What are atypical nevi. How can you identify atypical moles. Why are atypical nevi important to monitor. When should you seek medical attention for atypical moles. How are atypical nevi diagnosed and treated.

What Are Atypical Nevi and Why Are They Significant?

Atypical nevi, also known as dysplastic nevi, are unusual-looking moles that may have some features resembling melanoma. These moles are generally larger than ordinary moles and have irregular characteristics. While most atypical nevi are benign, they can be a risk factor for developing melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer.

Atypical nevi are significant because:

• They may indicate an increased risk of melanoma
• They can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from early melanomas
• People with multiple atypical nevi require regular skin checks
• They provide valuable information about a person’s overall skin cancer risk

Identifying Atypical Nevi: Key Features and Characteristics

Recognizing atypical nevi is crucial for early detection and management. These moles often display distinct features that set them apart from ordinary moles. The ABCDE rule is a helpful guide for identifying potentially problematic moles:

• A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other half
• B – Border: The edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred
• C – Color: The color is not uniform and may include shades of brown, black, or tan
• D – Diameter: Typically larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser)
• E – Evolving: The mole changes in size, shape, or color over time

Atypical nevi often exhibit one or more of these characteristics, making them stand out from regular moles. It’s important to note that not all atypical nevi will have all of these features, and some may have additional unique characteristics.

The Role of Genetics in Atypical Nevi Development

Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of atypical nevi. Some individuals have a genetic predisposition to developing these unusual moles, which is often referred to as the atypical mole syndrome or dysplastic nevus syndrome.

Key genetic factors include:

• Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome
• Mutations in the CDKN2A gene
• Variations in MC1R gene, associated with red hair and fair skin

Understanding the genetic component of atypical nevi can help healthcare providers assess an individual’s risk and determine appropriate screening and prevention strategies.

Diagnostic Techniques for Atypical Nevi

Accurate diagnosis of atypical nevi is crucial for proper management and early detection of potential skin cancers. Healthcare providers employ various diagnostic techniques to evaluate these moles:

Visual Examination

The first step in diagnosing atypical nevi is a thorough visual examination by a dermatologist or trained healthcare professional. They will assess the mole’s appearance, size, and any changes reported by the patient.

Dermoscopy

Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that uses a special magnifying device called a dermatoscope to examine the skin in detail. This tool allows healthcare providers to see structures and patterns not visible to the naked eye, helping to differentiate between benign and potentially malignant lesions.

Photography and Digital Monitoring

Total body photography and digital dermoscopy are increasingly used to monitor atypical nevi over time. These techniques allow for precise comparison of moles during follow-up visits, making it easier to detect subtle changes that may indicate malignant transformation.

Biopsy

In cases where a mole appears particularly suspicious or exhibits significant changes, a biopsy may be necessary. This involves removing all or part of the mole for microscopic examination by a pathologist.

Management Strategies for Atypical Nevi

The management of atypical nevi depends on various factors, including the number of atypical moles, personal and family history of melanoma, and the appearance of individual lesions. Common management strategies include:

1. Regular monitoring: Scheduled skin examinations by a healthcare provider
2. Self-examination: Monthly self-checks to identify any changes in existing moles or the appearance of new ones
3. Photography: Baseline and follow-up photos to track changes over time
4. Selective removal: Excision of particularly suspicious moles
5. Lifestyle modifications: Sun protection and avoidance of tanning beds

The goal of management is to detect any potential melanomas at the earliest possible stage while avoiding unnecessary procedures on benign lesions.

The Link Between Atypical Nevi and Melanoma Risk

While most atypical nevi do not become cancerous, their presence is associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma. Understanding this relationship is crucial for appropriate risk assessment and management.

