What are the different types of COVID-19 tests available. How do diagnostic tests differ from antibody tests. When should you get tested for COVID-19. Do current tests detect virus variants. How can you order a COVID-19 test.

Types of COVID-19 Tests: Diagnostic vs. Antibody

COVID-19 testing plays a crucial role in managing the pandemic and protecting public health. There are two main categories of tests: diagnostic tests and antibody tests. Each serves a distinct purpose in identifying and understanding coronavirus infections.

Diagnostic Tests: Detecting Active Infections

Diagnostic tests are designed to identify active COVID-19 infections. These tests are essential for individuals who are experiencing symptoms or have been exposed to the virus. There are two primary types of diagnostic tests:

• Molecular tests (including PCR tests)
• Antigen tests

Both types of diagnostic tests typically involve collecting samples through nasal or throat swabs, or by collecting saliva. The key difference lies in what they detect and how quickly results are available.

Antibody Tests: Identifying Past Infections

Antibody tests, also known as serology tests, look for antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These tests are not used to diagnose active infections but rather to determine if an individual has previously been infected with COVID-19.

Antibody tests typically require a blood sample, usually obtained through a finger stick or blood draw. It’s important to note that antibodies may take several days or weeks to develop after infection, and they can persist in the blood for weeks or months after recovery.

When Should You Get Tested for COVID-19?

Understanding when to get tested is crucial for controlling the spread of the virus and protecting yourself and others. Here are some key situations where testing is recommended:

1. If you’re experiencing symptoms of COVID-19, even if you’ve been vaccinated
2. After close contact (within 6 feet for a total of 15 minutes or more) with someone who has confirmed COVID-19, regardless of vaccination status
3. Following participation in high-risk activities where social distancing was not possible, such as travel or large gatherings
4. If requested by your healthcare provider or local health department
5. As part of a screening program at your school, workplace, or community

If you’re unsure whether you should get tested, it’s best to consult with your healthcare provider or local health authorities for guidance.

The Testing Process: What to Expect

The COVID-19 testing process can vary depending on the type of test and where it’s conducted. Here’s a general overview of what to expect:

At a Testing Site

If you’re getting tested at a healthcare facility or community testing site, the process typically involves:

1. Scheduling an appointment or finding a walk-in testing location
2. Providing personal information and answering screening questions
3. Sample collection (nasal swab, throat swab, or saliva sample)
4. Waiting for results (timeframe varies depending on the test type)

At-Home Testing

For at-home tests, the process may include:

1. Ordering a test kit (some require a prescription)
2. Following instructions to collect your sample
3. Performing the test or mailing the sample to a lab for analysis
4. Receiving results (either within minutes or after lab processing)

Regardless of the testing method, it’s crucial to follow quarantine and isolation guidelines while awaiting your results.

COVID-19 Tests and Virus Variants: What You Need to Know

As the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolves, concerns have arisen about the ability of current tests to detect new variants. Here’s what you should know:

• Current FDA-authorized antigen and molecular tests are designed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus broadly, including variants like Delta
• No specific tests are authorized to report the presence of particular variants
• The FDA works closely with test developers to monitor potential impacts of virus mutations on test performance
• Public health agencies track virus variants to understand which strains are circulating

It’s important to remember that treatment for COVID-19 is based on symptoms rather than the specific virus strain. If you test positive, follow your healthcare provider’s guidance for appropriate care and isolation measures.

Ordering a COVID-19 Test: Prescription vs. Non-Prescription Options

COVID-19 tests are available through various channels, with some requiring a prescription and others available over-the-counter. Understanding the differences can help you choose the most appropriate testing option for your situation.

Prescription Tests

Prescription tests require an order from a healthcare provider. These tests offer several advantages:

• Healthcare providers can determine the most appropriate test based on your symptoms and circumstances
• They can ensure you understand what the results mean and provide guidance on next steps
• Some tests are authorized only for specific situations, such as for people with suspected COVID-19 or those with symptoms that started within a certain timeframe

For prescription at-home tests, you may need to answer online screening questions to determine eligibility.

Non-Prescription Tests

Non-prescription tests, including many at-home test kits, are available without a healthcare provider’s order. These tests offer convenience and accessibility but may have limitations in terms of accuracy or interpretation of results.

When choosing between prescription and non-prescription tests, consider factors such as the urgency of your situation, the accuracy required, and your ability to interpret and act on the results independently.

The Importance of Testing in Pandemic Management

COVID-19 testing plays a critical role in managing the pandemic and protecting public health. Here’s why testing remains crucial:

• Early detection of infections allows for prompt isolation and treatment
• Identifying asymptomatic cases helps prevent unintentional spread
• Testing data informs public health decisions and resource allocation
• Widespread testing contributes to a better understanding of virus transmission patterns
• Regular testing in high-risk settings can prevent outbreaks

By participating in testing when appropriate, you’re contributing to the collective effort to control the spread of COVID-19 and protect vulnerable populations.

Interpreting Test Results and Next Steps

Understanding your COVID-19 test results is crucial for taking appropriate action. Here’s a brief overview of what different results mean:

Positive Diagnostic Test Result

A positive result on a diagnostic test indicates an active COVID-19 infection. If you receive a positive result:

• Isolate yourself immediately to prevent spreading the virus to others
• Contact your healthcare provider for guidance on symptom management and when it’s safe to end isolation
• Notify close contacts of potential exposure
• Follow all local health department guidelines

Negative Diagnostic Test Result

A negative result suggests that you likely don’t have an active COVID-19 infection. However:

• False negatives are possible, especially early in the infection
• Continue to follow safety precautions, especially if you have symptoms or known exposure
• Consider retesting if symptoms persist or worsen

Positive Antibody Test Result

A positive antibody test indicates previous exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus or vaccination. Remember:

• Antibody tests don’t diagnose active infections
• The presence of antibodies doesn’t guarantee immunity
• Continue following safety guidelines regardless of antibody status

Negative Antibody Test Result

A negative antibody test suggests you haven’t been exposed to the virus or developed detectable antibodies. This could mean:

• You haven’t been infected with COVID-19
• You were recently infected and haven’t developed antibodies yet
• Your body didn’t produce detectable antibodies after infection

Regardless of your test results, it’s important to continue following public health guidelines to protect yourself and others from COVID-19.

