What are the main causes of melasma. How does melasma manifest on the face. What are the most effective treatments for melasma. How can melasma be prevented.

Understanding Melasma: A Common Skin Pigmentation Disorder

Melasma is a prevalent skin condition characterized by dark, hyperpigmented patches that primarily appear on the face. This disorder, while benign, can significantly impact an individual’s appearance and self-esteem. To better understand melasma, let’s delve into its causes, symptoms, and potential treatments.

What Causes Melasma?

The exact cause of melasma remains unknown, but several factors contribute to its development:

• Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, birth control pills)
• Sun exposure
• Genetic predisposition
• Certain medications (e.g., anti-seizure drugs)
• Skin care products that irritate the skin

Hormonal fluctuations, particularly increases in estrogen levels, play a significant role in triggering melasma. This explains why the condition is more common in women, especially during pregnancy or while using hormonal contraceptives.

Who is at Risk for Developing Melasma?

While melasma can affect anyone, certain groups are more susceptible:

• Women (especially during pregnancy or while using hormonal contraceptives)
• Individuals with darker skin tones
• People with a family history of melasma
• Those living in areas with high sun exposure

Studies have shown that melasma occurs in about 1% of the general population, but this percentage can rise to 9-50% in high-risk groups. The female-to-male ratio for melasma can be as high as 39:1, highlighting the significant role hormones play in its development.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Melasma

Identifying melasma is crucial for proper treatment and management. The primary symptom of melasma is the appearance of dark patches on the skin, typically on the face.

Where Does Melasma Typically Appear?

Melasma most commonly affects the following areas:

• Cheeks
• Forehead
• Bridge of the nose
• Above the upper lip
• Chin

In some cases, melasma may also appear on the neck, chest, or forearms, though this is less common.

What Do Melasma Patches Look Like?

Melasma patches have distinct characteristics:

• Symmetrical brown or grayish-brown patches
• Irregular borders
• Flat texture (not raised or scaly)
• Freckle-like spots (macules) or larger patches

The patches are often symmetrical, appearing on both sides of the face in a mirror-like pattern. The color can range from light brown to dark brown or even bluish-gray, depending on the depth of the pigment in the skin.

Diagnosing Melasma: What to Expect

If you suspect you have melasma, it’s essential to consult a dermatologist for a proper diagnosis. The process typically involves:

Visual Examination

A dermatologist will examine your skin under normal light to assess the pattern and extent of pigmentation. They may also use a Wood’s lamp, which emits ultraviolet light, to determine the depth of the pigment in your skin.

Medical History Review

Your doctor will ask about your medical history, including any recent hormonal changes, sun exposure habits, and family history of melasma. This information helps identify potential triggers and guides treatment decisions.

Skin Biopsy (Rarely Needed)

In most cases, melasma can be diagnosed through visual examination alone. However, in rare instances where the diagnosis is uncertain, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Effective Treatment Options for Melasma

While melasma cannot be cured, several treatment options can help manage and reduce its appearance:

Topical Medications

Prescription creams are often the first line of treatment for melasma. These may include:

• Hydroquinone (4% concentration)
• Tretinoin
• Corticosteroids
• Azelaic acid
• Kojic acid

These medications work by inhibiting melanin production or increasing cell turnover to fade dark patches. It’s crucial to use these products under medical supervision, as some can cause side effects or skin irritation if used improperly.

Combination Therapies

For more stubborn cases of melasma, dermatologists may recommend combination treatments, such as:

• Triple combination cream (hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroid)
• Dual combination creams (e.g., hydroquinone with glycolic acid)

These combinations can be more effective than single-ingredient treatments but may also increase the risk of side effects.

Chemical Peels

Chemical peels involve applying a solution to the skin that causes the top layer to peel off, revealing newer, less pigmented skin underneath. Common peeling agents for melasma include:

• Glycolic acid
• Salicylic acid
• Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)

The effectiveness of chemical peels can vary, and multiple treatments may be necessary to achieve desired results.

Microdermabrasion

This treatment uses tiny crystals to gently exfoliate the skin’s surface, potentially improving the appearance of melasma. It’s often combined with other treatments for better results.

Laser and Light Therapies

Various laser and light treatments can target melanin in the skin, including:

• Fractional lasers
• Q-switched lasers
• Intense pulsed light (IPL)

While these treatments can be effective, they also carry a risk of worsening melasma if not performed correctly. It’s crucial to consult a skilled dermatologist experienced in treating melasma with these technologies.

Preventing Melasma and Minimizing Recurrence

Prevention is key in managing melasma, as the condition can be stubborn and prone to recurrence. Here are some strategies to help prevent melasma or reduce its severity:

Sun Protection

Sun exposure is a major trigger for melasma. To protect your skin:

• Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily
• Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating
• Wear protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats and long-sleeved shirts
• Seek shade, especially during peak sun hours (10 am to 4 pm)

Hormone Management

If hormonal contraceptives are triggering your melasma, consider discussing alternative birth control methods with your healthcare provider. For pregnancy-related melasma, known as chloasma, the pigmentation often fades after delivery, though sun protection remains crucial.

Gentle Skin Care

Use non-irritating skin care products and avoid harsh treatments that can inflame the skin, potentially worsening melasma. Look for products labeled “non-comedogenic” and “fragrance-free.”

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

While not directly linked to melasma prevention, maintaining overall skin health can help. This includes:

• Eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants
• Staying hydrated
• Getting adequate sleep
• Managing stress

Living with Melasma: Coping Strategies and Support

Dealing with melasma can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. Here are some strategies to help you cope:

Educate Yourself

Understanding melasma can help you feel more in control. Stay informed about the latest treatments and research by consulting reputable sources and your dermatologist.

Be Patient with Treatment

Melasma treatment often requires time and consistency. Results may not be immediate, so it’s important to follow your treatment plan diligently and have realistic expectations.

Consider Cosmetic Camouflage

While treating your melasma, you may want to use makeup to conceal the patches. Look for high-coverage foundations or concealers that match your skin tone. Mineral-based products with physical sunscreens can offer both coverage and sun protection.

Seek Support

If melasma is affecting your self-esteem, consider joining a support group or speaking with a counselor. Sharing experiences with others who understand can be incredibly helpful.

Emerging Research and Future Treatments for Melasma

As our understanding of melasma grows, new treatment options are being explored. Some areas of current research include:

Targeted Therapies

Scientists are investigating treatments that specifically target the mechanisms underlying melasma, such as:

• Tyrosinase inhibitors
• Melanocyte transfer inhibitors
• Anti-inflammatory agents

Oral Medications

While topical treatments remain the mainstay of melasma therapy, researchers are exploring the potential of oral medications to address the condition from within. These include:

• Tranexamic acid
• Glutathione
• Polypodium leucotomos extract

Advanced Light and Laser Therapies

New technologies are being developed to more effectively target melanin without damaging surrounding tissue. These may offer more precise and safer treatment options in the future.

As research progresses, it’s important to stay informed about new developments in melasma treatment. Always consult with a dermatologist before trying any new therapies, as they can help determine the most appropriate and effective treatment plan for your individual case.

Melasma in Adults: Condition, Treatments, and Pictures – Overview

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Information for
Adults

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Images of Melasma

Overview

Melasma is a common disorder of unknown cause that causes dark (hyperpigmented) patches, primarily on the face. The condition is marked by brown patches that worsen in response to increases of the hormone estrogen, such as during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills. Other medications, such as anti-seizure medications, may also cause melasma. Increased sun exposure can also be a cause.

Who’s at risk?

• Although the condition is more common in women, men can also have melasma.
• People with darker skin are generally more likely to have it.
• Family history increases likelihood of developing melasma.

Signs and Symptoms

The dark patches of melasma most commonly affect the face, particularly the sides (lateral portions) of the cheeks and sometimes the skin above the lips.

Self-Care Guidelines

• Protect your skin from sun exposure to prevent worsening, and use a combined UVB+UVA sunscreen.
• Use sunscreen year-round, since the skin is very sensitive to even small amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light.
• With your doctor’s permission, stop using medications that may be causing your melasma.

When to Seek Medical Care

Melasma is a benign condition that does not require treatment, but if it becomes bothersome, see your doctor.