Factors influencing melanoma risk in individuals with atypical nevi include:

• Number of atypical nevi: More atypical nevi correlate with higher melanoma risk
• Personal history of melanoma: Increases the significance of atypical nevi
• Family history of melanoma: May indicate genetic predisposition
• Sun exposure history: Cumulative sun damage can increase risk

It’s important to note that while atypical nevi are a risk factor for melanoma, most melanomas arise on previously normal-appearing skin rather than from pre-existing moles. This underscores the importance of comprehensive skin examinations and not focusing solely on atypical nevi.

Prevention and Sun Protection Strategies for Individuals with Atypical Nevi

For individuals with atypical nevi, sun protection is paramount in reducing the risk of developing melanoma. Effective sun protection strategies include:

• Using broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30
• Wearing protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats and UV-blocking sunglasses
• Seeking shade, especially during peak sun hours (10 am to 4 pm)
• Avoiding tanning beds and sun lamps
• Performing regular skin self-examinations

Implementing these strategies can help minimize the harmful effects of UV radiation and reduce the risk of developing skin cancer.

Psychological Impact of Living with Atypical Nevi

Living with atypical nevi can have psychological implications for some individuals. The constant need for monitoring and the increased risk of melanoma can lead to anxiety and stress. Common psychological challenges include:

• Fear of developing melanoma
• Anxiety related to regular skin examinations
• Concerns about appearance, especially if moles are numerous or in visible areas
• Stress associated with lifestyle modifications and sun protection measures

Healthcare providers should address these psychological aspects as part of comprehensive care for individuals with atypical nevi. Support groups, counseling, and patient education can help alleviate anxiety and promote a positive outlook while maintaining vigilant skin care practices.

Advances in Atypical Nevi Research and Future Directions

Research into atypical nevi continues to evolve, with promising developments in various areas:

Genetic Studies

Ongoing research aims to identify additional genetic markers associated with atypical nevi and melanoma risk. This could lead to more personalized risk assessment and management strategies.

Imaging Technologies

Advancements in imaging techniques, such as confocal microscopy and artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis, may improve the accuracy of non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of atypical nevi.

Molecular Profiling

Studying the molecular characteristics of atypical nevi may provide insights into their biological behavior and potential for malignant transformation.

Preventive Therapies

Research into chemoprevention and targeted therapies for high-risk individuals may offer new options for reducing melanoma risk in those with multiple atypical nevi.

These advancements hold promise for improving the management of atypical nevi and reducing the burden of melanoma in at-risk populations.

Atypical Nevi in Special Populations

While atypical nevi can occur in anyone, certain populations may require special consideration:

Children and Adolescents

Atypical nevi in younger individuals may have different characteristics and implications compared to those in adults. Management strategies often focus on long-term monitoring and education about sun protection.

Pregnant Women

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can affect the appearance of moles. While most changes are benign, careful monitoring is essential to distinguish between normal pregnancy-related changes and potentially concerning alterations.

Immunosuppressed Individuals

People with compromised immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients or those with HIV, may have an increased risk of developing atypical nevi and melanoma. More frequent skin examinations and aggressive management may be necessary for this group.

Elderly Individuals

Older adults with a history of sun exposure may have numerous benign and atypical nevi. Distinguishing between long-standing lesions and new or changing moles is crucial in this population.

Tailoring management strategies to these special populations ensures that the unique needs and risks of each group are adequately addressed.

The Role of Technology in Atypical Nevi Monitoring

Technological advancements are playing an increasingly important role in the monitoring and management of atypical nevi:

Smartphone Apps

Various smartphone applications have been developed to help individuals track and monitor their moles. These apps often use artificial intelligence algorithms to assess photos taken by users and alert them to potential changes that may warrant professional evaluation.

Telemedicine

Telemedicine platforms allow for remote consultations with dermatologists, making it easier for individuals in rural or underserved areas to access expert opinions on their atypical nevi.

3D Imaging

Advanced 3D imaging techniques can create detailed maps of a patient’s skin, allowing for precise tracking of mole changes over time and potentially reducing the need for unnecessary biopsies.