The Future of COVID-19 Testing: Emerging Technologies and Approaches

As the pandemic evolves, so does the landscape of COVID-19 testing. Researchers and healthcare professionals are continuously working on improving testing methods to make them more accurate, accessible, and efficient. Here are some emerging trends in COVID-19 testing:

Rapid Molecular Tests

These tests aim to combine the speed of antigen tests with the accuracy of PCR tests. They can provide results in as little as 15-30 minutes while maintaining high sensitivity and specificity.

Saliva-Based Tests

Saliva tests offer a less invasive alternative to nasal swabs. They’re easier to collect, potentially making them more suitable for frequent testing in schools and workplaces.

Multiplex Tests

These tests can simultaneously detect multiple respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and other viruses. They’re particularly useful during flu season when symptoms of different infections can be similar.

AI-Assisted Diagnosis

Artificial intelligence algorithms are being developed to assist in interpreting test results, potentially improving accuracy and reducing the need for confirmatory testing.

Wearable Devices

Some researchers are exploring the use of wearable devices to detect early signs of COVID-19 infection, such as changes in heart rate or body temperature.

As these technologies continue to develop, they have the potential to revolutionize our approach to COVID-19 testing and management. However, it’s important to note that any new testing methods will need to undergo rigorous evaluation and receive regulatory approval before widespread use.

In conclusion, understanding the various aspects of COVID-19 testing is crucial for making informed decisions about your health and contributing to public health efforts. By staying informed about testing options, knowing when to get tested, and understanding how to interpret results, you can play an active role in managing the pandemic and protecting yourself and your community.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Testing Basics

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You’ve probably heard a lot about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing. If you think you have COVID-19 and need a test, contact your health care provider or local health department immediately. You can also find a community testing site in your state, or buy an FDA-authorized at-home test. Some FDA-authorized at-home tests give you results within minutes. Others require you to mail the sample to a lab for analysis.

Understanding COVID-19 testing is key to making an informed decision that meets your needs.

Types of Tests

There are different types of tests – diagnostic tests and antibody tests.

Diagnostic tests can show if you have an active COVID-19 infection and need to take steps to quarantine or isolate yourself from others. Molecular and antigen tests are types of diagnostic tests than can detect if you have an active  COVID-19 infection. Samples for diagnostic tests are typically collected with a nasal or throat swab, or saliva collected by spitting into a tube.

Antibody tests look for antibodies in your immune system produced in response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Antibody tests should not be used to diagnose an active COVID-19 infection. Antibodies can take several days or weeks to develop after you have an infection and may stay in your blood for several weeks or more after recovery. Samples for antibody tests are typically blood from a finger stick, or blood drawn by your doctor or other medical personnel.

Getting Tested

If you are tested, you should quarantine and isolate yourself at home until you receive your test results and follow the advice of your health care provider or a public health professional.

When should I get a test?

• If you have symptoms of COVID-19, even after vaccination
• If you have had close contact (within 6 feet for a total of 15 minutes or more) with someone with confirmed COVID-19, even after vaccination
• If you took part in activities that put you at higher risk for COVID-19 because you could not socially distance as needed, such as travel, attending large social or mass gatherings, or being in crowded indoor settings
• If you have been asked or referred to get tested by your health care provider, or local or state health department

Your school, workplace or community may also establish a screening program, in which they test individuals who are part of a group (at work, at school) even if there is no reason to suspect those individuals are infected with COVID-19. The FDA issued more information about screening programs in this fact sheet.

To find a local testing site, you should contact your health care provider or go to your state or local health department’s website.

Do COVID-19 tests check for the delta and other variants?

There are no authorized COVID-19 antigen or molecular tests that specifically report the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Currently, COVID-19 tests are designed to check broadly for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant.  It is common for all viruses to change and mutate over time, resulting in different virus strains. The FDA works closely with test developers to identify potential impacts of virus mutations on FDA authorized COVID-19 tests and help ensure there is minimal impact on test performance.

Local, state, and federal public health agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, track the SARS-CoV-2 virus variants so we can understand which strains of the virus are spreading. 

Health care providers treat patients who have COVID-19 based on the patient’s symptoms and not based on the strain of virus. For more information on treatment options see Know Your Treatment Options for COVID-19 and discuss your symptoms with a health care provider.
 

Ordering a Test

Many tests, including some home collection and at-home tests, require a prescription or order from a health care provider.

Prescription Tests – Health care providers can determine whether you need a test, and ensure you get the most appropriate test and that you know what the results mean. For example, certain tests are authorized only for people suspected of having COVID-19 or for people with COVID-19 symptoms that started within a certain number of days. A health care provider can help determine which test is best for your situation. Prescription-only home collection and at-home tests may require you to answer some questions online so that a health care provider can determine whether to prescribe or order a specific test.

Non-Prescription Tests – Some tests are available without a prescription. Home collection and at-home tests available without a prescription may be called “direct-to-consumer” (DTC) or “over-the-counter” (OTC). DTC and OTC tests may be available to purchase at a pharmacy or online, but they may not be available everywhere.

Home Collection and At-Home Tests

Can I get an at-home test? What is the difference between home collection and at-home tests? What kit do I need to order? To answer these questions, it is important to understand the differences in COVID-19 tests, and home collection tests versus at-home tests.

Why is this important? These differences determine where the sample is collected, where the test is processed, and how quickly you find out the results. While at-home tests may be the quickest and most convenient option, they may not be the most appropriate for all situations.

If you want to be sure the test you are buying is authorized by the FDA, visit our tables of molecular, antigen, and serology and adaptive immune response in vitro diagnostic emergency use authorizations (EUA) for more information.

Using the search box in the EUA tables you can use keywords to search and filter the type of test or collection kit you are looking for. Using this search, as new tests are authorized for use, consumers can access up-to-date information on authorized tests and collection kits.

Types of Samples

Different tests are authorized to be used with different types of samples. The most common sample types are:

Swab samples use a swab (similar to a long Q-Tip) to collect a sample from the nose or throat. The types of samples include:

• Anterior Nares (Nasal) – takes a sample from just inside the nostrils
• Mid-turbinate – takes a sample from further up inside the nose
• Nasopharyngeal – takes a sample from deep inside the nose, reaching the back of the throat
• Oropharyngeal – takes a sample from the middle part of the throat (pharynx) just beyond the mouth

Saliva samples are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab.

Blood samples are only used to test for antibodies and not to diagnose COVID-19. Venous blood samples are typically collected at a doctor’s office or clinic. Some antibody tests use blood from a finger stick.

