What are the main causes of cauliflower ear. How can cauliflower ear be prevented in athletes. What are the most effective treatment options for cauliflower ear. When should you seek medical attention for a potential cauliflower ear injury.

Understanding Cauliflower Ear: A Common Sports Injury

Cauliflower ear is a condition that results from trauma to the outer ear, typically seen in contact sport athletes. This injury occurs when blood or fluid accumulates between the skin and cartilage of the ear, disrupting normal blood flow and potentially leading to permanent disfigurement if left untreated.

What exactly is cauliflower ear?

Cauliflower ear, medically known as auricular hematoma, is characterized by a deformed, swollen appearance of the outer ear that resembles a cauliflower. The condition develops when blunt force trauma causes the skin to separate from the underlying cartilage, allowing blood and fluids to collect in the space between.

Common Causes and Risk Factors for Cauliflower Ear

While cauliflower ear can affect anyone who experiences trauma to the ear, certain groups are at higher risk due to their activities or professions.

• Contact sport athletes (wrestlers, boxers, rugby players)
• Martial artists
• Professional fighters
• Individuals prone to physical altercations

How does cauliflower ear develop in athletes?

In athletic settings, cauliflower ear often results from repeated blows or friction to the ears. For wrestlers, the constant rubbing against opponents or mats can cause micro-tears in the ear tissue. Boxers and martial artists may sustain direct hits to the ear during matches or sparring sessions. The cumulative effect of these traumas can lead to the characteristic cauliflower ear deformity.

Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms of Cauliflower Ear

Early detection of cauliflower ear is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of permanent damage. Being aware of the symptoms can help athletes and coaches take prompt action.

What are the initial signs of cauliflower ear?

The early stages of cauliflower ear are often marked by:

• Swelling and redness around the affected area
• Tenderness or pain when touching the ear
• A noticeable change in the ear’s shape or contour
• Skin discoloration, ranging from red to purple

As the condition progresses, the ear may become more misshapen and hardened, taking on the characteristic cauliflower-like appearance.

Preventive Measures for Athletes at Risk

Prevention is key when it comes to cauliflower ear, especially for athletes in high-risk sports. Implementing proper protective gear and techniques can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing this condition.

How can athletes protect themselves from cauliflower ear?

To minimize the risk of cauliflower ear, athletes should:

1. Wear properly fitted headgear or ear guards during training and competitions
2. Ensure equipment is in good condition and replaced when worn
3. Practice proper technique to avoid unnecessary ear trauma
4. Seek immediate medical attention for any ear injuries, no matter how minor they may seem

Coaches and trainers play a crucial role in enforcing these preventive measures and educating athletes about the importance of ear protection.

Treatment Options for Cauliflower Ear

When cauliflower ear does occur, prompt and appropriate treatment is essential to prevent permanent deformity. The approach to treatment may vary depending on the severity and timing of the injury.

What are the primary treatment methods for cauliflower ear?

Treatment options for cauliflower ear include:

• Draining the hematoma: A medical professional can aspirate the accumulated fluid using a needle and syringe
• Compression therapy: After draining, the ear is typically compressed to prevent fluid reaccumulation
• Anti-inflammatory medications: These can help reduce swelling and pain
• Surgical intervention: In severe cases or when treatment is delayed, reconstructive surgery may be necessary

The effectiveness of treatment often depends on how quickly it is initiated after the injury occurs.

The Importance of Timely Medical Intervention

Seeking medical attention promptly after sustaining an ear injury is crucial for preventing the development of cauliflower ear and ensuring the best possible outcome.

When should an athlete seek medical care for a potential cauliflower ear injury?

Athletes should seek immediate medical attention if they experience:

• Any noticeable swelling or deformity of the ear following trauma
• Persistent pain or tenderness in the ear
• Changes in the ear’s shape or texture
• Signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or fever

Early intervention can often prevent the need for more invasive treatments and reduce the risk of permanent disfigurement.

Long-term Consequences of Untreated Cauliflower Ear

If left untreated, cauliflower ear can lead to a range of long-term complications that extend beyond cosmetic concerns. Understanding these potential issues underscores the importance of prevention and prompt treatment.

What are the potential complications of untreated cauliflower ear?

Untreated cauliflower ear may result in:

• Permanent disfigurement of the ear
• Increased risk of ear infections
• Hearing difficulties due to changes in the ear canal shape
• Psychological distress related to appearance changes
• Chronic pain or discomfort in the affected ear

These complications highlight why early intervention and proper care are essential for athletes at risk of cauliflower ear.

