Photos of prolapsed bladder: Pictures, Symptoms, Surgery & Exercises
Prolapsed Bladder Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors
- Causes of a Prolapsed Bladder
- Symptoms of a Prolapsed Bladder
- When to Seek Medical Care for a Prolapsed Bladder
- Exams and Tests for a Prolapsed Bladder
- Prolapsed Bladder Treatment
- Prolapsed Bladder Care at Home
- Medications for Prolapsed Bladder
- Prolapsed Bladder Surgery
- Other Therapy for Prolapsed Bladder
- Follow-up for Prolapsed Bladder
- Prolapsed Bladder Prevention
- Outlook for a Prolapsed Bladder
- Multimedia
- More
The bladder is a hollow organ in the pelvis that stores urine. The pressure created when the bladder fills with urine is what causes the urge to urinate. During urination, the urine travels from the bladder and out the body through the urethra.
In women, the front wall of the vagina supports the bladder. This wall can weaken or loosen with age.
Significant bodily stress such as childbirth can also damage this part of the vaginal wall. If it deteriorates enough, the bladder can prolapse, meaning it is no longer supported and descends into the vagina. This may trigger problems such as urinary difficulties, discomfort, and stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by sneezing, coughing, and exertion, for example).
Prolapsed bladders (also called cystoceles or fallen bladders) are separated into four grades based on how far the bladder droops into the vagina.
- Grade 1 (mild): Only a small portion of the bladder droops into the vagina.
- Grade 2 (moderate): The bladder droops enough to be able to reach the opening of the vagina.
- Grade 3 (severe): The bladder protrudes from the body through the vaginal opening.
- Grade 4 (complete): The entire bladder protrudes completely outside the vagina; usually associated with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse (uterine prolapse, rectocele, enterocele).
Prolapsed bladders are commonly associated with menopause.
Prior to menopause, women’s bodies create the hormone estrogen, which helps keep the muscles in and around the vagina strong. Women’s bodies stop creating as much estrogen after menopause, and those muscles tend to weaken as a result.
The following factors are commonly associated with causing a prolapsed bladder:
- Childbirth: This is the most common cause of a prolapsed bladder. The delivery process is stressful on the vaginal tissues and muscles, which support a woman’s bladder.
- Menopause: Estrogen, a hormone that helps maintain the strength and health of muscles in the vagina, is not produced after menopause.
- Straining: Lifting heavy objects, straining during bowel movements, having a long-term condition that involves coughing, or having long-term constipation may damage the muscles of the pelvic floor.
The first symptom that women with a prolapsed bladder usually notice is the presence of tissue in the vagina that many women describe as something that feels like a ball.
Other symptoms of a prolapsed bladder include the following:
- Discomfort or pain in the pelvis
- Tissue protruding from the vagina (The tissue may be tender and may bleed.)
- Difficulty urinating
- A feeling that the bladder is not empty immediately after urinating (incomplete voiding)
- Stress incontinence (urine leakage during sneezing, coughing, or exertion)
- More frequent bladder infections
- Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Low back pain
Some women may not experience or notice symptoms of a mild (grade 1) prolapsed bladder.
Any woman who notices symptoms of a prolapsed bladder should see their doctor. A prolapsed bladder is commonly associated with prolapses of other organs within a woman’s pelvis. Thus, timely medical care is recommended to evaluate for and to prevent problematic symptoms and complications caused by weakening tissue and muscle in the vagina. Prolapsed organs cannot heal themselves, and most worsen over time.
Several treatments are available to correct a prolapsed bladder.
An exam of the female genitalia and pelvis, known as a pelvic exam, is required in order to diagnose a prolapsed bladder. A bladder that has entered the vagina confirms the diagnosis.
For less obvious cases, the doctor may use a voiding cystourethrogram to help with the diagnosis. A voiding cystourethrogram is a series of X-rays that are taken during urination. These help the doctor determine the shape of the bladder and the cause of urinary difficulty. The doctor may also test or take X-rays of different parts of the abdomen to rule out other possible causes of discomfort or urinary difficulty.
After diagnosis, the doctor may test the nerves, muscles, and the intensity of the urine stream to help decide what type of treatment is appropriate.