Pooled Sample Testing

One way for laboratories to test more people for COVID-19 is by combining samples from several people into one sample and testing them together, also called “pooling.” Pooling is most helpful in areas where most samples are expected to be negative. This saves time and test materials when only a very small number of positives are expected, allowing labs to test more samples.

If the test is negative, or doesn’t detect SARS-CoV-2, then none of the people whose samples were included in the pooled sample are likely to have an active COVID-19 infection.

If the test is positive, showing the presence of the virus that causes COVID-19, everyone is retested separately, either by taking a new sample or testing a remaining portion of the original sample, to find the samples that are positive.

Understanding Your Test Results

Generally, for diagnostic tests, a negative result means the test did not detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and a positive result means the test did detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus and you are very likely to have COVID-19.

However, no test is perfect. There is always a chance that a test will return a false result. For diagnostic tests, a false negative means the test says you don’t have COVID-19 but you are infected, and a false positive means that the test says you have COVID-19 but you are not infected.

Because of this, even if you receive a negative result, you should keep practicing preventive measures, such as distancing, washing hands, and wearing masks,  to reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19.

If you are sick, you should stay home and isolate from others, even if you receive a negative test result. Talk with your health care provider to determine if you should be retested or for advice on managing your symptoms.

For serology tests, a negative result means the test did not detect antibodies to the virus that causes COVID-19.  A positive result means the test did detect antibodies to the virus that causes COVID-19, and it is possible that you had a recent or prior COVID-19 infection and you have developed an adaptive immune response to the virus.  

We do not know how long antibodies stay in the body following infection with the virus that causes COVID-19. We do not know if antibodies give you protective immunity against the virus, so results from a serology test should not be used to find out if you have immunity from the virus. The FDA cautions patients against using the results from any serology test as an indication that they can stop taking steps to protect themselves and others, such as stopping social distancing or discontinuing wearing masks.

Key Terms

• SARS-CoV-2: the virus that causes COVID-19
• COVID-19: the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
• Home Collection Test: sample is collected at home but analyzed in a laboratory
• Direct to Consumer (DTC) Test: home collection tests available without a prescription, but the sample is analyzed in a laboratory
• At-home Testing: consumer completes sample collection and testing at home
• Over the Counter (OTC) Test: consumer completes sample collection and testing at home, without a prescription
• Diagnostic Test: shows if you have an active COVID-19 infection
• Molecular Test: a diagnostic test that detects genetic material from the virus
• Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR): one type of molecular diagnostic test
• Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT): one type of molecular diagnostic test
• Antigen Test: a diagnostic test that detects specific proteins from the virus
• Antibody (Serology) Test: detects antibodies that are made by your immune system in response to a threat, such as a specific virus; not used to diagnose active infection
• Pooled Sample Testing: testing several samples together

Report Adverse Events

The FDA encourages health care professionals and patients to report adverse events or side effects as well as performance issues related to the use of COVID-19 tests or other medical products to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program:

• Complete and submit the report online through the FDA’s MedWatch website.
• Download the form or call 1-800-332-1088 to request a form, then complete and return to the address on the form or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178.

CityMD | CityMD

Detects if you are actively infected with the COVID-19 virus.

Detects if you have had prior exposure to or infection with COVID-19 and have built antibodies for the virus. For most viral illnesses, a positive antibody means prior exposure to a virus and possible immunity to future infection. As COVID-19 is a novel (new) infection, it is unclear if a positive antibody offers immunity. CityMD recommends universal precautions (Hand washing, social distancing and masks when appropriate).

This test potentially identifies antibodies created by you in response to vaccination against the COVID-19 virus. It can also detect antibodies made in response to a COVID-19 infection.

Expect to receive your results within approximately 15 minutes. Your results will be provided via email and come from noreply@citymd. net email address. If you do not receive an email in your inbox, please be sure to check your spam or junk folder.

Due to increased demand, the average turnaround time for PCR (Nasal Swab) lab results is currently 3-5 days, but can take longer depending on lab partner and other factors. Your results can be viewed via you’re My Summit Health app account. Click here to learn more and download the My Summit Health app. Please note – When you create your account, you’ll need to establish a new login and password, instead of using your existing Summit Health or CityMD patient portal login credentials you may already have.

Please allow 3-5 days to receive your results. Your results can be viewed via you’re My Summit Health app account. Click [here] to learn more and download the My Summit Health app. Please note – When you create your account, you’ll need to establish a new login and password, instead of using your existing Summit Health or CityMD patient portal login credentials you may already have.

Prior to visiting CityMD for asymptomatic COVID-19 testing for clearance, travel or work, we recommend contacting your insurance provider ahead of your visit to confirm they will cover the cost of your CityMD visit and testing. CityMD will submit a bill to your insurance company but some insurance plans may deny COVID-19 related claims as guidelines under the CARES Act are updated. For patients without insurance, we will continue to submit the claim to the Government sponsored agency. Please note, evaluation by a provider is required for all patients requesting a COVID-19 test.

What Precautions Do I Take Based On My Results?

Negative

– Asymptomatic

Continue to exercise universal precautions such as social distancing, quarantining, frequent hand washing, wearing of
a mask or face cloth in public, and other CDC guideline recommendations.

– Symptomatic

A confirmatory PCR test will be sent to an outside lab to ensure result accuracy. You should quarantine at home until
your PCR result is available.

Positive

– Asymptomatic

You are recommended to isolate for 10 days from the day of the test. You may end your isolation period after 10 days
assuming you either remain symptom free or any symptoms you develop are significantly improved AND you have not
had a fever for 24 hours (without using fever reducing medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen).

– Symptomatic

You are recommended to self quarantine for 10 days from onset of symptoms. After 10 days, you may return to work
provided your respirator symptoms (ie. cough, runny nose) are improving AND you are fever-free for 24 hours (without
using fever reducing medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen).

Serum Antibody IgG and Spike Protein Antibody (Blood Tests)

Regardless of your results, you should continue to exercise universal precautions such as social distancing, quarantining, frequent hand washing, wearing of a mask or face cloth in public, and other CDC guideline recommendations. Remember, COVID-19 is a new infection, and it is unclear if a positive antibody definitively offers immunity.

Negative

Continue to exercise universal precautions such as social distancing, quarantining, frequent hand washing, wearing of a mask or face cloth in public, and other CDC guideline recommendations.

Positive

You are recommended to self-quarantine for 10 days from onset of symptoms. After 10 days, you may return to work provided your respiratory symptoms (ie cough, runny nose) are improving AND you are fever-free for 24 hours (without using fever reducing medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen).