Treatments Your Physician May Prescribe

• Use bleaching agents (hydroquinone 4%) carefully. Do not apply these agents to the normally pigmented surrounding skin, as normal skin may also be bleached. Use hydroquinone under the supervision of a physician, as side effects, such as darkening of the skin, may occur.
• Hydroquinone is often irritating and may require the use of 1% hydrocortisone cream, which may also help with the hyperpigmentation. Combination therapy with tretinoin cream may also be helpful.
• Superficial chemical peels (application of an acid to remove the top layers of the skin) and microdermabrasion (a facial sanding technique) may offer additional help.
• A topical agent, azelaic acid, may be helpful.
• Laser therapy has not yet been shown to be satisfactory treatment. Melasma may return and hyperpigmentation may develop in the treated area.

Trusted Links

MedlinePlus: Skin Pigmentation DisordersClinical Information and Differential Diagnosis of Melasma

References

Bolognia, Jean L., ed. Dermatology, pp.975-976. New York: Mosby, 2003.

Freedberg, Irwin M., ed. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 6^th ed. pp.868-869, 1316, 2507. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Melasma: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Real Life Pictures

Melasma Symptoms

Melasma most commonly occurs on the face, although it can also appear on the arms and back. Melasma on the face typically appears on the forehead, the upper lip, the chin, or cheeks. Melasma may appear as ‘macules’, which resemble freckles, as well as larger dark patches that feature irregular borders.

Melasma symptoms include:

• Symmetrical patches of dark, brown or greyish skin
• Enlarged melanin cells called melanocytes
• An increase in the number of melanin cells
• Abnormal accumulation of elastic tissue
• An increase in blood vessels in the face

Melasma unfortunately cannot be cured, but it can be effectively managed with sun protective measures and professional dermatologic care.

Who Gets Melasma?

Melasma occurs in about 1% of the general population (Ogbechie). However, this number can range between 9-50% in high-risk populations. The difference in prevalence may be attributed to an individual’s degree of sun exposure, geographic location, and genetics.

Women develop melasma at a rate disproportionately higher than men. Some studies have found a 9:1 ratio of female predominance (Hexsel) while others have found differences as high as 39:1 (Vazquez). This disparity is due to the naturally higher levels of estrogen in women’s bodies. Pregnancy and oral contraceptives – both of which increase the amount of estrogen in the body – can trigger melasma as well.

Genetics play a large role in the development of melasma. Women of Hispanic or Indian descent are especially prone. If you have family members who have melasma, you are more likely to develop the condition yourself. Studies have shown that more than half of people with melasma have a family history (Ogbechie).

Learn more:

Can men be diagnosed with melasma too?

Although rare, melasma can also affect men. The clinical presentation of melasma is very similar in men and women with dark brown patches and macules (freckle-like spots) that develop on the face, neck, shoulders, or upper arms. The major risk factors for developing melasma among men are sun exposure and performing work outdoors (Ogbechie).

Causes Of Melasma

As far as skin conditions go, melasma is not dangerous or painful, but it can be very troublesome all the same. So, what causes melasma? In truth, the exact cause is not known. However, there are several well-documented triggers.

• Internal factors include genetics (family history), having naturally darker skin, and hormone changes.
• External factors include UV light exposure, skin inflammation, irritation from certain toiletries or cosmetics, certain medications, and oral contraceptives.
• Pregnancy can also trigger this skin condition, earning melasma the nickname the ‘mask of pregnancy’.

Learn more:

What Are My Treatment Options?

Melasma is not a harmful condition, and some individuals choose not to seek treatment. However, scientific studies have consistently shown that melasma can negatively impact an individual’s quality of life both socially and professionally. But how can you treat this condition if it cannot be cured?

Melasma is very manageable, so seeking treatment can help reduce the appearance of dark patches as well as prevent these patches from coming back. There are many types of treatment, all of which can help fade and manage this skin condition.

• Topical creams: Combinations of medications that are applied to the skin which inhibit melanin production, encourage new skin growth, and reduce inflammation. These creams may include one or a combination of ingredients, such as kojic acid, azelaic acid, tranexamic acid, and hydroquinone.
• Chemical peels: A chemical solution that ‘peels’ off the topmost layer of skin, removing discolored patches and promoting new skin growth.
• Laser skin lightening: The use of precise lasers to remove discolored areas on the skin.
• Oral treatments: The use of oral medications to slow melanin production and improve the appearance of dark patches on the skin.
• Microneedling: The use of very small needles to help topical melasma creams penetrate more deeply into the skin to improve the appearance of dark patches.
• Microdermabrasion: The use of a specialized tool to exfoliate the skin, improve cell turnover, and promote new skin growth.
• Other treatments: Home remedies include apple cider vinegar, essential oils, turmeric, and others. These treatments are not well studied and should only be used following a consultation with your doctor.

No treatment plan is complete without sun protection because UV rays can make your melasma worse. All treatments should include at-home lifestyle modifications such as avoiding the sun during peak hours (10am – 2pm), wearing a broad-brimmed hat outdoors, and regularly applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen. Choose a sunscreen that contains either iron oxide or titanium dioxide (or even better, both). These ingredients are physical UV blockers that are particularly helpful in reducing the severity of the dark patches on your skin.

In addition, avoid using cosmetics or toiletries that irritate your skin since inflammation can cause your skin to become even darker.

Learn more:

Treat Melasma

with products personally recommended for YOUR specific skin care needs!

Can Melasma Fade On its Own?

Although melasma can fade on its own without any treatment, these options may take time. At-home, prescription-free remedies include avoiding the sun and wearing UV-rated clothing. Where this condition is caused by hormonal birth control pills or IUDs, stopping the use of these contraceptives can help dark patches fade. When pregnant women develop melasma, the dark patches generally fade after giving birth.

Learn more:

How Might Melasma Be Prevented?

Unfortunately, melasma is often caused by uncontrollable factors such as skin type, genetics, and gender. However, prevention is still a critical component in dealing with existing melasma regardless of the type of treatment you use. While the condition is caused by a variety of factors, one which is both highly culpable and preventable is direct exposure to ultraviolet sunlight. It is responsible for aggravating existing hyperpigmentation and undoing the progress you have made towards achieving a clear complexion.

Any effective melasma treatment includes the daily use of a broad spectrum sunscreen. Sunscreen labeled as such has been required by the FDA since 2011 to protect against the two types of UV radiation (A and B) that are linked to the kind of skin damage linked to melasma.

Notably, UVA—the radiation most responsible for the kind of damage linked to melasma—is present during all daylight hours, and it is as present in direct sunlight as it is with overcast. This means that sunscreen is warranted at unintuitive moments, and it should likely be used more often than not.

Research suggests that physical UV blockers like iron oxide result in a lower melasma relapse rate over broad spectrum sunscreens that do not contain sunlight blockers.

Learn more:
Can you prevent melasma?

Brighten Up With ClearifiRx

Melasma can be quite challenging to treat and may respond slowly to treatment, but don’t worry. There is a new, customized treatment for melasma that can help clear your skin: ClearifiRx. We deliver custom, prescription-strength treatments directly to your door.

Your personal clinician will assess your skin and prescribe a regimen that is tailored to your unique needs. This plan will include prescription-strength melasma creams delivered to you, online consultations with a licensed, board-certified dermatologist, and lifestyle recommendations to help you protect your skin from UV rays.

Learn more about our Melasma Treatment

Maybe it’s NOT vitiligo!

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin that causes white spots. It’s pretty distinctive and is frequently diagnosed by a dermatologist simply by looking at it, often with the aid of a special light called a Wood’s lamp. But I’ve seen patients in my Vitiligo Clinic, some who’ve traveled a very long distance (even other countries), who didn’t actually have vitiligo, but had diseases that looked like vitiligo. Sometimes I’ve had vitiligo patients who notice new spots on their bodies that they think are vitiligo, but they’re something else, often things that are even easier to treat. So, if you’re wondering if you have vitiligo but aren’t sure, maybe this blog will help you figure that out, and clarify what’s distinct to vitiligo versus its lookalikes!

There are different patterns of vitiligo

Vitiligo can sometimes have different appearances, so being familiar with the different patterns that can exist is helpful to recognize it and tell it apart from other conditions. For example, vitiligo can affect a small area (usually early on before it spreads), called focal vitiligo. It can become widespread, often called generalized vitiligo. It can affect just the lips and genitals, called mucosal vitiligo, or those areas plus the fingertips, called lip-tip vitiligo. It can affect the face and hands/feet, which is called acrofacial vitiligo. Universal vitiligo means that most of the skin has lost its pigment as vitiligo has spread all over, usually we reserve this term for when at least 80% is affected. Maybe most importantly, it can affect just one side of your body and stay in a small area, which is called segmental vitiligo. The details of these forms of vitiligo are for another blog post, but if you or your doctor knows these patterns it’s easier to determine if the spots are from vitiligo or a lookalike that causes the same pattern.

