What causes yeast infections in the vagina. How to recognize common symptoms of a yeast infection. What are the most effective treatment options for vaginal yeast infections. When should you see a doctor about yeast infection symptoms.

Understanding Vaginal Yeast Infections

A vaginal yeast infection, medically known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, occurs when there is an overgrowth of the yeast Candida in the vagina. While it’s normal for the vagina to contain some yeast, an imbalance can lead to uncomfortable symptoms and require treatment.

What causes yeast to overgrow?

Several factors can disrupt the vagina’s natural balance and lead to yeast overgrowth:

• Hormonal changes during menstruation or pregnancy
• Use of antibiotics or corticosteroids
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• A weakened immune system
• Tight, non-breathable clothing
• Douching or using scented feminine products

Understanding these triggers can help women take preventive measures to maintain vaginal health.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Yeast Infection

Identifying a yeast infection early can lead to quicker treatment and relief. Common symptoms include:

• Intense itching and irritation in and around the vagina
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Thick, white, odorless discharge with a cottage cheese-like consistency
• Soreness and pain in the vaginal area

Are these symptoms always indicative of a yeast infection? Not necessarily. Similar symptoms can occur with other vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of vaginal yeast infections. Healthcare providers typically diagnose yeast infections through a combination of symptoms assessment and laboratory tests.

How is a yeast infection diagnosed?

Diagnosis may involve:

1. A review of symptoms and medical history
2. A pelvic examination
3. Microscopic examination of vaginal secretions
4. Vaginal culture in some cases

Once diagnosed, treatment options for yeast infections are generally straightforward and effective.

What are the treatment options for vaginal yeast infections?

Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which can be administered in several forms:

• Over-the-counter antifungal creams, ointments, or suppositories (e.g., miconazole, clotrimazole)
• Prescription oral antifungal medication (e.g., fluconazole)
• Prescription vaginal antifungal medications for more severe infections

Most uncomplicated yeast infections clear up within a week of treatment. However, recurrent or severe infections may require longer courses of therapy or alternative treatments.

Prevention Strategies for Vaginal Yeast Infections

While it’s not always possible to prevent yeast infections entirely, certain lifestyle changes and habits can reduce the risk:

• Wearing breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoiding tight-fitting pants or pantyhose
• Changing out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
• Avoiding douching and scented feminine hygiene products
• Wiping from front to back after using the bathroom
• Maintaining good blood sugar control if diabetic
• Consuming probiotic-rich foods or supplements

Can dietary changes help prevent yeast infections? Some evidence suggests that reducing sugar intake and increasing consumption of probiotic-rich foods may help maintain vaginal health and reduce the risk of yeast overgrowth.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While mild yeast infections can often be treated with over-the-counter medications, certain situations warrant a visit to a healthcare provider:

• If it’s your first suspected yeast infection
• If symptoms persist after over-the-counter treatment
• If you experience recurrent yeast infections (4 or more in a year)
• If you’re pregnant
• If you have other health conditions like diabetes or HIV
• If you develop fever, chills, or pelvic pain

Seeking prompt medical attention in these cases can ensure proper diagnosis and treatment, preventing potential complications.

The Impact of Yeast Infections on Sexual Health

Yeast infections can significantly impact a woman’s sexual health and overall quality of life. While not classified as a sexually transmitted infection, yeast infections can be associated with sexual activity and affect intimate relationships.

Can yeast infections be transmitted through sexual contact?

While yeast infections aren’t typically considered sexually transmitted, they can sometimes be passed between sexual partners. Men can develop penile yeast infections, especially if they have unprotected sex with a partner who has a vaginal yeast infection. However, this is relatively uncommon.

Sexual activity during a yeast infection can be uncomfortable and may worsen symptoms. It’s generally recommended to abstain from sexual intercourse until the infection has cleared to prevent further irritation and potential spread of the infection.

How do yeast infections affect sexual health and relationships?

The impact of yeast infections on sexual health can be multifaceted:

• Discomfort or pain during intercourse
• Decreased libido due to symptoms
• Emotional stress and anxiety about recurring infections
• Strain on intimate relationships
• Concerns about transmitting the infection to a partner

Open communication with sexual partners about yeast infections is crucial. Educating partners about the nature of yeast infections, their treatment, and prevention can help reduce stigma and support overall sexual health.

Recurrent Yeast Infections: Causes and Management

Recurrent yeast infections, defined as four or more infections in a year, can be particularly frustrating and may indicate an underlying issue that needs addressing.

What causes recurrent yeast infections?

Several factors can contribute to recurrent yeast infections:

• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Hormonal imbalances
• Weakened immune system
• Genetic predisposition
• Frequent antibiotic use
• Use of high-estrogen birth control pills
• Tight, non-breathable clothing

In some cases, what appears to be a recurrent infection may actually be an incompletely treated previous infection or a different type of vaginal infection altogether.

How are recurrent yeast infections managed?

Management of recurrent yeast infections typically involves:

1. Longer courses of antifungal treatment
2. Maintenance therapy with weekly or monthly antifungal treatments
3. Identifying and addressing underlying causes
4. Lifestyle modifications to reduce risk factors
5. Consideration of alternative treatments, such as boric acid suppositories

Women experiencing recurrent yeast infections should work closely with their healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan and identify any underlying factors contributing to the recurrences.