Disclaimer: All COVID test results are sent to the DOH. The DOH may contact you and modify the above recommendations based on their findings. If so, DOH guidance will supersede the above CityMD recommendations.

All Serology (Antibody) and Molecular/PCR tests are sent to our commercial lab partners.

For serology, our lab partners use the Abbott Architect platform or the Siemens platform, both of which have FDA Emergency Use Authorization.

For PCR, our national lab partners use the Roche Cobas or PANTHER Hologic platform, which also has FDA Emergency Use Authorization.

For Rapid Testing, we use BD Veritor and Quidell Sophia 2. Both platforms have FDA Emergency Use authorization.

For Spike Protein Antibody Testing, we use the Roche e411 lab platform.

Understanding Your PCR (Nasal Swab) Test Results

Update: Due to increased demand, the average turnaround time for PCR (nasal swab) lab results is currently 3 to 5 days, but can take longer depending on lab partner and other factors.

All PCR testing is performed by one of our commercial lab partners. The testing platforms used are Roche Cobus or Hologic Panther, both with Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA. Both platforms search for 2 targets; target 1 that is specific to SARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus causing COVID-19) and target 2 for general Corona Viruses (including but not limited to SARS-CoV-2).

Positive Results: You have tested positive for Sars-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Either target 1 alone or both targets 1 and 2 were detected (our lab partners do not specifically call out if you tested positive for target 1 alone or target 1 and 2 as it is not relevant, either scenario is positive). You are likely actively contagious and should home quarantine (sleep alone in bed, if possible use your own bathroom, wipe down surfaces, and wear a mask when in the same room as others). Please note, a small percentage of patients with active infection may be completely asymptomatic. CityMD recommends the CDC’s most up to date return to work recommendation of the rule of 10/3. If you did not have symptoms at the time of your PCR nasal swab, you may return to work in 10 days (provided you do not have a fever 3 days prior to return to work).  If you are asymptomatic and test positive, you are still likely contagious to others. A positive PCR test does not yield any information about potential immunity. Please be re-evaluated immediately for worsening symptoms such as shortness of breath or lightheadedness.

Negative Results: With a high likelihood, the results state you were not infected with Sars-CoV-2 at the time of testing. Neither target 1 or target 2 were detected. We recommend following quarantine recommendations and universal precautions (hand washing, social distancing, and when appropriate PPE such as masks and gloves). This test does not give information about past infections or future immunity.

Inconclusive Results (Presumptive Positive) or Presumed Positive: Inconclusive/Presumptive Positive or Presumed Positive means target 1 was not detected but target 2 was detected. It is presumed if you had symptoms consistent with COVID-19 and test positive for target 2, you have COVID-19. You are likely actively contagious and should home quarantine (sleep alone in bed, if possible use your own bathroom, wipe down surfaces, and wear a mask when in the same room as others). Please note, a small percentage of patients with active infection may be completely asymptomatic. CityMD recommends the CDC’s most up to date return to work recommendation of the rule of 10/3. If you did not have symptoms at the time of your PCR nasal swab, you may return to work in 10 days (provided you do not have a fever 3 days prior to return to work). A positive PCR test does not yield any information about potential immunity. Please be re-evaluated immediately for worsening symptoms such as shortness of breath or lightheadedness.

Sunrise Labs will report your test as: 

Quest Labs will report your test as:

If you have any questions or need to discuss your results further, please call Aftercare at 844-824-8963 Extension 8120. We apologize as we are currently experiencing high call volumes to our Aftercare Department. We appreciate your patience and understanding during this time.

Virtual Line Information | CityMD

Effective Aug. 9, 2021, CityMD is resuming its virtual line system at all locations. This system allows us to safely accommodate the increase in patient visits for typical urgent care needs and COVID-19 testing. It also provides you a more convenient experience by eliminating the need to wait in a physical line outside a CityMD location.

If you’re new to the CityMD virtual line process or need a refresher, here’s how it works:

1. Upon arriving at CityMD, go to the front desk and let our team know the reason for your visit.

2. A front desk team member will take your name and mobile phone number and provide you with an estimated wait time.

3. You will receive a welcome text message from CityMD. You’re then free to wait in your car, home or another location for an update from us. Your welcome text message will include a link where you can see what spot you are in line.

4. When you have reached the front of the virtual line you will receive another text message asking that you come back to the CityMD location within 30 minutes to complete your registration.

5. Once you’ve returned to the CityMD location, visit the front desk again to confirm your arrival and complete registration.

Please note the following:

1. Please make every effort to return to your CityMD location within 30 minutes of receiving your return-to-office notification. We will move on to the next patient after 30 minutes, and you will then need to re-enter the virtual line.

2. Every patient is our priority, and we’re committed to providing thorough care as quickly as possible. If you believe you are experiencing a life-threatening condition, please alert our team or call 911.

3. The virtual line text messaging system offers a Spanish language option.

Find a CityMD location near you.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Information for Patients

Interpreting SARS-CoV-2 Test Results | Pathology and Laboratory Medicine | JAMA

A 53-year-old woman was referred to the gastroenterology clinic for endoscopy because of a submucosal gastric nodule. She had not received a COVID-19 vaccination and lived in Maryland, which had a 7-day cumulative COVID-19 case rate of 70 per 100 000 individuals at the time of her visit. Review of systems was unremarkable except for intermittent abdominal pain. She had no fever, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, anosmia, dysgeusia, or diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing prior to the procedure was performed, in accordance with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Statement on Perioperative Testing¹ for monitored anesthesia. Results of preoperative testing are shown in Table 1.

Table 1.  Patient’s Test Results

Based on the results, additional history was obtained. The patient reported testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 30 days prior at another hospital. At that time, she had symptoms of dry cough, low-grade fever, and body aches, which resolved after 14 days. Fourteen days before the current presentation, results of a rapid antigen test performed at a local pharmacy were negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Box Section Ref ID

What Would You Do Next?

