What is a gum abscess? How do you treat a gum abscess? What are the symptoms and causes of a gum abscess? Get all the answers in this comprehensive guide.

Understanding Gum Abscesses: Definition and Causes

A gum abscess, also known as a periodontal abscess, is a painful pocket of pus that can develop on the gums. This type of abscess occurs when bacteria in the mouth causes an infection in the space between the teeth and the gums. Gum abscesses are often a result of poor oral hygiene, leading to the buildup of plaque and the development of gum disease (periodontitis).

Factors that can contribute to the formation of a gum abscess include:

• Periodontitis: An inflammatory condition of the gums caused by the accumulation of plaque under the gum line.
• Deep periodontal pockets: Spaces that develop around the teeth due to gum disease, providing a breeding ground for bacteria.
• Weakened immune system: Individuals with compromised immune systems, due to factors like stress, fatigue, or chronic illness, may be more susceptible to gum abscesses.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Gum Abscess

Gum abscesses are usually accompanied by persistent and severe pain in the affected area. Other common symptoms include:

• Swelling and redness of the gums
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks
• Pain while chewing
• A loose tooth
• A bad taste in the mouth (due to pus discharge)
• Fever

If you experience any of these signs, it’s important to seek medical attention from your dentist as soon as possible. Left untreated, a gum abscess can lead to serious complications.

Diagnosing and Assessing a Gum Abscess

During your appointment, your dentist will examine your gums and look for signs of infection, such as pain, swelling, and redness. They may also order a dental X-ray to check for periodontal disease or an infected tooth, which can help them determine the extent of the infection and bone loss.

Even if the abscess ruptures and drains on its own, you should still see a dentist for proper treatment. A gum abscess will not heal completely without professional intervention.

Treating a Gum Abscess: Drainage and Debridement

The primary treatment for a gum abscess involves draining the abscess and removing any debris or infected material from the periodontal pocket. This procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Numbing the affected area with a local anesthetic
2. Making an incision to drain the abscess and release the built-up pus
3. Performing a deep cleaning procedure called scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line

Depending on the extent of the infection and any associated bone loss, your dentist may also recommend additional treatments, such as tooth extraction or procedures to regenerate lost bone or gum tissue.

Preventing Gum Abscesses: Importance of Oral Hygiene

Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial in preventing the development of gum abscesses. This includes:

• Brushing your teeth twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush
• Flossing daily to remove plaque from between the teeth
• Regular dental cleanings and checkups to identify and treat any gum disease or other oral health issues early on

By practicing consistent and thorough oral hygiene, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing a painful and potentially serious gum abscess.

Addressing Underlying Conditions: Immune System and Gum Abscesses

Individuals with a weakened immune system, whether due to stress, fatigue, or chronic illness, may be more susceptible to developing gum abscesses. In these cases, it’s important to address the underlying health condition in addition to treating the abscess itself. This may involve measures such as managing stress, getting adequate rest, or working with a healthcare provider to address any underlying medical issues.

The Importance of Prompt Treatment: Preventing Complications

Leaving a gum abscess untreated can lead to serious complications, including the spread of the infection to other parts of the body. Therefore, it’s crucial to seek prompt medical attention from your dentist if you suspect you have a gum abscess. Early treatment can help prevent the infection from worsening and minimize the risk of long-term consequences.

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Left untreated, a gum abscess can lead to serious complications. But catching and treating it early leads to a more positive outlook.

What is a gum abscess?

An abscess is a pocket of pus that can develop on many parts of your body, including the inside of your mouth. Some people develop a tooth abscess that affects the area surrounding the tooth. But sometimes, an abscess can form on the gums.

Also called a periodontal abscess, a gum abscess is a painful condition that can lead to serious complications. It’s important to recognize the signs of a gum abscess and get medical treatment if you develop one.

A gum abscess occurs when bacteria in the mouth causes an infection in the space between the teeth and the gums. Some gum abscesses result from periodontitis disease, which is caused by poor oral hygiene.

Periodontitis disease is an inflammatory condition of the gums that develops when plaque accumulates under the gums. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria. When it isn’t removed from teeth through regular brushing and flossing, an infection can occur in the surrounding tissue. This can result in the formation of an abscess.

