions. In these foci, the hair is sparse, broken off, and the degree of inflammation may vary.

Ringworm is a highly contagious disease spread from person to person through close contact such as hugging, kissing, sharing towels and bedding. Also, pets can be a source of infection.

This condition usually does not go away on its own and antifungal drugs are prescribed to treat it. In addition, it is recommended to limit exposure to water, as fungi can spread through the body along with water and cause new lesions.

Lichen planus

It is a chronic autoimmune disease that is manifested by the appearance of purple plaques on the skin and mucous membranes. The development of this disease is caused by a complex of factors, including genetic predisposition, chronic viral infections (such as hepatitis B or C), anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, exposure to certain chemicals and poisons.

The rashes of lichen planus are often itchy and can cause considerable discomfort. The disease can also lead to deformation of the nails, which acquire deep furrows, and the nail plates become dark in color and cracked in structure.

Treatment for lichen planus includes antihistamines, steroid ointments and creams, and skin moisturizers. In the case of a severe course of the disease, systemic treatment may be required, for example, glucocorticosteroids or antimalarial drugs.

Although there may be cases of self-resolving of the disease, after a few years the disease may return.

Pityriasis versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor, also called versicolor, is a chronic fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia. While these fungi are found on everyone’s skin, some people may be genetically predisposed to abnormal yeast growth, resulting in characteristic skin rashes.

Pityriasis versicolor eruptions may be slightly scaly and sometimes coalesce to form a large lesion the size of a palm or larger. Most often they appear on the back, back of the neck, in the armpits, on the chest and shoulders.

For effective treatment of multi-colored lichen, special antifungal agents are used.

Shingles

Known as shingles, this type of herpes is a viral infection that causes a painful rash on one side of the body. Although anyone who has had chickenpox can be infected with the virus, the immune system usually fights it off successfully, making herpes zoster a rare disease. Statistics show that it occurs in only about 10 out of 10,000 people over 60, or 3 out of 10,000 people in all age groups.

Improper diet

Improper diet can cause red spots on the skin. Excess consumption of fried, smoked, salty, spicy and sweet can provoke various skin problems, including rashes. To reduce symptoms, it is necessary to exclude suspicious foods from the diet.

The next step is to monitor the condition of the skin for a few days after changing the diet. If the breakouts start to disappear, then the wrong diet was the cause, and an important step to treating them is to limit the consumption of such foods in the future.

Diathesis

Allergic diathesis is a common problem faced by parents in the first months of their child’s life. The skin on the child’s cheeks is covered with red, shining spots, which can be covered with a thin crust and peel off. This causes pain and itching, and the child becomes restless. There are also crusts on the head, prickly heat and diaper rash.

Provoking factors are allergic reactions to dust, pollen, or pet hair, as well as toxicosis in late pregnancy, a large number of medications that a woman took during pregnancy, and malnutrition of a future or nursing mother, intake of products that provoke allergies. Despite the ideal care of the child, diathesis can still manifest itself and be hereditary. The mechanism of the origin of diathesis is not fully understood by modern medicine.

Vegetovascular dystonia (VVD)

Vegetative vascular dystonia is a condition that is associated with an imbalance of biochemical processes and internal physical cycles in the body. Patients suffering from VVD often experience the following symptoms: fatigue, psychological discomfort, heart rhythm disturbances, red spots, blood pressure drops, dizziness and headaches.

Red spots appear after nervousness and are a characteristic feature of VVD. This symptom most often affects women, and spots may not go away for a long time.

VSD treatment is complex and includes general health measures, reflexology and psychotherapy. Psychoregulation is considered the most effective method of dealing with this disease. However, one method is not enough to eliminate red spots on the skin and improve the general condition of the patient.

Hyperhidrosis

Red round spots on the skin may be due to hyperhidrosis – a functional disorder of sweating, in which excess sweat is released. This can lead to redness in the armpits and other affected areas of the skin.