1. Cancel the endoscopy procedure due to likely reinfection

2. Cancel the endoscopy procedure due to persistent infection

3. Proceed with endoscopy, the patient is clinically recovered and not contagious

4. Repeat the RT-PCR testing now because this is likely a false-positive result

C. Proceed with endoscopy, the patient is clinically recovered and not contagious

SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR is the primary diagnostic test for COVID-19 (Medicare reimbursement, $75). The test amplifies targeted nucleic acid sequences to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. RT-PCR testing detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA at low levels, with analytic sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 97%.² Analytic sensitivity and specificity refer to RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in laboratory samples, while clinical sensitivity and specificity refer to identifying patients with and without COVID-19. Clinical sensitivity is approximately 90% and clinical specificity is approximately 95%.^3-5 Time from symptom onset, specimen source, and user error all affect clinical sensitivity (Table 2). Sensitivity of RT-PCR to detect patients with SARS-CoV-2 that can be cultured and infect others is 99%; however, specificity is limited by persistent detection of noninfectious viral RNA. ^4,5,7

Table 2.  Factors That Affect the Clinical Sensitivity or Specificity of SARS-CoV-2 Tests

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises that immune-competent adults are not infectious more than 10 days after symptom onset.⁷ RT-PCR testing detects noninfectious viral RNA up to 12 weeks after infection.⁷ To distinguish infectious from noninfectious virus, cycle thresholds may be used. The cycle threshold is the number of cycles a sample must be amplified in the laboratory before virus can be detected. A low cycle threshold value correlates with higher viral load and contagiousness because fewer cycles are required to detect virus. Cycle threshold values are also affected by collection technique and vary by assay, reducing their reliability.⁸

Application to This Patient

This patient had persistently positive RT-PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2 less than 90 days from prior infection. Because she remained asymptomatic, retesting provided no useful information. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that patients infected within the past 90 days without new COVID-19 symptoms should not be retested.⁹ Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is rare (risk of reinfection, 0.17%).¹⁰ However, whether reinfection rates will increase due to Delta or other variants is unknown. There is no evidence of altered test performance with variants.

Patients undergoing asymptomatic screening have a pretest probability of COVID-19 that mirrors local prevalence. Thus, at the time of testing in this patient, the pretest probability of COVID-19 was approximately 0.35% (7-day cumulative average [0.07%] multiplied 5-fold to account for undertesting). Estimating 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, the test positive predictive value was 24% but declined to approximately 0% given the patient’s recent history of COVID-19.

The ability of preprocedural testing to prevent nosocomial COVID-19 transmission varies with disease prevalence, infection history, the patient’s immunization status, employee vaccination rate, and personal protective equipment availability. Testing programs must consider what procedures have a high risk of transmission (eg, intubation and bronchoscopy aerosolize particles from the respiratory tract and are associated with higher transmission risk) and balance transmission risk reduction with potential harms to patients that result from delayed procedures following a positive test result.

What Are Alternative Diagnostic Testing Approaches?

Alternative tests include point-of-care antigen tests, which are less sensitive than RT-PCR but better predict contagiousness, indicated by correlation with viral culture and higher viral loads.^4,6 Using viral culture as criterion standard, small studies of antigen tests have reported sensitivity of approximately 90% and specificity greater than 98%.^4-6

Consultation from an infectious disease specialist determined that the patient did not pose a transmission risk to medical staff. However, after further review the patient did not require endoscopic evaluation of the submucosal nodule for another 6 months, and the procedure was postponed.

Box Section Ref ID

Clinical Bottom Line

• SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is highly sensitive (99%) but less specific (approximately 95%) for contagious COVID-19 and may be positive for ≥90 days after infection

• Viral antigen tests have lower analytic sensitivity than RT-PCR but are more specific for contagious disease

• Preprocedural COVID-19 testing can delay access to care, and testing asymptomatic low-risk patients undergoing an aerosol-generating procedure is not recommended when procedure-based personal protective equipment is available²

Corresponding Author: KC Coffey, MD, MPH, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S Pine St, MSTF 257-B, Baltimore, MD 21201 ([email protected]).

Published Online: September 17, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16146

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Diekema reported receiving grants from bioMerieux, Inc for clinical research and personal fees for consulting from Inflammatix, Inc and OpGen, Inc for consulting outside the submitted work. Dr Morgan reported receiving grants from the Veterans Association, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and having an editorial role at Nature Springer outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.

Additional Contributions: We thank the patient for granting permission to publish this information.

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COVID-19 Testing in Maine | Covid-19

90,000 Rospotrebnadzor has changed the timing of the provision of PCR tests for visitors :: Society :: RBK

Citizens returning to Russia will have to post the results of PCR tests on the portal of state services within four calendar days, and not three, as it is now.This measure will come into force on July 30

Photo: Petr Kovalev / TASS

Russians arriving from abroad must upload the results of PCR tests for coronavirus infection COVID-19 to the website of state services within four days after arrival.This is stated in the order of the chief state sanitary doctor Anna Popova, which is published on the portal of legal information.

The document says that from July 30, Russian citizens who come from abroad will have to post the results of PCR tests on a single portal of public services within four calendar days, and not three, as it is now.

Peskov refused to link control over wearing masks and elections

According to the decree, citizens must be tested for COVID-19 by PCR within three calendar days from the date of arrival in Russia, and until the result is obtained, observe the isolation regime at the place of residence or stay.

90,000 How can I find out the test results for COVID-19 on the public services portal?

Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin approved a resolution that will allow Russians to view the results of coronavirus tests in their personal account on the public services portal. This was reported by “Arguments and Facts” with reference to the press service of the Cabinet.

Can the first and second COVID-19 vaccinations be given in different locations?

As noted in the decree, this applies to both PCR tests and antibody tests (including after vaccination).This decision was the final step in a pilot project for processing test data for COVID-19, which was launched in November 2020. The main goals of digitalization of this process are to save time in obtaining results and to combat fraud. In addition, citizens returning from abroad will not have to send their test data to Rospotrebnadzor on their own.

How will it work?

First, data from laboratories will be sent through secure channels to a special Rospotrebnadzor reference center, and then to a personal account on the public services portal.In the application on mobile devices, this data will be in the form of a QR code for convenience. In the same way, vaccination data will be uploaded to the personal account on the public services portal.

As back in November 2020, it was noted in a message on the website of the Ministry of Digital Science, we are talking about tests carried out in laboratories integrated with the information system of Rospotrebnadzor. According to the press service of the ministry, the data will come to the portal of public services just an hour after the test is ready, and users will receive a notification.

Accordingly, to get acquainted with the results, you will only need to go to your personal account on the public services portal. For the service to work, the account on the portal must have a confirmed status, that is, the user must pass identity verification (through service centers, Russian Post, their bank or using an electronic signature). You will also need to agree to the transfer of information from the laboratories.