Artificial Intelligence in Dermoscopy

AI-assisted dermoscopy systems are being developed to aid dermatologists in analyzing dermoscopic images, potentially improving the accuracy and consistency of atypical nevi diagnosis.

While these technologies show promise, it’s important to note that they should complement, not replace, regular in-person examinations by healthcare professionals.

Global Perspectives on Atypical Nevi

The prevalence and management of atypical nevi can vary across different regions and populations worldwide:

Prevalence Variations

The frequency of atypical nevi differs among various ethnic groups and geographical locations. For instance, they are more common in fair-skinned individuals and less prevalent in populations with darker skin types.

Cultural Factors

Cultural attitudes towards sun exposure, tanning, and skin examinations can influence the detection and management of atypical nevi in different societies.

Healthcare System Differences

Access to dermatological care and advanced diagnostic technologies varies globally, affecting how atypical nevi are managed in different countries.

Research Focus

Different regions may prioritize various aspects of atypical nevi research based on local needs and resources. For example, some areas may focus more on public education, while others emphasize genetic studies or new treatment modalities.

Understanding these global perspectives is crucial for developing comprehensive, culturally sensitive approaches to atypical nevi management on an international scale.

Patient Education and Empowerment

Educating and empowering patients is a crucial aspect of managing atypical nevi effectively. Key components of patient education include:

• Teaching proper self-examination techniques
• Explaining the ABCDE criteria for evaluating moles
• Providing information on sun protection strategies
• Discussing the importance of regular professional skin examinations
• Addressing common misconceptions about atypical nevi and melanoma

Empowered patients are more likely to adhere to recommended monitoring and prevention strategies, potentially leading to better outcomes. Healthcare providers should strive to create a collaborative relationship with patients, encouraging them to take an active role in their skin health.

Integrating Atypical Nevi Management into Primary Care

While dermatologists play a crucial role in managing atypical nevi, primary care providers are often the first point of contact for patients with skin concerns. Integrating atypical nevi management into primary care settings can improve early detection and comprehensive patient care. Strategies for integration include:

• Training primary care providers in basic dermoscopy techniques
• Implementing standardized screening protocols during routine check-ups
• Establishing clear referral pathways to dermatology specialists
• Providing patient education materials in primary care offices
• Incorporating skin cancer risk assessment into electronic health records

By enhancing the role of primary care in atypical nevi management, healthcare systems can improve access to skin examinations and potentially detect concerning lesions at earlier stages.

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Nevus: types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis

Few people know, but the largest human organ is the skin. Various formations appear and disappear on its surface during life. The most common are nevi. Among ordinary people, such benign formations are called ordinary moles.

What are nevi

They are a formation consisting of melanocytes. The surface of the mole is smooth and dark in color. On the body of an average person, you can count up to 40 such formations. Some moles are on the baby’s body immediately after birth. Others are formed during maturation. Nevuses can change their appearance and color. Most changes occur during adolescence during puberty. Also, rebirth in a nevus can begin when a person is in direct sunlight for a long time. Ultraviolet radiation in large quantities negatively affects the skin. According to statistics, the more time a person spends in the sun, the more moles on his body.

The changes concern not only the color, but also the appearance. An ordinary mole can become flabby and soft, or, on the contrary, develop into a dense and colorless formation. There are a large number of different types of nevi. The main danger of such formations, when exposed to certain factors, they can degenerate into malignant ones. Of particular danger are complex moles, as well as large formations. They must be constantly monitored by the attending physician, so it will be possible to prevent a dangerous transformation.

Varieties of nevi

There are moles on the body of every person. Most of the time they don’t pose any danger. If the quantity exceeds 50 pieces, it is advisable to visit a doctor. Such patients are at risk for developing melanoma. Particularly alarming should be asymmetric formations with an uneven surface, which have a non-standard color, more than 6 mm in diameter, began to form on the body already in adulthood.

Congenital

The category includes formations with which a person is immediately born. Congenital nevi vary in shape, color and size. In some cases, a mole can occupy a large part of the child’s body. Such neoplasms cause concern, as they often degenerate into cancerous tumors.