The physical exam and Wood’s lamp

The Wood’s lamp is a UVA light that looks dark purple, and it’s used by holding it close to the skin with all the lights in the room turned out. It’s the same light used for highlighting fluorescent colors in the dark, like “midnight bowling”, “fluorescent mini golf”, and clubs in the 70s. So be careful when going to one of these places that uses a “black light” if you have vitiligo, because your spots will glow! Maybe you’ll think this is cool, and want to find one. . .

When a patient has vitiligo, the Wood’s light makes all of the white spots fluoresce bright white, making them clearly visible in contrast to the normal skin color, even if the normal skin is very pale. It has something to do with proteins in the skin absorbing UVA light and then emitting (or shining back) a longer wavelength that’s in the visible spectrum, so your eyes can better see it. It’s an incredibly useful tool for a dermatologist and vitiligo specialist, because very few other diseases turn the skin white like this. So, when the spots glow under Wood’s lamp, it narrows down the possibilities by a lot. Combined with other pieces of information gathered by talking with the patient, we can usually diagnose vitiligo without a skin biopsy.

But what if it’s NOT vitiligo? What if the spots don’t fluoresce under Wood’s lamp illumination, or what if they do, but the other information doesn’t fit with what we know about vitiligo? Well, that’s when a dermatologist forms a “differential diagnosis”, or a list of diseases that might cause the skin changes. Next, we gather more information to narrow down this list to one or just a few possibilities, and maybe biopsy the skin to get a really close look under the microscope.

The first order of business is to determine, “Are these white spots actually depigmented, meaning they do not have ANY pigment in them?” So, to do this, I turn out all the lights in the room and turn on my Wood’s lamp. This is sometimes fun for my younger patients, because not just vitiligo glows under the light, but also certain colors of clothing, teeth, peanut butter left over from lunch, rubies (discovered they REALLY glow), and even lint. But I digress. I look for the white spots to enhance, or become more apparent, under the Wood’s lamp compared to room light, they kind of fluoresce. If this happens, the skin in the area is depigmented, meaning there is no pigment or melanin. This is always the case in vitiligo, and thus is an absolute requirement to diagnose it. If the spots do enhance, I know we’re on the right track.

Truly depigmented spots that are NOT vitiligo

If the spots enhance under Wood’s lamp, they could be from vitiligo or a small number of other conditions. One is idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH), or small spots that appear on skin that has had chronic sun exposure (usually the shins and forearms, but sometimes the chest and back as well).

idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH)

Often these are hypopigmented, not depigmented (hence the name), but sometimes they are depigmented and enhance on Wood’s lamp. If they are evenly distributed (not clustered), remain small (usually 1-2mm in diameter but almost always under 5mm), and are on the right areas of the body, then they’re probably IGH and not vitiligo.

Another condition that rarely causes a true white spot is nevus depigmentosus, which is a birthmark that usually appears within the first few months of life, has jagged edges, usually doesn’t turn the hair white, and doesn’t grow in size like vitiligo – it may get larger as the child grows and the skin stretches, but not quickly the way vitiligo does (often within just a few months).

Nevus Depigmentosus

If your dermatologist isn’t sure if the spot is nevus depigmentosus or segmental vitiligo, a biopsy can tell for sure, but it’s not always necessary. I guess that albinism should be mentioned here, although that is present at birth and results in no skin color at all (would look like universal vitiligo), so it’s pretty easy to distinguish.

Albinism

Finally, piebaldism causes depigmentation localized to just the front of the body (not the back), includes a “white forelock” or white hair at the front of the scalp, is present from birth, and usually runs in families. That’s about it for true white spots!

Piebaldism

Hypopigmented spots that are NOT vitiligo

If the spots are not truly white, but hypopigmented and not depigmented (they don’t enhance by Wood’s lamp), then they are NOT vitiligo and could be any number of different diseases and conditions. I’ll list a few of the most common ones here. Both IGH and nevus depigmentosus (described above) can also be hypopigmented instead of depigmented. They look similar and are located on the same areas of the body. Nevus anemicus is a common birthmark that looks lighter than surrounding skin, although it is actually not different in pigment at all. It is due to a lower blood supply to that area of skin, so it is less pink than surrounding skin and thus looks lighter. It actually disappears completely for a few seconds when you apply pressure to the area because the surrounding blood in the vessels is pressed out. It reappears once the blood rushes back into it. Individuals with tuberous sclerosis can have light areas of skin called ash leaf spots, but they usually have other more cleare signs of this condition as well. Occasionally, darker skin from melasma can make it look like the normal skin is lighter, and thus could look a little like vitiligo.

Melasma

Tinea versicolor (also called pityriasis versicolor) causes lighter spots on the chest and back, get scaly if scratched with a fingernail, and are caused by a common fungus that isn’t dangerous. It’s easily treated with an antifungal therapy.

Tinea versicolor

Progressive macular hypomelanosis looks a lot like tinea versicolor but without the scale, most commonly affecting the chest and back.

Progressive macular hypomelanosis

It is pretty easily treated with nbUVB therapy, similar to vitiligo. Inflammation or wounds can be lighter than the surrounding skin once they’re healed, this is called post-inflammatory hypopigmentation (PIH). Atopic dermatitis or eczema does this commonly on areas of the body where this disease occurs, such as the cheeks, front of the elbows, or back of the knees, and it’s sometimes called pityriasis alba when this is the case.

Pityriasis alba

Discoid lupus (also called chronic cutaneous lupus) is usually located on the head and neck, causing lighter spots surrounded by dark areas, as well as permanent hair loss.

Discoid lupus

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (or just lichen sclerosus, LS) is usually located on the genitals and causes light spots (sometimes completely white). It usually also causes symptoms like itching or pain, with fissuring or open cracks in that area that can be sore. Intercourse can also be painful. This can cause long-term problems and should be treated aggressively.

Morphea causes hardening of the skin more than color change, although it can appear lighter than the surrounding skin. This should be treated to avoid permanent changes in the skin of that area, as well as prevent new spots from forming.

Morphea

Sarcoidosis can occasionally cause light spots on the skin that look like vitiligo, although it usually looks quite different. Sarcoidosis can also affect the lungs and other organs and should also be treated aggressively.

Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (MF) or cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a very, very rare skin lymphoma that causes light spots on the skin most commonly only in sun-protected areas, or “bathing suit distribution”. This is not usually dangerous but should also be treated to prevent it from becoming a more aggressive form of the disease.

Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides

There are some VERY RARE infections that can cause light spots on the skin, and these include a form of leprosy (tuberculoid leprosy), secondary syphilis (a rash that occurs after the genital sore or chancre clears up), and pinta. Leprosy occurs most commonly in South Asia and South America (although interestingly it can be spread by armadillos in the southern United States) and is usually numb to light touch within the spot.

Leprosy

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease preceded by a genital sore (sometimes not noticed, though), and easily treated by penicillin once diagnosed.

Secondary syphilis

Pinta is only found in small areas of northern South America and causes white areas on the hands, wrists, and feet. I’ve never met anyone who has ever seen Pinta, so it’s not around much anymore.

Pinta

Your dermatologist can help! 

Those aren’t ALL of the conditions that can cause white or light spots like vitiligo, but it’s most of them. Others are really rare and could require a lot of explanation better suited to residency training in dermatology, so I left them out! I don’t expect that this description will be sufficient to avoid a visit to a dermatologist because there’s a LOT more to diagnosing skin disease than knowing the names of diseases (however crazy they are) and a few lines of description, but it should help you wrap your mind around the possibilities and get some insight into how we’re thinking during a physical exam in our office. Remember, you could have BOTH vitiligo and another condition described here! It’s helpful to know which is which, so that your dermatologist can determine when and how to treat them. Now you can go to your dermatologist appointment armed with knowledge, which should help both of you figure out what your white or light spots are, and how best to treat them!

* Images courtesy of VisualDx. 

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2003;72(1):67–72.

