Period lasting 9 days. Von Willebrand Disease: Comprehensive Understanding of Types, Causes, and Symptoms

29.06.202310.06.2023 by alexxlab

What is von Willebrand disease? What are the different types of von Willebrand disease? What causes von Willebrand disease? What are the common symptoms of von Willebrand disease?

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What is Von Willebrand Disease?

Von Willebrand disease is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of a protein called von Willebrand factor (VWF). This protein plays a crucial role in blood clotting by helping platelets adhere to damaged blood vessels and promoting the activity of clotting factor VIII. When the levels or function of VWF are impaired, it can lead to prolonged bleeding episodes.

Types of Von Willebrand Disease

There are three main types of von Willebrand disease, each with its own characteristics:

Type 1

Type 1 is the most common form, accounting for approximately 75% of cases. It is characterized by a quantitative deficiency of VWF, meaning that the body produces lower-than-normal levels of this protein. Individuals with Type 1 von Willebrand disease typically experience mild bleeding symptoms, such as easy bruising, nosebleeds, and heavy menstrual bleeding.

Type 2

Type 2 von Willebrand disease is characterized by a qualitative defect in the VWF, where the protein is present but does not function properly. This type is further divided into subtypes 2A, 2B, 2M, and 2N, each with its own distinct genetic and clinical features. Individuals with Type 2 von Willebrand disease may experience a wider range of bleeding symptoms, from mild to severe.

Type 3

Type 3 is the most severe form of von Willebrand disease, affecting less than 5% of individuals with the condition. In this type, the body produces no functional VWF, leading to a complete lack of this protein. Individuals with Type 3 von Willebrand disease are at a high risk of severe, life-threatening bleeding episodes, including spontaneous internal bleeding and bleeding into the joints.

Causes of Von Willebrand Disease

Von Willebrand disease is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the VWF gene. These mutations can be inherited in different patterns, leading to the various types of the condition:

Type 1 and Type 2 von Willebrand disease are typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that only one mutated copy of the VWF gene is required to develop the condition.
Type 3 von Willebrand disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, where an individual must inherit two mutated copies of the VWF gene, one from each parent, to develop the most severe form of the disease.

Symptoms of Von Willebrand Disease

The symptoms of von Willebrand disease can vary widely, depending on the type and severity of the condition. The most common symptoms include:

Easy bruising
Frequent nosebleeds
Excessive bleeding from the gums
Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding in women
Prolonged bleeding after injuries, surgeries, or dental procedures
In severe cases (Type 3), spontaneous internal bleeding and bleeding into the joints

Diagnosis and Management

To diagnose von Willebrand disease, your healthcare provider will take a detailed medical history, ask about your personal and family history of bleeding, and perform laboratory tests to assess your VWF levels and function. These tests may include measuring VWF antigen, VWF activity, and clotting factor VIII levels. Based on the results, your doctor can determine the specific type of von Willebrand disease you have and develop a personalized treatment plan.

Treatment for von Willebrand disease typically involves a combination of therapies, including medications to control bleeding episodes, hormone therapy for women with heavy menstrual bleeding, and in some cases, replacement therapy with purified VWF concentrates. Regular monitoring and close coordination with your healthcare team are essential to manage the condition effectively and prevent complications.

Conclusion

Von Willebrand disease is a complex genetic bleeding disorder that can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. Understanding the different types, causes, and symptoms of this condition is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management. By working closely with their healthcare providers, individuals with von Willebrand disease can learn to manage their symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, and lead a fulfilling life.

Von Willebrand Disease: Types, Causes, and Symptoms

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Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M. D. — By Lydia Krause — Updated on March 31, 2017

What is von Willebrand disease?

Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder. It’s caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF). This is a type of protein that helps your blood to clot. Von Willebrand is different from hemophilia, another type of bleeding disorder.

