What are the main causes of vaginal yeast infections. How can you recognize the symptoms of a yeast infection. What are the most effective treatments for vaginal yeast infections. When should you see a doctor for a yeast infection. How can you prevent recurring yeast infections.

What is a Vaginal Yeast Infection?

A vaginal yeast infection, also known as vaginal candidiasis, is a common fungal infection that affects many women at some point in their lives. It occurs when there is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans in the vagina. While small amounts of yeast normally live in the vagina without causing issues, certain factors can lead to an imbalance, resulting in uncomfortable symptoms.

Key Facts About Vaginal Yeast Infections

• Affects up to 75% of women at least once in their lifetime
• Caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungus
• Not considered a sexually transmitted infection
• Can occur in women of all ages, but most common during reproductive years
• Usually easily treatable with over-the-counter or prescription medications

Common Causes and Risk Factors for Yeast Infections

Understanding the causes and risk factors for vaginal yeast infections can help you take steps to prevent them. While the presence of Candida in the vagina is normal, certain conditions can lead to overgrowth:

Main Causes of Yeast Infections

• Antibiotic use
• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menstruation, or hormone therapy)
• High blood sugar levels (diabetes)
• Weakened immune system
• Use of douches or vaginal sprays
• Tight, non-breathable clothing

Do certain medications increase the risk of yeast infections? Yes, antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, allowing yeast to overgrow. Additionally, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy can alter hormone levels, creating an environment conducive to yeast growth.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Vaginal Yeast Infection

Identifying the symptoms of a yeast infection is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. While symptoms can vary from person to person, there are several common signs to watch for:

Common Symptoms of Vaginal Yeast Infections

• Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Vaginal pain and soreness
• Thick, white, odorless discharge with a cottage cheese-like appearance
• Watery vaginal discharge

How soon do symptoms appear after infection? Symptoms of a yeast infection typically develop within a few days of the fungal overgrowth. However, in some cases, it may take up to a week for noticeable symptoms to manifest.

Diagnosing Vaginal Yeast Infections

Proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of vaginal yeast infections. While some women may self-diagnose based on symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis, especially if it’s your first yeast infection or if symptoms persist despite treatment.

Diagnostic Methods for Yeast Infections

1. Medical history and symptom review
2. Pelvic examination
3. Vaginal pH testing
4. Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge
5. Fungal culture in cases of recurrent or resistant infections

Can a yeast infection be mistaken for other conditions? Yes, symptoms of yeast infections can be similar to those of other vaginal infections or sexually transmitted diseases. This is why professional diagnosis is important, especially if you’re experiencing symptoms for the first time or if they differ from your previous yeast infections.

Effective Treatments for Vaginal Yeast Infections

Once diagnosed, vaginal yeast infections are generally easy to treat. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and whether it’s a first-time or recurrent infection.

Over-the-Counter Treatments

• Miconazole (Monistat)
• Clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin)
• Tioconazole (Vagistat-1)

Prescription Treatments

• Fluconazole (Diflucan) – oral antifungal
• Terconazole – vaginal cream or suppository
• Butoconazole – vaginal cream

How long does it take for a yeast infection to clear up with treatment? Most yeast infections clear up within a few days to a week with proper treatment. However, it’s important to complete the full course of medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the treatment is finished.

Preventing Recurrent Yeast Infections

While it’s not always possible to prevent yeast infections entirely, certain lifestyle changes and habits can reduce your risk of recurrent infections:

Tips for Preventing Yeast Infections

• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoid tight-fitting pants or pantyhose
• Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
• Avoid douching or using scented feminine hygiene products
• Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom
• Maintain good blood sugar control if you have diabetes
• Consider probiotics to support vaginal health

Can dietary changes help prevent yeast infections? Some studies suggest that reducing sugar intake and consuming probiotic-rich foods may help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome, potentially reducing the risk of yeast infections. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects.

When to See a Doctor for a Yeast Infection

While many women successfully treat yeast infections at home, there are situations where professional medical care is necessary:

Reasons to Consult a Healthcare Provider

• First-time yeast infection symptoms
• Symptoms that don’t improve with over-the-counter treatment
• Recurrent infections (4 or more per year)
• Pregnancy
• Diabetes or a weakened immune system
• Unusual symptoms or severe discomfort

What are the potential complications of untreated yeast infections? While most uncomplicated yeast infections don’t lead to serious health problems, leaving them untreated can cause discomfort and potentially lead to more severe infections. In rare cases, the infection may spread to other parts of the body.

Yeast Infections and Pregnancy

Pregnant women are more susceptible to yeast infections due to hormonal changes. While yeast infections don’t typically harm the baby, they can be uncomfortable for the mother and require special consideration in treatment.

Managing Yeast Infections During Pregnancy

• Always consult with your healthcare provider before using any treatments
• Some oral medications may not be safe during pregnancy
• Topical antifungal creams are generally considered safe
• Proper hygiene and preventive measures are especially important

Are there natural remedies safe for use during pregnancy? While some women may consider natural remedies like yogurt or garlic, it’s crucial to discuss any treatment with your healthcare provider before use, as not all natural remedies are proven effective or safe during pregnancy.