As noted in the decree, the following information will be transferred to Rospotrebnadzor: order number, data of the organization that took the biomaterial and the laboratory that studied it, as well as the dates of collection and research, test results, series and number of the identity document of the person who passed testing, his insurance number of an individual personal account (SNILS) and full name.

90,000 COVID-19 Testing – Public Area

Testing at Vaclav Havel Airport Prague is primarily intended for passengers who have purchased a valid ticket or are planning to travel abroad. Other persons who pay for the test on their own are accepted subject to the availability of vacancies at the test point. The test site is not intended for patients who are referred for testing by a physician. We ask all persons who have received a referral or recommendation to take a test from a doctor not to come to the airport and go to another drop-off point, primarily to medical institutions.

The test taker will know the result within the standard period of up to 24 hours. The result will be sent in an SMS message to the client’s mobile phone number with an international code or to an e-mail address. GHC Genetics is responsible for the processing time.

For testing purposes, there are paid test points directly at the Prague airport. In them, passengers can be tested for COVID-19 and at the same time receive the necessary confirmation upon return to the Czech Republic or before departure.Airport testing is performed by medical personnel from GHC Genetics, which uses an accredited laboratory for sample analysis. One test point is located at in the public area of ​​the airport in the passage between Terminals 1 and 2 . It is primarily intended for departing passengers who require a negative test to enter the country of destination, as well as for arriving passengers. In case of an increase in demand, depending on the current flight schedule, another test point may also be opened, which is located in the inner zone in front of passport control in Terminal 1. First of all, arriving passengers will be able to pass the test at this point, who, according to the current measures, are required to present a negative PCR test for COVID-19 disease to the local sanitary-epidemiological service after their return from certain countries. Also, the test can be taken by everyone who wants to check their health, at their own request. The new service at the airport is primarily intended to reduce the rate of spread of the disease, as well as to ensure travel safety.

Passengers and the general public can take the test at Vaclav Havel Airport Prague daily from 04:00 to 00:00 at the test point located in the passage between the terminals, as well as from 07:00 to 19:00 in front of passport control at the Terminal 1, and then according to demand . Samples are analyzed in a remote, specially equipped laboratory. The client will know the result within the standard period of up to 24 hours. The result will be sent in an SMS message to the client’s mobile phone number with an international code or to an e-mail address. GHC Genetics is responsible for the processing time.

As a general rule, we recommend that passengers who need to present a negative COVID-19 test result at check-in or directly in the country of destination and who want to take the test at the airport, allow sufficient time to take the test and receive the result before departure from Prague.

Sampling at test points is carried out on a first come, first served basis. Recording at a specific time is not possible due to high demand.

In the event of increased passenger demand for COVID-19 test sampling, GHC Genetics will promptly increase the capacity of the drop-off point by one window located in the same location as the existing drop-off point in the crossing between terminals.

The service is provided by GHC Genetics.

Prices of coronavirus tests:

• PCR TEST BASIC (810 CZK / 32 EURO) – the client receives the test result within the legal period of 48 hours only in the form of an SMS message containing all the data required by law.With this test, you cannot buy a certificate of absence of infection in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, which is necessary for traveling abroad. In the case of tests carried out at the Airport. Vaclav Havel Prague, the laboratory will be able to give results within 24 hours. Thus, the laboratory meets the specific needs of clients at the airport and takes into account the reduced flexibility in time of passengers, whose test results are associated with fixed departure times.
• PCR TEST STANDARD (1750 CZK / 70 EURO) – the client receives the test result within 24 hours in the form of an SMS message, and then receives an email.e-mail a secure laboratory reference.
• PCR TEST TRAVEL (2000 CZK / 80 EURO) – the client receives the test result within 24 hours in the form of an SMS message, and then receives an email. e-mail a secure laboratory reference. The price of the test includes obtaining an international certificate of the absence of infection in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, which is necessary for traveling abroad.
• PCR TEST Expres (7,500 CZK / 280 EURO) is an express service, within which the client receives a test result within 2 hours.The test is carried out directly at the sampling points. Clients receive the result in the form of an SMS message, and then receive an email. e-mail a secure laboratory reference. The price of the test includes obtaining an international certificate of the absence of infection in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, which is necessary for traveling abroad.

Nothing changes for people who have undergone PCR tests as prescribed by a doctor or sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. With the test, you can buy a certificate of absence of infection in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic for 250 CZK / 10 EURO, which is necessary for traveling abroad.

• Antigen test TEST TRAVEL (800 CZK / 32 EURO) – the client receives the test result directly at the sampling point within 15 minutes, and then receives an email. e-mail a secure laboratory reference. The price of the test includes obtaining an international certificate of the absence of infection in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, which is necessary for traveling abroad. Currently, a PCR test is strictly required to travel abroad (with the exception of

Slovakia). However, always check the current information before traveling.

Payment is possible at all sampling points or by bank transfer using a payment card, or in cash. The cost of the test can be paid in kroons or euros.

90,000 PCR (COVID-19) (result in English and Russian) SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA

PCR study detects SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA in a swab from the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The result is given in Russian and English.

Please note that it is impossible to additionally receive the result in English after passing the test with the result in Russian only! When registering a test in Russian and English, the data of both Russian and foreign passports of the patient are entered into the program at the same time, do not forget to take your passports with you.

The SARS CoV-2 coronavirus is a new type of coronavirus that caused the COVID 19 pandemic (COrona VIrus Disease is an English abbreviation). SARS CoV-2 is a highly contagious infection that is transmitted from person to person. Ways of spread – airborne (when talking, sneezing, coughing), air-dust, contact (through handrails in vehicles, door handles, household items). A person becomes infectious already during the incubation period (the latent period of the disease, before the onset of symptoms) and spreads the virus during the course of the disease, even if the infection is mild or asymptomatic.Signs suggestive of COVID 19: change in the perception of smell and taste, dry cough, high fever, muscle pain, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, decreased oxygen saturation (tissue oxygenation, measured with a pulse oximeter). Possibly asymptomatic course, mild, moderate and severe with signs of respiratory failure and the need to connect mechanical ventilation.

PCR study of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus RNA with a result in English and Russian is carried out upon presentation of Russian and foreign passports (data of two passports are required) to persons without signs of SARS and who have not had contact with a COVID 19 patient for a period 14 days before the study.It is not possible to take a smear anonymously.

If there are signs of ARVI, contact the local medical service at your place of residence.

When is the study ordered?

• When planning a trip abroad or for presentation at the place of request

What do the test results mean?

The result is given in a quality format (detected / not found).