A test called urodynamics or video urodynamics may be performed at the doctor’s discretion. These tests are sometimes referred to as “EKGs of the bladder”. Urodynamics measures pressure and volume relationships in the bladder and may be crucial in the decision making of the urologist.
Cystoscopy (looking into the bladder with a scope) may also be performed to identify treatment options. This test is an outpatient office procedure that is sometimes performed on a television screen so the person can see what the urologist sees. Cystoscopy has little risk and is tolerable for the vast majority of people.
A mild (grade 1) prolapsed bladder that produces no pain or discomfort usually requires no medical or surgical treatment. The doctor may recommend that a woman with a grade 1 prolapsed bladder should avoid heavy lifting or straining, although there is little evidence to support this recommendation.
For cases that are more serious, the doctor takes into account various factors, such as the woman’s age, general health, treatment preference, and the severity of the prolapsed bladder to determine which treatment is appropriate.
Nonsurgical treatments for a prolapsed bladder include the following:
- Pessary: A pessary is a device that is placed within the vagina to hold the bladder in place.
Pessaries must be removed and cleaned at regular intervals to prevent infection. Some pessaries are designed to allow the woman to do this themselves. A doctor must remove and clean other types. Estrogen cream is commonly used along with a pessary to help prevent infection and vaginal wall erosion. Some women find that pessaries are uncomfortable or that they easily fall out. - Estrogen replacement therapy: Many women with prolapsed bladders may benefit from this therapy. Estrogen helps strengthen and maintain muscles in the vagina.
Pessaries must be removed and cleaned at regular intervals to prevent infection. Some pessaries are designed to allow the woman to do this themselves. A doctor must remove and clean other types. Estrogen cream is commonly used along with a pessary to help prevent infection and vaginal wall erosion. Some women find that pessaries are uncomfortable or that they easily fall out.For mild-to-moderate cases of prolapsed bladder, the doctor may recommend activity modification such as avoiding heavy lifting or straining. The doctor may also recommend Kegel exercises. These are exercises used to tighten the muscles of the pelvic floor. Kegel exercises might be used to treat mild-to-moderate prolapses or to supplement other treatments for prolapses that are more serious.
Estrogen replacement therapy may be used for a prolapsed bladder to help the body strengthen the tissues in and around the vagina.
Estrogen replacement therapy can’t be used by everyone (such as in people with certain types of cancer). Women’s bodies stop creating as much estrogen naturally after menopause, and the muscles of the vagina may weaken as a result. In mild cases of prolapsed bladder, estrogen may be prescribed in an attempt to reverse bladder prolapse symptoms, such as vaginal weakening and incontinence. For more severe degrees of prolapse, estrogen replacement therapy may be used along with other types of treatment.
Estrogen can be administered orally as a pill or topically as a patch or cream. The cream has very little systemic absorption and has a potent effect locally where it is applied. Topical administration has less risk than the oral preparations. The application of estrogens to the anterior vagina and urethral area may be very helpful in alleviating urinary symptoms, such as urgency and frequency, even if you have a prolapsed bladder.
Severe prolapsed bladders that cannot be managed with a pessary usually require surgery to correct them.
Prolapsed bladder surgery is usually performed through the vagina, and the goal is to secure the bladder in its correct position. The bladder is repaired with an incision in the vaginal wall. The prolapsed area is closed and the wall is strengthened.
Depending on the procedure, surgery can be performed while the woman is under general, regional, or local anesthesia. For smaller surgeries, many women go home the same day of surgery.
Various materials have been used to strengthen pelvic weakness associated with prolapsed bladder.
The risks of placing mesh through the vagina to repair pelvic organ prolapse may outweigh its benefits, according to the FDA. However, the use of mesh may be appropriate in some situations. A surgeon should explain in detail the risks, benefits, and potential complications of these materials and they should explain about the procedure itself before proceeding with the surgery.
After surgery, most women can expect to return to a normal level of activity after six weeks.
However, surgeons may recommend reducing or eliminating activities that cause straining for up to six months.
Physical therapy such as electrical stimulation and biofeedback may be used for a prolapsed bladder to help strengthen the muscles in the pelvis.
- Electrical stimulation: A doctor can apply a probe to targeted muscles within the vagina or on the pelvic floor. The probe is attached to a device that measures and delivers small electrical currents that contract the muscles. These contractions help strengthen the muscles. A less intrusive type of electrical stimulation is available that magnetically stimulates the pudendal nerve from outside the body. This activates the muscles of the pelvic floor and may help treat incontinence.