Bleeding happens when one of your blood vessels breaks. Platelets are a type of cell that circulates in your blood and clumps together to plug broken blood vessels and stop bleeding. VWF is a protein that helps platelets clump together, or clot. If your levels of functional VWF are low, your platelets won’t be able to clot properly. This leads to prolonged bleeding.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, von Willebrand disease affects up to 1 percent of the general population in the United States.

Three main types of von Willebrand disease exist:

Type 1

Type 1 is the most common type of von Willebrand disease. It causes lower-than-normal levels of VWF to occur in your body. You still have small amounts of VWF in your body to help clot blood. You’ll likely experience mild bleeding problems but be able to live a normal life.

Type 2

If you have type 2 von Willebrand disease, you have normal levels of VWF but it won’t work properly due to structural and functional defects. Type 2 is divided into subtypes, including types:

Type 3

Type 3 is the most dangerous type of von Willebrand disease. If you have this type, your body won’t produce any VWF. As a result, your platelets won’t be able to clot. This will put you at risk of severe bleeding that’s difficult to stop.

If you have von Willebrand disease, your symptoms will vary depending on which type of the disease you have. The most common symptoms that occur in all three types include:

easy bruising
excessive nose bleeds
bleeding from your gums
abnormally heavy bleeding during menstruation

Type 3 is the most severe form of the condition. If you have this type, you have no VWF in your body. This makes episodes of bleeding difficult to control. It also raises your risk of internal bleeding, including bleeding in your joints and gastrointestinal system.

Men and women develop von Willebrand disease at the same rate. But women are more likely to experience symptoms and complications due to the increased risk of bleeding during menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth.

A genetic mutation causes von Willebrand disease. The type of von Willebrand disease that you have depends on whether one or both of your parents have passed a mutated gene on to you. For example, you can only develop type 3 Von Willebrand if you’ve inherited a mutated gene from both of your parents. If you’ve only inherited one copy of the mutated gene, you’ll develop type 1 or 2 von Willebrand disease.

Your doctor will ask you questions about your personal and family history of abnormal bruising and bleeding. Type 3 tends to be the easiest to diagnose. If you have it, you’ll likely have a history of severe bleeding starting early in life.

Along with taking a detailed medical history, your doctor may also use laboratory tests to check for abnormalities in your VWF levels and function. They may also check for abnormalities in clotting factor VIII, which can cause hemophilia. Your doctor can also use blood tests to learn how well your platelets function.

Your doctor will need to collect a sample of your blood to conduct these tests. Then, they’ll send it to a laboratory for testing. Because of the specialized nature of these tests, it may take up to two or three weeks to receive your results.

If you have von Willebrand disease, your treatment plan will vary, depending on the type of condition you have. Your doctor may recommend several different treatments.

Nonreplacement therapy

Your doctor may prescribe desmopressin (DDAVP), which is a drug recommended for types 1 and 2A. DDAVP stimulates the release of VWF from your body’s cells. Common side effects include a headache, low blood pressure, and fast heart rate.

Replacement therapy

Your doctor may also recommend replacement therapy, using Humate-P or Alphanate Solvent Detergent/Heat Treated (SD/HT). These are two types of biologics, or genetically engineered proteins. They’re developed from human plasma. They can help replace the VWF that’s absent or working improperly in your body.

These replacement therapies aren’t identical and you shouldn’t use them interchangeably. Your doctor may prescribe Humate-P if you have type 2 von Willebrand disease and are unable to tolerate DDAVP. They may also prescribe it if you have a severe case of type 3 von Willebrand disease.

Common side effects of replacement therapy with Humate-P and Alphanate SD/HT include chest tightness, rash, and swelling.

Topical treatments

To treat minor bleeding from small capillaries or veins, your doctor may recommend applying Thrombin-JMI topically. They may also apply Tisseel VH topically after you undergo surgery, but it won’t stop heavy bleeding.