17. Torok H,
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18. Nouri K,
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19. Wang CC,
Hui CY,
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2004;30(9):1196–1200.

20. Lugo-Janer A,
Lugo-Somolinos A,
Sanchez JL.
Comparison of trichloroacetic acid solution and cryosurgery in the treatment of solar lentigines. Int J Dermatol.
2003;42(10):829–831.

21. Almond-Roesler B,
Zouboulis CC.
Successful treatment of solar lentigines by brief gentle cryosurgery using a Kryomed device. Br J Dermatol.
2000;143(1):216–218.

22. Li YT,
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Comparison of the frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd: YAG laser and 35% trichloroacetic acid for the treatment of face lentigines. Dermatol Surg.
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23. Todd MM,
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24. Wang CC,
Sue YM,
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A comparison of Q-switched alexandrite laser and intense pulsed light for the treatment of freckles and lentigines in Asian persons: a randomized, physician-blinded, split-face comparative trial. J Am Acad Dermatol.
2006;54(5):804–810.

25. Petit L,
Piérard GE.
Analytic quantification of solar lentigines lightening by a 2% hydroquinone-cyclodextrin formulation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.
2003;17(5):546–549.

26. Draelos ZD.
Novel approach to the treatment of hyperpigmented photo-damaged skin: 4% hydroquinone/0.3% retinol versus tretinoin 0. 05% emollient cream. Dermatol Surg.
2005;31(7 pt 2):799–804.

27. Fleischer AB Jr,
Schwartzel EH,
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The combination of 2% 4-hydroxyanisole (Mequinol) and 0.01% tretinoin is effective in improving the appearance of solar lentigines and related hyperpigmented lesions in two double-blind multicenter clinical studies. J Am Acad Dermatol.
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28. Jarratt M.
Mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% solution: an effective and safe alternative to hydroquinone 3% in the treatment of solar lentigines. Cutis.
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34. Kumaran MS,
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2004;30(1):49–53.

Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Pityriasis alba is a common, benign (non-cancerous) skin disorder that typically affects children ages 6 to 12. Someone with this condition has raised, rounded patches of lighter skin. These patches are mainly on the face, but they can show up on other parts of the body, too.

The condition is named for its scaly appearance and white patches. The name pityriasis alba comes from the Latin words pityrus, meaning wheat, and alba, for white.

This article describes the condition, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Symptoms

Pityriasis alba causes lightly colored spots to develop on the skin. Most often, they are found on the cheeks. But they can also show up on the neck, chest, back, and upper arms. Symptoms include:

• Pink or red spots that fade to lighter than usual skin
• Affected areas ranging from a quarter of an inch to an inch in size
• Circle or oval shape
• Undefined borders that gradually blend into normally pigmented skin
• Flaky and itchy patches of skin

The patches themselves are often raised and may be scaly. The scaliness is most noticeable during the winter months when the air is drier. During the summer, the spots can be easier to see when the skin around them is tanned.

The lesions aren’t painful, but they might be mildly itchy.

Pityriasis alba.
DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Causes

Although an exact cause is still unknown, pityriasis alba may be related to other skin conditions. For example, it is thought that when a case of dermatitis (skin irritation) heals, it may leave behind a lighter patch of skin.

It may also happen if you use too much topical corticosteroids when treating eczema. This can cause areas of patchy rash to lighten as they heal.

Some genetic disorders are also believed to cause cutaneous hypopigmentation (loss of skin color). This can happen when melanocytes, the cells that produce the skin pigment melanin, have lower activity. Melanin makes the skin darker.

About 5% of children in the U.S. will get pityriasis alba at some point in their early school years, according to a 2015 study in the Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Diagnosis

Usually, your doctor can diagnose pityriasis alba by simply looking at the rash and reviewing your child’s symptoms and medical history.

Pityriasis alba is often confused with tinea versicolor, where an overgrowth of fungus on the skin causes patchy white lesions. However, there are several ways a doctor can distinguish between the two disorders:

• A Wood’s lamp examination uses a handheld ultraviolet (UV) light to highlight differences in skin color. It is usually used in a dermatologist’s office in a darkened room.
• Potassium hydroxide (KOH) can be used to diagnose fungal infections, like tinea versicolor or other fungal conditions such as tinea corporis (ringworm). For this test, the skin is lightly scraped to remove some skin cells, which are mixed with potassium hydroxide and examined under a microscope. This process makes fungus easier to see.

Pityriasis alba can also be confused with vitiligo, an autoimmune disease where pigment is lost in some patches of skin. However, vitiligo has very distinct borders, which will help your doctor distinguish between the two.

Vitiligo patches appear first on sun-exposed parts of the body. It can often occur after a triggering event such as a sunburn. It can then spread to the armpits, eyes, groin, genitals, naval, and rectal areas.

Pityriasis alba also develops in sun-exposed areas. However, it isn’t clear if sun exposure triggers the condition.

Recap

Pityriasis alba can be confused with other skin conditions, like fungal skin infections or vitiligo. A physical exam and certain diagnostic tests can help your doctor determine what kind of skin disorder affects your child.

Treatment

Treatment of pityriasis alba is not always necessary. Most cases usually resolve on their own by adulthood. Still, many parents choose to treat it for cosmetic reasons, especially if their child is self-conscious about their skin.

Even with treatment, recovery can sometimes take several months. Your child should avoid tanning (natural or artificial) and consistently use sunscreen (at least 30 SPF) to speed healing.

Moisturizers

Moisturizers that contain petrolatum, mineral oil, squalane, or dimethicone can help soften the skin and reduce scaliness, especially on the face. Brands that are effective, inexpensive, and easy to find include:

• Aquaphor
• Aveeno Cream
• Eucerin

You may also ask your physician for recommendations. Good skin hygiene, in general, can help the patches heal faster.

Over-the-Counter Hydrocortisone

You can use an over-the-counter (OTC) 1% hydrocortisone cream (topical steroid) sparingly if there is itchiness. However, care should be taken when using hydrocortisone on the face.

Do not apply around the eyes or on the eyelids. Don’t use OTC hydrocortisone for more than four weeks continuously unless your doctor advises you to.

Because children are more vulnerable to side effects, ask your child’s doctor before applying hydrocortisone on your child’s face and follow their recommendations.

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors

Elidel (pimecrolimus) and Protopic (tacrolimus) are non-steroidal medications that your doctor may prescribe to clear the rash. They aren’t often needed but are sometimes suggested in more severe cases.

Topical calcineurin inhibitors are most often used to treat eczema. They are used off-label for pityriasis alba. This means the Food and Drug Administration hasn’t approved them specifically for this purpose. Because they are not steroids, you can safely use them around the eyes.

Summary

Pityriasis alba is a condition in which patches of skin lose pigmentation and are lighter in color than surrounding skin. It most often affects elementary-age children. The affected areas of skin are small—usually no bigger than an inch in diameter.

Your doctor can diagnose pityriasis alba based on a physical exam and skin tests. Most often, the condition heals on its own without treatment. But, if your child feels self-conscious, your doctor may advise treating the patches with moisturizers or other topical medications to speed the healing process.

A Word From Verywell

Anytime your child has an unusual rash, you should make an appointment with their pediatrician. Pityriasis alba is a harmless condition, and there is no medical reason to treat it. But if doing so will make your child feel more confident, that’s a good enough reason to consider it. Remember that, in most cases, pityriasis alba fades by adulthood.

Skin Pigment Disorders | Johns Hopkins Medicine

White spots on the skin

Pityriasis alba

Pityriasis alba is a skin disorder commonly found in children and young adults that causes pale pink or red, scaly patches to form on the skin. When these patches clear up, the skin is left discolored, with smooth, light patches taking their place.

Lesions can be round, oval or irregular in shape, and many patches can occur at once, especially on the face and arms. Pityriasis alba is believed to be associated with eczema and, as such, an overactive immune response is a suspected cause.

Patches may clear up within a few months or, in some cases, can last for several years. No treatment is required for pityriasis alba as the spots usually go away over time, with most cases disappearing by adulthood.

However, a doctor will often prescribe a steroid or non-steroid cream to ease the dryness or itching. In some cases, the patches can flare-up in the future and require further treatment.

Read More: Early melanoma symptoms and how to spot them

Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis is a disorder that causes 1 to 10 mm flat white spots to occur, typically on the shins, arms, upper back, and face. It is usually found in fair-skinned individuals but can also appear in dark-skin. While the exact cause is unknown, these white spots often begin to form as a person ages, usually after the age of 40.