Understanding vaginal yeast infections, their causes, symptoms, and treatments can help you manage your health more effectively. By recognizing the signs early and seeking appropriate care, you can find relief quickly and prevent recurrent infections. Remember, while yeast infections are common and usually not serious, persistent or unusual symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Yeast Infection (Candidiasis) in Adults: Condition, Treatments, and Pictures – Overview

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Information for
Adults

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Images of Candidiasis

Overview

Candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is an infection with the common yeast (or fungus) organism, Candida albicans, which is commonly found in the environment. Sometimes this yeast lives in the mouth, digestive (gastrointestinal) tract, and the vagina, along with many kinds of harmless bacteria, without causing any issues. However, under certain conditions (particularly weakening of the immune system, the use of antibiotics, exposure to cancer drugs or corticosteroids, or in diabetics), the fungus will multiply and cause disease.

There are different forms of yeast infection, depending upon the area affected. Most commonly, the mouth, vagina, and damper skin areas are affected, as the yeast likes to grow in moist areas.

Most yeast infections are on the surface (superficial) and easily treated; however, serious life-threatening yeast infection can develop throughout the body (systemic) in people with very weak immune systems.

Who’s at risk?

Various species of Candida yeast grow in over half of healthy adults.

• Men and women are affected equally.
• People with weakened (suppressed) immune systems, who use antibiotics, take cancer drugs or corticosteroids, or are diabetic are more likely to develop a yeast infection.
• Older people are more likely to get thrush (oral candidiasis).
• In women, yeast infection is the second most common cause of inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis).
• Long-lasting (persistent) symptoms and yeast infection that does not heal may be the first sign of infection with HIV.

Signs and Symptoms

The appearance and symptoms of yeast infection depend upon the area affected.

The most common types of infection are:

• Thrush (oral yeast infection) – The mouth lining, tongue, and/or angles of the mouth are red, cracked, or have white patches. There may be soreness or no symptoms. This is discussed separately.
• Skin (cutaneous) – Small-to-large patches of red, moist, raw skin usually develop in body creases, such as under the breasts, belly, or groin area. The skin may itch or be painful. Tiny pus-containing lesions (pustules) may appear around the edges of the red areas.
• Vaginitis – Vaginal itch, pain, or burning are frequent and may be accompanied by a cottage-cheese-like discharge. There is usually pain with sexual intercourse.
• Esophagitis – Swallowing may be painful, and there may be pain behind the breastbone.

Self-Care Guidelines

• Most yeast infections can be prevented by keeping body-fold areas clean and dry.
• Diabetics should keep their blood sugar under good control.
• Treat skin infection with a combination of an over-the-counter antifungal cream (such as clotrimazole or miconazole twice daily for 10–14 days) with hydrocortisone cream (0.5–1% applied twice daily after the antifungal cream).
• Lose weight if you are overweight.
• A NON-pregnant women can treat vaginitis with an over-the-counter vaginal suppository or cream antifungals (miconazole or clotrimazole). The woman’s partner does not normally need treatment. Avoid sexual intercourse until the yeast infection heals.

When to Seek Medical Care

See your doctor if your symptoms do not go away with self-care.

Remember that vaginitis can be caused by something other than yeast infection, and you might have a sexually transmitted disease if you are sexually active. See your doctor to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatments Your Physician May Prescribe

Your doctor may prescribe oral antifungal medications for any form of yeast infection that does not improve with self-care measures.

Trusted Links

MedlinePlus: Yeast InfectionsClinical Information and Differential Diagnosis of Candidiasis

References

Bolognia, Jean L., ed. Dermatology, pp.1110-1111, 1185, 1837. New York: Mosby, 2003.

Freedberg, Irwin M., ed. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 6^th ed, pp. 2006. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Treatment, Causes, Prevention & Symptoms

Overview

What is a vaginal yeast infection?

Throughout your life, you may experience a vaginal yeast infection several times. Though uncomfortable, these infections are common. A vaginal yeast infection is a condition characterized by burning, itching, redness, and a white discharge from the vagina and vulva. These infections are caused by something that’s already in your body—a fungal body (yeast) called candida. Yeast is a type of fungus and candida is a specific type of yeast. When this yeast is balanced with the ecosystem of your body, there are no problems. But when that balance is disrupted, the yeast rapidly grows and you can get a yeast infection.

Vaginal yeast infections are also called vulvovaginal candidiasis or vaginal candidiasis. A vaginal yeast infection is actually a type of vaginitis, a condition where the vagina is swollen, painful and creates a discharge. There are several types of vaginitis—each with similar symptoms—but vaginal yeast infections are one of the most common.

How common are vaginal yeast infections?

Vaginal yeast infections are very common and happen to over 1 million women in the United States every year. These infections are the second most common cause of vaginitis.

What is candida?

It may be strange to think about, but fungus normally lives in several places within your body. One type of fungus—more specifically, yeast (a type of fungus)—that you have living in your mouth, digestive tract and vagina is candida. Normally, candida doesn’t cause a problem. It is supposed to be in your body. However, there is a careful balancing act constantly happening within your body and when it tilts one way or another, you may become sick.