Yeast Infections During Pregnancy

Yeast infections are common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that can disrupt the vaginal pH balance. While generally not harmful to the developing fetus, yeast infections during pregnancy require special consideration.

Are yeast infections more common during pregnancy?

Yes, pregnant women are more susceptible to yeast infections due to increased estrogen levels and changes in the vaginal environment. It’s estimated that up to 10% of pregnant women experience yeast infections.

How are yeast infections treated during pregnancy?

Treatment options for pregnant women with yeast infections include:

• Over-the-counter antifungal creams or suppositories (after consulting with a healthcare provider)
• Prescription antifungal medications that are safe for use during pregnancy
• Natural remedies like yogurt or probiotics (under medical supervision)

It’s crucial for pregnant women to consult their healthcare provider before using any treatment for a suspected yeast infection to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.

Pregnant women should also be aware that some symptoms of yeast infections can mimic other vaginal infections or conditions. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is essential before starting any treatment.

Natural and Alternative Treatments for Yeast Infections

While conventional antifungal treatments are the most reliable way to treat yeast infections, some women explore natural or alternative remedies. It’s important to note that the effectiveness of these treatments may vary, and they should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

What are some natural remedies for yeast infections?

Some popular natural remedies include:

• Probiotic supplements or yogurt with live cultures
• Tea tree oil (diluted and used externally)
• Garlic (both oral consumption and topical application)
• Apple cider vinegar baths
• Boric acid suppositories

Do these natural remedies work for all yeast infections? While some women report success with these methods, scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any alternative treatments, especially for severe or recurrent infections.

Are there risks associated with natural remedies?

Natural doesn’t always mean safe. Some potential risks of natural remedies include:

• Allergic reactions or skin irritation
• Interference with other medications
• Delay in receiving effective treatment
• Worsening of symptoms if misdiagnosed

Always inform your healthcare provider about any natural or alternative treatments you’re considering or using.

The Role of Probiotics in Vaginal Health

Probiotics, often referred to as “good bacteria,” play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health and potentially preventing yeast infections. These beneficial microorganisms help maintain the vagina’s natural pH balance and can compete with harmful bacteria and yeast.

How do probiotics benefit vaginal health?

Probiotics can contribute to vaginal health in several ways:

• Maintaining a healthy vaginal pH
• Producing substances that inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms
• Enhancing the immune response in the vaginal area
• Potentially reducing the risk of bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections

Can probiotics prevent or treat yeast infections? While research is ongoing, some studies suggest that certain probiotic strains, particularly Lactobacillus species, may help prevent recurrent yeast infections and support overall vaginal health.

How can women incorporate probiotics into their routine?

Probiotics can be incorporated through:

1. Dietary sources like yogurt, kefir, and fermented foods
2. Oral probiotic supplements
3. Vaginal probiotic suppositories

It’s important to choose probiotic products specifically formulated for vaginal health and to consult with a healthcare provider about the most appropriate options.

Debunking Common Myths About Yeast Infections

Misinformation about yeast infections can lead to inappropriate self-treatment or unnecessary worry. Let’s address some common myths:

Myth 1: Yeast infections are always caused by poor hygiene

Fact: While poor hygiene can contribute to yeast infections, many cases occur in women with excellent hygiene. Overwashing or using harsh soaps can actually disrupt the vaginal balance and increase the risk of infection.

Myth 2: Yeast infections are sexually transmitted

Fact: Yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections. However, sexual activity can sometimes lead to yeast overgrowth or pass yeast between partners.

Myth 3: Eating yogurt cures yeast infections

Fact: While probiotic-rich yogurt may help prevent yeast infections, it’s not a reliable cure for active infections. Proven antifungal treatments are necessary for effective treatment.

Myth 4: Douching prevents yeast infections

Fact: Douching can actually increase the risk of yeast infections by disrupting the natural vaginal flora. It’s generally not recommended as a routine hygiene practice.

Myth 5: Only women get yeast infections

Fact: While less common, men can also develop yeast infections, particularly on the penis or in the groin area.

Understanding these facts can help women make informed decisions about their vaginal health and seek appropriate care when needed.

What is a Yeast Infection?

Most healthy vaginas have yeast.  But sometimes your yeast grows too much and leads to an infection. Yeast infections can be very irritating and uncomfortable.

What causes yeast infections?

A vaginal yeast infection, which is also sometimes called vulvovaginal candidiasis, happens when the healthy yeast that normally lives in your vagina grows out of control. It often leads to itching and other irritating symptoms. The medical name for a yeast infection is “candidiasis,” because they’re usually caused by a type of yeast called candida.

If your vaginal chemistry gets thrown off balance, the normal yeast that live in your vagina can grow too much and lead to an infection. Some things that can cause changes in your vagina’s environment are:

• normal changes in hormone levels (like during your menstrual cycle)

• antibiotics, cortisone, and other drugs

• pregnancy

• diabetes

• a weak immune system

• a natural reaction to another person’s genital chemistry

Yeast infections can happen on penises and scrotums too, but it’s not as common. They can cause redness and irritation on your penis or scrotum.