Ordinary

The category of ordinary moles consists of formations that are symmetrical in shape, uniform in color and have a smooth surface. Most often the color is brown or pinkish. There are no foreign inclusions on the surface. Also, such moles can be dome-shaped.

Atypical

Moles with irregular size and appearance. There are few of them on the body, many times less than ordinary moles. The main danger of such neoplasms, under certain factors, they can degenerate into melanoma. Another feature of such formations is their uneven color, uneven edges, and the nevus itself is asymmetric. It is important for people with atypical moles to control their number on the body; the more formations, the higher the risk of melanoma. It requires constant supervision by the attending physician and the passage of the necessary studies.

Blue

Neoplasms are divided into two categories – they can appear on the body already in the womb or develop during the life of a person. They got their name from their blue color. But this category also includes nevi, the color of which varies from light gray to black. Most often, formations characteristic of the Mongoloid skin, in other races they develop in extreme cases.

Misher’s nevi

Brown or flesh-colored lesions. The most common place for the appearance of moles in the neck and on the face. The surface is hard, domed, but even, without foreign inclusions. Hair often grows on a nevus.

Unna’s nevi

They look like moles from the previous description. The features include the appearance they resemble raspberries. The color of the neoplasm is brown.

Meyerson’s nevus

It is not difficult to identify the problem around such a mole, a rash with red papules begins to develop and spread. In some patients, eczema in the area is not recorded. Another feature of Meyerson’s nevi predominantly develops in men over the age of 30 years. Women are much less likely to have this problem.

Halo nevi

They got their name from the atmospheric phenomenon of the same name. A pale whitish ring begins to appear and develop around the mole. Until the end of life, such education does not linger, even if nothing is done with it. First, the ring changes its color to pink, and then disappears. In some cases, new halo may appear around the neoplasm throughout the patient’s life.

Spitz nevi

Moles are slightly raised above the skin and have a domed shape. The very formation of a pinkish hue, it refers to acquired and appears on the skin in patients at a young age. Coloring may be different. The surface of the nevus is often damaged and begins to bleed. As a result, doctors often confuse such moles with malignant ones, referring the patient for a histological examination.

Reed’s nevi

The color of the formations varies, they can be black or dark brown (closer to black). Mostly develop in women. The peculiarity of the neoplasm, it very quickly increases in size, which causes concern among doctors. In fact, such moles are mostly harmless and rarely develop into cancerous ones.

Agminated

They are several moles at once, which are concentrated on a small area of ​​the skin. The peculiarity of education is that all nevi are not the same among themselves. Some may be more, some less. Also among the flat formations dome-shaped, etc. may appear.

Only the main types of moles are listed above. In fact, there are a huge number of such neoplasms on the skin. To determine which type this or that mole on the body of a patient who seeks medical help belongs to, doctors perform dermatoscopy.

Papillomatous nevus

A large number of neoplasms occur on the human body. Not all of them are moles. So, warts, warts, papillomas and other formations may appear. When making a final diagnosis, the whole difficulty lies in the fact that the listed types of neoplasms often do not differ in appearance from ordinary nevi. The most problematic is considered to be papillomatous nevus. In appearance, it is no different from the usual papilloma caused by HPV. But when conducting research, it is revealed that this is a bumpy mole of a convex type. The mole is benign, there is no risk of degeneration into cancer. The surface has a flesh, brownish or light brown tint. Dark moles of this type are extremely rare.

A characteristic feature of these moles is the presence of hair on the surface. They mainly appear on the head or neck, they can develop in other parts of the body, but in very extreme cases.

The appearance is not tied to a specific age period. They develop in both teenagers and the elderly. A mole grows over time, sometimes it increases in size so much that it begins to cause discomfort to the wearer. If the nevus is located on the head, it is easy to damage it while combing the hair. This leads to the onset of inflammatory processes that affect nearby tissues.