There are several conditions you can develop when candida goes out of balance. If you develop a lot of the fungus in your mouth, it’s called thrush. If it develops in your vagina, it’s a vaginal yeast infection.

Symptoms and Causes

Why do vaginal yeast infections happen?

The loss of chemical balance in your vagina can cause candida to multiply. This can happen for a lot of reasons, including:

• When you take an antibiotic medication that’s treating an infection of any type—a urinary tract infection (UTI) is one example. While treating this infection, good bacteria in the vagina is killed. This good bacteria was responsible for keeping the yeast in check. Without it, the balance is thrown off, leading to a yeast infection.
• During pregnancy and while using hormonal contraceptives (birth control). Your hormones can be all over the charts during pregnancy. This change in your hormones can disrupt the balance of candida in the vagina.
• If you have diabetes. When you have diabetes, there is too much sugar in your urine and the vagina is impacted by this surplus of sugar.
• Having a weakened immune system. If you have a disease, like HIV or AIDS, your medications can suppress your immune system.

What are the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?

There are several tell-tale signs of a vaginal yeast infection. These symptoms can include:

• An itchy sensation in the vagina and vulva.
• A thick, white vaginal discharge with the consistency of cottage cheese.
• Redness and swelling of the vagina and vulva.
• Small cuts or tiny cracks in the skin of the vulva because of friable skin in the area.
• A burning feeling when you urinate.

In some cases, another symptom of a vaginal yeast infection can be pain during sex.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is a vaginal yeast infection diagnosed?

A vaginal yeast infection is diagnosed by your healthcare provider. You will need to go in for an appointment and discuss your symptoms. Your healthcare provider may need to take a sample of discharge from your vagina to confirm the yeast infection. The combination of your symptoms and the sample of discharge will tell your healthcare provider what type of yeast infection you have and help determine the best way to treat the infection.

Management and Treatment

How do I treat a vaginal yeast infection?

When thinking about treatment for a vaginal yeast infection, it is important to know that there are many different types of yeast. Your healthcare provider may discuss different types of treatment depending on the type of yeast infection.

Your doctor will typically treat a vaginal yeast infection with an antifungal medication. This type of medication is specifically used to combat overgrowths of yeast in the body.

There are two forms of medication: oral or topical. Oral medications are taken by the mouth, while topical medications are applied to the affected area. Topical medications may include boric acid, nystatin, miconazole or clotrimazole. Your healthcare provider will give you information about each form of medication and directions on how to properly use each one. It is important to always follow your provider’s instructions when using these medications to make sure that the infection is fully resolved and doesn’t return.

Can I use over-the-counter treatment for a vaginal yeast infection?

Sometimes you can treat a vaginal yeast infection with over-the-counter medicines. However, you may want to avoid this if you aren’t completely sure that it’s actually a yeast infection. It is usually best to talk to your healthcare provider and make sure you are getting the right treatment for the condition.

Prevention

How can I prevent vaginal yeast infections?

You often can prevent vaginal yeast infections by making a few lifestyle changes. These changes can include:

• Not douching—douching can kill bacteria that actually controls fungus.
• Avoiding the use of feminine deodorants.
• Not using deodorant (scented) tampons or pads.
• Changing out of wet clothing, especially bathing suits, as soon as you can.
• Using water-based sexual lubricants.

If you have diabetes, it is important to keep your blood sugar level as close to normal as possible. Controlling your diabetes can help prevent vaginal yeast infections.

The symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection are similar to other conditions. If you have any questions, a physical exam by your healthcare provider will help.

Living With

What should I do if I have frequent yeast infections?

If you frequently have yeast infections, you should have a discussion with your healthcare provider. Your provider may:

• Test to confirm that you really have a vaginal yeast infection.
• Get a blood sugar test for diabetes.
• Test for HIV/AIDS.
• Discuss any possible hormonal changes (birth control or pregnancy).

Your healthcare provider will use your test results to make sure you are receiving the right treatment. It can be important to treat the underlying cause while treating your yeast infection. Controlling the reason for the infection can help prevent future vaginal yeast infections.

Vaginal Yeast Infection Signs, Symptoms, Tests & Diagnosis

What Are the Symptoms of a Vaginal Yeast Infection?

Vaginal yeast infection symptoms commonly include:

• Itching in the vaginal area and around the vulva (the opening of the vagina)
• Burning in the vaginal area
• Swelling of the vulva
• White or gray vaginal discharge that may be thick (sometimes described as looking like cottage cheese) but does not have a bad smell
• Greenish or yellowish vaginal discharge that’s also similar to cottage cheese and smells like yeast or bread
• Burning during urination
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Vulvar rash (2,3,4)

Most vaginal yeast infections do not produce a strong vaginal odor. Fishy vaginal odors are more common with bacterial vaginosis, a type of bacterial infection of the vagina. (5)

Severe yeast infections may also cause redness and tears or cracks (fissures) in the wall of the vagina. (6)

How Is a Yeast Infection Diagnosed?

As straightforward as it might seem, most doctors will discourage you from diagnosing and treating a yeast infection yourself.