Yeast infections aren’t an STD. They aren’t contagious, and can’t spread to another person during sex. But sexual contact sometimes leads to yeast infections — your body chemistry can have a bad reaction to another person’s natural genital yeast and bacteria, which causes yeast to grow.

People can also get a yeast infection on their mouth, throat, or tongue — that’s called “thrush.”

What are yeast infection symptoms?

Yeast infections often cause thick, white, clumpy vaginal discharge that usually doesn’t smell (or only smells slightly different than normal). You might also have a creamy, whitish coating in and around your vagina.

Most yeast infections lead to itching, burning, and/or redness in or around the vagina. Vaginal itching usually gets worse the longer you have the infection. Sex may be uncomfortable or painful. In extreme cases, you can get fissures or sores on your vagina or vulva. If you have lots of irritation, it may sting when you pee.

How do I treat yeast infections?

Yeast infections can usually be cured easily in a few days with anti-fungal medicine. You can get medicated creams or suppositories for yeast infections (like Monistat and other brands) at a drugstore, over-the-counter without a prescription.

Make sure you follow the directions and use all of the medicine, even if your symptoms go away before you finish. You can also treat yeast infections with a single pill that you swallow (called Diflucan or Fluconazole). You need a prescription from your doctor to get the yeast infection pill.

Don’t have vaginal or oral sex, or put anything into your vagina, until you’ve finished treatment and your infection goes away. Friction from sex can cause more irritation or make it harder to heal. And some medicines that you use in your vagina have oil in them, which can cause condoms to break.

Even though yeast infections can be really itchy, try not to scratch. It can make irritation worse or cause cuts in your skin, which can spread germs and lead to more infection. There are over-the-counter creams that you can use on your vulva to help calm the irritation. Your doctor can also give you tips on relieving burning and itching.  

If you finish your treatment and your symptoms persist for more than a week, talk to your nurse or doctor to see what’s going on. You may require further treatment or something else may be causing the irritation. You can always schedule an appointment at your local Planned Parenthood health center.

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Common Types of Vaginal Infections

What Upsets the Normal Vaginal Ecosystem

A normal, healthy vagina contains bacteria and sometimes yeast without necessarily having an infection. But certain things can change the environment in the vagina, enabling bacterial or yeast overgrowth and causing symptoms. These include:

• Douching, or rinsing the vagina with water or other liquid
• Female hormone level changes
• Taking antibiotics
• Vaginal intercourse
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding

While not all of these can be avoided, douching is unnecessary and potentially harmful.

RELATED: 8 Rules for a Healthy Vagina

The Most Common Types of Vaginal Infections

There are three very common types of vaginal infections, says Cynthia Krause, MD, assistant clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City: yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection.

Yeast Infection

The most common type of vaginitis, a yeast infection is caused by one of the many types of fungus known as candida. According to Dr. Krause, “There are many species of yeast, or candida — Candida albicans is the most common.”

Normally, candida live harmlessly in your body in small numbers, including in the vagina. But under certain conditions, an overgrowth of candida can occur, causing a vaginal infection.

Those conditions might include hormone level changes due to pregnancy, birth control pills, or menstruation. Some other conditions that raise the risk of vaginal yeast infections include having frequent or chronic high blood sugar and having lowered immunity because of a medical condition such as HIV or AIDS.

Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include a thick, white discharge that some women describe as resembling cottage cheese. Yeast infections also can cause vaginal itching and redness of the vulva (the lips of the external female genital area) and vagina.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Along with yeast, “friendly” bacteria called lactobacilli live in the vagina. When the number of lactobacilli gets too low, it can trigger a condition called bacterial vaginosis (BV).

Why bacteria levels change is not known, but the normal lactobacilli can be replaced by other, infection-causing bacteria.

“Gardnerella is the bacteria most often associated with bacterial vaginosis,” Krause says. “It is the lack of lactobacilli and overgrowth with these other bacteria that cause the symptoms of infection.”

With bacterial vaginosis, a woman may see a thick or whitish discharge or one that is slippery and clear. It is not likely to itch or burn. A fishy odor may be noticeable, especially during intercourse.

Trichomoniasis

“Of the three most common vaginal infections, trichomonas vaginitis, also called trichomoniasis, is the only one that is a true sexually transmitted infection,” Krause says.

Commonly called “trich,” it is caused by a single-celled parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, and is passed from partner to partner during intercourse.

The symptoms of trichomoniasis are similar to other vaginal infections: burning, irritation, redness, and swelling of the vulva, with a yellow-gray or greenish vaginal discharge, possibly with a fishy odor. Some women also experience pain during urination.

RELATED: Large Racial Disparity in World’s Most Common STI

Other Conditions That Affect the Vagina

Other common vaginal infections and causes of vaginal itching include:

Chlamydia Vaginitis 

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause inflammation of the vagina. Some women will have a discharge with chlamydia and some will not. If the infection spreads beyond the vagina and cervix, women may experience bleeding between periods or after vaginal intercourse, according to Planned Parenthood.