Other drug therapies

Aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid are drugs that help steady clots formed by platelets. Doctors often prescribe them to people who are undergoing invasive surgery. Your doctor may also prescribe them if you have type 1 von Willebrand disease. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and clot complications.

Drugs to avoid

If you have any form of Von Willebrand disease, it’s important to avoid drugs that can increase your risk of bleeding and complications. For example, avoid aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen.

Most people who have type 1 von Willebrand disease are able to live normal lives with only mild bleeding issues. If you have type 2, you’re at an increased risk of experiencing mild to moderate bleeding and complications. You may experience worse bleeding in the case of infection, surgery, or pregnancy. If you have type 3, you’re at risk of severe bleeding, as well as internal bleeding.

No matter what type of von Willebrand disease you have, you should let your healthcare providers know about it, including your dentist. They may need to adjust their procedures to lower your risk of bleeding. You should also let trusted family members and friends know about your condition in case you have an unexpected accident or need life-saving surgery. They can share important information about your condition with your healthcare providers.

Last medically reviewed on March 31, 2017

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Bharati, K. P., & Prashanth, U. R. (2011, January-February). Von Willebrand disease: An overview. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 73(1), 7-16
ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3224412/
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, January 2). Von Willebrand disease
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/von-willebrand-disease/basics/definition/con-20030195
Von Willebrand disease. (2014, June 11)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0063054/
Von Willebrand disease (VWD): Data and statistics – NCBDDD. (2015, March 20)
cdc.gov/ncbddd/vwd/data.html

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Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M.D. — By Lydia Krause — Updated on March 31, 2017

Hemophilia: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder. A lack of or low levels of certain proteins called “clotting factors” characterizes the disorder.

There are several types of hemophilia, though they all have low levels of either clotting factor VIII or factor IX. Doctors base the overall severity of the condition on how much factor is present in the blood.

If you have hemophilia, your blood doesn’t clot properly as a result. This can lead to excessive bleeding, even from minor cuts or injuries. It can also cause:

spontaneous bleeding
internal bleeding
painful, swollen joints due to bleeding within them

The exact number of people living with hemophilia is not known. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about 400 male babies are born each year with hemophilia A, a type of hemophilia.

The three forms of hemophilia include hemophilia A, B, and C.

Hemophilia A. Type A is the most common type of hemophilia. A deficiency in factor VIII causes this form of hemophilia, which is also known as “classic hemophilia.“
Hemophilia B. This type of hemophilia, also known as Christmas disease, occurs because clotting factor IX is missing or severely deficient.
Hemophilia C. Hemophilia C, also known as “factor XI deficiency,“ is a rare form of hemophilia first discovered in 1953 in people with severe bleeding after dental extractions.

Hemophilia is an inherited genetic condition. This condition isn’t curable, but it can be treated to minimize symptoms and prevent future health complications.

Congenital hemophilia

The majority of hemophilia cases are congenital. Congenital means that you acquire the trait from one or both of your parents when you’re born. About two-thirds of all type A and B cases of hemophilia occur in people with a family history of the condition.

Acquired hemophilia

Unlike congenital hemophilia, you can develop acquired hemophilia with no personal or family history of hemophilia. Instead, acquired hemophilia is a rare autoimmune disorder.

An autoimmune disorder or disease occurs when your immune system attacks healthy cells. In the case of acquired hemophilia, the immune system creates antibodies that attack the clotting factors, most frequently factor VIII (acquired hemophilia A).

The symptoms of hemophilia vary based on the severity of the condition.

There are three levels of severity associated with hemophilia A and B. Each level has its own associated symptoms.

Hemophilia C is generally considered to be a mild form of hemophilia, which means its symptoms and signs align with those of mild cases of A or B.

The symptoms for both types A and B are the same for each level.

Mild cases of hemophilia A or B typically include:

bleeding after surgery, injury, or tooth extraction
heavy menstrual bleeding
hemorrhaging following childbirth

Since symptoms do not occur until an incident happens, doctors may not diagnose mild forms of hemophilia until a person reaches adulthood.