This is because vaginal infections caused by bacteria, as well as some sexually transmitted infections (STI), may have symptoms very similar to those caused by yeast, but they require different treatments. Since yeast infection treatments have become available over the counter (OTC), many women simply visit the closest drugstore and buy an antifungal cream.

But sometimes these products are bought and used by women who don’t actually have a vaginal yeast infection, wasting time and money and potentially worsening the vaginal itchiness and irritation. (7)

One study published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology showed that only 34 percent of study participants who purchased OTC antifungal products accurately diagnosed themselves with a yeast infection.

The other women in the study actually had other types of vaginal inflammation, including bacterial vaginosis and the STI trichomonas vaginalis. (8)

This misdiagnosis of vaginal infections is an important issue: Just as some bacteria are becoming resistant to certain antibiotics, yeast that normally lives in the vagina can become resistant to antifungal medication.

If this happens, it can become very difficult to treat a yeast infection when one actually does develop. (9)

Because of this, the American Academy of Family Physicians recommends that, for a first episode of a possible yeast infection, women see a physician to get a proper diagnosis. (10)

If a woman has had a physician-diagnosed yeast infection in the past and feels certain that her current symptoms are caused by a yeast infection, it’s reasonable to ask her doctor about self-treatment with an OTC medication.

However, if symptoms don’t improve or they come back again, or if symptoms are different from past yeast infections, an office visit is warranted. (10)

What Doctors Look For When They Suspect a Yeast Infection

At your doctor’s office, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and your overall medical history, including past vaginal infections and sexually transmitted diseases.

You doctor will then conduct a gynecological exam to check for redness, swelling, discharge, and odor.

Your doctor will perform a pelvic exam, which will include inspecting your vagina and vulva to see if there are external signs of infection, such as swelling and redness, and cracks in the skin of the vulva.

Your doctor will also examine your cervix for swelling and redness, and your vaginal walls for dry, white spots.

To get a concrete diagnosis, your doctor will likely take a sample of your vaginal secretions and examine it under a microscope. (3,4)

Tests That Help Determine Yeast Infection Presence

The two most common tests for a yeast infection are the vaginal wet mount and the KOH test.

For the vaginal wet mount, your doctor or a lab technician will mix a sample of your vaginal discharge with a salt solution, put it onto a glass slide, and look at it under a microscope.

If there are an abnormally large number of Candida microbes and white blood cells (which indicate your body is fighting an infection), you have a yeast infection.

The wet mount can also help rule out other infections, including bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.

Instead of using a salt solution, the KOH test uses potassium hydroxide.

This solution kills bacteria and vaginal cells, leaving only the fungus that may be present in your vagina. If a fishy or amine odor arises from the KOH, you may have bacterial vaginosis. (11)

If, after diagnosis, your infection doesn’t get better with treatment or comes back several more times within a year (a condition called recurrent or chronic yeast infection), your doctor may order a culture test of your yeast.

A culture test will help determine if a Candida species other than C. albicans is causing your chronic infection (such as C. glabrata or C. krusei) — some yeast species are resistant to the drugs used to treat a C. albicans infection. (7)

Symptoms of Other Types of Yeast Infections

Though the term “yeast infection” most often refers to those affecting the vulvovaginal area, symptomatic yeast infections can also develop on the skin (cutaneous candidiasis), in the mouth and throat (thrush), in the esophagus (candida esophagitis), and on the penis (balanitis).

Cutaneous candidiasis most often causes intense itching, as well as a pimple-like infection of the hair follicles and a rash on various areas of the skin, including the skin folds, genitals, abdominal region, buttocks, and under the breasts. (12)

Common symptoms of thrush and candida esophagitis include:

• White patches on various parts of the mouth and throat
• Redness or soreness and pain while eating or swallowing
• Feeling like you have cotton in your mouth
• Loss of taste
• Cracking at the corners of the mouth (13)

In men, balanitis can cause:

• Inflamed, red glans (rounded part at the end of the penis)
• Painful urination
• Itching and unpleasant smell
• Foreskin issues, such as a thick and lumpy discharge or a tightness that prevents pulling back the foreskin to its original position (14)

Vaginal Candidiasis – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Vaginal candidiasis is an infection of the vagina involving overgrowth of a yeast, or fungus, known as Candida. This yeast is normally present in the mouth, gut and vagina, as are a number of other organisms. If the balance of microorganisms is disrupted, as can occur with taking broad spectrum antibiotics, hormonal fluctuations, and other conditions, an overgrowth of yeast can occur. Vaginal candidiasis, often referred to as a “yeast infection,” is a common problem, affecting nearly 75% of adult women in their lifetime (Source:
CDC).

Itching and a thick, white discharge are the most common symptoms of vaginal candidiasis. It can also make sexual intercourse and urination painful. The external tissue around the vagina, the vulva, may become red and swollen.

Vaginal candidiasis can be treated with a variety of antifungal agents, some of which are available over-the-counter. Although the only way to unambiguously diagnose vaginal candidiasis is to see the yeast under the microscope, many women treat themselves based on their symptoms. Studies suggest that, of all the purchases of over-the-counter yeast treatments, as many as two-thirds are used by women who do not have vaginal candidiasis (Source:
CDC).