Rehabilitation and Return to Sport After Cauliflower Ear Treatment

After receiving treatment for cauliflower ear, athletes must follow a careful rehabilitation process to ensure proper healing and safe return to their sport. This process involves balancing the need for recovery with the desire to resume athletic activities.

How should athletes approach returning to their sport after cauliflower ear treatment?

The return-to-sport protocol following cauliflower ear treatment typically includes:

1. Adhering to the prescribed treatment plan, including any compression therapy or medication regimens
2. Gradually reintroducing non-contact training activities as advised by medical professionals
3. Wearing protective headgear during all training sessions, even after healing appears complete
4. Undergoing regular check-ups to monitor the ear’s healing progress
5. Participating in sport-specific drills that minimize the risk of re-injury before full return to competition

Athletes should work closely with their healthcare providers and coaches to ensure a safe and effective return to their sport.

Cauliflower ear remains a significant concern for athletes in contact sports, but with proper awareness, prevention strategies, and timely treatment, its impact can be minimized. By understanding the causes, recognizing early symptoms, and taking appropriate action, athletes can protect themselves from this potentially disfiguring condition. Coaches, trainers, and medical professionals play crucial roles in educating athletes about cauliflower ear and ensuring that proper preventive measures and treatment protocols are in place. With a comprehensive approach to prevention and management, the incidence of cauliflower ear in sports can be significantly reduced, allowing athletes to pursue their passions without compromising their long-term health and well-being.

Cauliflower Ear: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Nationwide Children’s Hospital

Overview

Causes

Signs and Symptoms

Treatment

What Is Cauliflower Ear?

• Cauliflower ear is the result of a direct blow to the outer ear. Blood or other fluids fill the space in between and disrupts normal blood flow.
• The skin on the surface of the ear is the only blood supply for the cartilage. Without adequate blood flow, the cartilage is starved of vital nutrients. This can cause the tissue to become hard and fibrous, resulting in disfigurement.

What Causes Cauliflower Ear?

A blunt force trauma to the outer ear causes a separation of the outer skin from the cartilage that forms the shape of our ears.

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What Are the Symptoms?

• Localized swelling and redness.
• Skin irritation- fluid may build up on the outer portion of the ear.
• This damage to the cartilage of the ear increases the risk of infection.

What Can I Do to Feel Better?

• Rest.
• Wear proper and well-fitting headgear appropriate for the specific sport.
• Ice for 15-20 minutes at a time will help decrease swelling and pain.
• Your doctor may be able to numb the ear and remove the fluid with a needle and syringe

When Should I See a Medical Professional?

• Due to the repetitive traumas, the potential for re-accumulation of blood is high. The best time to fix an ear in this condition is as soon as possible after injury.
• If you are uncertain about the severity of the condition.

Why Nationwide Children’s?

The specialties of Plastic Surgery and Sports Medicine expertly care for children with cauliflower ear.

• Meet our Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery team
• Meet our Sports Medicine team

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Cauliflower Ear

Cauliflower ear, or “hematoma auris”, is a collection of blood between the cartilage of the ear and the skin. When the ear lobe is repetitively struck or bent, as in taking a helmet on and off, the underlying cartilage is traumatized.

New York Cauliflower Ear Treatment, Causes, Symptoms

If you are suffering from the health consequences or cosmetic imperfections of cauliflower ear, you can trust Dr. Maurice Khosh to resolve your concerns. He is an experienced facial plastic surgeon with distinguished expertise in ear procedures. Cauliflower ear is not a congenital ear deformity, but one that is typically acquired from blunt trauma to the ear. It often affects athletes in contact sports such as wrestlers, martial artists and boxers. Treating cauliflower ear is critical, both for the permanent health and function of your ear as well as its long-term aesthetics.

Dr. Khosh is a talented and skilled plastic surgeon that takes the time to understand your unique concerns and provide the most effective treatment options for your situation. Our New York office offers the latest techniques and innovative technology available to ensure your ear is restored to its most natural appearance.

Case Study

This 43 year old gentleman requested repair of cauliflower ear deformity in New York. He had developed collapse of his ear cartilage following trauma to the ear and a subsequent infection of the cartilage.

• Patient: 43 year old male with collapsing ear cartilage and cauliflower ear deformity
• Problem: Loss of normal ear cartilage contour with loss of the round ear contour
• Procedure: Otoplasty for repair of cauliflower ear with cartilage graft

Disclaimer: These are actual results for patients of Dr. Maurice Khosh. Plastic and cosmetic surgery results can vary between patients.