In moderate cases of hemophilia A or B, severe bleeding typically occurs following an injury.

Finally, in severe cases of hemophilia A or B, you may experience:

bleeding following an injury
spontaneous bleeding into the joints or muscles

Often, a doctor can diagnose the condition following a circumcision shortly after birth.

In general, the CDC notes that signs of hemophilia can often include:

bleeding into the joints
bruising, bleeding into the skin
bleeding into the muscle and soft tissue
blood in stool or urine
bleeding after a shot
frequent, difficult to stop nosebleeds
bleeding in gums or mouth

The primary cause of all types of hemophilia is a mutation in the genes that control and regulate the development of clotting factors. Clotting factors help the blood form clots that seal up wounds.

For both hemophilia A and B, about two-thirds of the mutations come from a parent. The remaining can occur as a spontaneous mutation, even in people with no family history of the condition.

Hemophilia and genetics

Genetics plays a role in all three types of hemophilia. Both types A and B occur due to a mutation on the X chromosome, while type C affects other areas of the genetic code. Here is how it breaks down.

Types A and B

Both hemophilia A and hemophilia B involve a recessive mutation on the X chromosome. Biological males typically have an X and Y chromosome, while biological females typically have two X chromosomes.

This means that biological females will not likely inherit the disorder, since they will almost always have at least one non-mutated X chromosome. Instead, they can become carriers if they acquire one copy of the mutated X chromosome.

Being a carrier means that the person will not show any signs or symptoms of the condition, but they can still pass it on to their children.

For example, biological males can inherit hemophilia if their mother is a carrier and they get the mutated X gene from them.

Here are the odds of passing hemophilia on to a child and how it breaks down by gender:

Sex assigned at birth	Status	Odds
Female	carrier	1 in 4
Female	not a carrier	1 in 4
Male	with hemophilia A/B	1 in 4
Male	without hemophilia A/B	1 in 4

About two-thirds of all hemophilia A and B cases are passed down from parents to children. The rest can occur due to spontaneous mutation of the gene.

Type C

Like hemophilia A and B, hemophilia C is an inherited condition from a recessive gene. This type can affect males and females equally.

Hemophilia is diagnosed through a blood test. Your doctor will remove a small sample of blood from your vein and measure the amount of clotting factor present.

The sample is then graded to determine the severity of the factor deficiency and the severity of the condition.

Hemophilia A severity levels include:

Mild: occurs when factor levels are between 6 and 30 percent (about 25 percent of all cases)
Moderate: occurs when factor levels are between 1 and 5 percent (about 15 percent of all cases)
Severe: occurs when factor levels are less than 1 percent (about 60 percent of all cases)

Hemophilia B severity levels include:

Mild: occurs when factor levels are between 6 and 49 percent
Moderate: occurs when factor levels are between 1 and 5 percent
Severe: occurs when factor levels are less than 1 percent

Treatment for hemophilia can vary based on the type of hemophilia you have. The main goal of treatment is to replace the clotting factors so a person can form clots and prevent bleeding.

A doctor may prescribe the following based on the type of hemophilia you have:

Concentrated FVIII or FIX product. Often called clotting factor, these infused medications are used to treat types A and B, respectively. The medication can either be synthetic or made from human plasma. Often doctors prescribe them as part of an ongoing, regular treatment regimen known as prophylaxis.
Aminocaproic acid. This medication helps prevent the breakdown of blood clots. Doctors may prescribe this medication prior to a dental or other procedure.
Non-factor replacement therapies. These medications are a newer form of therapy that uses synthetic proteins to replicate the clotting factors. A doctor injects the medication into the skin. Examples of this therapy include emicizumab and desmopressin acetate.
Physical therapy. In more severe cases, you may need to go to physical therapy for rehabilitation if hemophilia has damaged your joints.
Pain management. If you have pain associated with the condition, your doctor may prescribe or recommend pain medications to help alleviate the pain.
New therapies. Scientists are looking at new forms of therapy, including gene therapies and the use of monoclonal antibodies.