- Biofeedback: A sensor is used to monitor muscle activity in the vagina and on the pelvic floor. The doctor can recommend exercises that can strengthen these muscles. These exercises may help strengthen the muscles to reverse or relieve some symptoms related to a prolapsed bladder. The sensor can monitor the muscular contractions during the exercises, and the doctor may be able to determine if the targeted muscles would benefit from the exercises.
The sensor can monitor the muscular contractions during the exercises, and the doctor may be able to determine if the targeted muscles would benefit from the exercises.A woman undergoing treatment should schedule follow-up visits with their doctor to evaluate progress. Pessaries need to be removed and cleaned at regular intervals to prevent complications.
To prevent a prolapsed bladder, a high-fiber diet and a daily intake of plenty of fluids can reduce a person’s risk of developing constipation. Straining during bowel movements should be avoided, if possible. Women with long-term constipation should seek medical attention in order to lessen the chance of developing a prolapsed bladder.
Heavy lifting is associated with prolapsed bladder and should be avoided, if possible.
Obesity is a risk factor for developing a prolapsed bladder. Weight control may help prevent this condition from developing.
A prolapsed bladder is rarely a life-threatening condition.
Most cases that are mild can be treated without surgery, and most severe prolapsed bladders can be completely corrected with surgery.
Media file 1: Line drawing indicating the relationship between the kidney, ureters, and bladder.
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5 Things I Wish All Women Knew About Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) doesn’t get talked about much. One reason is that women often feel shame or confusion about the condition or its treatments.
And a lot of women have never even heard of it. As an ob-gyn, I’m working to change all of this.
POP happens when one or more pelvic organs (the vagina, uterus, bladder, urethra, small intestine, and rectum) drop from their normal position. (Read Pelvic Support Problems for all the details.) It’s caused by a weak pelvic floor, the collection of muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues that hold these organs in place.
When a pelvic organ drops, it may bulge into another organ. In some cases, the organ may bulge out of the vagina. Women may accidentally leak urine or bowel contents (stool), or their vagina may make noises during exercise or sex. These symptoms and others can be isolating. Some women don’t seek treatment until they start having serious problems with bladder, bowel, or sexual function.
Ob-gyns and urogynecologists, who specialize in pelvic floor disorders, can help. I treat women with POP regularly in my practice. Many come to me after sharing their symptoms with a mother, sister, or friend who went through the same thing and told them how they got help.
Here are five things I’d like all women to know about POP.
1. If you have POP, you’re not alone.
POP affects 1 in 4 women in their 40s and 1 in 3 in their 60s. By the time women reach their 80s, POP affects half of all women.
It’s often caused by changes during pregnancy and childbirth that weaken the pelvic floor. But women who have never given birth can have POP too. It runs in families and can be caused by many factors, including
aging
changes in hormones with menopause
obesity
diseases that weaken connective tissue, including genetic disorders
pelvic floor injuries
hysterectomy
Other conditions and habits that strain pelvic floor muscles also can lead to POP. These include
ongoing constipation and straining during bowel movements
continual coughing caused by smoking or lung disease
very high-impact exercise or jobs that require heavy lifting
2.
There are many symptoms of POP, which usually develop over time.
Occasionally POP happens suddenly. For example, a woman could be doing squats at the gym that cause the last bit of support from weak connective tissue to give way. Then she’ll see something pink hanging out of her vagina.
[Videos: Understanding Pelvic Organ Prolapse]
More often, POP starts with symptoms such as leaking urine or not being able to empty the bladder completely. You may have back pressure or pain. Sex may hurt. You may have a feeling of laxity (looseness) within the vagina, or you may have more difficulty reaching orgasm.
POP can worsen or lead to constipation. If a woman’s rectum has bulged into her vagina, she may have other bowel problems. For example, she may need to insert her fingers into her vagina and push against the walls of the vagina to move stool out through the anus.
3. We have good treatment options for POP, but you may not need all of them.
Women should work with a urogynecologist or pelvic floor specialist to match treatment with their needs and wishes.
And if POP isn’t bothering you, you may not need any treatment at all.