“Sexually active women up to age 26 should be tested annually for chlamydia because it so often comes without symptoms and can linger and do a fair amount of damage to fertility,” Dr. Moore says.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is another, highly contagious sexually transmitted infection that often doesn’t cause any symptoms but can cause vaginal discharge, pain during urination, and pain during vaginal sex.

Women who have gonorrhea often also have chlamydia, so a woman who tests positive for one of these bacterial infections will often also be treated for the other.

Noninfectious Vaginitis

Noninfectious vaginitis occurs when the skin around the vagina becomes sensitive to an irritant, such as scented tampons, perfumed soaps, or fabric softeners. This is not an infection, and the solution is simple: “Not to be exposed to whatever you are having a reaction to,” Moore says.

Another form of noninfectious vaginitis is called atrophic vaginitis, and it typically occurs when female hormone levels decrease around the time of menopause, and the vaginal walls become thinner, drier, and less flexible.

RELATED: 10 Symptoms of Menopause and Perimenopause

Vulvodynia: Persistent Pain of the Vulva

In vulvodynia women have chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva without a known cause. The symptoms are similar to vaginal infections: burning, stinging, rawness, soreness, and swelling. Symptoms may be constant or occasional.

Viral Vaginitis

Viruses also can cause vaginal infections. Most viruses that directly affect the vagina are spread through sexual contact.

“The herpes simplex virus is a common cause of viral vaginosis,” Moore says. Symptoms include pain in the genital area from lesions or sores. Most of the time, you can see the sores on the vulva or vagina, but they can also be hidden and seen only during an examination by your gynecologist.

Treatment for Vaginal Infections

All of these conditions can be treated, but it’s important to know which type of infection or other condition you have so it can be treated correctly.

“Yeast medication is available over the counter if you are certain that it is a yeast infection,” Krause says, but “sometimes women think they have a yeast infection and it is actually something else. If you try over-the-counter medications and they don’t work, you should see a doctor.”

Additional reporting by Ingrid Strauch.

Vaginal yeast infection (thrush): Overview – InformedHealth.org

Introduction

Vaginal yeast infections (thrush) can cause itching, burning or abnormal vaginal discharge. In many women the external (outer) sex organs such as the labia are inflamed too. Sometimes vaginal yeast infections don’t cause any symptoms at all.

Vaginal yeast infections occur when too much yeast grows in the vagina, leading to an inflammation. Yeast is a type of fungus. Along with bacterial infections (bacterial vaginosis), yeast infections are among the most common causes of inflammation in the vagina and on the outer part of the female genitals.

Women are particularly likely to have vaginal yeast infections during certain phases of life, such as pregnancy. Other things that increase their risk include a weakened immune system and taking certain medications.

Yeast infections often clear up after a short course of treatment with vaginal suppositories or creams. Sometimes it can be a good idea to take tablets.

Symptoms

The typical symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection are itching, an unpleasant burning feeling and pain. The membranes lining the vagina become red and have a whitish coating. The symptoms may get worse a few days before your period starts. If the inflammation has spread to the external genitals, areas such as the labia might be red and swollen too.

Vaginal yeast infections often lead to a whitish-yellowish vaginal discharge. It can be watery or chunky, a bit like curdled milk or cottage cheese. Sex can be painful when you have a yeast infection. If the urethra (the tube that you pee out of) is inflamed too, peeing also hurts.

Causes and risk factors

Vaginal yeast infections are usually caused by a type of yeast called Candida albicans. It’s normal for this yeast to live in the mucous membranes lining the genitals. There are usually only small amounts of it, though, so it doesn’t cause any problems.

But the healthy balance of microorganisms (germs) living in the membranes is sometimes disrupted – for instance, through pregnancy or medication.

The level of estrogen in the body is particularly high during pregnancy. That can upset the healthy balance and increase the likelihood of developing a vaginal yeast infection. Taking the contraceptive pill (birth control pill) affects a woman’s hormone levels in a similar way to pregnancy. So women who take the pill are also more likely to have yeast infections.

Some illnesses increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections. These include diabetes and other diseases that weaken the immune system. Various medications can increase the risk too, such as antibiotics, steroids, hormone therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Other factors that increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections include stress, washing your genitals with soap, wearing synthetic and tight clothes, sweating and using “non-breathable” panty liners or sanitary pads. These things allow the yeast to thrive, leading to an inflammation.

Sometimes women catch the infection from someone else, if a lot of the yeast get into the vagina from the outside – for instance, through sex with a man who has a yeast infection on the glans (head) of his penis.

Prevalence and outlook

Yeast infections are the second most common cause of vaginal inflammations (bacterial infections are the most common cause). Up to 75 out of 100 women have a vaginal yeast infection at least once in their life. These infections are most common in women of childbearing age. If women get yeast infections after menopause, it may be due to taking medication such as estrogen hormones.

The symptoms are often very mild, and sometimes there are no symptoms at all. They are only rarely severe. Then more intensive treatment is needed. This is also necessary if a woman has yeast infections several times a year or if the infections are caused by a weakened immune system.