A gum abscess can also occur due to a deep periodontal pocket. A periodontal pocket is a space that develops around the teeth from gum disease. Bacteria can live in this space. If food and plaque become embedded in this space, bacteria can thrive.

Having a weaker immune system can also contribute to a gum abscess because your immune system is unable to fight off infections. Factors that may reduce your body’s defenses include being tired, stressed, or having a chronic illness.

Some oral conditions of the mouth and gums can go unnoticed and cause little symptoms in early stages. This is not the case with a gum abscess.

These abscesses can cause persistent, severe pain in the affected area. If you open your mouth and observe the area, you may also notice swelling and redness. Other signs of a gum abscess include:

• sensitivity to heat or cold foods and drinks
• pain while chewing
• a loose tooth
• bad taste in the mouth (from pus discharge)
• pus discharge
• fever

If you experience gum pain, tenderness, or tastes pus in your mouth, don’t ignore these signs. Make an appointment with your dentist as soon as possible. Your dentist may be able to identify a gum abscess (or make another diagnosis) based on your symptoms.

During this appointment, your dentist may examine your gums and look for signs of an infection. These include pain, swelling, and redness. Along with visual observation of your gums, your doctor may order a dental X-ray to check for periodontal disease or an infected tooth (due to pulp infection). An X-ray can also help your doctor assess whether you have bone loss from the infection.

Symptoms of a gum abscess may improve slightly in time. But even if an abscess ruptures and drains, you should still see a dentist to treat the infection.

Keep in mind that a gum abscess will not completely heal on its own. It’s important that you see a dentist to begin treatment.

Treatment for a gum abscess involves draining the abscess and removing any debris in your periodontal pocket. Your dentist may suggest a deep cleaning procedure called scaling and root planning. This procedure removes plaque and tartar from above and beneath the gum line.

Draining the abscess is necessary to remove the infection and prevent complications. This procedure involves cutting an incision in the abscess. Your dentist may apply numbing cream to the area before beginning the procedure.

Your doctor can use your dental X-ray to determine whether your gum abscess has resulted in bone loss. Depending on the extent of bone loss, your dentist may choose to extract a tooth. They may also recommend a procedure to regenerate lost bone or gum tissue.

A gum abscess can sometimes affect the pulp, which is the center of the tooth. The pulp is made up of blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. If the pulp is affected, you may need a root canal to remove the damaged section of the tooth.

Medications

In addition to these dental procedures to remove and treat infection, your dentist may prescribe a course of antibiotics. Antibiotics can help with swelling if your dentist is unable to completely drain the abscess. This medication can also prevent reoccurrence and stop the infection from spreading to other areas of your body. If you experience pain, your dentist can prescribe pain medication.

There’s no way to treat a gum abscess at home. To reduce pain and sensitivity until you see a dentist, rinse your mouth with warm salt water or take over-the-counter medication like ibuprofen to reduce inflammation.

Don’t ignore a gum abscess. If left untreated, the infection can spread deeper into the gum tissue and affect surrounding teeth and bones. This can cause increased pain and swelling, and the infection could travel to other parts of your face and body.

In rare cases, a gum infection can travel to the bloodstream and cause a life-threatening complication known as sepsis. Sepsis symptoms include:

• a temperature above 101˚F (38˚C)
• difficulty breathing
• abdominal pain
• high heart rate

Practice good oral hygiene to prevent a gum abscess. This includes brushing and flossing your teeth on a regular basis. Brush your teeth two to three times a day, particularly after meals. This reduces the amount of plaque that accumulates on your teeth and under the gum line. Also, floss at least once a day to remove food and plaque stuck in the gums.

Make sure you schedule regular dental cleanings. Get your teeth professionally cleaned every six months. Your dentist can observe the health of your teeth and gums, and diagnose oral problems early to prevent disease and infections.

Shop for toothbrushes and dental floss.

With early treatment, the outlook for a gum abscess is positive. Your dentist can drain the pus and remove the infection, reducing the risk of complications. But if left untreated, a gum abscess can worsen and lead to a potentially life-threatening infection.

Consult your dentist if you develop any pain, swelling, or discharge in your gums.

Pictures, Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, and More

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

Left untreated, a gum abscess can lead to serious complications. But catching and treating it early leads to a more positive outlook.

What is a gum abscess?

An abscess is a pocket of pus that can develop on many parts of your body, including the inside of your mouth. Some people develop a tooth abscess that affects the area surrounding the tooth. But sometimes, an abscess can form on the gums.