The spots are benign and are thought to be brought on by sun exposure, which kills melanocyte cells in the skin. No treatment is usually needed, but preventative measures to block against sun damage should be taken. Topical steroids, creams, and dermabrasion can be used to minimize the appearance of the spots.

Image of Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a disease in which the skin forms white patches. It occurs when melanocyte cells stop producing melanin, either because they die or because they stop functioning. Causes of vitiligo are unclear, but this skin condition is thought to be an autoimmune disease. It can appear at any age and on any part of the body.

Sometimes, the white patches will spread throughout the body, while other times, they will remain the same size. Vitiligo often appears initially as a small, pale spot on the skin that, over time, will develop into a larger patch.

Developed vitiligo spot on the feed

Vitiligo is generally harmless and not contagious, but its aesthetic appearance can cause emotional and psychological distress in people who suffer from it.

Several treatments can help reduce the appearance of vitiligo, including corticosteroid creams, depigmentation treatments, and UVA and UVB phototherapy. Some of these treatments come with side effects, so it is recommended to discuss options with a doctor.

Read more: Skin Pigmentation: What it is and common disorders

White spots from sun damage

While the above skin conditions are mostly through no fault of the sufferer, white spots on the skin caused by sun damage are definitely preventable. In this case, the skin has been so affected by the UV rays that it stops producing melanin – the skin chemical that gives it color.

While these spots are caused by too much sun, they are not skin cancer. However, they can be a good indication that you are spending too much time in the sun and are likely to be a sign that you might have other moles on your skin that you should keep an eye on.

While white spots on the skin may in most causes be nothing to worry about, they may indicate that you need to take a little more care of your skin. Using sunscreen, avoiding trigger foods and generally caring for your skin can help to avoid these white spots and will keep your skin looking healthy.

90,000 melasma, chloasma, lentigo, melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is the appearance of spots or stripes of a darker color on the skin. Melanosis of the skin, as it is also called increased pigmentation, develops imperceptibly and, as a rule, does not cause physical discomfort, pain, itching. Appearing skin defects are located on different parts of the body, the face is uneven. They can be of different shapes and different shades.

In most cases, the pathology is benign and does not pose a direct threat to health.And the main problem of the disease is aesthetic unattractiveness. Excessive pigmentation on the face and body is often perceived as a cosmetic defect. Spots attract the attention of others, and become the cause of ridicule. A person experiences psychological discomfort, fear of communication. Social activity decreases, isolation develops. However, this is not the only reason to start treating pathology.

Melanosis disease in case of unfavorable factors can lead to the development of malignant melanoma – aggressive skin cancer.And the sudden appearance of excessive skin pigmentation can be a direct indicator of a serious disease of internal organs or body systems.

What is hyperpigmentation?

The cause of hyperpigmentation is in the malfunction of the cells that produce the pigment melanin. When there is too much of it in certain areas of the skin, stripes and dark spots appear on the body, face. In this case, the color of abnormal manifestations can vary from light beige to black. This is the nature of melanosis.It remains to understand the reasons that cause such an anomaly.

Skin hyperpigmentation: causes of

As already noted, the cause of the disease lies in the accumulation of melanin in certain areas of the skin.

• Most often, pigment production is the body’s response to excessive solar radiation. Melanocyte cells produce pigment to protect the skin from destruction. Melanin is a powerful antioxidant. It neutralizes solar radiation. With excessive sun exposure, melanocytes work in an enhanced mode, producing more pigment than usual.This is how melanin hyperpigmentation is formed.
• Hormonal disruption can provoke the production of an increased volume of melanin. Hormonal fluctuations often cause the development of such types of hyperpigmentation as melasma and age-related hyperpigmentation. So female hormones provoke the release of melanin during pregnancy. In women, pigment circles appear around the eyes. Many dermatologists observe the appearance of age spots on the face and body of older women during menopause.The pathology is called senile hyperpigmentation.
• The appearance of spots on the skin can be a symptom of a number of diseases. For example, pigmentation is caused by autoimmune diseases. Disruptions in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, vitamin deficiency provoke the development of pathology.
• Another reason for the increased production of melanin is the intake of a number of drugs, the side effect of which is an increase in photosensitivity.
• Moles and spots often appear on the skin at the site of acne.In this case, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the skin develops. A prime example of this is post-acne (darkening of the skin after acne). In place of acne, not only scarring of the skin occurs, but also hyperpigmentation develops. Children may also develop dark spots at the site of abrasions on their legs.
• The hereditary factor also takes place in the list of causes of the development of hyperpigmentation. For example, freckles in children. A child at the genetic level gets a predisposition to excess production and uneven accumulation of melanin on the cheeks, nose, under the eyes, on the back, on the arms.
• It should be mentioned that stress can also cause metabolic disturbances. This can lead to excess production of melanin.

It does not matter what is the reason for the appearance of age spots and streaks on the skin. To exclude serious diseases, including oncology, it is recommended to consult a dermatologist.

We invite everyone to be examined at the specialized medical center for diagnostics of moles “Lazersvit”.The use of modern diagnostic methods makes it possible to identify even the initial mutations of the skin and prevent oncology.

Hyperpigmentation: types

Hyperpigmentation is classified according to various criteria. The disease is hereditary and acquired. Hereditary pathology is what a person is born with, even if the visual manifestation of excessive skin pigmentation did not appear immediately.

For example , the same freckles are hereditary hyperpigmentation.They are clearly manifested by the age of three years of the baby’s life. In spring and summer, the spots appear more strongly, but in winter they are visible, do not disappear completely.

Acquired pigmentation is more common. As already mentioned, it can be a protective reaction of the body to aggressive external factors. Or it may be a symptom of a serious internal illness.

Types of secondary hyperpigmentation

1. Chloasma is an increased pigmentation, manifested by spots of irregular shape, but with clear boundaries.The size of the manifestations, as a rule, exceeds 1 cm in diameter. The pigmentation has a light brown or brown color, a tint of strong coffee. Chloasma appears on the face and body. The disease is often diagnosed in women during pregnancy. They have this type of hyperpigmentation appears on the abdomen. Education with low cancer risk. Its treatment is recommended for cosmetic purposes.

2. Lentigo is an increased skin pigmentation, manifested by the appearance of rounded brown spots with clear boundaries.Neoplasms of this type are benign, but can significantly complicate life due to a decrease in the attractiveness of appearance. Treatment of lentigo on the face is a popular service for which people turn to our center. It does not matter if this is a congenital form of pathology, acquired solar lentigo or hyperpigmentation caused by age-related changes.

3. Melanosis (melasma) develops due to hormonal disruptions, endocrine disorders. With melanosis, excess pigment is deposited on the skin of the eyelids, in the area of ​​the brow, on the skin of the forehead, in the area of ​​the ears.Less commonly, melanosis of the conjunctiva of the eyeball is diagnosed.

4. Melasma is an increased skin pigmentation caused by excessive sun exposure. Most often, dark spots appear on areas exposed to the sun – on the face, neck, hands. Less often, the accumulation of melanin with this type of hyperpigmentation is observed on the legs, back. They get rid of melasma on the face and neck most often in terms of increasing aesthetic appeal.

5. Post-traumatic hyperpigmentation appears on any part of the skin as a result of a prolonged inflammatory process, frequent trauma to the same area.In this case, the pigment accumulates in the epidermal and dermal tissues.

There is one more parameter by which the doctors dermatologists classify hyperpigmentation. We are talking about the depth of the pigment. According to this characteristic, it happens:

• Epidermal (simple) hyperpigmentation, eg superficial chloasma.
• Dermal hyperpigmentation, a feature of which is a deep-seated pigment, for example, dermal melasma.
• A mixed form of excessive skin pigmentation, in which melanin is concentrated in both dermal and epidermal tissues.

Diagnosis and clear classification of hyperpigmentation is extremely important, as it allows you to choose the best method aimed at getting rid of colored spots.

How is hyperpigmentation treated?