Appropriate treatment usually results in a resolution of the symptoms. If symptoms remain or recur, it may signify that another condition is present or that the yeast has become resistant to the treatment that was used.

Vaginal candidiasis is rarely associated with a medical emergency; however, symptoms similar to those that occur with vaginal candidiasis can be present with other, more serious conditions.
Seek immediate medical care (call 911) for high fever (higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit), severe pelvic or abdominal pain, persistent nausea and vomiting, or bleeding while pregnant.

If you have symptoms of vaginal candidiasis, but have never had it before, or if you have a fever or have persistent or recurrent symptoms despite treatment,
seek prompt medical care.Women who have symptoms of vaginal candidiasis and are pregnant or are worried about sexually transmitted infections should also
seek prompt medical care.

The Facts About HIV and Thrush (Candidiasis)

Candidiasis, commonly called thrush, is a fungal infection caused by strains of Candida, a type of yeast. People living with HIV infection are more prone to candidiasis. It is not an uncommon condition and generally manifests when a person’s immune response is low.

The Candida yeast itself is present in most human beings, within the natural flora of the mouth and digestive tract, as well as on the skin. It is only when changes to these systems occur that Candida can actively thrive, usually manifesting with superficial infection.

However, when the immune system is severely compromised, as can happen with untreated HIV, Candida can become invasive and spread throughout the body, causing severe illness and possibly death. Learn more about how this fungal infection can affect you and what you can do to lower your risk.

Candidiasis Symptoms

Candidiasis is characterized by thick, white patches on the tongue, as well as other parts of the mouth and throat.  A sore throat and difficulty in swallowing can also accompany.

When candidiasis presents in the vagina, it is typically referred to as a yeast infection and is characterized by a thick, cottage cheese-like discharge from the vagina. Vaginal burning, itching, and soreness are commonly noted during outbreaks.

While less commonly seen, Candida infections can also occur on the skin; under the fingernails or toenails; on the rectum, anus, or penis; or within the esophagus or pharynx.

Candida plaque can be scraped off from the tongue, walls of the mouth, or walls of the vagina, revealing a sore, red, denuded patch underneath. The plaque is entirely odorless.

Verywell / Emily Roberts

Candidiasis in HIV Infection

Because an active HIV infection depletes an individual’s immune response, candidiasis is commonly noted in people living with the virus.

While it can present superficially even in those on ​antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is most frequently noted in people with severely compromised immune systems and often serves as a warning sign for the development of more serious HIV-related illnesses.

When an HIV infection is left untreated and a person’s CD4 count dips beneath 200 cells/mL (one of the official classifications of AIDS), the risk of invasive candidiasis is profoundly increased. As a result, candidiasis of the esophagus, bronchi, trachea or lungs (but not the mouth) is today classified as an AIDS-defining condition.

The risk of candidiasis is not only linked to a person’s immune status but to the level of viral activity as measured by the HIV viral load. Therefore, even in people with more advanced HIV infection, the implementation of ART can provide benefits by way of disease avoidance—and not only of Candida infections but other opportunistic infections, as well.

Types of Candidiasis

Candidiasis can present in any number of ways: on mucosal tissues, on the skin (cutaneous), or invasively throughout the entire body. There are further classifications for mucosal and invasive types:

Mucosal candidiasis:

• Oral candidiasis: Oral thrush, oropharyngeal candidiasis
• Candidal vulvovaginitis: Vaginal yeast infection
• Esophageal candidiasis: Candidiasis of the esophagus
• Candidal balanitis: Candidiasis of the penis, occurring almost exclusively in uncircumcised males

Invasive candidiasis:

• Systemic candidiasis: Involving a single organ
• Disseminated candidiasis: Involving multiple organs

Diagnosis of a Candida infection is typically done by microscopic examination and/or the culturing of yeast spores.

Treatment and Prevention

The most important first step to either treating or preventing candidiasis in people living with HIV is to reconstitute the person’s immune function by ​starting ART. Treating the Candida infection alone does little to prevent recurrences should the immune response not be adequately restored.

The Candida infection itself is most commonly treated with antifungal drugs such as fluconazole, topical clotrimazole, topical nystatin, and topical ketoconazole. Oral candidiasis usually responds well to topical treatments, although oral drugs can also be prescribed. (For people living with HIV, oral medications are recommended, especially if they have AIDS.)

Candidal esophagitis can be treated either orally or intravenously, depending on severity, often with the use of amphotericin B in more severe cases.

A newer class of antifungal called echinocandins are also being employed in the treatment of advanced candidiasis. All three types (anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin) are administered intravenously.

Generally speaking, echinocandins offer lower toxicity and fewer drug-drug interactions, although they are more often prescribed to patients with intolerance to other antifungal drugs.

Systemic and disseminated candidiasis affecting the bones, central nervous system, eyes, kidneys, liver, muscles, or spleen are typically treated more aggressively, with oral and/or intravenous administration of antifungal drugs. Amphoterin B is another possible option.

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What to do if you get a yeast infection when you’re pregnant

What is a yeast infection?

Yeast infections are a common type of vaginal infection, and they’re especially common in pregnant women. These infections – also called monilial vaginitis or vaginal candidiasis – are caused by microscopic fungi in the Candida family, most often Candida albicans. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments.