There are a few things you can do that may help you feel or function better. These include
adding fiber to your diet and drinking lots of water to make bowel movements easier
losing a few pounds if needed to take pressure off pelvic organs
doing exercises such as yoga and Pilates to build core strength
Then there are other treatments we can explore:
Pessaries—You may get all the relief you need with these simple devices that fit inside your vagina and support pelvic organs. Pessaries often help with bulging symptoms and leaking urine.
Pelvic floor exercises—Kegel exercises strengthen muscles around the vagina, urethra, and rectum. But many women do them incorrectly. They push down instead of pulling up, which can make POP worse.
A pelvic floor physical therapist can use sensors to measure your muscle strength and teach you to do the exercises correctly. There also are similar devices you can buy to use at home.Surgery—You may need surgery if POP affects your quality of life. Many women are bothered when an organ bulges out of the vagina. It can feel like you’ve got a tampon half in and half out. Or it may be time to consider surgery if you’re leaking urine or stool, have pain, or can no longer hold in a pessary. (Read Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.)
A pelvic floor physical therapist can use sensors to measure your muscle strength and teach you to do the exercises correctly. There also are similar devices you can buy to use at home.4. See a board-certified urogynecologist if you can.
They are experts in pelvic floor health and function. Together you can discuss all the treatment options for POP.
Although POP rarely gets talked about, there’s heavy marketing of cosmetic procedures such as vaginal rejuvenation. Women hear about these procedures and think or are told they can help with POP symptoms. This is not true.
They actually can be harmful.
These cosmetic procedures are not meant to fix your pelvic floor function. Insurance doesn’t cover them. I’ve had patients who have paid thousands of dollars for cosmetic procedures that give them no relief. Remember, POP is a medical condition with treatment that should be covered by insurance (even surgery).
5. The postpartum period is a good time to check your pelvic floor health.
The “fourth trimester,” or the weeks after pregnancy, is a great opportunity to talk with your ob-gyn about any changes in your pelvic muscles.
It’s also a good time for care that may help prevent POP. This could mean seeing a pelvic floor therapist, changing your diet to help with constipation or weight loss, or using a pessary.
Remember, your pelvic floor health is an important part of your overall well-being. Together with your ob-gyn, you can give your pelvic floor the attention and care that you need.
Published: December 2021
Last reviewed: December 2021
Copyright 2023 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
All rights reserved. Read copyright and permissions information.
This information is designed as an educational aid for the public. It offers current information and opinions related to women’s health. It is not intended as a statement of the standard of care. It does not explain all of the proper treatments or methods of care. It is not a substitute for the advice of a physician. Read ACOG’s complete disclaimer.
Cystocele – symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease in Hadassah
Methods for diagnosing cystocele
It will not be possible to identify the pathology on your own. Diagnosis of cystocele begins with the procedures:
Examination on a gynecological chair
the doctor may ask the patient to tighten the peritoneum or cough, but in the later stages the problem is visible even without this
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs
which helps to determine their location, identify concomitant diseases
Comprehensive urodynamic assessment of bladder function
Treatment options for cystocele
Treatment of cystocele should be immediate.
The sooner therapy is started, the lower the likelihood of complications. In the initial stages, therapy consists of performing exercises that strengthen the muscles. Pessaries, devices that artificially hold the walls of the vagina and prevent displacement of the bladder, will help to temporarily improve the situation.
If the cystocele is caused by low estrogen levels, hormonal treatment is given. Usually such a measure is necessary for patients with menopause. For better absorption of estrogen, creams or suppositories containing it are used. In advanced stages, only surgery is indicated. It helps to restore the functionality of the reproductive and urinary systems. There are the following types of operations:
- Transvaginal – intervention through the vagina, no stitches remain on the body.
- Transabdominal – the operation is performed through the anterior wall of the peritoneum with a laparoscopic or abdominal incision.
During the operation, the pelvic floor diaphragm is strengthened.
For this, the patient’s tissues or special implants are used. Also, the doctor can put several stitches at once to strengthen their own tissues. Keep in mind that the treatment regimen is individual and depends on the characteristics of the pathological process.
#IlyinAA
Ilyin
Anton Alekseevich
Leading surgeon, oncologist, gynecologist, Ph.D.
Work experience: 13 years
Published: 06/21/2023
The information provided on the site is for reference only and cannot serve as a basis for making a diagnosis or prescribing treatment. Internal consultation of the expert is necessary.