Fungal mycosis

A serious disease caused by a fungal infection that may present as red, dry plaques on the skin. These growths, which protrude above the surface of the skin, have clear boundaries and a rounded shape that can resemble eczema.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common dermatological disease of an autoimmune nature. It is characterized by small pale red nodular spots with a smooth glossy surface, which are soon covered with silvery-white scales. As a result, they grow and merge into plaques of various sizes.

Eczema

Eczema, also known as lichen lichen, initially presents as light red rashes that can be itchy. Then weeping bubbles may appear on the skin, resembling dew drops, which quickly burst, leaving punctate erosions. Later, in place of the bubbles, crusts and severe peeling form.

Erythema

Erythema is reddening of skin areas due to expansion of the capillary network and activation of blood circulation, usually in response to emotional excitement or physical overload. After cosmetic procedures, such as massage or masks, red spots may appear, which quickly pass and do not require treatment.

However, the appearance of persistent erythema of the face, characterized by spots that look like bruises or bruises, requires attention and consultation with a dermatologist. Persistent erythema can lead to complications such as rosacea, so it’s important to get professional help.

When and which doctor to contact if plaques or spots appear on the skin

If the skin has a rash, discoloration, soreness or itching, you should consult a general practitioner or immediately make an appointment with a specialist in the treatment of skin problems – a dermatologist.

Make an appointment with a dermatologist

Plaques and red spots are just one of the many symptoms of skin diseases or other pathologies that should see a dermatologist.

The following are possible reasons to consult a dermatologist:

• A mole has changed its color, size or shape;
• Acne problems that persist or get worse;
• Appearance of incomprehensible rash;
• Nail problems such as ingrown nails or inflammation;
• Hair began to fall out.

Diagnosis

If the skin shows a red spot that persists for several days or has an unusual shape/appearance, a dermatologist should be consulted. This will help to identify the causes of rashes and exclude serious pathologies. The following symptoms should be cause for concern:

• Itching or burning.
• Peeling of the skin.
• Increased size or number of spots.
• Soreness on pressure.
• Swelling and weeping.
• The beginning of the inflammatory process.

To determine the nature of the formations and determine their characteristics, the doctor conducts an examination using a dermatoscope. An important role is played by the collection of anamnesis, the clarification of symptoms and the identification of concomitant diseases. After the examination, the doctor prescribes a number of additional tests, including:

• Complete blood count.
• Urinalysis.
• Microscopic examination of skin scrapings.
• Ultrasound of internal organs.
• ECG, etc.

If necessary, the patient can be assigned a consultation of various specialists, including a general practitioner, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist and others. Such a comprehensive examination will identify concomitant diseases and determine which of them may be associated with the appearance of red spots on the skin.

Diagnosis of various skin rashes is an important step in identifying possible diseases, since they can have similar symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude the presence of other pathologies and allergic reactions in order to accurately determine the diagnosis.

The doctor can detect the presence of certain pathologies already at the first appointment, based on the symptoms and appearance of skin rashes. For example:

1. Red rashes that look like mosquito bites but are not itchy or painful may be the result of stress or anxiety. In rare cases, this may be a manifestation of an allergy or pink lichen Zhibera.
2. Spots that are accompanied by soreness or itching may indicate the presence of autoimmune diseases, urticaria or psoriasis.
3. A rash that looks like burns may be a manifestation of atopic dermatitis and may be accompanied by itching, especially at night.
4. Red sores or plaques located along the hairline may be a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis.
5. Small spots all over the body may indicate the presence of measles, chickenpox or lichen. These symptoms can also be found in some coronavirus patients.
6. Red rough spots on the skin of the hands may indicate a lack of certain vitamins and minerals in the body. In most cases, this can be corrected by changing the diet.

Methods of treatment

The treatment of red spots on the skin depends on many factors, such as the patient’s state of health, the presence of pathologies and symptoms. This process uses an integrated approach that includes drug therapy, local therapy and physiotherapy. Rarely, radical treatment such as electrocoagulation, laser removal, or cryosurgery may be required.