Effects

If the membranes lining the vagina are inflamed or if itchy skin in the outer genital area is scratched open, that also makes it easier for other germs to thrive there, making the symptoms worse. The inflammation can also easily spread to nearby tissue, such as the opening of the urethra.

Serious complications are very rare and are usually associated with a weakened immune system, for instance due to cancer treatment or AIDS. Then the inflammation can get worse and spread further.

In pregnant women, vaginal infections can somewhat increase the risk of complications such as premature labor, miscarriage, or premature birth in pregnant women. Vaginal yeast infections can also be passed on to babies during the birth. This could lead to diaper rash (nappy rash) or to an inflammation in the membranes lining the newborn baby’s mouth, for instance.

People who have a medical problem in their genital area are often embarrassed to talk about it. As a result, women may put off treating a yeast infection or they may not tell their partner about it. This can make the infection last longer than necessary and increase the risk of infecting others.

Diagnosis

Vaginal yeast infections can usually be diagnosed based on a description of the symptoms and by looking at the lining of the vagina. If the doctor isn’t sure, they may take a sample of vaginal discharge fluid and examine it to look for yeast.

Women who keep getting yeast infections or have severe symptoms may need to have further tests in order to find out whether they have certain risk factors such as a weakened immune system. If you have recurrent yeast infections it may be a good idea for your partner to go to the doctor and be checked too.

Prevention

People who have a weakened immune system are sometimes advised to take medicine to prevent fungal infections (known as antifungal drugs or antimycotics). Some women also use antifungal medication while taking antibiotics, as a precaution. But there’s not enough good research to be able to say whether this helps to prevent vaginal yeast infections. Women who are otherwise healthy don’t need to take any special preventive measures. If your partner has a yeast infection, it’s best to wait until the infection has cleared up before having sex with them again, otherwise you might catch it from them.

Some women use special products containing probiotics. Depending on the type of product, they are either swallowed or inserted into the vagina. The aim is to restore or promote a healthy balance of germs (healthy vaginal flora). But there’s not enough good research in this area to be able to say whether probiotics can prevent yeast infections.

Some things do more harm than good: For instance, women should avoid using vaginal douches or female intimate hygiene products. These products upset the natural balance of germs, increasing the risk of infections.

Treatment

One course of treatment is usually enough – in the form of a suppository or cream placed inside the vagina using an applicator, so it comes into contact with the inflamed tissue lining the vagina. The recommended duration of treatment varies, depending on the product used. But it usually takes only 1 to 6 days. The treatment can cause burning or itching.

Some medications can also be taken orally (swallowed) in the form of a single tablet. But that can lead to interactions with other medications and result in side effects such as nausea, diarrhea or a headache. Oral antifungal medication also isn’t suitable for pregnant women.

If you have frequently recurring yeast infections or an increased risk of complications – for instance, due to a weakened immune system – it can be a good idea to seek medical advice from a doctor. You may then need a more intensive treatment, such as antifungal tablets for several months. It usually isn’t necessary for your partner to be treated. This is only done if they have a genital yeast infection too.

It’s also possible to use suppositories or capsules containing live lactic acid bacteria (probiotics). These treatments are designed to protect and restore the natural balance of germs in the vagina (the vaginal flora). There’s not yet enough evidence to say whether they work.

Some women also insert garlic cloves or tampons – for instance, soaked in tea tree oil – into their vagina. Others use natural yogurt to improve the pH inside their vagina (make it more acidic). But there’s a lack of research on how effective or safe these kinds of home remedies are. The possible risks include allergic reactions or irritated mucous membranes.

It’s never a good idea to use a vaginal douche because that could make the inflammation worse.

Yeast infections—vaginal | CATIE – Canada’s source for HIV and hepatitis C information

Summary

A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection of the vagina or vulva that can cause discomfort, itching and a white discharge. Yeast infections are extremely common: most women will get at least one at some point in their lives. Women with HIV—especially women with low CD4 counts—are particularly prone to getting them. Fortunately, effective treatments are widely available.

Potent combination therapy for HIV (called ART) can strengthen the immune system and greatly reduce the risk for yeast infections occurring in the first place.

What is a vaginal yeast infection?

A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection of the vagina and/or vulva. A yeast infection can also affect the anal area. It is caused by an overgrowth of yeast, or candida—a fungus normally found in the vagina, mouth and gastrointestinal tract, as well as on the skin. Candida is part of the normal “flora” of bacteria and fungi that live in the human body. When your immune system is strong and healthy, it maintains a balance of candida. This balance can be upset when your immune system is weakened or you are taking antibiotics, which in turn can lead to a yeast infection.

Who is at risk for yeast infections?

Many women get yeast infections—in fact, most will get at least one at some point in their lives. HIV-positive women tend to get them more often and may have more difficulty getting rid of them. As a person’s immune system gets weaker and their CD4 count drops below 350 cells/mL, they become more prone to getting a yeast infection and the infection may be more severe.