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| Removal of a neoplasm of the vulva (4th degree of complexity) | 590,000 ₽ | |
| Dissection of adhesions, laparoscopic chromohydrotubation | 140,000 ₽ | |
| Laparoscopic chromohydrotubation (addition to surgery) | 90,000 ₽ | |
| Plastic surgery of the labia minora (labioplasty) | 65,000 ₽ | |
| Laparoscopic sacrovaginopexy | 300 000 ₽ | |
| cysts, abscesses of the Bartholin gland | 53 000 ₽ | |
| 7 Abdominal lymphadenectomy 9 | ||
| Ovarian resection using video endoscopic technologies 7 93 000 ₽ | ||
| Surgical defloration | 35 000 ₽ | |
| Surgical intervention of tumors small pelvis (1 degree of complexity) | 80 000 ₽ | |
| Surgical intervention of tumors of the small pelvis (2 degree of complexity) | 150 000 ₽ | |
| Surgical intervention of small pelvic tumors (3rd degree of complexity) ) | 400 000 ₽ | |
| Surgery for tumors small pelvis (5 degree of complexity) | 500 000 ₽ |
Comprehensive programs
Prolapse of the pelvic organs (Pelvic organ prolapse)
Up to half of the women in the world suffer from pelvic prolapse [1].
Manifestations can be very different, from urinary incontinence when coughing to uterine prolapse. Any complaints require treatment, up to surgery. How is the reconstruction of the pelvic floor and what this operation gives, says Stanislav Stalikovich Dzhauari, obstetrician-gynecologist of the City Clinical Hospital No. 15 named after. O.M. Filatov, holder of the status of “Moscow Doctor”.
What is pelvic organ prolapse?
This is a condition in which the musculoskeletal apparatus of the pelvic organs weakens: the uterus, bladder, intestines. As a result, prolapse (omission) of these organs occurs in the vagina and outside it. This state is not static, it is always progressing.
There are several types of pelvic organ prolapse:
- Cystocele (bladder prolapse)
- Rectocele (rectal prolapse)
- Enterocele (prolapse of loops of the small intestine)
- Uterine prolapse
At what stage is the operation necessary?
It is impossible to talk about a specific stage, everything is individual and depends on the complaints that a woman makes.
- 1. With prolapse, there is a change in the biocenosis of the vagina: normally, its mucosa should be protected, but when the vagina protrudes, this system is disturbed, which leads to discharge, erosion, ulcers.
- 2. Violation of anatomy always leads to dysfunction. There may be conditions associated with dysuria – a violation of urination. This is both urinary incontinence and an overactive bladder (the so-called “door handle” symptom, when a person ran to the toilet, just opens the door – and that’s it, involuntary urination occurred).
- 3. There may be a symptom complex associated with impaired bowel movement: chronic constipation, pain during defecation.
- 4. Sensation of a foreign body in the vagina.
- 5. Psychological discomfort.
Depending on the specific complaints and anamnesis, the question of the need for intervention and the form of treatment is decided.
What are the surgical options for pelvic organ prolapse?
Methods for the treatment of prolapse have been around for a century and a half.
Surgeons are always on the lookout, because, on the one hand, the pelvic region is under tremendous stress, on the other hand, it is a limited space in which there are vital organs, a huge number of nerve endings and vascular structures. And you need to find the optimal treatment so as not to disrupt the blood supply and innervation (provision of nerve cells – ed.) of one or another organ.
In the 1980s, surgeons sewed their own ligaments together to eliminate prolapse, but this led to excessive tissue tension and pain. Then we borrowed a technique from surgeons using mesh prostheses. This is nothing new: Prolene sutures have been used before, for example, in cardiac surgery for suturing heart vessels. At some point, we came to huge mesh prostheses. There was a theory that the more threads, the better the “support” for the organs. They were passed through the tissues of the small pelvis, tied at one point – and again the woman felt discomfort: under heavy loads, traumatization of all involved structures occurred.
We don’t need big mesh dentures now. Enough mesh, 1-1.5 cm wide, consisting of prolene threads. It is installed where there is a main problem of omission. We pass it through the reference points and it, like an armature, holds the prolapsing organ.
If a woman has both pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence, what is the first treatment?