Removal of age spots today is carried out in several ways:

• Chemical peeling involves the use of aggressive acidic solutions that remove the surface layers of the skin.In fact, a chemical burn is performed on the skin, due to which part of it is exfoliated, making room for evenly pigmented skin. The procedure is traumatic, dangerous and requires a long rehabilitation period. In addition, this method is only suitable for superficial hyperpigmentation. If melanin has accumulated in deep tissues, chemical peels will not help.
• Phototherapy is a popular method, the essence of which is to expose pigmented skin to light waves without ultraviolet rays.Due to this effect, melanin is destroyed, the skin color is evened out.
• Sclerotherapy is a method of treating age spots by introducing drugs into the bloodstream that destroy melanin. This method has shown high efficiency in the treatment of port wine stains (vascular pathologies that cause the appearance of red spots on the skin). However, it is not the most effective for treating excessive pigmentation.
• Laser therapy has the same effect as phototherapy, but more pronounced, productive.The procedure involves “burning out” the pigmented areas of the skin with a high-energy beam. The dermatologist sets the intensity, the depth of the laser pulse, so neighboring healthy tissues are not negatively affected. The procedure can be carried out both on the surface layer of the skin and on the dermis. The procedure is carried out without blood, painless and without negative consequences for the skin. The positive effect is noticeable even after one session. In some cases, several procedures are carried out to completely remove the deep age spot.

Professionally performed dermatological procedures allow you to completely or partially remove age spots. The doctor chooses the optimal method based on the history and individual characteristics of a particular patient. The laser method for the treatment of hyperpigmentation remains the recommended method, as it provides for a gentle effect and a high result.

It is strongly not recommended to use folk remedies and remove age spots in questionable ways at home.This can lead to serious complications – skin burns, damage to the integrity of the skin, the addition of a secondary infection.

Contact the specialized clinic “Lazersvit” if you have age spots. We will not only carry out diagnostics to eliminate the risk of rebirth, but also provide effective treatment to overcome hyperpigmentation.

The laser method used in our clinic has a minimum of contraindications, it can be used at any age (including in infancy).We will be happy to answer any questions on the topic “Hyperpigmentation” at a face-to-face consultation. You can make an appointment with a doctor by phone at a time convenient for you.

Pigmented spots that disfigure the appearance, this is no longer a sentence. In a few procedures, they will disappear without a trace!

Examination and removal will be carried out by the country’s leading dermatologists

They completed training abroad and examined more than 50,000 patients

Ladygina Evgeniya Igorevna

Doctor dermatologist

Specialty:
Has specialties of dermatologist and dermatovenerologist.

Work experience:
3 years

Education:
Graduated from V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University in 2018.

Treatment of diseases:
Dermatoscopy. Diagnostics of skin neoplasms. Laser removal of moles, warts, warts and papillomas.Elimination of tattoos, age spots.

Belskaya Elena Alexandrovna

Chief Physician. Dermatologist

Specialty:
General medicine.

Work experience:
17 years.

Education:
Kharkov State Medical University 2003

Treatment of diseases:
D Treats chronic skin diseases: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, eczema. Fights skin infections – pyoderma, fungal diseases.Removes permanent makeup, tattoos. Reveals and treats skin neoplasms: warts, condylomas, hemangiomas, moles.

Krasiy Irina Nikolaevna

First category dermatologist.

Specialty:
General medicine.

Work experience:
17 years.

Education:
Kharkiv State Medical University 2003

Treatment of diseases:
Diagnostics, treatment and removal of skin neoplasms (warts, papillomas, condylomas, moles, contagious molluscs, hemangiomas, vascular networks, pigmentation), treatment of chronic skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis), skin infections (pyoderma, fungal diseases), removal tattoos, permanent make-up.

Bidnichenko Natalia Levonovna

Doctor dermatologist of the highest category

Specialty:
Dermatology.

Work experience:
15 years.

Education:
Odessa State Medical University 2003

Treatment of diseases:
Treats skin diseases – psoriasis, dermatitis and eczema. Helps get rid of pyoderma and other skin infections. Identifies dangerous neoplasms and removes them. Checks papillomas, moles, hemangiomas, keratomas, fibromas, condylomas, spider webs.

Biyukova-Polshakova Irina Lazarevna

Second category dermatologist

Specialty:
Dermatology, Trichology, Clinical Psychology.

Work experience:
11 years.

Education:
Bukovina Medical University 2007
Odessa National Medical University 2012

Treatment of diseases:
Specializes in the elimination of psoriasis, eczema and dermatitis.Diagnoses and treats skin infections such as pyoderma. Identifies dangerous neoplasms and selects methods for their removal.

90,000 Pigmented spots on the face, how to treat, symptoms, indications

Brownish spots on the skin are called pigmentation

They usually appear with age, however, due to certain disorders in the body, they can also occur in young people.It is not recommended to leave this cosmetic problem without attention and treatment, especially if it is present on the face. The sooner the cause of the pigmentation is identified, the easier it will be to get rid of it.

Pigmentation is closely related to the production of melanin pigment in the body, the main function of which is to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation. In the case when it is unevenly distributed, brown spots are visible on the face and body.

Their appearance is associated with one of the following reasons:

• Exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

• Hormonal imbalance.

• Pigmentation can be the result of malfunctioning of the genitals, liver, adrenal glands and biliary tract. Often there are brown spots on the face with hepatitis.

• Lack of vitamins and minerals too. In particular, the increased production of the pigment melanin is caused by the lack of retinol, ascorbic acid and vitamin PP.

• Hereditary factor. There is congenital pigmentation or a genetic predisposition to it.

• Age-related changes.

Depending on the cause of the formation of brown spots on the skin and their type, pigmentation can be divided into the following types:

• freckles are of genetic origin.

• senile pigmentation, which usually appears after 45 years, but with proper care, it can occur much later.

• melasma and chloasma – pigmentation acquired as a result of diseases, taking certain medications, under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

• vitiligo – white spots on the skin, which are also referred to as pigmentation.It appears due to disturbances in the production of melanin in certain parts of the body and is inherited, it is impossible to remove such spots.

In our clinic, aesthetic problems are treated according to the following scheme:

• Examination by a cosmetologist;

• The doctor takes a history of the patient;

• If necessary, the doctor prescribes examinations and consultations with other specialists;

• If no contraindications are found, the doctor offers a range of optimal procedures that will achieve an effective solution to the problem.A list of procedures is determined together with the patient;

• The doctor describes the patient with a detailed treatment regimen and further monitors the process during follow-up appointments, making adjustments if necessary;

In our clinic, we offer the following procedures to solve the problem of age spots on the face:

• Fractional laser rejuvenation on the Action II Lutronic device: a method of non-surgical skin rejuvenation.The laser beam produces nanoperforations of the skin, creating microscopic lesions that cause cells to initiate a natural repair process. The most powerful effect of renewal and rejuvenation is visible immediately after the first procedure and continues for another month.

• SHINING PEEL laser peeling on the Action II Lutronic device: a procedure in which the effect of the laser on the skin is felt to be minimal, therefore, in most cases, preliminary anesthesia is not required.Evening, lightening skin color is achieved through a stimulating effect on the epidermis without affecting the dermis.

• Removal of pigmentation with the Clarity Lutronic device: a safe and effective technique for removing pigmentation using a laser that affects the desired area without injuring the surrounding tissue.

• Inner Lift procedure with Clarity apparatus: one of the most effective non-invasive methods for improving skin condition.Lutronic Clarity is a combination of alexandrite and neodymium lasers in one device. The device is equipped with a hybrid cooling system, which ensures the painlessness of the procedure, which allows you to eliminate age-related changes in any part of the body, does not require long-term rehabilitation, is safe, suitable for patients with any skin type, is all-season and gives a long-term effect.

• Microneedle fractional radiofrequency 3D RF lifting: 3D lifting is a technique that uses a combination of fractional and radiofrequency rejuvenation and lightening of the dermis.

• Biorevitalization: injections of preparations based on hyaluronic acid, deeply moisturizing the skin, smoothing wrinkles, removing pigmentation, slowing down the aging process.

• Mesotherapy: subcutaneous administration of micro doses of rejuvenating, medical and restorative “meso cocktails”. The aim of the technique is to rejuvenate, color-smooth and heal the skin.

• Autoplasma therapy (plasmolifting): a technique aimed at injecting platelet-rich plasma from the patient’s own blood to improve the condition of the skin.The procedure is completely safe, as no extraneous drugs are used.

• Ozone therapy: the main advantage of the procedure is that it can help significantly improve microcirculation in tissues and normalize the synthesis of such important components of the dermis as collagen and elastin.