A woman may also get a yeast infection as a result of:

• taking certain medications, such as antibiotics, hormones (including contraceptives such as “the pill”) or corticosteroids
• stress
• lack of sleep
• being pregnant
• having diabetes
• eating a lot of starchy or sugary foods. Sugar is added to many processed foods so read the label to find out if sugar has been added to foods that you are eating. Sugar can appear as glucose, fructose, glucose-fructose and so on. Some manufacturers add juices that are tend to have high levels of naturally occurring sugar such as grape juice to some foods. All of these help to feed yeasts.

It is possible for a man who has sexual contact with an infected partner to develop symptoms, such as itching and a rash on the penis, but this is relatively uncommon.

Symptoms

A yeast infection can cause the following symptoms:

• vaginal itching or burning
• redness and swelling of the vulva
• a thick, white vaginal discharge
• a burning sensation while urinating
• pain during intercourse

Diagnosis

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important that you see your doctor to confirm that you do indeed have a yeast infection, as these symptoms can have other causes that would require a different kind of treatment.

Your doctor will do a pelvic exam—he or she will take a swab of the vagina and have the sample examined under a microscope—to determine whether candida is the cause of the symptoms.

If you do have a yeast infection, try to abstain from sexual activity until the infection has cleared. Otherwise, you might make the vaginal irritation worse and you and your sex partner could re-infect each other.

Treatment

Fortunately, the symptoms of a yeast infection usually disappear completely with the right treatment.

Treatment for yeast infections include:

• Local treatments, which treat a particular area affected by the infection
• Systemic treatments, which treat an infection that affects the whole body

Local treatments

Many yeast infections can be treated with products you can purchase over-the-counter (without a prescription) at a drugstore. These include vaginal suppositories (a medicine you insert vaginally), creams or lozenges. The more commonly used drugs include clotrimazole (sold under the brand names Canesten and Clotrimaderm) and miconazole (sold under the brand names Micozole and Monistat). These treatments are relatively inexpensive and cause almost no side effects. However, they can be messy and often take longer to work than systemic treatments. Your doctor will let you know what kind of treatment is suitable for you.

Systemic treatments

If your yeast infections are more persistent—they do not clear up with local treatment or they keep recurring—your doctor may prescribe a drug (pills taken orally) that circulates in the bloodstream throughout your body. Although systemic treatments for yeast infections are more convenient and take effect more quickly than local treatments, they are more expensive if you don’t have drug coverage. They can also cause side effects and interact with other drugs. For many women, an effective systemic treatment for yeast infections is the anti-fungal drug fluconazole (Diflucan) taken once a day for one to three days.

Prevention

There are several things you can do to keep the candida that normally lives in our bodies under control. If you have HIV, the best way to prevent a yeast infection is to take ART to maintain a strong immune system.

To avoid getting a yeast infection or to minimize the symptoms of a yeast infection if you already have one, you can also try the following:

• Cut down on the amount of sugar and starchy foods you eat.

• Eat unsweetened yogurt with live bacterial culture (Lactobacillus acidophilus). Eating about a cup of plain yogurt that contains “live” or “active” cultures every day may help reduce the recurrence of yeast infections. The label of yogurt usually states whether the bacterial cultures are live or active. Supplements of Lactobacillus acidophilus, available at most health food stores, can also help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the body and reduce the risk of yeast infections.

• Avoid underwear that is tight or made of synthetic material.

• When you have your period, change your pads and tampons frequently.

• Change out of a wet swimsuit and exercise clothes as soon as you can.

• Avoid hot tubs and very hot baths.

  REFERENCES:

1. Borges S, Silva J, Teixeira P. The role of lactobacilli and probiotics in maintaining vaginal health. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2014 Mar;289(3):479-89.

2. Lasarte S, Samaniego R, Salinas-Muñoz L, et al. Sex hormones coordinate neutrophil immunity in the vagina by controlling chemokine gradients. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2016 Feb 1;213(3):476-84.

3. Merenstein D, Hu H, Wang C, et al. Colonization by Candida species of the oral and vaginal mucosa in HIV-infected and noninfected women. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 2013 Jan;29(1):30-4.

4. Ohmit SE, Sobel JD, Schuman P, et al. Longitudinal study of mucosal Candida species colonization and candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and at-risk HIV-seronegative women. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2003 Jul 1;188(1):118-27.

Vaginal Yeast Infection Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Top things to know

• Yeast is commonly found in the vagina, but when it overgrows it can cause a yeast infection

• Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection often include itching and abnormal discharge that is typically thick and white

• Vaginal yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter or prescription medications

What is a yeast infection?

Yeast is a single-celled microorganism which can live in the vagina. Yeast is found in the vaginas of most people at some point in their lives, and also lives on the skin, in the mouth, and intestines (1).

Yeast can be present in the vagina and cause no problem or symptoms, but occasionally it overgrows and invades the vaginal tissue, leading to a yeast infection (2). Vaginal yeast infections are called vulvovaginal candidiasis because Candida is the species of yeast that causes almost all vaginal yeast infections (3).

It is often reported that 3 in 4 women will experience at least one vaginal yeast infection in their lifetime and 1 in 2 will have more than one. Data, though, is actually lacking to determine the true rate of vaginal yeast infections (4). It’s difficult to determine exactly how prevalent they are because it is commonly self-diagnosed and treated with over-the-counter medications (2).