An important aspect of treatment is the correction of the diet and the exclusion of interaction with allergens. However, the use of traditional medicine is not recommended, as they can worsen the patient’s condition and lead to a chronic process.

Drug therapy may include various groups of drugs, such as antihistamines, antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids, tranquilizers, diuretics, enterosorbents and B vitamins. However, it must be remembered that the choice of drug and its dosage should be prescribed by a qualified specialist.

Finally, radical methods of treatment are used only in cases where conservative treatment has not brought the desired result or cosmetic defects remain after the therapy. Therefore, it is important not to self-medicate and consult a doctor for any changes in the skin.

Prevention

Prevention of red spots on the skin depends on the cause of the pathology. To reduce the likelihood of rashes, it is recommended to exclude contact with stray animals, avoid potential allergens in food, and regularly undergo preventive examinations with doctors. This will help to identify any disorders in the immune system at an early stage and prevent possible diseases of the internal organs.

Additional preventive measures may include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, eating healthy foods and moderate alcohol consumption. It is also necessary to avoid excessive exposure to the skin, such as high friction and high temperatures, which can cause irritation and red spots. If you have a predisposition to allergic reactions, it is recommended to wear clothing made from natural materials and avoid highly scented foods.

Conclusion

It is important to consult a dermatologist if the red spots on the skin begin to change their size, cause itching and flaking. Any skin rashes are an alarming factor, so do not self-medicate.

A specialist can help identify the cause of red spots on the skin, which can be caused by various diseases of the internal organs, allergic reactions or hormonal imbalances. Seeing a doctor early will help you avoid complications and choose the right treatment for a quick recovery.

Author of the article:

Tikhonova Olga Anatolyevna
dermatovenereologist

Make an appointment

Plaques on the skin – causes, what diseases it occurs in, diagnosis and methods of treatment

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  November 16

  Plaques on the skin: the causes of occurrence, in what diseases they occur, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

  Definition
  
  A plaque is a pathological element with clear edges that rises above the skin surface or merges with it, more than 5 mm in size.

  In dermatology, many types of plaques are distinguished – about 70 diseases occur with the formation of these elements, which makes the plaque one of the most common rashes.

  Plaque varieties
  
  The shape of the plaques are round, oval and irregular in shape. Over time, the shape, surface and appearance of this element may change.

  Due to the occurrence of plaques, they can be both a manifestation of skin diseases and a symptom of diseases of internal organs and systems (autoimmune reactions, liver diseases, oncological processes, allergic reactions).

  Plaques are dry, smooth, red, brown, gray-white, etc.

  Possible causes of plaques

  Dry plaques on the skin in adults can be a manifestation of the following diseases:

  1. Fungal infection of the skin, accompanied by plaques with severe itching.
  2. Allergic reactions are characterized by the appearance on the skin of smooth dry plaques, pink spots, blisters, which are very itchy and cause severe discomfort. They can develop both when the skin comes into contact with the allergen, and when it gets on the mucous membranes (for example, with urticaria, hay fever, food and contact allergies).
  3. Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious skin disease in which scaly dry plaques form on the elbows, knees, scalp, prone to fusion and accompanied by mild itching.
  4. Dry plaques form on the skin if it is exposed to stress for a long time with the loss of its protective functions.
  5. Diseases of the digestive tract, accompanied by malabsorption syndrome (impaired absorption of vitamins and trace elements in the small intestine), chronic diseases of the liver and other organs, in which substances that are not normally present in the dermis accumulate, also lead to the appearance of dry plaques.
  6. Solar keratoma is a precancerous condition, which is characterized by the presence of many light grayish plaques on the skin.