• Carboxytherapy: with age, the trophism of the skin worsens, the degree of oxygen saturation decreases.With the help of carboxytherapy, you can restore attractiveness and elasticity, restore the tone of the skin. This is a popular cosmetic treatment and anti-aging technique for the face and body.

• Non-injection gas-liquid mesotherapy Renocode: a method of introducing biologically active substances without injections. During the procedure, a special brush, due to fine dispersion and serum delivery under pressure, penetrates into the deep layers of the skin and starts the processes of recovery and rejuvenation.

• Electroporation: a variant of mesotherapy, which is performed using a special apparatus without injections. Instead of a needle, an electric current is used, which delivers anti-aging cosmetics to the epidermis.

• RF-lifting: a method of non-surgical skin rejuvenation using vacuum and high frequency radio waves. Radio pulses target the deep and middle layers of the skin, which are most susceptible to age-related changes.

• Microcurrent therapy: This is a physiological procedure that has a lifting and lymphatic drainage effect on the skin. With the help of special equipment, weak current impulses are applied to the skin, which help to activate cell regeneration and metabolism.

• Laser (non-injection) biorevitalization: involves the application of a hyaluronic cocktail to the surface of the skin, and then a laser beam is directed to this area, which propels the hyaluronic molecules into the deep layers of the skin.The action of the laser forces the conductive tubules of the dermis to open slightly and let the molecules of hyaluronic acid pass through, which allows the moisturizing component to enter in sufficient quantities to a depth of 4 mm.

• Superficial chemical peels: a method of controlled skin damage to correct aesthetic imperfections. As active substances, drugs are used that contain ANA (lactic, glycolic, almond and pyruvic) and BHA (salicylic) acids.

• Rejuvenating apple care procedure: this is an injection procedure in cosmetology, which, with the help of contour plastics and revitalization, helps to fill the missing volume of the face, and also promotes tissue renewal.

Placental therapy: an innovative injection technique that allows the introduction of preparations based on the human placenta into the deep layers of the skin. The peptide substances contained in the placenta are capable of activating the growth and division of living cells.Placenta-based injections are regenerative skin rejuvenation techniques that restore all layers of the skin. 90,000 Treatment of age spots on the face in Moscow at GMTClinic

Pigmentation (spots) on the face appear for various reasons, greatly spoil the appearance. The main provoking factors are age-related changes in the skin, UV exposure, hormonal surges, excessive love for tanning. Advanced hardware cosmetology technologies allow removing age spots on the face, and literally in 2-5 sessions.

INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE

• age-related pigmentation on the lentigo face;

90,019 spots after pregnancy;

• “seasonal” freckles;
• Changes in skin tone resulting from intense tanning.

90,019 acquired spots of other origin.

Pigmentation on the face in women is much more common than we would like. Laser technologies are effective for all types of changes, regardless of the reason for their occurrence.The exception is spots associated with a problem in the work of internal organs (liver, gastrointestinal tract, etc.) – in this case, an integrated approach is needed.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PROCEDURE

Treatment of age spots on the face involves the destruction of excess melanin. Laser beams act only on problem areas and do not affect healthy tissues. First, the spots will darken, then they will begin to peel off, and underneath the spots will appear renewed pinkish skin. It is possible to lighten pigmentation at any age, but the procedure is usually not carried out until the age of 18.The impact is accompanied by minimal pain, lasts up to 10 minutes for each zone. The number of procedures can be different – one is enough for someone, others will have to go through several.

EQUIPMENT

Whitening of age spots on the face is most often carried out using laser or photo technologies. The procedure is painless, effective, cells containing pigment absorb rays, after which they begin to break down and exfoliate, being replaced by healthy skin.GMTCLINIC uses the powerful MultiPulse fractional laser and the Quanta System Duetto neodymium device to treat pigmentation. Elos selectively removes cells with increased melanin content. The penetration depth of the beam in this case will be higher than that of the laser. Both technologies provide a pleasant “side” effect in the form of lifting and accelerated skin regeneration.

Help to quickly remove pigmentation on the face:

• Candela alexandrite apparatus, Quanta System Duetto neodymium;
• devices with photo-technology Elos, M22 and Sciton;
• laser resurfacing for problem skin with MultiPulse CO2, Dermablate MCL-31, Fraxel and Sciton.

Laser resurfacing is a quick but traumatic option, more photo procedures will be needed, but complicated rehabilitation after them is not expected.

HOW THE PROCEDURE GOES IN

Consider how the procedures for pigmentation are performed:

1. The skin of the face (completely or separate areas) is treated with an antiseptic.
2. Anesthetic is applied, but pain relief can be dispensed with.
3. Safety glasses are worn for the client and the doctor.
4. The required skin areas are being processed.
5. A soothing cream is applied.

If the sun is active, it is recommended to use a product with an SPF of at least 30 before going outside.

PREPARATION FOR THE PROCEDURE, REHABILITATION, CONTRAINDICATIONS

The laser removes age, hormonal age spots on the face well, 1-3 sessions are enough. To minimize the risks of side effects, prepare properly for the procedure.In no case do not sunbathe for two weeks before and after laser exposure, do not go to saunas, swimming pools for at least a week before the procedure and the same after. There are restrictions on the intake of ibuprofen, aspirin and derivatives – they are removed a month before laser treatment, retinoids for 3 months. Standard contraindications for all similar cosmetic interventions are oncology, severe pathologies of blood vessels, heart, blood, diabetes mellitus. With an exacerbation of diseases, the procedure is not carried out, during lactation, pregnancy, it is also not recommended to do it.You can not treat the skin with a laser for wounds, rashes in the treatment area. A month before the procedure for face pigmentation, you need to use a cream with SPF 30 (minimum), do not use self-tanning.

RESULTS

• acquired pigmentation goes away;
• age spots-lentigo are almost completely or completely smoothed;
• the skin that has darkened as a result of active exposure to sunlight brightens;
• freckles disappear;
• hormonal stains are removed.

WHAT TO COMBINE A PROCEDURE WITH?

How to quickly remove age spots, restore skin, increase its elasticity and moisture? Due to the laser, Elos technology and mesotherapy, biorevitalization. Between the procedures, you will need to maintain an interval of 10-14 days. The injection of cocktails will improve the condition of the epidermis and accelerate recovery. Good results are obtained by peels, plasmolifting. Hardware, injection techniques, chemicals can be combined or used separately.

LASER TREATMENT FOR FACE PIGMENTATION: PRICE IN MOSCOW

The price of laser removal of pigmentation on the face depends on the volume of the treated area, depth, and intensity of the spot. The GMTClinic doctor will tell you this during the first consultation. Please note that reception is by appointment only.

RESULTS OF THE PROCEDURE: PHOTOS BEFORE AND AFTER

The price for removing age spots on the face is calculated taking into account the area of ​​the treatment area.The procedure gives guaranteed results that are noticeable after the first session, perhaps an additional course will not be required. Rehabilitation is simple, quick, but you need to take precautions. Look at the results with the before and after photos to understand what results the procedure will help you to get.

Don’t peel off the crusts and use sunscreen. Redness, swelling are possible, but they usually go away quickly.

90,000 Skin pigmentation treatment – phototherapy for age spots in Astana – VICLINICS

Pigmentation removal M22 area Face
50,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 area Face course of 3 procedures
135,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 area Face course of 4 procedures
165,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 area Face + Neck
65,000 tenge

Pigmentation removal M22 area Face + Neck course of 3 procedures
175,000 tenge

Pigmentation removal M22 area Face + Neck course of 4 procedures
220,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 Decollete zone
65,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 Decollete area course of 3 procedures
175,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 Decollete area course of 4 procedures
220,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 area Neck
18 500 tg.

Removal of pigmentation M22 zone Neck course of 3 procedures
47 000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 zone Neck course of 4 procedures
63 000 tg.

Removal of pigmentation (face + neck + decollete)
110 000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation (face + neck + décolleté) course of 3 procedures
295,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation (face + neck + décolleté) course of 4 procedures
380,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 area of ​​the Hand
25,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 area of ​​the Hands a course of 3 procedures
68,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 area of ​​the Hands a course of 4 procedures
80,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 Forehead area
18 500 tg

Pigmentation removal M22 Forehead area course of 3 procedures
47 000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 Forehead area course of 4 procedures
63 000 tg.