Nevus is not dangerous, its removal is mainly carried out for cosmetic purposes only. Moles on the face, which are visible to everyone around, bring the greatest discomfort to people. Before deciding on the procedure for excising a neoplasm, it is important to consult a dermatologist. Only after all the studies have been carried out, a specific type of nevus will be established, and the likelihood of a degeneration of the problem will be assessed. It is almost impossible to independently determine what exactly has appeared on your body.

Permanent damage to the surface of the nevus may also be an indication for removal. Most often, several methods are used to combat education at once:

• Treatment of the site with a laser;
• Freezing and subsequent destruction;
• Radio wave exposure;
• By electric current;
• Surgical intervention.

If the formation is manifested on the face, laser therapy is most often chosen.

Intradermal nevus

A variety of common nevi that have a domed shape. Such moles rarely appear in childhood, but they are extremely common in the adult population. Up to ten such formations on the body can simultaneously appear on the body. Such neoplasms got their name due to the fact that they are under the upper layer of the epidermis. Often such moles are difficult to notice, they almost do not stand out above the surface of the body, and their shade is close to the surrounding tissues.

Nevus can appear almost anywhere. Favorite places of neoplasm are the upper part of the arms, eyelids, neck, face, etc. The maximum size of moles is up to 1 centimeter. When they appear in childhood, the nevi are almost invisible, but with age they begin to darken, often acquire a convex shape. If the mole persists further, then after 70 years it will gradually begin to discolor.

There are several reasons why intradermal nevi can form on the human body:

1. Hereditary factors . If there are more than 50 ordinary moles on the body of the baby’s parents, then the child’s nevi will also be multiple.
2. Sun exposure . Ultraviolet radiation negatively affects the skin, causing damage to it. Moles often appear on the spot. At risk are people with too fair skin.
3. Decreased immunity . Most often, nevi begin to form against the background of reduced immunity, including after taking drugs that suppress the immune system.

Even ordinary moles that are symmetrical and do not increase in size are important to keep under control. It is better to arrange checks with a dermatologist at least once a year, so it will be possible to identify the problem at an early stage of its occurrence. It is worth planning a trip to a specialist outside the schedule if the mole began to grow, changed its shape, acquired a different shade, and began to bleed.

A dermatologist may prescribe a procedure to excise a mole if it causes cosmetic discomfort to the wearer, if there is a risk of the neoplasm degenerate into melanoma, if the surface of the nevus is constantly damaged during the day.

Epidermal nevus

As the name implies, this category includes moles, which are formed from the upper cells of the epidermis. Basically, there are neoplasms on the child’s body after birth, the vast majority of such nevi also appear in the first year of the baby’s life. A distinctive feature of a neoplasm is that it remains unchanged in shape and size throughout a person’s life.

Epidermal nevi are divided into several types depending on the cells that make up them. The most unpredictable is considered to be formations, which include not only keratinocytes, but also sweat gland cells. The formations have a yellow-orange hue, in 25% of cases they degenerate into malignant tumors.

Pigmented moles

Most species are light pink to black in color. There are several exceptions to the rule. So, sometimes a nevus may not have pigment. To identify such moles, they are simply a whitish or lightish spot with fuzzy borders and an irregular shape. Moles without pigment can only appear on the body of Europeans.

Moles without pigment are characterized by a small size up to 2 centimeters. Basically, only the cosmetic side of the issue becomes an indication for removal. If a person often tans, the nevus remains light in color, as a result, it stands out very much on the skin and attracts attention.

Borderline nevus

The formations got their name due to the fact that they often develop into malignant formations. It is important to constantly monitor such moles and consult a dermatologist if any changes are found.

Such moles are hidden under the horny layer of the skin, they have a uniform brown color, clear boundaries. The following factors should cause concern in the patient and provoke an appeal to a dermatologist:

• the mole begins to increase in size;
• changes its color, darkens or brightens;
• pigment spots of various types began to appear around the adjacent area;
• the mole has become dense, standing out above the surface of the skin;
• there was pain in the mole, the surface itches a lot.