Symptoms and Causes of Cauliflower Ear

Cauliflower ear is often marked by symptoms such as pain, bruising, swelling and a pale, shriveled appearance. This traumatic ear deformity occurs when blunt trauma causes a hematoma on the ear, which essentially cuts off its blood supply and causes the cartilage to die. Patients are left with a deformity of the curvature of the ear, or a shriveled up ear appearance, because of this dying cartilage.

Athletes who are repeatedly hit in the ear are at high risk for cauliflower ear. If the fluid is not immediately drained, the results can be permanent. Dr. Khosh can repair cauliflower ear by grafting or shaving cartilage and restoring the ear to its normal shape and form. It may also be necessary to drain blood from the hematoma, treat any infection and reduce inflammation to facilitate the most successful treatment results. Cauliflower ear can be a very painful condition that can lead to hearing loss if not treated.

To learn more about our cauliflower ear treatment options, please contact our office in Manhattan today. Dr. Khosh treats many types of ear defects using advanced otoplasty techniques that restore the natural beauty and function of your ear.

Click Here to See Otoplasty, Ear Pinback, Cosmetic Ear Surgery Photo Gallery

12 best varieties of cauliflower with photos, names and descriptions – Antonov Sad

This vegetable has long settled on our plots, having lost its exoticism. It is already impossible to imagine beds without neat snow heads. This cabbage has gained love and popularity for its aesthetic appearance, great taste, nutritional value and dietary properties. It is rightfully positioned as one of the most useful vegetables, significantly ahead of white-headed representatives. We offer you to get acquainted with the best varieties of cauliflower.

Contents

1. General characteristics 2. Early varieties 2.1. Summer resident 2.2. Freedom 2.3. Snow globe 2.4. Warranty 3. Medium grades 3.1. Movir-74 3.2. Dereza goat 3.3. Francoise 3.4. Snowball 123 4. Late varieties 4.1. Cortes 4.2. Amandine 4.3. Fremont 4.4. Clara Corals

Cauliflower is rich in vitamins. Photo

General characteristics of cauliflower

For lovers of a healthy diet, the vegetable is indispensable, as well as for children’s feeding.

An important quality is hypoallergenicity. An excellent supplier of plant fibers, therefore, cauliflower is recommended to be included in the diet of people with gastrointestinal disorders.

Widely distributed, however, cultivars must be carefully selected. Cabbage is divided into three groups according to the time of head formation: early-ripening, mid-ripening and late. There are also ultra-early representatives.

Important

If you are going to grow white cabbages on your plot, remember: all three groups of varieties are successful only in regions with a warm climate. And early and medium varieties, with proper care, can produce a crop at the end of the growing season even in cooler conditions in central Russia, as well as in the central and southern regions of the Khabarovsk Territory.

How to choose a variety

The main task is the correct selection of varieties. More than 150 varieties of cauliflower are registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. I will introduce you to the most popular and prominent representatives.

There are over 150 varieties. Photo

If in a warm climate you do not spend much time choosing a good variety due to the large assortment, then for the conditions of a short rainy summer in the Leningrad Region, Perm Territory, Siberia and the Urals, you should work hard to select the right specimens. But even here, thanks to modern breeding achievements, there is something to pay attention to! According to the characteristics of the varieties, early-ripening varieties will be most suitable: Lilac ball with bright purple heads, Color express, Amphora hybrid.

Sowing dates

Summer residents of the middle zone start sowing cauliflower at different times depending on the ripeness of the varieties.

Variety	Sowing dates
Early varieties	From the first decade until the end of March
Mid-season varieties	All April until the beginning of May
Late varieties	Second half of May. Owners of vegetable gardens and dachas in the southern territories tend to carry out sowing work at an earlier date.

Description of early cauliflower varieties

Ideal for regions with short cool and rainy summers. The heads reach full maturity in 80-100 days after sowing. In early varieties, the main drawback is reduced keeping quality. Yes, and quite small heads of cabbage! The main purpose is quick use in cooking.

Summer resident

The variety is a favorite of summer residents of the middle lane. Suitable for both vegetable gardens and greenhouses. Sowing for seedlings is carried out from the second half of March. They move to the main place, regardless of the place of cultivation (open, closed), in late April or early May. Landing pattern 35×50 cm.

Recommendation

Cabbage is quite demanding on the conditions in which it grows. Needs complex care: watering, fertilizing, weeding and loosening. It is best to do everything on the same day.

• Flattened sockets, weight 0.6-1 kg.
• White with a slight brownish tint.
• Resistant to the “whims” of the weather.
• Up to 3 kg of crop can be obtained per square meter.
• High in nutritional value: high in sugar, rich in vitamin C.
• Commercial qualities are high.
• Early and long fruiting.
• Suffering from excess moisture. A week before cutting heads, watering is stopped completely.
• Resistant to fungal pathogens and pests.
• Keeps well frozen.