We, surgeons, say: restored the anatomy – little by little the function will be restored. As a rule, when the prolapse is eliminated, urination is also restored. If this does not happen, then we install urosling to correct urinary incontinence.
What is Urosling and how does it work?
Urosling is a thin strip that is wound under the neck of the bladder and urethra, like a support. This prevents involuntary loss of urine.
Speaking of incontinence, we mean stress incontinence, when a woman loses urine through coughing, exercise, sports. This happens due to a violation of the angle between the neck of the bladder and the urethral canal.
In these situations, we install urosling: it works as a muscular-connective tissue scaffold that strengthens the urogenital diaphragm and creates a fixed angle that prevents excessive mobility of the urethra.
Urosling eliminates defects that arose due to genetic predisposition and were triggered by life circumstances: traumatic childbirth, physical exertion, diseases leading to increased pressure in the pelvic cavity (chronic constipation, bronchial asthma, etc.).
Many women wear a pessary when their uterus prolapses and are afraid of surgery. Is it correct?
A pessary is a palliative, a temporary remedy to quickly help a woman. This is a foreign body that requires constant care, change, re-installation. In older women, the vaginal flora is already disturbed, the mucous membrane is changed, ulcerative defects may occur, and the pessary only exacerbates the problem. On an ongoing basis, we can recommend it in rare cases when, due to a severe extragenital disease, a woman cannot undergo pelvic floor reconstruction surgery.
If the patient’s uterus has already been removed, but the prolapse has not disappeared, what should I do?
Every month about a dozen women come to us who have previously had their uterus removed to solve the problem of prolapse. In fact, this is not only not eliminating the problem, but also causing harm. The uterus is the same “silent witness” of prolapse as the bladder, intestines. It weighs only 30-50 grams and cannot be the cause of omission: with an elementary cough, the load is much stronger than from the weight of this organ.
According to this logic, we must remove both the bladder and the rectum after the uterus. In a word, it is not the uterus that needs to be removed, but the problem: to strengthen the musculo-ligamentous complex of the pelvic floor with the help of a mesh implant. This is also possible after the removal of the uterus. However, in this case, the operation is more complicated: we have to create something similar to the cervix from the tissues and sew a part of the prosthesis mesh to it.
Another fear of patients is associated with the presence of a foreign body in the body. Is it possible to do without installing a mesh implant and limit yourself to suturing your own tissues?
If a woman comes with a prolapse problem, it means that she has an incompetent ligamentous apparatus. Among the reasons in the first place is the genetic weakness of the connective tissue. We can take in, strengthen the ligamentous apparatus of the small pelvis, but we cannot fully rely on it. On the other hand, there are situations when one cannot rely on a mesh prosthesis alone. Then we combine its installation with suturing our own ligamentous apparatus. In a word, everything is decided individually and comprehensively.
How is the mesh implant surgery performed?
The woman arrives the day before, she is being prepared for the operation. The next day we perform the operation under spinal anesthesia. The prosthesis itself is installed using a minimally invasive technique, through micro-punctures in the vagina.
On the same day, the patient can sit down, get up, walk. In case of urinary incontinence the next day, we check whether the problem has been resolved. If not, then with the help of adjusting threads we can adjust the degree of tension. On the second day, if everything is fine, the patient is discharged.
Now there are adjustable prostheses that we can tighten or loosen depending on the situation. About 7-8 years ago, this was not possible: the woman either continued to lose urine after the operation, or, on the contrary, could not urinate on her own or did it in small portions, with pain.
Should the mesh prosthesis be replaced later?
No, it is installed permanently. Over time, the threads are covered with proteins, a connective tissue film and, delimiting themselves from other tissues, provide reliable fixation of the prolapsing point.
Is there any pain after the operation?
Pain depends on the degree of tension and tissue defects.
In the postoperative period, pain may occur, but is relieved by the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (“standard” pain relief). As a rule, within a day everything passes. The very next day after the operation, the woman begins to live a normal life.
Can I have a baby after a mesh implant?
Yes, it will not interfere with the birth process – neither natural nor by caesarean section. For this, an operation is performed so that a woman can live a full life: play sports, work, get pregnant, give birth, raise children.
Are such operations available under the CHI policy?
Yes, but mesh prostheses and other devices do not need to be specially purchased.
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