Also called a periodontal abscess, a gum abscess is a painful condition that can lead to serious complications. It’s important to recognize the signs of a gum abscess and get medical treatment if you develop one.

A gum abscess occurs when bacteria in the mouth causes an infection in the space between the teeth and the gums. Some gum abscesses result from periodontitis disease, which is caused by poor oral hygiene.

Periodontitis disease is an inflammatory condition of the gums that develops when plaque accumulates under the gums. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria. When it isn’t removed from teeth through regular brushing and flossing, an infection can occur in the surrounding tissue. This can result in the formation of an abscess.

A gum abscess can also occur due to a deep periodontal pocket. A periodontal pocket is a space that develops around the teeth from gum disease. Bacteria can live in this space. If food and plaque become embedded in this space, bacteria can thrive.

Having a weaker immune system can also contribute to a gum abscess because your immune system is unable to fight off infections. Factors that may reduce your body’s defenses include being tired, stressed, or having a chronic illness.

Some oral conditions of the mouth and gums can go unnoticed and cause little symptoms in early stages. This is not the case with a gum abscess.

These abscesses can cause persistent, severe pain in the affected area. If you open your mouth and observe the area, you may also notice swelling and redness. Other signs of a gum abscess include:

• sensitivity to heat or cold foods and drinks
• pain while chewing
• a loose tooth
• bad taste in the mouth (from pus discharge)
• pus discharge
• fever

If you experience gum pain, tenderness, or tastes pus in your mouth, don’t ignore these signs. Make an appointment with your dentist as soon as possible. Your dentist may be able to identify a gum abscess (or make another diagnosis) based on your symptoms.

During this appointment, your dentist may examine your gums and look for signs of an infection. These include pain, swelling, and redness. Along with visual observation of your gums, your doctor may order a dental X-ray to check for periodontal disease or an infected tooth (due to pulp infection). An X-ray can also help your doctor assess whether you have bone loss from the infection.

Symptoms of a gum abscess may improve slightly in time. But even if an abscess ruptures and drains, you should still see a dentist to treat the infection.

Keep in mind that a gum abscess will not completely heal on its own. It’s important that you see a dentist to begin treatment.

Treatment for a gum abscess involves draining the abscess and removing any debris in your periodontal pocket. Your dentist may suggest a deep cleaning procedure called scaling and root planning. This procedure removes plaque and tartar from above and beneath the gum line.

Draining the abscess is necessary to remove the infection and prevent complications. This procedure involves cutting an incision in the abscess. Your dentist may apply numbing cream to the area before beginning the procedure.

Your doctor can use your dental X-ray to determine whether your gum abscess has resulted in bone loss. Depending on the extent of bone loss, your dentist may choose to extract a tooth. They may also recommend a procedure to regenerate lost bone or gum tissue.

A gum abscess can sometimes affect the pulp, which is the center of the tooth. The pulp is made up of blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. If the pulp is affected, you may need a root canal to remove the damaged section of the tooth.

Medications

In addition to these dental procedures to remove and treat infection, your dentist may prescribe a course of antibiotics. Antibiotics can help with swelling if your dentist is unable to completely drain the abscess. This medication can also prevent reoccurrence and stop the infection from spreading to other areas of your body. If you experience pain, your dentist can prescribe pain medication.

There’s no way to treat a gum abscess at home. To reduce pain and sensitivity until you see a dentist, rinse your mouth with warm salt water or take over-the-counter medication like ibuprofen to reduce inflammation.

Don’t ignore a gum abscess. If left untreated, the infection can spread deeper into the gum tissue and affect surrounding teeth and bones. This can cause increased pain and swelling, and the infection could travel to other parts of your face and body.

In rare cases, a gum infection can travel to the bloodstream and cause a life-threatening complication known as sepsis. Sepsis symptoms include:

• a temperature above 101˚F (38˚C)
• difficulty breathing
• abdominal pain
• high heart rate

Practice good oral hygiene to prevent a gum abscess. This includes brushing and flossing your teeth on a regular basis. Brush your teeth two to three times a day, particularly after meals. This reduces the amount of plaque that accumulates on your teeth and under the gum line. Also, floss at least once a day to remove food and plaque stuck in the gums.