Pigmentation removal M22 Chin / Nose
12 000tg

Removal of pigmentation M22 Chin / Nose course of 3 procedures
28,000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 Chin / Nose course of 4 procedures
35 000 tg

Removal of pigmentation M22 Cheeks
25 000 tenge

Removal of pigmentation M22 Cheeks course of 3 procedures
68 000 tg

Removal of pigmentation M22 Cheeks course of 4 procedures
80 000 tenge

More details…

90,000 How to remove pigmentation on the face?

Sign up for the procedure

Recommended procedures

Photorejuvenation M22 (IPL-therapy) is a gentle and targeted method that is included in many programs for correcting hyperpigmentation.

Geneo + treatment – maximum hydration and lightening of age spots due to a complex effect, ideally suits the skin after sunburn.

Mesotherapy – the use of cocktails with brightening and moisturizing ingredients allows you to stop the process of melanin formation and restore skin health.

Biorevitalization – preparations with hyaluronic acid help to quickly restore the water-lipid barrier of the skin and accelerate the natural excretion of pigment.

How to remove pigmentation on the face?

Skin hyperpigmentation is the second most frequent reason for visiting cosmetology clinics in Moscow.Most often, women and aged men turn to cosmetologists and dermatologists with this problem. Slightly less often, age spots bother young people. Hyperpigmentation spots of various sizes and colors appear for different reasons, but most often patients pay attention to the appearance of pigmentation on the face. Pigmentation does not disappear “on its own”, and in some cases may indicate malignant changes in the skin.

Causes of occurrence

The pigment melanin is produced in the skin in response to harmful factors that increase the formation of free radicals on its surface.This protective reaction is designed by nature so that the skin does not lose its barrier properties. Melanin neutralizes free radicals and moves to the surface layer of the epidermis. The melanin-containing cells are then naturally exfoliated as the skin renews. But the constant presence of a harmful effect provokes a chronic accumulation of melanin in cells and a violation of its natural utilization. Thus, age spots appear.

There are three types of hyperpigmentation, depending on the depth of the pigment.

Types of hyperpigmentation according to the depth of occurrence of melanocytes

Main causes of hyperpigmentation:

• Ultraviolet radiation is the most common cause of hyperpigmentation.
• Inflammatory processes on the skin – acne and other processes that injure the skin layer, lead to a violation of its protective function.
• Hormonal changes – during pregnancy, during menopause, sharp fluctuations in the level of hormones in the blood stimulate the production of melanin.
• Taking antibiotics and drugs that increase sensitivity to ultraviolet light stimulates hyperpigmentation.
• Temperature changes and exposure to chemicals lead to intense accumulation of melanin in the skin.

Expert commentary

Dermatologist, cosmetologist, trainer of the Academy of Cosmetology Elena Oleinichenko comments:

“Hyperpigmentation (hypermelanosis) is primarily caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays. Melasma is a common concern for both men and women. Another type of hyperpigmentation – chloasma, is more typical for pregnant women.There are also post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, when dark spots remain on the skin after acne, trauma or intensive cosmetic procedures. With age, a person develops age-related lentigo. It should be understood that before removing hyperpigmentation on the face, it is necessary to examine it. There are frequent cases of degeneration of age spots into malignant neoplasms. Treatment of hyperpigmentation at the Academy of Cosmetology begins with a dermatoscopy of the skin using the FotoFinder system. After determining the concentration and depth of the pigment, as well as the absence of malignant mutations, treatment is prescribed to restore the protective properties of the skin and destroy pigmented cells.To remove hyperpigmentation, our clinic uses different protocols using advanced hardware, injection and therapeutic methods. ”

Correction of hyperpigmentation on the face is performed by hardware methods, as well as by injections and cosmetic treatment procedures. The use of laser techniques has the greatest effect – the laser discolors hyperpigmentation at any depth.

90,000 Photo removal of age spots on the face in a beauty salon on Leninsky and Moskovsky avenues, price in St. Petersburg

Features of photo removal of age spots on the face

We use special devices for non-invasive removal of unwanted pigmentation.The procedures take place without complications for the body and do not cause discomfort during the session.

Our cosmetologists use modern equipment for photorejuvenation and laser coagulation:

• in the salon on Leninsky – M22 Lumenis apparatus,
• in the Moscow showroom – BBL Sciton apparatus.

Both devices operate on the broadband principle. The light wave is absorbed by melanin and leads to its destruction. The positive effect becomes noticeable after the first sessions.

Whom is photo deletion recommended for?

Pigmented formations on the face can appear for various reasons: age-related changes, chronic ailments, hormonal imbalance, unhealthy diet, the use of low-quality cosmetics, prolonged exposure to the sun. There are different types of pigmentation:

• freckles;
• melasma;
• nevi;
• vitiligo;
• “wine stains”.

Regardless of the causes and types, the photo-removal mechanism is based on the same principle: when exposed to a light beam, melanin in cells is destroyed, but the surrounding tissues remain intact.In this case, the proteins of the cells are folded, and the pigmentation temporarily darkens. But after a few days, the skin peels off, and a new layer becomes visible.

The photo procedure is completely painless, but it leads to temporary reddening of the face. In a couple of days, the redness will subside, and you can enjoy healthy skin.

About the course of the procedure

No preliminary preparation for erasure is required. Direct removal of pigmentation is carried out as follows:

1. Customer puts on safety glasses.
2. A special cooling gel is applied to the problem area.
3. Light pulses affect the problem area.

The laser beam has a profound effect and produces amazing results. Usually 3-5 procedures are required, but the course of phototherapy is determined by the doctor, who takes into account the type of skin, the nature of the lesion and the individual characteristics of the organism.

After photo removal of pigmentation, do not expose to sunlight.

Preparation

No special preparation is required before removing freckles and age spots caused by photoaging. You can undergo photo-removal of pigmentation directly on the day of your visit to our salon.

In case of other pigmented formations or in situations where the mole increases in size, a preliminary consultation with a dermatologist may be required, who must exclude malignant degeneration of cells.

Also notify the beautician if you are taking any medications.If among them there are means that increase the photosensitivity of the skin, the doctor will adjust the laser parameters in order to prevent burns, or postpone the photo removal of pigmentation to another day when you finish the treatment.

The result of photo removal of age spots

The result is not limited to photo removal of age spots on the face, and becomes noticeable after the first procedure. The effect is manifested in the following changes:

• The complexion in the area of ​​removal of pigmentation becomes even, fresh;
• Gradual normalization of the skin moisture level – no feeling of dryness and tightness after the session;
• Elimination of age spots, moles, freckles and other pigmented neoplasms;
• Virtually no risk of scarring;
• Active regeneration of dermal cells and collagen, which is manifested by faster healing of scratches or other accidental injuries, a decrease in post-acne manifestations, an increase in the firmness and elasticity of the skin of the face.

Care instructions

In most cases, the only limitation is to try not to spend much time in the sun or to use reliable sunscreen.

But in some cases, the beautician can recommend additional methods of skin care if it is prone to irritation, or its original condition.

You can take a course of pigmentation phototherapy in St. Petersburg in our salons at 82/1 Leninsky Prospect (Krasnoselsky District, Leninsky Prospekt metro station) and 139/2 Moskovsky Prospekt (Moskovsky District, next to Elektrosila metro station).We are waiting for you every day, call and sign up.

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Pigmented spots: removal on the face and body

As a rule, these are brownish or reddish spots. Unlike moles, age spots are not palpable.

Spots are caused by an increased formation of the melanin pigment. It is produced by certain skin cells called melanocytes. Usually, these cells protect us from UV radiation and keep our skin tanned in summer. If a lot of melanin is formed in some areas, age spots appear on the skin.

There are several reasons why more melanin is produced in certain parts of the body. In addition to predisposition and too long exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation, hormonal changes play a special role. Such changes can occur in women, for example, during pregnancy or menopause, or when taking pills. In some cases, age spots recede when hormonal balance is restored.

Certain diseases can also lead to pigmentation disorders.Possible causes of age spots include:

• Skin conditions such as acne or psoriasis;
• Infectious diseases such as herpes zoster;
• Celiac disease;
• Metabolic disorders;
• Folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency.

In addition, preparations that increase the sensitivity of the skin to light can also lead to discoloration. These drugs include antibiotics, some chemotherapy drugs.

Important: always check with your dermatologist for any skin changes that are of concern to you.