Variety Dacha. Photo

Freedom F1

Dutch early representative. Vegetates from spring to autumn. Under favorable conditions, the technical ripeness of heads of cabbage occurs quite early, after 85–88 days. Having planted seedlings in May-August, you will receive heads weighing up to 5 kg for 70-78 days.

Planted in a 50×75 cm pattern. High quality heads tend to self-cover and tolerate stress conditions. The use of the hybrid is varied.

Freedom. Photo

Variety Snowball for open ground and greenhouses

It got its name for its characteristic external data – the presence of small snow-white heads (about 850 g). Perhaps the most famous mid-early cauliflower variety, appreciated by summer residents of various territories. And not in vain! One of the best varieties of its group.

Grows both in open ground and under foil. Heads of cabbage are tied tight, white, rounded, with a flat top. Despite the small size (0.6–0.9 kg, this is the main drawback of the variety), it is possible to obtain cabbages up to 4 kg per square meter due to the possibility of dense cultivation that does not harm the quality of the fruit.

After transplanting, the heads of cabbage reach technical maturity after 65 days. Thanks to this, it is easy to get a crop twice a season. Characterized by friendliness of recoil. Plants are compact, tolerate dense plantings, due to which the yield increases significantly.

Endowed with high immune properties. The taste of cabbage is tender, sweetish, which is why fresh eating is practiced right from the garden. Also added to salads. In addition, cabbage is great for any processing. Resistance to fungal diseases and unfavorable hydrothermal conditions was noted.

Snow globe. Photo

Warranty

Ultra-early. 80–85 days are enough for technical maturation. The domestic representative, which has been in the dacha system for more than 50 years, nevertheless, has not lost its attractiveness. It is equally successful both in open areas and under temporary shelters. Heads of cabbage are very dense, semi-open, up to 1 kg in weight, about 20 cm in diameter, with a white or cream color. It has a well-defined immunity to the main cabbage diseases – both viral and fungal.

It stands out for its excellent preservation properties during storage and transportation. Valued for its unsurpassed dietary properties. Gives guaranteed good yields in Western Siberia, the Far East, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Azerbaijan.

Warranty. Photo

Goodman F1

Ultra early, vegetation period 65–80 days. A characteristic representative of the ultra-early Dutch hybrids that manage to form full-fledged heads and reach technical maturity in an impossible time. However, not all so simple.

Important

To get an early quality harvest, you have to work hard. Top dressing, watering, loosening – you can not do without them!

It has a powerful root system, which is not observed in most of its fellows. Thanks to this, the hybrid successfully resists climatic adversities of various manifestations. The heads are dense, rounded, pure white in color, completely covered with leaves. Weight above average – 1.2–1.5 kg.

Most valuable properties:

• stable yields;
• excellent keeping quality and safety during transportation;
• head yellowing resistance;
• excellent appearance of heads;
• is immune to fungal pathogens.

Goodman. Photo

Medium ripe cauliflower

It will take at least 100-120 days to achieve the main result. For a full filling of heads of cabbage, a significant set of thermal resources will be required.

Cauliflower variety Movir-74 F1

Heads are ready 95-105 days after germination. Under the most favorable conditions, sprouts can form in 50-65 days from the transfer of seedlings to a permanent place.

Start seedlings in mid-April. According to the 50×30 cm scheme, the finished seedlings are planted in the ground after about a month. Equally adequately behaves in various weather conditions. Responds with gratitude to watering.

Interesting

The size of the heads depends entirely on the weather and the quality of the seeds used, which varies from 11-15 cm to 22-25 cm in diameter (with leaves – up to 90 cm), 400–1400 g by weight.

Heads are rounded, slightly flattened, usually white in color, sometimes with a slight yellowness. With decent care, you can get a crop of up to 4 kg, the average is 1. 4 kg. Two harvests are possible per season. In July-August, the most formed specimens are obtained.

The second harvest is much more modest. It is well transportable, but unstable to bacteriosis and pests.

Movir-74. Photo

Dereza goat

Domestic variety. Bred recently, but has already managed to fall in love with our farmers. The growing season is 80–100 days. After planting cabbage seedlings in a permanent place, ready-made heads can be removed for 50–65 days.

• Valued for stable and strong seedlings, resistance to light frosts.
• Young seedlings tolerate picking and further transplanting without problems.
• The head is spherical, medium size and weight -– 0.7-0.8 kg, very strong, dense, pure white, without covering power.