Make sure you schedule regular dental cleanings. Get your teeth professionally cleaned every six months. Your dentist can observe the health of your teeth and gums, and diagnose oral problems early to prevent disease and infections.

Shop for toothbrushes and dental floss.

With early treatment, the outlook for a gum abscess is positive. Your dentist can drain the pus and remove the infection, reducing the risk of complications. But if left untreated, a gum abscess can worsen and lead to a potentially life-threatening infection.

Consult your dentist if you develop any pain, swelling, or discharge in your gums.

Types, Symptoms and Methods of Treatment

The information provided in this article cannot be used for diagnosis, treatment and does not replace the advice of a doctor.

Created: 01/27/2020

Last edited: 03/22/2021

41229

Contents:

• Types of tooth abscess
• Symptoms of tooth abscess
• Causes of tooth abscess
• Complications of tooth abscess
• Diagnosis of tooth abscess
• Treatment of tooth abscess
• Dental abscess prophylaxis

Tooth abscess is an acute infectious disease that develops in the area of ​​the tooth roots. Often, this disease is faced by people who do not carry out sufficient oral hygiene. When there are defects on the teeth, expressed by cracks and chips, carious lesions, bacteria penetrate into their soft parts and settle there, which is why an inflammatory process occurs, pus forms and the gums swell.

There are nerve endings in the area of ​​the pulp, so any inflammation is accompanied by a strong pain syndrome. The development of an abscess occurs quite quickly, if urgent measures are not taken, the bone tissue will be affected, and the integrity of the tooth becomes jeopardized.

With self-treatment of a tooth abscess, it will not be possible to achieve a good result, perhaps for a short period of time the pain will be stopped, but this threatens with more serious consequences. In order for the treatment to be successful, it is necessary to contact a specialist in a timely manner and receive qualified assistance.

Tooth abscess photo:

Types of tooth abscess The process of the tooth is located in the dental cavity as a result of the necrosis of the pulp.

Its main difference is that pus accumulates directly under the root of the tooth.

When the amount of accumulated pus is small, it is kept in a limited space, as if in a sac. As the inflammation and volume of pus increase, a fistula occurs – this is a kind of channel that connects the abscess and the external environment. This is a round hole that appears in the gum that swells around the edges. Pus is released from the wound in the form of a white spot.

Symptoms of tooth abscess

Bacteria begin to infect one tooth, but if emergency measures are not taken, suppuration will spread to nearby neighbors. The abscess begins painfully – swelling and severe pain appear at the site of the lesion. Taking painkillers, the pain goes away for a short period of time, and subsequently manifests itself with greater force.

If you are worried about a tooth abscess, the symptoms will be:

• Pain when chewing and pressing on the tooth.
• Pain in the gum area when there is pressure on it.
• There is an unpleasant taste in the mouth, bitter, and also an unpleasant odor.
• The gums are swollen.
• Facial asymmetry may appear.
• Lymph nodes increase in size.
• Fever and headache.

If emergency measures are not taken, wounds with pus will begin to appear on the gum. Please note that if the abscess bursts, the pain will subside, but this does not mean that the disease has passed. The bacteria that caused the development of the disease will still be located in the tissues of the tooth, so the recurrence of inflammation will not be long in coming.

Causes of a tooth abscess

The onset of the disease often occurs in the dead pulp after root canals have been unsuccessfully treated. In children, an abscess occurs as a consequence of untreated caries. With adults, the situation is a little different, since the formed and strengthened immunity makes it easier for the body to cope with various inflammations.

Main causes of gum or tooth abscess:

• Gum disease.
• Carious destruction of teeth.
• Cysts on teeth, granulomas.
• Cracks and chips of teeth.
• Various injuries in the oral cavity.
• Poor oral hygiene.
• Weak immunity.

Please note that infection can occur anywhere in the body, and the bacterium enters the gum through the bloodstream. That is why, any infectious diseases require careful attention, in particular, in the ENT part, as well as methods and ways to increase immunity, if there are problems with it.

Complications of a tooth abscess

Please note that a festering tooth abscess does not go away on its own. Even if the pus has flowed out, you have opened the abscess yourself, the pain syndrome will be reduced, but dental treatment is necessary and mandatory. Without drainage of the abscess, complications will arise in the tissues of the lower jaw, in the head or neck, in extreme cases, sepsis will develop, the infection will spread throughout the body through the circulatory system.