Yeast infection symptoms

The most common symptoms of a yeast infection are:

• Burning or itching of the vulva and/or the vagina

• Abnormal vaginal discharge (5)

• Thick, white discharge, like cottage cheese (5).

• Burning during urination

• Pain during sex (2)

The discomfort caused by a yeast infection can range from mild to severe, and can impact a person’s ability to go about their daily life.

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What causes a yeast infection?

It’s often impossible to pinpoint the reason someone gets a yeast infection. But there are some things that may increase the chance of developing a yeast infection, including pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, taking estrogen, and being in an immunocompromised state due to something like HIV or cancer (2,5).

Using antibiotics, oral contraceptive pills, and IUDs may increase the risk of getting a yeast infection for some people but not in others (5). Some studies suggest that the use of pads and tampons, or wearing tight synthetic clothing increases the risk for yeast infections, while other studies suggest there is no link between these and yeast infections (2,5).

Yeast infections are not considered to be sexually transmitted—someone can get a yeast infection without ever having had sex— but frequent and recent penis-in-vagina or oral-vulva sex may increase the risk of getting a yeast infection (5). A sex partner of someone diagnosed with a yeast infection does not need to be treated, unless they are experiencing symptoms of a yeast infection themself (6).

How is a yeast infection diagnosed?

Many people may self-diagnose a yeast infection when they are experiencing symptoms. One small study showed that among women who believed they had a yeast infection, only 1 out of 3 of them actually had one, and women who had been diagnosed in the past by a healthcare provider weren’t any better at correctly making the diagnosis (7).

The symptoms of a yeast infection can be similar to other common vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis, so talking to a healthcare provider is a good idea to make sure the proper treatment is provided.

To diagnose a yeast infection, a healthcare provider will ask about symptoms and do a pelvic exam. They will examine the vulva (external genitalia) and may perform a speculum exam to examine the inside walls of the vagina. They will look to see if the vulva or vagina appear red, swollen, or if any discharge is present (6). They may swab the inside of the vagina and either send it to a lab or look under a microscope to determine if yeast is present (6).

How is a yeast infection treated?

Treating a yeast infection is usually simple and straightforward with over-the-counter or prescription antifungal medication.

Someone who is experiencing symptoms of a yeast infection can try an over-the-counter vaginal cream or suppository, such as:

• clotrimazole

• miconazole

• tioconazole (6).

These medications are used vaginally for 1-7 days.

If the symptoms don’t go away after treatment, it may be a different kind of infection and should be checked by a healthcare provider. The prescription medication, fluconazole, is a single pill that is taken by mouth (6). While the pill is less messy, the creams start relieving symptoms faster. It’s important to know that the creams may weaken latex condoms, causing them to break. Both the vaginal and oral treatments have similar cure rates— around 80-90% (6,8).

Alternative yeast infection treatments

There are alternative approaches to treating a yeast infection.

Boric acid capsules used vaginally for 2 weeks are about 70% effective at curing a yeast infection, but can cause irritation (6,9).

The use of probiotics in the vagina or by mouth along with using an antifungal medication may slightly increase the chance of curing a yeast infection, compared to using an antifungal medication alone (10).

Tea tree oil and garlic both have antifungal properties, but there is not enough research to show that they are effective at treating a yeast infection (9,11).

Consuming yogurt also lacks enough research to say whether it is helpful in fighting yeast, but it’s unlikely to be harmful (9,11).

Douching is not effective for treating yeast, and can actually increase the risk of getting STIs, HIV, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and other vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis (9,11,12).

After yeast infection treatment

It can take 1-2 days before someone feels relief from their symptoms. In the meantime, wearing loose fitting clothing and trying to stay cool may help soothe the itch and discomfort. Avoid scratching, because this can cause breaks in the skin which can become infected. It’s best to not have sex until a yeast infection is gone because sex can cause more discomfort, and the vaginal creams and suppositories may weaken latex condoms.

Article was originally published July 26, 2018

Pediatric Vulvovaginitis

What is Pediatric Vulvovaginitis?

Nonspecific Vulvovaginitis

In childhood, the infection usually begins in the vulva, with secondary spread to the vagina. In adolescence, particularly after the onset of sexual intercourse, vaginal involvement is primary. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) is very rare in children unless the child is immunocompromised or on antibiotics.

Young girls are particularly susceptible to vulvovaginitis. Because the genital area is close to the rectum, bacteria (and sometimes parasites –like pinworms) spreads easily. In addition, children can spread bacterial respiratory infections from their nose and mouth to the vulva. Infection with sexually transmitted pathogens suggests  sexual abuse.

In addition, vulvar skin is thin and sensitive to trauma from scratching, rubbing from tight-fitting clothing, or exposure to irritants like harsh soaps or bubble baths.

Yeast Vulvovaginitis

Everyone has a fungus called candida, which is typically found in the intestines, mouth, skin and the tissues around the genital areas. When, candida grows out of control, it causes a yeast infection. Candida flourishes in warm, dark areas, such as the vagina or armpit.

What are the different types of Pediatric Vulvovaginitis?