How to deal with huge nevi

The vast majority of nevi are small formations on the skin with a diameter of several millimeters, which are almost invisible to the naked eye. Exceptions are formations that exceed 20 centimeters in diameter. They are classified as huge. A mole can cover most of the arms, legs, back, etc. Such moles can appear on the body of representatives of any race. They develop in almost 2% of the population of our planet. The main danger of large nevi is that they often degenerate into malignant ones. Formations that appear in the region of the spinal column are considered to be extremely unstable. Moles should cause concern, which continue to rapidly increase in size, as well as change their color.

The most unpleasant huge nevi on the body of newborns. Since the child grows over time, it seems to parents that the mole decreases in size, in fact, it continues to grow as well, almost keeping up with the whole body.

In 30% of cases, these nevi become melanoma. They must be under the supervision of a doctor. Rebirth can occur at any age. Removal of giant nevi is shown. The most commonly used method is surgical excision. If the mole is located in a hard-to-reach place, alternative methods of treatment may be offered to the patient. Removal is also possible with the help of laser therapy.

Nevuses on the head

Such formations are most often removed for cosmetic reasons. If the mole is on the surface of the body, no matter what size it is, it can almost always be hidden under clothing. Nevuses on the head cannot be hidden. Some patients believe that a mole emphasizes their individuality, others are sure that such an education only spoils their beauty. As a result, patients often seek the removal of even those nevi that will never become malignant.

Often, not only moles on the head are removed, but also neoplasms on the neck. The main danger of such moles is that they often rub against the surface of clothing, as a result, they are damaged, which increases the risk of rebirth. On the head, nevi also occur in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hair. They are almost invisible to the naked eye, often felt by the patient when washing his hair and other procedures. The main danger of neoplasms is that they are easily damaged during the banal combing of hair. On the head in the area of ​​the hairline, nevi also often appear, including cells of the sebaceous glands. They are characterized by the shape of a wart with the absence of hair on the surface, as well as an irregular shape. Human papillomaviruses, as well as hereditary factors, can cause the appearance.

Most moles on the head appear at birth. Education is examined, studies are done to make a final diagnosis. In childhood, neoplasms are rarely removed, since they are not subject to rebirth during this period. It occurs most often during puberty. The removal method is selected depending on the size of the formation. If the nevus is small, it can be removed with the help of laser therapy, to combat large formations, surgery will be required.

It is important to remember that at the moment there is no magic pill that could remove all dangerous moles that can become malignant from a person’s skin. It is important to monitor the condition of the nevi and pay attention to any changes.

Moles are successfully removed. It all depends on the size, qualifications of the medical specialist, as well as the location of the nevus.

Removal of nevi in ​​”Laser Plus”

Moles have long ceased to be considered a serious problem. Such formations on the skin are easily removed in beauty salons. The cost of the procedure is low. It is important to remember that only an equipped clinic with qualified personnel can guarantee a good result during removal.

Before starting the intervention, it is important to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis of the mole. It is impossible to simply look at the formation on the skin and make a diagnosis. There are a large number of nevi that are similar in appearance, but have a completely different structure.

Cooperation with our clinic has the following advantages:

• High removal rate of . On average, the fight with one mole takes no more than two minutes. Several moles can be removed in one procedure.
• No pain . The laser acts on the surface of the skin for a limited time, after which the area is cooled. The patient does not have time to feel anything. If you need to treat a large area, painkillers are used.
• Safety . A crust appears almost immediately at the site of the removed nevus. It closes the area and prevents the possibility of infection.
• No marks left at the site of removal . The skin in the area is completely restored over time, scars and other defects do not appear.

90,000 photos, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

Nevus – a benign skin neoplasm consisting of pigmented cells. It can be congenital or appear during life. Looks like a spot or a bulging pea. The color varies from flesh to dark brown. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation and other adverse conditions, it can degenerate into a malignant tumor.