There is a QR code on the result form, which, when scanned, confirms the authenticity of the research performed by the laboratory.

Result – “not detected” means the absence of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus at the time of the study (taking a smear). But this does not mean that the patient could not become infected after performing a smear.

Result – “found” indicates the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. When a positive result is obtained, the patient’s data is transferred to Rospotrebnadzor. The patient must comply with quarantine for at least 2 weeks, even in the absence of signs of illness, until a negative result of the next PCR test for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is obtained.

Timing of the test.

Up to 2 days

How do I prepare for the analysis?

For research, you need to take a swab from the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The swab can be taken on an empty stomach in the morning or during the day. Before the study, refrain from topical administration of drugs and food intake for 2 hours. You need to have the data of two passports with you: Russian and foreign.

PCR test | Medicaver

Although PCR tests are now more common in the context of coronavirus, it should be borne in mind that this test is used in the diagnosis of many other diseases, both viral, bacterial, and parasitic.Given the nature of the test, it is classified as a molecular (genetic) test.

Contents

1. PCR test what is it?

2. Types of PCR tests

3. How accurate is the PCR test for coronavirus?

4. When should a PCR test for coronavirus be performed?

5. Results of PCR test for coronavirus

PCR test what is it?

PCR is a study based on the principles of molecular biology. Its name comes from the English term “polymerase chain reaction”.To conduct a test, you need to take a sample of material for testing, then analysis is carried out to identify specific genetic material characteristic of a particular virus. Modern laboratory methods make it possible to isolate a specific viral or bacterial nucleic acid from a selected sample – DNA or RNA, due to which it is possible to confirm the fact of infection of the examined person. The advantage of this test is that it detects a small amount of virus or detects a virus in very small samples.

Types of PCR tests

Now, for the diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to confirm the infection is a molecular (genetic) test, which consists in checking that it contains this SARS-CoV-2 RNA sample (its genetic material). There are currently two types of PCR tests performed to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection.

One of the tests is the FRANKD screening test.This is a PCR test, RT-LAMB (isothermal amplification from reverse transcriptase mediated). This allows one genetic sequence to be identified (as opposed to RT-PCR, which detects two – the so-called complete test). To carry out the test, you need to take a swab from the throat and nose or nasopharynx, and the result will be available the next day.

An RT-PCR test is also required in the case of a positive serological test (SARS-CoV-2 antibody) – a negative RT-PCR result, together with a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody result, indicates a past infection.

RT-PCR results are generally available within 24-48 hours (depending on laboratory and test option). If you develop flu-like symptoms or have been in contact with someone with COVID-19, talk to your doctor about testing.

Or an Accurate PCR Test for Coronavirus?

RT-PCR and PCR tests are molecular tests that are performed under strictly defined laboratory conditions. Today, the RT-PCR test is the only recommended method for confirming SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection (the so-called gold standard), recognized by the WHO and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.The test is highly sensitive and specific, although false negative results (negative test result despite infection) can occur if the amount of genetic material is insufficient or the time window for execution is missed (approximately the first 2 weeks after infection). Although the incubation period for COVID-19 is estimated to be approximately 5 days, it is possible to get a false negative result within the first 7 days of infection (Böger B. Am J Infect Control, 2020).

RT-PCR usually exhibits SARS-CoV-2 during the first week of symptom onset, up to about 3 weeks in total. Some people with severe ARVI-CoV-2 may have the virus for longer than 3 weeks. False negative results of the RT-PCR test appear mainly due to errors in the collection of material for research or the wrong timing for the test (Sethuraman N. JAMA, 2020).

When to do the RT-PCR test for coronavirus?

The RT-PCR test to confirm the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection is carried out in certain situations:

• confirmation of ARVI-CoV-2 infection in people with symptoms consistent with the infection (eg fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, loss or impairment of smell and / or taste),

• confirmation of infection after receiving a positive screening test (FRANKD, RT-LAMP) or serological test (anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of the IgG, IgM or IgG and IgM classes).

It is important that, among other things, the reliability of the result depends on the correct collection of a sample of material for testing, as well as the collection time (time of the test from infection / onset of symptoms). symptoms indicating a possible infection.

Coronavirus test results

Taking into account the improvement of research methods, the results of tests for coronavirus appear relatively soon.Their interpretation depends on the type of test performed. Each time the result should be consulted with a doctor.

Receiving a positive RT-PCR test means that the person is infected with the coronavirus. This is a definite result, whereas a negative result does not completely rule out potential infection. Note that too early or incorrectly taken smears may result in a negative result error.

Source:

1. Ministry of Health of Ukraine, “Information on coronavirus”: https: // moz.gov.ua/koronavirus-2019-ncov

2.Official information portal of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine: https://covid19.gov.ua/

3. World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

The time frame for transferring the results of PCR tests to the gosulug portal will be reduced to 2 hours

It is necessary to reduce the time for transferring the results of PCR tests from laboratories to the portal of public services to two hours from the moment they are ready.The corresponding order Rospotrebnadzor was given by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, according to the website of the Cabinet.

“Rospotrebnadzor should prepare proposals to reduce the time for transferring the results of PCR tests from laboratories to the portal of public services – up to 2 hours from the moment the results are received,” the website says.

The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance, together with regional authorities, must ensure that citizens’ appeals on coronavirus issues are considered through the public services portal within 24 hours.The government believes that this will help people more quickly receive information and resolve issues.

In addition, the Federal Antimonopoly Service and Rospotrebnadzor must, by July 19, check the validity of prices for PCR studies in private medical organizations and commercial laboratories. According to the head of government, the regions have recently reported that the receipt of test results is delayed, and the cost of the procedure itself is growing.

It is also necessary to control the situation with providing citizens with vaccines, Mikhail Mishustin said.In particular, we are talking about tracking the needs and availability of vaccines in the regions, since the pace of vaccination itself has accelerated.

In this regard, the Ministry of Industry and Trade was instructed to submit to the Government monthly plans for the release of vaccines by the main manufacturers until the end of 2021.

Read also:

• Media: the Ministry of Health is ready for long-term contracts for the purchase of drugs
• Muscovites were told how to receive a QR code by SMS
• Muscovites with a QR code will be able to receive services at the MFC without an appointment

Earlier, Minister of Health Mikhail Murashko said that several foreign manufacturers have applied for registration of their vaccine in Russia.Since January 18, a mass vaccination of the population against coronavirus has been taking place in the country. Russia was the first in the world to register a vaccine against coronavirus – it was named Sputnik V. It was developed by the N.F. Gamalei. Then the vaccine “EpiVacCorona” (developer – Center “Vector”) passed the registration. Later, the third vaccine against coronavirus, “CoviVac”, was registered, which was developed by the M.P. Chumakov.