Diagnosis of a tooth abscess

The dentist examines the affected tooth, oral cavity, tissues located near the site of inflammation, after that:

• the affected tooth is tapped, it will be painful, sensitive to touch and pressure;
• X-ray examination is performed to see the extent and localization of tooth damage;
• CT of the head and neck is performed to determine the location and spread of the infection throughout the body;
• undergo laboratory tests to determine which bacterium caused the infection. This is necessary in order to correctly prescribe antibiotic therapy;
• When the abscess is diagnosed and confirmed, the extent of the lesion is determined, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Treatment of a tooth abscess

If a tooth abscess is diagnosed, treatment will be aimed at minimizing and nullifying the infectious process. In particular, the treatment consists of:

• Opening, drainage of abscess – an incision is made near the location of the abscess to neutralize pus, after which the open cavity is washed with saline, the tissue near the open wound is treated in the same way.
• Forming the root canal of the dental pulp – the affected tissues are removed, the abscess is drained, a special sealant is introduced into the voids formed to neutralize the development and spread of the infection, and also make every effort to save the tooth. To strengthen the tooth, a crown can be added later.
• Extraction of the affected tooth occurs if it cannot be saved. The tooth is then removed and the abscess drained.
• Antibacterial therapy is necessary in order to prevent the spread of infection to tissues, teeth, located near the affected area.

To relieve the pain of a tooth abscess, you can rinse with warm salt water or use a special dental solution. You can also take painkillers.

Tooth abscess prevention

Teeth require some care to prevent further inflammation and decay:

• when drinking water, when rinsing the mouth, give preference to fluoridated water;
• brush your teeth twice a day with a special fluoride toothpaste, rinse your mouth after each meal;
• Replace your toothbrush with a new one every 3-4 months;
• give preference to healthy food, minimize sweets, starchy foods;
• every six months visit the dentist for examination, professional dental hygiene.

If you are faced with the fact that an abscess has appeared on the gums, immediately contact your dentist to receive high-quality and professional help, because you will not be able to cope with the disease on your own. By following all the recommendations for treatment, you will quickly get rid of the disease and its consequences.

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Tooth abscess – a purulent inflammatory process – the result of a bactericidal infection, accompanied by accumulation of pus and swelling of soft tissues. The disease is dangerous not only because of the possibility of losing a bad tooth, but also for human life.

Abscess most often occurs in the root of the tooth and is accompanied by severe pain.

Symptoms

• Strong reaction to sour, sweet, cold.
• Long-term pain is observed in the area of ​​the diseased tooth.
• There is an unpleasant odor and a bitter taste in the mouth.
• Biting on the aching tooth is difficult.
• Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged.
• Swelling and redness in affected area;
• The temperature is rising.
• The crown part of the tooth darkens.
• Appetite decreases, malaise is felt, sleep is disturbed.

Possible complications

In case of sudden disappearance of signs of an abscess, do not be complacent. Rather, on the contrary – most likely the root of the tooth rotted, and the infection began to spread through the jaw system and throughout the body as a whole.

It is not recommended to self-medicate, as these attempts end in the formation of a fistula. The most serious consequences of an abscess:

• Diseases of the vessels and heart;
• Inflammation of the bone or brain;
• vascular and heart diseases;
• Pneumonia;
• Diabetes.

Causes of abscess

Mechanical:

• Trauma to the oral mucosa or soft tissues;
• Enamel chipped;
• Fracture of the tooth in the crown part.

Iatrogenic:

• Use of non-sterile instruments by the dentist;
• Introduction of infection by injection;
• Tooth extraction under non-sterile conditions.

Dental:

• Caries;
• Pulpitis;
• Granuloma or cyst;
• Gingivitis or periodontitis.

Medical:

complications after viral infections, tonsillitis or influenza.

Treatment

Complex treatment is practiced, combining:

• Opening of the abscess, disinfection of the affected area with the installation of drainage;
• Root canal treatment, including removal of the pulp, evacuation of pus and filling;
• Surgery if the purulent process has spread to the neck and beyond;
• Antiseptic rinsing for speedy wound healing;
• Taking antibiotics;
• Taking pain medication.

Today, tooth extraction is a last resort when there are no more chances to save it.

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The author of the article: Alexander Vladimirovich Mikhalev

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