Risk factors for inheriting hemophilia

Hemophilia A and B are more common in people assigned male at birth than people assigned female because the genetic transmission occurs due to a recessive gene on the X chromosome.

Hemophilia C is an autosomal inherited form of the disease, meaning that it affects biological males and biological females equally. This is because the genetic defect that causes this type of hemophilia isn’t related to sex chromosomes. In the United States, hemophilia C affects about 1 in 100,000 people.

Hemophilia is a condition that’s typically passed from parent to child. When someone is pregnant, there’s no way of knowing whether the baby has the condition.

However, if your eggs are fertilized in a clinic using in vitro fertilization, they can be tested for the condition. Then, only the eggs without hemophilia can be implanted.

If you’re worried your baby may develop hemophilia, pre-conception and prenatal counseling can help you understand your risk of passing hemophilia on to your baby.

The complications of hemophilia can include:

joint damage from repetitive bleeding
deep internal bleeding
fractures
neurological symptoms from bleeding within the brain

You’re also at an increased risk of developing infections, such as hepatitis, when you receive donor blood.

The following symptoms indicate a medical emergency. You should get treatment right away for any of these symptoms:

a severe headache
vomiting repeatedly
neck pain
blurred or double vision
extreme sleepiness
continuous bleeding from an injury

If you’re pregnant, it’s important that you see a doctor if you experience any of the above symptoms.

If you‘re experiencing a medical emergency, you should seek emergency medical care through a local hospital. For follow-up care and condition management, you can connect with a primary care doctor in your area using the Healthline FindCare tool.

Hemophilia is a blood condition associated with heavy bleeding. There are three types of hemophilia: A, B, and C. They differ in what clotting factors are affected.

The severity level of hemophilia can affect symptoms and their severity.

Treatment focuses on replacing clotting factors to prevent future issues with bleeding. A doctor may also recommend additional therapies as needed.

Can females have hemophilia?

Hemophilia A and B primarily affects biological males. This is because these types of hemophilia result from a recessive mutation on the X chromosome. Females often have at least one healthy X chromosome, which means they will likely only become a carrier unless both parents pass on a recessive X chromosome.

Hemophilia C can affect both males and females equally because it is not associated with the X or Y chromosome.

Can hemophilia go away?

Though treatment can help improve and prevent symptoms, there is currently no cure for hemophilia. You will need regular treatment to ensure your blood clots normally.

How common is hemophilia?

According to the CDC, hemophilia occurs in 1 out of every 5,000 male births. While it primarily affects biological males, it can affect all races and ethnic groups. Also, hemophilia A is about four times as common as B. About half of all people living with type A hemophilia have the severe form.