  The appearance of red plaques on the skin indicates their good blood supply. Possible causes of this condition may be the following nosologies:

  1. Drug toxidermia is an allergic reaction accompanied by the appearance of elements in the form of plaques on the skin. In severe cases, Lyell’s syndrome or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, may develop.
  2. Dühring’s dermatitis (herpetiformis) is a chronic skin disease without established etiology, which is characterized by recurrent appearance of a rash of various morphologies on the skin, accompanied by severe skin itching and burning.
  3. Mycosis fungoides is a primary T-cell lymphoma of the skin, a malignant lymphoid lesion, primarily of the skin. Itchy red plaques appear on the skin, resembling eczema. In the initial stages, they respond well to treatment with hormonal ointments, but the disease itself requires more complex therapy.
  4. In children, the appearance of red spots and plaques on the skin is most often associated with an allergic reaction to food.

  Brown plaques occur when melanin is deposited in the affected area of ​​the dermis, which causes a brown (dark) color. Possible causes may be the following diseases:

  1. Becker’s nevus – an anomaly in the development of the dermis, when dark plaques with an uneven surface appear on the skin, on which hair can begin to grow over time.
  2. Pigmentary nevus – “birthmark”, may rise above the skin, has a brown or dark color.
  3. Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor characterized by rapid metastasis. It develops mainly from nevi and moles. If the nature of the surface, the boundaries of the mole change, its size increases, bleeding occurs, you should immediately contact a dermatologist or oncologist to exclude the development of melanoma.
  4. Basal cell skin cancer is more often localized on the head, face, neck, does not metastasize, is characterized by slow growth.
  5. Senile keratoma occurs in elderly people, most likely due to a lack of vitamins, an abundance of animal fats consumed, skin sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation due to a violation of its protective functions. Typical localization – face, neck, open areas of the body.
  6. Seborrheic keratoma is a yellowish plaque on the skin that eventually transforms into a dark brown growth that tends to flake off, itch severely, crack, bleed, and can serve as an entryway for infection.

  Which doctors to contact

  With the formation of plaques on the skin, it is necessary to contact a dermatologist to determine the causes of the appearance of this element of the rash.

  Diagnosis and testing for plaques
  
  For the diagnosis of fungal skin lesions, scraping from the affected area is used for subsequent microscopic examination.

  The development of an allergic reaction requires seeking medical help to identify the allergen, prescribing antihistamines, and sometimes hormonal drugs. In clinical cases of allergy, along with skin tests, analyzes are performed using various sets of common allergens and triggers: a panel for respiratory allergens, for food allergens, and for a combination of both.

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  In case of psoriasis, a visit to a dermatologist and rheumatologist will help to reduce the severity of the manifestations of the disease, if appropriate therapy is prescribed. For the diagnosis, it is usually sufficient to examine, determine, the skin manifestations of psoriasis are so characteristic, but if necessary, a differential diagnosis is carried out, including a clinical blood test, feces for the presence of worm eggs and protozoa, and a histological examination of the skin.

  Clinical blood test: general analysis, leukoformula, ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes)

  Synonyms: Complete blood count, UAC. Full blood count, FBC, Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count (CBC with diff), Hemogram.
  Brief description of the study CBC: general a…

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  Fecal analysis for helminth eggs (helminth eggs)

  There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc. ).
  We recommend that you check the details…

  Up to 1 business day

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  Fecal analysis for protozoa (PRO stool)

  There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc.).
  We recommend that you check the details…

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  Histological examination of biopsy material and material obtained during surgical interventions (endoscopic material; tissues of the female reproductive system; skin, soft tissues; hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue; bone and cartilage tissue)

  Taking biomaterial is paid separately.

  According to the requirements of clause 17 of the Rules for conducting pathological and anatomical studies, approved. Order of the Ministry of Health Ro…

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  Diseases of the stomach and intestines can also lead to the appearance of plaques on the skin. To identify the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is enough to refer to
  therapist or
  gastroenterologist, conduct
  a number of endoscopic examinations (gastroscopy, and, if necessary, colonoscopy), ultrasound of the abdominal organs, perform some screening blood tests for diseases of the liver, intestines, stomach.

  Gastroscopy

  Examination of the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract with the possibility of performing a biopsy or endoscopic removal of small pathological. ..