A single-component vaccine “Sputnik Light” has also entered civilian circulation.Its first parties began to go into civilian circulation after June 25.

Situation in

Update from 09/27/2021

When entering Turkey

As part of the latest decision on measures to combat the COVID-19 epidemic, when entering the Republic of Turkey from the Russian Federation at all border points (land, air or sea) will not ask for a certificate with a negative PCR test result from those who provide documents issued by the official authorities of the Russian Federation on vaccination carried out at least 14 days before entry and / or a document stating that they have had a disease within the last 6 months …

Documents such as vaccination certificate, PCR / antigen tests will be checked by airlines before the flight, passengers without such documents will not be allowed to fly.

Passengers under 12 years old are exempted from submitting PCR / antigen tests or vaccination certificates (valid until 09/30/2021).

Movement of foreign tourists within the country

For tourists who have submitted documents on vaccination or previous illness upon entering Turkey, there are currently no obstacles to travel within the country by plane, train or bus with these documents.

Tourists who enter Turkey with negative results of the PCR test or the rapid antigen test can present them for travel by public transport if 72 hours have not passed (for the PCR test) and 48 hours (for the express antigen test).

Consequently, in case of expiration of of the specified documents for travel within the country by plane, train or public transport, it will be necessary to do the test again .

These requirements do not apply to tourists who have a vaccination certificate or a document on a past illness.

Vaccination certificate

To enter the territory of the Republic of Turkey on a vaccination certificate, a tourist must be vaccinated with one of the vaccines recognized by WHO or Turkey (from Russian – Sputnik V), and the last dose must be made at least 14 days before arrival.

Starting from September 14, 2021, the Republic of Turkey accepts only Sputnik V of Russian vaccines. Tourists with other Russian vaccines who fly on vacation on September 14, 2021 and later must have a negative PCR test result or an antigen test result.

The vaccination certificate must be in English, indicating the data of the foreign passport (affixed automatically if these data are entered in the State Services), as well as with a QR code.

The following conditions also apply for tourists traveling to Turkey

From March 15, new rules will come into force for visiting Turkey. Each passenger must register at register.health.gov.tr ​​72 hours before arrival in the country and fill out an online application form. An individual QR code is assigned to the form.In addition, after entering the data into the system, tourists will also be assigned a HES code, which is needed to travel by public transport, to enter markets and shopping centers. This form can be saved from the website to your phone or tablet in electronic form or printed out for presentation at the airport of departure.

Instructions for filling out the questionnaire for departure to Turkey

1. The first page contains the data as they are indicated in the passenger’s foreign passport.
   Country of Arrival actually means Country of Departure.
2. In the section “Company name” must be indicated the airline that the tourist arrives with (AZUR air, Aeroflot, etc.).
3. “Date of Arrival” indicates the date of crossing the Turkish border.
4. The second tab should contain information about the place of residence of tourists. Due to the fact that tourism rarely uses the administrative division of the regions of Turkey, many tourists have difficulties at this step.
   For the correct filling of this field, we advise you to find the hotel exactly on Google maps and transfer the information as follows (see):
5. After entering the address data, click on “Add address” and after adding click on “Next”.
6. In the next paragraph, if the tourist was in another country in the last 10 days, they must be indicated.
7. As a result, all the data filled in by the tourist is displayed. After checking and confirming them, a personal form with a QR code is generated, which will need to be downloaded and printed.

Also in the form with a QR code there is a HES code, which is necessary for tourists to visit some public places such as shopping centers, markets, restaurants, etc. We advise tourists to always have this form with them.

In the absence of a completed application form, the passenger will be denied boarding. Also, this questionnaire does not replace the need for a PCR test.

The questionnaires previously issued to passengers on board are out of date from 03/15/2021.

For passengers traveling from Russia to third countries through Turkey and back, provided they travel through the transit sterile zones of the airport, that is, without going into the city and without moving from one airport to another for the purpose of transit, issuing a HES code like this require new rules of the Turkish authorities for arriving in Turkey is not necessary.

If the transit takes place with the replacement of airports, or if the transit lasts more than 24 hours, or if passengers arrive in Turkey with different airlines and, therefore, to receive and transfer baggage, it is necessary to go through passport control, then it is necessary to obtain a HES code.

Those who have been in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brazil, South Africa, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka for the last 14 days must provide a negative PCR test result, made no earlier than 72 hours before entering the country, and they will be quarantined for a period of 14 days in places designated by the provincial administrations (see).

At the points of arrival of passengers, the Ministry of Health will conduct PCR testing based on a random sample. Passengers will be able to travel to their final destinations following the test.

If the test is positive, they will be treated in accordance with the MOH circular on C0VID-19. Passengers who test positive and those who have been in close contact with them will be quarantined for 14 days at their addresses. The quarantine will be terminated if there is a negative PCR test result taken on the 10th day.If a carrier of the Delta mutation is identified, quarantine will be terminated if there is a negative PCR test result taken on the 14th day.

When entering Russia

Rules for entering Russia

Citizens of the Russian Federation

Citizens of the Russian Federation arriving in the territory of the Russian Federation by air must fill out an electronic form on the gosuslugi.ru portal “Registration of those arriving in the Russian Federation” before departure to the Russian Federation, but not later than check-in for the flight.The page with the QR code must be presented at the airport of arrival to the representatives of Rospotrebnadzor. Citizens can also fill out a questionnaire on the plane and give it at the airport to representatives of Rospotrebnadzor.

Citizens of the Russian Federation within 3 calendar days from the date of arrival in the territory of the Russian Federation need to undergo a single laboratory test for COVID-19 using the PCR method. Before receiving the results of laboratory tests for COVID-19 using the PCR method, it is necessary to observe the isolation regime at the place of residence (stay).

If you have been vaccinated against COVID-19 within the last 12 months or information about COVID-19 transferred in the last 6 months, a laboratory test for COVID-19 by PCR is not required.

For foreign citizens

All foreign citizens (not citizens of the Russian Federation) who have the legal right to enter the territory of the Russian Federation when crossing the State Border of the Russian Federation must have with them a certificate stating the presence of a negative laboratory test of the material selected no earlier than three calendar days before arriving on the territory of the Russian Federation, for COVID-19 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.