Unpretentious to climatic conditions, equally successful when grown in any suitable season – from spring to autumn. On nutrient-rich soils and with guaranteed care, the heads are capable of pouring up to two kg. It is resistant to diseases characteristic of cabbage, ripens together and produces heads of excellent external data and wonderful taste.

Koza-Dereza. Photo

Françoise

Suitable for cultivation in any soil. After germination, it will take at least 95–100 days to reach technical ripeness. Planting density at least 50 cm apart. Demanding on conditions of moisture and sunlight. The rosette grows to medium size, the heads are white, with a slight graininess, weighing an average of 900 g.

The leaves are characterized by a bluish tint and a waxy coating. Positive qualities:

• transportability over long distances;
• long shelf life without loss of flavor;
• universal application.

One of my favorite varieties. I’ve been growing it for a few years now and have not been disappointed.

Francoise. Photo

Snowball 123

Excellent cold-resistant variety with excellent economic and biological properties. For a long time it was zoned in the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region. It is still in demand by Khabarovsk summer residents. Now the “guest” from France is one of the favorites of our gardeners. And it is well deserved.

Heads are ready to be harvested between 78 and 119 days depending on prevailing weather conditions. Sowing begins in April. It all depends on the conditions of the region and the timing of the proposed transplant to the main place at the age of 35–50 days. In this case, from July to September, snow-white heads of cabbage will come to your table.

• Fit: 40(50)x70 cm.
• Heads are very tight, slightly flattened, self-closing against mechanical damage, pure white.
• Harvest per square meter – up to 4 kg or more.
• Average head weights 0.5-1 kg.
• Consistent yields require regular watering, plant care and the addition of the trace elements Boron and Molybdenum.
• Tolerates temporary cold spells.
• Perfectly tolerates freezing with the preservation of the main commercial properties.

Snowball 123. Photo

Characteristics of late varieties of cauliflower

It is not possible to obtain full-fledged cauliflower heads in every region, since this will require at least 120-130 days. That is why the inhabitants of the middle zone, Siberia and the Urals, before buying seedlings or sowing a late variety, should calculate the duration of the period with favorable temperatures. You need to make sure that the white heads have time to fully form. Varieties and hybrids of the group are less popular.

Cauliflower variety Cortes F1

After planting seedlings in the ground, you will be able to cut the head not earlier than after 75 days. The full growing season will stretch for 110-120 days.

Main valuable properties:

• high productivity;
• self-covering head;
• does not suffer from low temperatures;
• withstands short frosts.

The weight of a head is decent, 2-3 kg, but this is not the limit. Biological and technological properties of heads of cabbage are reference!

Benefits:

• innate immunity to many infections;
• yield is slightly affected by stress conditions;
• friendly formation and maturation of heads;
• good transportability.

Demanding on the fertility of the soil on its site, needs regular top dressing – this is the main drawback of the hybrid. The downside is the need for regular watering. Farmers appreciate the variety for the possibility of conveyor growing in summer and autumn.

Cortes. Photo

Amandine F1

Ripens late. It will take at least 95-110 days after planting the seedlings to wait for a snow-white head of cabbage. Summer landings are required. It forms a round flattened head of snow-white color, weighing about one and a half kilograms, carefully covered with its own foliage.

Notes

Excellent flavor and exceptional density, color and uniformity.

Up to 5.2 kg can be removed per square meter. cabbage Found wide application in home cooking. Used for processing in any form, canning and freezing. Well stored and transported. Suitable for cultivation in any region. The recommended planting density is 30-35 thousand pieces per hectare.

Amandine. Photo

Fremont F1

Medium-late representative of the cauliflower with a long vegetation period of 110–125 days (technically ready after planting seedlings in 70–90 days). The champion in the weight of the finished head, reaching 5 kg, endowed with the ability to self-close with leaves from adverse effects.

Due to the gigantism of the heads, the plants that form them are endowed with the power in the development of all organs – leaves, stems. In addition to size, the hybrid stands out for its excellent yield, uniform white head shape and the highest quality.

The only drawback is the short duration of the collection period. Will not disappoint housewives with various processing.

Fremont. Photo

Clara corals

A late maturing variety. In addition to the unusual purple color of heads of cabbage and taste, nothing stands out. It forms small heads, up to 250 g in total.

Endowed with a unique excellent taste, for which it is called an edible flower. Does not tolerate dry conditions, so it needs almost daily watering.

Clara corals. Photo

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Read our other articles about cauliflower:

When to sow cauliflower for seedlings in 2021 and transplant into the ground

Storing cabbage

A variety of types of cabbage: the best varieties, sowing dates and scheme disembarkation
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What varieties of cauliflower do you grow? Share your tips and feedback with other gardeners in the comments.

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