how to consider what it means, what happens to the soul …

The content of the article

9 days after death – meaning in Orthodoxy
What happens to the soul of the deceased on the 9th day after death
Commemoration on the 9th day after death
9 days after death – what should the relatives of the deceased do
What prayers to read on the 9th day after death
- Read also Why do we consider it a special day? Christians believe that a person’s life does not end with his earthly existence. After all, a person is not only his body. From the Holy Scriptures we know that a person’s body is mortal, but his soul is eternal. After death, the soul meets God. This encounter is different for everyone. For some, it is difficult because of the sins accumulated in earthly life, and for others, it is a great joy to meet the Heavenly Father. But all people need support through prayer these days. You can pray in the temple, in the cemetery and in private. The human soul is poisoned by sin, and meeting with the Perfect God can be a great test for the soul of the deceased. But we know that the Lord is merciful and hears our prayers, granting us remission of sins through them. Therefore, we can pray for the deceased. Moreover, from Church Tradition we know that some days in the afterlife of a person will be especially important and difficult for him. It is on these days that a person’s soul meets God, his posthumous fate is decided, he revisits the days of his earthly life and often suffers from his sins, from memories of moments when he could not refuse the temptation to commit something unrighteous. What is happening with the soul these days? How can you help the deceased?
  9 days after death – the meaning in Orthodoxy
  3 days, 9 days after death, 40 days … These dates are an important moment for the soul of the deceased person. According to Church Tradition, up to 3 days after death, the soul stays next to the body. She has already passed into a new state, but has not yet completely left this world. On the third day, the soul of a person goes to the Lord, where he can see heavenly abodes. On the ninth day, the soul appears before God and can find out what hell is, eternal life without the Lord. At 9th day for the soul of man comes the time of purification. Being without the support of loved ones on this day can be hard for the soul. A person’s posthumous memory is preserved, his soul knows and remembers that in earthly life there are people who can pray for him. Memory is a part of the human personality and nowhere is it said that when getting to heaven, the human soul completely loses its connection with this world. Especially ahead of a terrible meeting with the abode of hell. This meeting lasts longer, because the Kingdom of Heaven is entered by “the narrow gate.” The hellish abodes are much larger than the heavenly ones. But the fortieth day will determine the further fate of a person until the Last Judgment, the soul of the deceased will remain in Paradise or in hell until the moment the Lord comes to “judge the living and the dead”, and a new world will come. During the Last Judgment, where the fate of all people will be finally decided, they will be resurrected.
  Read also – Funeral
  What happens to the soul of the deceased on the 9th day after death
  Journey through heaven and hell is a figurative concept. We do not know for sure how God and the human soul meet after death. In earthly life, a person cannot see God, so there is no doubt that after traveling through heavenly abodes, meeting with God is a responsible and important moment. The Guardian Angel led the person through the Kingdom of Heaven and, behold, the person is worshiped by the Heavenly Father. Man is imperfect, in earthly life he committed many sins. And it is difficult for the soul to endure the meeting with the perfect Creator. Superstitious notions often depict hell as a place with frying pans and boiling cauldrons. In fact, we know only figuratively that we are waiting for a person who does not end up in Paradise. We only know for sure that life without God is a torment for a person, and all the good that we have in this earthly and future life is from God. We don’t have a definite promise. 3 days, 9days after death and 40 days after death are numbers that appear frequently in the Bible. Perhaps 9 days after death is a very long time in our understanding, but we perceive days as earthly time, heavenly time can go in a completely different way. You need to calculate 9 days after death correctly. The usual mathematical method (adding 9 days to the day a person dies) is the wrong way. To correctly calculate 9 days from the date of death, we need to take into account the date on which the person died. Even if it happened at 11 pm. If a person dies on November 4, 91st day from the date of death – November 12. Be sure to take into account the date of death, if the death occurred during the day on November 4, this day is also taken into account when calculating. For certain, about the 9th day after death, the 40th day after death, we know one thing – these milestones become special and most important for the soul of a person in his afterlife.
  Commemoration on the 9th day after death