It’s not unusual to have some yeast in your vagina as well as in your intestinal tract. Yeast only becomes a problem when it grows so fast that it overwhelms other microorganisms. Three out of four women will have a yeast infection at some time.

What causes a yeast infection during pregnancy?

Higher estrogen levels during pregnancy make your vagina produce more glycogen, which then makes it even easier for yeast to grow there. Some researchers think estrogen may also have a direct effect on yeast, causing it to grow faster and stick more easily to the walls of the vagina.

You’re also more likely to get a yeast infection during pregnancy if you:

• Recently took antibiotics or steroid medicines
• Have diabetes and your blood sugar is not under control
• Douche or use vaginal sprays
• Have a weakened immune system
• Use birth control containing estrogen
• Are sexually active

What are the symptoms of a yeast infection?

If you develop symptoms from a yeast infection, they’re likely to be bothersome (and may get worse) until you treat the infection, though sometimes they do come and go on their own. Symptoms may include:

• Itchiness, irritation, soreness, burning, and redness (and sometimes swelling) in your vagina and labia (these symptoms often become worse by the end of the day)
• Odorless vaginal discharge that’s often white, creamy, or cottage cheesy
• Discomfort or pain during sex
• Burning when you urinate (when the urine hits your already irritated vulva)

If you find yourself wiping vigorously after urinating (scratching rather than wiping), that’s a clue, too.

What should I do if I think I have a yeast infection during pregnancy?

If you think you have a yeast infection, see your healthcare provider. She’ll take a sample of your vaginal discharge to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other things that may be causing your symptoms.

If you do have a yeast infection, your provider will give you a topical prescription or recommend a specific over-the-counter antifungal vaginal cream or suppository that’s safe to use during pregnancy.

Note: Do not take an oral over-the-counter medication to treat a yeast infection during pregnancy. The drug is unsafe for your baby.

You’ll need to insert the cream or suppository into your vagina for seven days in a row, preferably at bedtime so it won’t leak out. (The shorter-course regimens that you might have used before aren’t as effective when you’re pregnant.) It’s also a good idea to apply some of the antifungal cream to the area around your vagina.

It may take a few days of treatment before you begin to feel some relief. In the meantime, you can soothe the itching with an ice pack or by soaking for 10 minutes in a cool bath.

Let your provider know if the medication causes irritation or doesn’t seem to be working. You may have to switch to another medication. Be sure to complete the full course of treatment to make sure the infection is gone.

Why do I need to see my provider to treat a yeast infection?

It may seem like overkill to see your provider because antifungal medication is available over the counter, but it’s not a good idea to try to diagnose and treat yourself. Studies show that most women who treat themselves for a presumed yeast infection miss the real cause. As a result, they often delay getting proper treatment.

Your symptoms may be caused by something else, such as a sexually transmitted infection, instead of or along with yeast.

Will a yeast infection during pregnancy affect my baby?

No, a yeast infection won’t hurt or affect your developing baby. But it’s important to rule out other causes for your symptoms, because other kinds of infections can affect your pregnancy and your baby.

Can my partner get a yeast infection from me through sex?

If your partner is a man, there’s about a 15 percent chance of his getting an itchy rash on his penis if he has unprotected sex with you while you have a yeast infection. If this happens, he should see his doctor.

If your partner is a woman, she is at risk of getting the yeast infection from you. She should see her doctor for testing and treatment.

How can I reduce my chances of getting a yeast infection while pregnant?

It’s less likely you’ll get a yeast infection if you keep your genital area dry (because yeast thrives in a warm, humid environment) and your vaginal flora in balance. Not all of the following suggestions are supported by hard evidence, but they’re easy enough to do and worth a try:

• Wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid pantyhose and tight pants, especially synthetic ones.
• Try sleeping without underwear at night to allow air to get to your genital area. If you prefer to wear something to bed, a nightgown without underwear allows more air circulation than pajama bottoms.
• Don’t use bubble baths, perfumed soaps, scented laundry detergent, or feminine hygiene sprays. It’s not clear whether these products contribute to yeast infections, but it’s best to avoid them because they can cause genital irritation.
• Clean your genital area gently with warm water every day. (Don’t douche – during pregnancy or any other time.)
• Get out of your wet bathing suit promptly after swimming.
• Change your workout clothes (especially your underwear) after any workout that makes you sweat.
• Always wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
• Eat yogurt that contains a live culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, which can help maintain the proper bacterial balance in your gut and vagina. There’s conflicting evidence about whether yogurt helps prevent yeast infections, but many women swear by it. And in any case, it’s a good source of protein and calcium!
• Change sanitary pads, tampons, and panty liners often.
• Choose underwear with a cotton crotch. Cotton doesn’t hold in warmth and moisture, so it helps keep you dry.
• Avoid hot tubs and very hot baths.
• Make sure your blood sugar is under control if you have diabetes.

A yeast infection is no fun, but it’s nice to know that it’s not a danger to you or your baby. It’s a good idea to keep in mind that some infections can be more than bothersome when you’re pregnant, though. Here’s an article outlining some of the infections that can affect a pregnancy.