In simple terms, a nevus is a mole. Every person has such formations and often does not manifest themselves in any way. But sometimes they need to be removed – if they spoil the appearance, or there is a risk of degeneration into cancer.

In the clinic of Bilyak, any skin neoplasms are easily and painlessly removed. Our doctors select the removal method individually for each patient. They remove the mole without leaving marks on the skin.

Causes of appearance

Skin nevus can be congenital or acquired. The first are laid in the process of intrauterine development. The process of migration of pigment cells is disrupted, as a result, they accumulate in the skin. A child can be born already with nevi, or they appear in the first months of life. Usually, congenital moles are inherited – if the parents have a lot of them, then the child will also have them.

Acquired nevus on the skin appears when:

• Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, age-related changes in the body. Endocrine pathologies can cause active growth of moles, a change in their shape.
• Exposure to ultraviolet radiation – in people who like to sunbathe in the sun or in a solarium, insolation of the skin occurs, due to which melanin is actively produced. This provokes the formation of moles.
• X-ray and radiation – under the influence of active particles, pigmented cells move to the epidermis, forming a dermal nevus.
• Frequent skin infections – rash, irritation, pimples cause inflammatory changes in tissues.

Classification of nevi

Neoplasms of this type are classified according to several parameters. Localization:

1. Intradermal nevus is an accumulation of pigment cells formed in the deep layers of the dermis. This type is the most common. It rises above the skin and resembles a dome in shape, sometimes it has a hairline on top. It can be located both on a wide base and on a leg. This type of neoplasm is also called intradermal nevus. It is usually benign, but can be easily injured. Because of this, degeneration into a cancerous tumor is possible.
2. Epidermal nevus – accumulation of cells in the upper skin layer (epidermis). These formations are most often flat, but may rise slightly above the surface of the skin. As a rule, they do not pose a danger.
3. Mixed – pigment cells accumulate at the border of the dermis and epidermis. Most often, these are flat brown spots that do not rise above the skin.

By size:

• small – up to 1.5 mm in diameter;
• medium – with a diameter of 1.5-10 mm;
• large – over 10 mm;
• giant – occupy a large area of ​​​​the body.

Symptoms

Moles can be recognized by their appearance. It differs depending on its type. For example, an intradermal nevus usually has the shape of a pea that rises above the skin. It can grow into the skin, or be located on the leg. The color varies from flesh to black.

Linear epidermal nevus looks like a dot or spot, the color varies from brown to black. Usually it is on the same level with the skin, but sometimes it can rise above it.

Usually these growths do not cause discomfort and do not show any symptoms other than visual. But sometimes they can be accidentally injured, rubbed with clothes, damaged with sharp objects. In this case, they can hurt and bleed, interfere with the person.

Nevus most commonly occurs on the head, neck, and other exposed areas of the body. Often they form on the back, chest and limbs. They can also be localized on the mucous membranes.

Possible complications

In most cases, these skin lesions are harmless. But under the influence of sunlight, they can degenerate into a malignant tumor – melanoma. The intradermal melanocytic nevus is most at risk.

Diagnostics

To understand how dangerous education is, you need to contact a dermatologist. He will conduct a dermatoscopy – an examination with a special device with multiple magnification. At the same time, color, uniformity of edges, shape, size are evaluated. Based on these data, the doctor calculates the dermatological index of the tumor.

It is recommended to have this examination every year. This allows you to study them in dynamics. The doctor draws up a map of moles and notes if there are changes in shape, size, color.

If the surface of the mole is cracked and bleeding, a swab is taken. It is sent for histological examination and carefully examined with a microscope. This allows you to understand whether there is a degeneration into a malignant process.

Treatment

Most often, epidermal and intradermal skin nevus does not require treatment. If it does not bother a person, it is better not to touch it. Some people themselves want to remove them for cosmetic reasons. But with this you need to be careful. Before removal, you should consult a doctor.

Today, sparing cosmetic methods are used to remove the nevus without pain and a trace.