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  Colonoscopy

  Endoscopic examination of the large intestine to look for abnormalities, biopsy and remove small polyps and tumors.

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  Comprehensive ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen)

  Scanning of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity to assess its functional state and the presence of pathology.

  RUB 3,090

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  Liver function tests: screening

  Up to 1 business day

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  RUB 1,935

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  Diagnosis of celiac disease: intolerance to cereal proteins (gluten)

  Up to 8 working days

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  7 520 RUB

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  Gastropanel

  Up to 10 business days

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  To clarify the diagnosis of keratoma, a skin biopsy is performed and an epithelium scraping is performed, followed by microscopic and histochemical examination.

  Histological examination of biopsy material and material obtained during surgical interventions (endoscopic material; tissues of the female reproductive system; skin, soft tissues; hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue; bone and cartilage tissue)

  Taking biomaterial is paid separately.

  According to the requirements of clause 17 of the Rules for conducting pathological and anatomical studies, approved. Order of the Ministry of Health Ro…

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  Examination of scrapings and impressions of tumors and tumor-like formations

  Material for research. Imprints and scrapings are obtained from pathological lesions of the skin and mucous membranes (except for the cervix and cervical canal). Relative to test…

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  RUB 1,030

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  If atypical cells are detected in scrapings or biopsies, immediately contact
  oncologist.

  If xanthomas appear on the skin, it is recommended to consult a cardiologist, take blood tests for lipid profile and blood glucose levels, and screen for diabetes mellitus.

  Lipid profile screening

  Up to 1 business day

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  Glucose (in the blood) (Glucose)

  Research material

  Serum or blood plasma. If it is not possible to centrifuge the sample 30 minutes after collection for serum/plasma separation…

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  Diabetes management: advanced

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  What should I do if plaque appears on the skin?
  
  Any newly appeared neoplasms should be shown to a dermatologist. Their cosmetic removal without prior consultation with a specialist is fraught with serious consequences.

  In addition, there are symptoms that require immediate medical attention:

  • change in the shape of the plaque – the edges have become uneven;
  • change in the surface of the plaque – cracks, ulcerations appeared;
  • change in the size of the plaque – it began to grow rapidly above the surface of the skin or actively spread over it;
  • discoloration of the plaque – in cases of malignancy, an uneven color of the formation is usually observed with areas of darker and lighter shades;
  • the appearance of bleeding – both contact and spontaneous;
  • enlargement of regional (nearby) lymph nodes.

  Plaque treatment
  
  When plaques of an allergic nature appear on the skin, antihistamines are prescribed, in cases of a severe course of the disease, glucocorticosteroids. In addition, it is important to follow a hypoallergenic diet.

  Mycotic plaques require antifungal drugs, both local (ointments, creams) and systemic (tablets). Taking these drugs is associated with a high risk of side effects, and therefore it is possible only after consulting a doctor, accurate verification of the diagnosis and confirmation of the etiology of the disease.

  Treatment of psoriasis is multi-stage and complex, it involves constant monitoring by a rheumatologist, taking cytostatics and other drugs, using ointments and shampoos to improve skin condition, using antihistamines to reduce itching, including physiotherapy and a hypoallergenic diet in the treatment regimen.

  When confirming the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, properly selected therapy can stop the appearance of new plaques on the skin, as well as prevent the development of complications of the underlying disease.

  Sources:

  1. Clinical guidelines. Dermatitis herpetiformis // Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists. 2016.
  2. Clinical guidelines. Urticaria in children // Union of Pediatricians of Russia; Russian Association of Allergists and Clinical Immunologists. 2018.
  3. Clinical guidelines. Toxidermia // Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists. 2016.
  4. Clinical guidelines. Familial hypercholesterolemia // National Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis. 2018.

  IMPORTANT!

  The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
  For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

  Recommendations

  • Hypervitaminosis A

    120

    June 18

  • Narrow basin

    30824

    12 June

  • Increased thirst

    209

    May 18

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