  The best thing for the soul of a deceased person is to go to the cemetery on the 9th day, ask the priest to perform a memorial service. Of course, you can pray for the soul of a person and privately. We don’t know exactly how our prayer works. Arguing about such things, one can only make assumptions, but the Church unequivocally says that prayer these days alleviates the lot of the deceased and gives comfort to the relatives and loved ones of a person who has passed away into eternal life. There are various prejudices and superstitions that say that on 9the day after death one should not visit the cemetery. But all claims that this is a bad omen or that it can somehow harm a person’s soul are not true. The Church resolutely rejects superstitious beliefs that are not based on Church Tradition. The experience of the Church suggests that a person can go to the cemetery, or not go if he does not have such an opportunity. The main thing is to pray for the soul of the deceased.
  9 days after death – what should the relatives of the deceased do
  The death of a loved one or relative always gives rise to grief. God created us for eternal life, which is why death is perceived by our minds as something abnormal, contrary to human nature, frightening and wrong. “Death is the only penance that not a single person has escaped,” the priests say. With death, we pay for the imperfection of this world, in which we found ourselves as a result of Original Sin. Our body is forcibly separated from the soul and, of course, this is a test for both the deceased and his loved ones. The human soul will pass into eternity in the state in which death found it. We never know when we will move into God, which is why we need to try to live worthy and righteous throughout our lives. But Christians have consolation. We know that our Lord, Jesus Christ “trampled death by death.” The Lord took our sins upon Himself so that we could enter into eternal life. He conquered death. By His grace, God has given us the opportunity to help the soul of a person who himself can no longer help himself by repentance. Paisius Svyatogorets said “the best memorial service for the deceased is the correction of one’s own life.” Therefore, sincere prayer, without a formal approach, is pleasing to God, and we can really still help our loved ones if we pray for them after their death.
  If you are unable to invite a priest, you can read a litia for a lay person about the deceased. There is a special rite of lithium, which is performed by the laity in private and at the cemetery. Despite the fact that we cannot know exactly what our prayer gives to the soul of the deceased, we have some spiritual experience that the Russian Orthodox Church has accumulated and we know that God always hears our prayers. He also sees a sincere desire to help the deceased, the love of neighbors for a person who has passed into the new world.
  In our prayers for the deceased, we ask that on the 9th day after death, when meeting with God, the soul of a person will receive indescribable joy and consolation, and not sorrow for his unworthy life.
  Read also – Radonitsa: Dying is not normal
  What prayers to read on the 9th day after death from the order of lithium, which is read by the clergy.
  Here is a litany that the laity can also read:
  Through the prayers of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ our God, have mercy on us. Amen.
  Glory to Thee, our God, glory to Thee.
  Heavenly King, Comforter, Soul of Truth, Who is everywhere and fills everything, Treasury of good things and Giver of life, come and dwell in us, and cleanse us from all filth, and save, O Blessed, our souls.
  Holy God, Holy Strong, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us. (Three times)
  Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and forever and forever and ever. Amen.
  Holy Trinity, have mercy on us; Lord, cleanse our sins; Lord, forgive our iniquities; Holy One, visit and heal our infirmities, for Your name’s sake.
  Lord have mercy. (Three times)
  Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and forever and forever and ever. Amen.
  Our Father, Who art in heaven! Hallowed be Thy name, Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, as in heaven and on earth. Give us our daily bread today; and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.
  Lord have mercy. (12 times)
  Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. And now and forever and forever and ever. Amen.
  Come, let us worship our King God. (Bow)
  Come, let us bow down and bow down to Christ, our King God. (Bow)
  Come, let us worship and bow down to Christ Himself, the King and our God. (Bow)
  Psalm 90
  Alive in the help of the Most High, in the blood of the God of Heaven will settle. The Lord says: Thou art my intercessor, and my refuge, my God, and I trust in Him. As if He will deliver thee from the snares of the net and from the rebellious word, His splash will overshadow thee, and under His wings you hope: His truth will be your weapon. Do not be afraid of the fear of the night, from the arrow flying in the days, from the thing in the darkness of the transient, from the scum and the demon of the noonday. A thousand will fall from your country, and the darkness at your right hand will not come close to you: both look at your eyes, and see the reward of sinners. As you, O Lord, are my hope, the Most High have laid down your refuge. Evil will not come to you, and the wound will not come near your body. Like an angel to command you about you, keep you in all your ways. They will take you in their hands, but not when you stomp your foot on a stone. Step on the asp and the basilisk, and cross the lion and the serpent. For I have trusted in Me, and I will deliver; I will cover and, as if I knew my name. He will call to Me, and I will hear him; I am with him in affliction, I will crush him, and I will glorify him; I will fulfill him with length of days, and I will show him my salvation.
  Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and forever and forever and ever. Amen.
  Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia, glory to Thee, God. (Three times)
  Troparion, tone 4:
  From the spirits of the righteous who have died, the soul of Thy servant, Savior, rest in peace, keeping me in a blessed life, even with Thee, Lover of mankind.
  In Thy rest, O Lord, where all Thy saints rest, rest also the soul of Thy servant, for Thou alone art the Lover of mankind.
  Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.
  Thou art God, descended into hell, and loosed the bonds of the shackled, Thyself and the soul of Thy servant rest.
  And now and forever and forever and ever. Amen.
  One Pure and immaculate Virgin, who gave birth to God without seed, pray that his soul be saved.
  Sedalen, voice 5:
  Rest, our Savior, with Thy righteous servant, and this instilled in Thy courts, as it is written, despising, as Good, his sins, voluntary and involuntary, and all even in the knowledge and not in the knowledge, Lover of mankind.
  Kontakion, tone 8:
  With the saints give rest, O Christ, to the soul of Thy servant, where there is no sickness, no sorrow, no sighing, but endless life.
  Ikos:
  Thou art the One Immortal, having created and created man, we will be created from the earth, and we will go to the earth there, as you commanded, creating me and river mi: like the earth you are, and you will go to the earth, or maybe all people will go, weeping tomb song: alleluia, alleluia, alleluia.
  It is worthy to eat as truly blessed Thee, the Mother of God, the Blessed and Immaculate and Mother of our God. The most honest Cherubim and the most glorious without comparison Seraphim, without the corruption of God the Word, who gave birth to the real Mother of God, we magnify Thee.
  Glory to the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and forever and forever and ever. Amen.
  Lord have mercy (Thrice) bless.
  Through the prayers of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ our God, have mercy on us. Amen.
  In blessed sleep, grant eternal rest, O Lord, to your departed servant (name) , and create an eternal memory for him.
  Eternal memory. (Three times)
  His soul will dwell in the good, and his memory will be for generation and generation.
  Read also
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Labor Code of the Russian Federation Article 94. Duration of daily work (shift) \ ConsultantPlus
A revised version of the document has been prepared with changes that have not entered into force
Labor Code of the Russian Federation Article 94. Duration of daily work (shift)
Guide to personnel issues. Issues of application of Art. 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation
– Establishing the duration of daily work (shift)
– The maximum daily work rate for certain categories of workers
– Hours of work for disabled people
Duration of daily work (shift) cannot exceed:
for employees (including persons receiving general education or secondary vocational education and working during the holidays) aged fourteen to fifteen years – 4 hours , at the age of fifteen to sixteen years – 5 hours, at the age of sixteen to eighteen years – 7 hours;
(as amended by Federal Law No. 139 of July 1, 2017-FZ)
(see the text in the previous edition)
for persons receiving general education or secondary vocational education and combining education with work during the academic year, aged fourteen to sixteen years – 2.5 hours, age from sixteen to eighteen years – 4 hours;
(as amended by Federal Law No. 139-FZ of July 1, 2017)
(see the text in the previous edition)
for disabled people – in accordance with a medical certificate issued in accordance with the procedure established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation.
(as amended by Federal Law No. 90-FZ of 30.06.2006)
(see the text in the previous edition)
time, the maximum allowable duration of daily work (shift) cannot exceed:
with a 36-hour working week – 8 hours;
with a 30-hour work week or less – 6 hours.
An industry (inter-industry) agreement and a collective agreement, as well as with the written consent of the employee, drawn up by concluding a separate agreement to the employment contract, may provide for an increase in the maximum allowable duration of daily work (shift) compared to the duration of daily work (shift), established by part two of this article for employees engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, subject to the maximum weekly working hours established in accordance with parts one – three of article 92 of this Code:
with a 36-hour working week – up to 12 hours;
with a 30-hour work week or less – up to 8 hours.