Learn more:

6 Yeast Infection Symptoms In Women

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Vaginal yeast infections are the LBDs of lady diseases; they’re everywhere, they’re basically the same even if they look slightly different, and pretty much every woman has had one at some point or another.

Okay, so that’s where the comparison ends—no one has ever asked if their yeast infection made their butt look good—but the point is that they’re super common. Over 75 percent of women will experience on at some point in their lives and most will get more than one, according to the Mayo Clinic.

A yeast infection is simply an overgrowth of candida, a fungus found naturally in your vagina, says Pari Ghodsi, M.D., an ob-gyn and women’s health expert practicing in LA. A fungus? In your lady bits? Yep, it’s all part of the delicate microbiome of organisms that keeps things running smoothly downstairs. When all is working properly, the bacteria in your vagina keep the fungus in check, but if something throws off the balance you can end up with an overgrowth of bacteria (bacterial vaginosis) or candida (a yeast infection), she explains.

If you think you may have a yeast infection, getting tested is as simple as a 15-minute visit to the doctor’s office, Ghodsi says. They swab your vagina and look at the discharge under a microscope; you’ll know before you leave whether or not it’s a yeast infection.

Treatment is equally as simple. If you’ve had yeast infections in the past and are sure this is what the problem is, it’s fine to try an over-the-counter medication, Ghodsi says. However, it’s probably worth checking in with your doc. Not only can they screen you for other problems, but if it really is a yeast infection they can prescribe you a stronger, faster-acting medication, she adds.

Not sure what is happening down there? Here are the most yeast infection symptoms in women:

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1

You Find Cottage Cheese In Your Undies

The most telltale sign of a yeast infection is thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge, which is often described as looking like cottage cheese. It may or may not be accompanied by watery discharge as well. Sounds confusing? This is why it’s so important to know what’s normal for you and your vag. Some women naturally have more vaginal fluids than others so if yours changes suddenly—in color, amount, or odor—it’s time to get it checked out, Ghodsi says.

2

The Urge To Itch Yourself (In Public!) Is Unbearable

We’re not talking about scratching your head here.

If you’ve got a yeast infection, it will be hard to resist sneaking a scratch down there, as your labia will likely feel super itchy, Ghodsi says.

Don’t do it. Even if you do manage to sneak in a good crotch scratch, it likely won’t satisfy the urge for long and can further irritate your already tender privates.

3

Sex Is Making You Hot… In All The Wrong Ways

A sexy romp should leave you feeling a little flushed afterward, but if you feel a painful heat in your vagina during sex, it could signal a bigger problem. A burning sensation during intercourse, or a constant burning feeling in your vaginal area at any time, is a telltale sign of a yeast infection, Ghodsi says. This symptom isn’t one you should ignore as it could also be a sign of an STI or bacterial infection, so call your doctor right away, she adds.

4

Peeing Is Problematic

You’ve been potty trained since you were a toddler, but if you find yourself avoiding using the bathroom because it hurts to pee, you’ve likely got a much more adult problem. Pain during urination is one of the signs of not only yeast infections but also urinary tract infections and some sexually transmitted diseases. If this is your main symptom, get it checked by your doctor asap, she says.

5

Your Lips Are Red and Swollen

Not the lips on your face… If your outer labia and genitals look visibly red or swollen—even if you have no other symptoms—it can indicate a yeast infection, Ghodsi says.

6

You’re All Kinds Of Crampy

Pain in your pelvis or lower abdomen is another symptom of a yeast infection. Pain from an infection won’t get better with rest, and will likely increase in intensity over time, Ghodsi says.

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90,000 Thrush (candidiasis) in women: symptoms and treatment

Probably, there is no woman in the world who has never faced such an unpleasant disease as thrush.

Thrush (candidiasis) is a disease caused by a fungus of the genus Candida , which is present in many human organs. Thrush is caused by creating a favorable environment for these fungi.

Causes of thrush.

Thrush is caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida.Such a fungus is found in the body of every woman and in most cases it is harmless. However, under the influence of certain factors, this fungus becomes aggressive, in such cases, thrush develops.

Typically, the following factors contribute to the development of a yeast infection:

– weakening of the immune system;

– sexually transmitted diseases;

– chronic infections;

– taking birth control pills;

– taking antibiotics;

– diabetes;

– pregnancy.

Symptoms of thrush.

In women, the first symptoms of thrush most often appear a few days before the onset of menstruation:

– first of all, you will feel a strong burning sensation and itching in the genital area;

– the genitals become bright red;

– the mucous membrane of the external genital organs becomes inflamed, painful sensations appear;

– discharge with thrush takes on the character of a curdled mass, they are quite abundant, but odorless;

– pain during urination;

– painful sensations during intercourse.

Treatment of thrush.

The very first thing to start the process of treating thrush is a visit to the doctor. Even if this is not your first experience in treating thrush, you need to clarify the diagnosis. Often, other diseases can cause similar symptoms.

At the first symptoms before a visit to the doctor, we advise you to adhere to some rules:

– refuse sexual intercourse for a while;

– wash yourself more often, you can add a little baking soda to the water, it will help relieve the itching;

– give up spicy and sweet foods, baked goods, as well as food and drinks containing yeast.

If you have symptoms of thrush, you can make an appointment with a gynecologist through the window on our website “Appointment” or by phone: 8 (3412) 65-51-51.

In addition, you can sign up for Online consultation of a gynecologist and get a full consultation with a doctor without leaving your home.

90,000 causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods on the website “Alpha Health Center”

Fungal infection that affects the mucous membrane of the genitourinary system.Symptoms are profuse leucorrhoea, itching and burning in the vulva, painful urination.

Candidiasis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes caused by fungal microorganisms of the genus Candida. The characteristic signs of vaginal candidiasis are white, cheesy plaque on the mucous membrane, therefore the name thrush is often used. Exacerbation attacks occur several times in 70-75% of women of reproductive age and are one of the most frequent reasons for contacting a gynecologist.

Causes and symptoms of vaginal candidiasis

The causative agent of thrush is a microscopic yeast-like fungus of the genus Candida.In 80-90% of cases, it is a species of Candida albicans, although there are about 20 other species of this genus. Candida is a conditionally pathogenic fungus that normally lives in the human body. Infection with them occurs even in utero or during childbirth. Natural suppression of the activity of fungi is provided by lacto- and bifidobacteria in the microflora of the vagina. Signs of vaginal candidiasis can be encountered with a decrease in immunity and from external factors. Mushrooms begin to multiply actively and cause inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes.Nails, skin are affected, white plaque can be in the mouth or on the genitals (most common in women). The inflammatory reaction is explained by a change in the pH-level of the mucous membrane and the immune response to the entry into the blood of the waste products of microorganisms.

Lead to aggravation:

• pregnancy – the growth of fungi occurs in a third of women, due to increased acidity of the vagina and hormonal changes;
• taking antibiotics and hormonal drugs with estrogens, chemotherapy;

90,079 stress;

• infectious diseases, immunodeficiencies, diabetes mellitus;
• mucosal injuries during gynecological manipulations, during childbirth;
• infection with atypical fungi – Candida tropicalis or others;
• unbalanced nutrition;
• synthetic, tight underwear.

Typical symptoms of vaginal candidiasis are:

• copious white discharge;

90,079 itching, discomfort in the genitals;

• soreness of intercourse, urination;
• reddened, edematous mucous membrane of the vulva.

Manifestations can intensify in heat, subside in chronic course (after 7-10 days of the acute phase). In this case, relapses can occur 3-4 times a year, provoke the appearance of other infections on the inflamed mucosa.

How to treat vaginal candidiasis

Diagnostics is carried out by a gynecologist. A preliminary diagnosis can be made according to the patient’s complaints and external signs that are noticeable during a gynecological examination. For accurate diagnosis use:

• microscopic examination of secretions to assess the number of microorganisms and the degree of inflammation;
• bacterial culture of secretions to identify the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to drugs.

For the treatment of vaginal candidiasis apply:

• antifungal, antimicrobial drugs;
• antibiotics;
• glucocorticosteroids for complex therapy;
• local douching.

The doctor will prescribe the scheme of how and how to treat vaginal candidiasis. An integrated approach is required to relieve inflammation, normalize microflora, cure concomitant diseases, causes of relapses.

Treatment of vaginal candidiasis by alternative methods will not give results. They are suitable for strengthening the immune system, relieving the symptoms of inflammation, but they do not affect the fungus itself in any way. With an exacerbation of thrush, attention is also paid to diet. Sweets, alcohol are excluded from the diet, the amount of fruits, vegetables, lactic acid products is increased.

90,000 Gyno Lact, 8 vaginal tablets

Vaginal tablets. Support and restore the vaginal microflora. Lactic acid bacteria predominate in the vagina of a healthy woman. If the number of lactic acid bacteria in the vagina decreases, anaerobic bacteria (bacterial vaginosis) begin to multiply, causing unpleasant symptoms. Typical symptoms of bacterial vaginosis are: increased volume of discharge, watery consistency, yellowish or gray discharge with an unpleasant odor.Women aged 1850 are most susceptible to changes in the microflora and inflammation of the vagina. Sex life, menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, antibiotics, hormonal contraception, intrauterine contraception, and vaginal tampons can all cause bacterial vaginosis. To avoid bacterial vaginosis, vaginal microflora can be strengthened using vaginal tablets containing lactic acid bacteria. Vaginal tablets containing lactic acid bacteria restore the acidic environment and bacterial balance in the vagina.Milk fungus infection from the proliferation of Candida yeast bacteria causes itching, burning, and inflammation in the vaginal area. The discharge becomes thick, cheesy, with a yeast odor. It is usually treated with antibiotics. However, the infection often recurs despite taking antibiotics. Antibiotics also kill beneficial lactic acid bacteria. Re-emergence of infections can be avoided by strengthening the microflora of the vagina. Gynolact is a topical pill that contains lactic acid bacteria naturally present in the vagina.Carefully read the information in the package before use. Pregnant women should consult a healthcare professional before using this product. The product can be used during breastfeeding. Contact your doctor if your health condition worsens or any side effects occur.

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