Nonspecific Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation of the vulva and vaginal tissues .  This is common problem in prepubertal girls.  It is typically not caused by a specific pathogen and is not treated with antibiotics.  It can also be caused by infection, irritation, a  foreign body, allergy, or systemic disease.

Yeast Vulvovaginitis

Pediatric yeast infection is a general term that describes when a naturally occurring fungus grows in excess and causes irritation.

• Toddler (1 to 3 years) yeast infection – This infection creates a rash in the armpit, diaper area, mouth and neck.
• Vaginal yeast infection – This is the most common type of yeast infection. Approximately 75 percent of all women will have at least one during her lifetime.   Yeast infections are uncommon in normal prepubertal girls, so treatment is usually avoided in these girls.

What are the signs and symptoms of Pediatric Vulvovaginitis?

Nonspecific Vulvovaginitis

• Abnormal odor
• Burning sensation during urination
• Discharge
• Discomfort, pain, or itching
• Vulvar irritation
• Vulvar redness

Yeast Vulvovaginitis

• Itching and irritation
• Pain during urination
• Pain during intercourse
• Rashes
• Vaginal swelling
• White, thick coating on tongue

How is Pediatric Vulvovaginitis diagnosed?

If your daughter has symptoms of vulvovaginitis, her doctor will first ask about her symptoms as well as about:

• Bathroom habits and hygiene
• Recent respiratory infections
• Use of soaps and bubble baths

Her doctor will then examine the vulvar area and may swab the area to test for bacterial and other infections.  If the doctor suspects a foreign body is present, he or she will conduct a pelvic exam and remove it.

What are the causes of Pediatric Vulvovaginitis?

The prepubertal vulva and vagina is easily irritated by urine, sweat, stool, soaps, and perfumed products.  This can cause discharge which further irritates the skin of the vulva. 

How is Pediatric Vulvovaginitis treated?

In many cases, vulvovaginitis does not need to be treated with anything more than improved hygiene and vulvar care. This includes:

• Making sure your daughter wipes from front to back after using the bathroom
• Using toilet paper without perfumes or dyes
• Avoiding the use of harsh or perfumed soaps and bubble baths, which can irritate the vulva
• Patting the vulvar area dry after bathing, or allowing it to air dry
• Avoiding tight-fitting, non-breathable clothing and underwear
• Washing clothes in a mild detergent with no rinse or dryer additives
• Discouraging the child from touching the area when sick
• Taking “sitz baths” in lukewarm water to soothe inflammation
• Barrier emollients such as Vaseline, Aquaphor ointment, Desitin, or coconut oil can be applied to the vulva to decrease the itching

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a low-dose topical steroid to reduce itching and inflammation.  If these methods don’t work, and vulvovaginitis is caused by infection, her doctor may prescribe antibiotics (or an anthelmintic in the case of pinworm infection).

The Differences Between a UTI and a Yeast Infection

There are two types of infections that commonly affect a woman’s genital area—Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), and Yeast infection. Though the symptoms and causes of both infections are the same, they are altogether different. You should always seek the help of a doctor once these infections set in.

What Is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

A UTI is an infection that affects the urinary system of the body, including the urethra, bladder, ureters, and the kidney. Women are more susceptible to UTI than men due to their body structure.

What Are the Causes of a UTI?

A UTI is mainly caused by bacteria, though fungi and viruses can also be the reason. UTI’s can be of two types—lower tract infection involving the urethra and bladder, and upper tract infection involving the ureters and the kidneys.

Any factor that can irritate the urinary tract can cause a UTI:

• Pregnancy
• Weak immune system
• Diabetes that is not properly controlled
• Age
• Long-term catheter use

What Are the Symptoms of a UTI?

The symptoms of a UTI depend on which part of the urinary system is infected. If the lower tract is infected, then the symptoms often involve abdominal pain, along with frequent, painful urination. Urine from an infected lower tract is typically cloudy, and has a strong odor.

Upper urinary tract infection involves the kidney. It is considered to be more dangerous, as there is a chance for the bacteria to enter the blood. The symptoms of this type of infection include fever, nausea, and chills. However, what most distinguishes this type of infection is pain in the upper back in sides, indicating an infection in one or both kidneys.

How is UTI Treated?

For UTI treatment, your doctor will typically do a urine culture, to determine the type of infection. If the infection is caused by bacteria, the doctor may recommend antibiotics—oral antibiotics for lower tract infection, and intravenous antibiotics for upper tract infection. If the infection is caused by a virus, then the doctor will recommend antiviral medication.

4 Ways You Can Help

Prevent a UTI

• • 1. Drink plenty of water : Drinking plenty of water ensures that your urine gets diluted, and that you urinate more frequently. This will help flush out the unwanted bacteria from the body. In addition to water, you can also drink cranberry juice, as it is considered to be effective in preventing UTI’s.
    2. Clean your genitals from front to back : Cleaning the genitals from front to back, especially after urination and bowel movements, ensures that the bacteria in the anal region does not spread to the vagina and urethra. This helps in preventing UTIs to a large extent.
    3. Clean after intercourse: Make sure that you clean your genitals properly after intercourse, ideally as soon as possible. Also, drink a lot of water to flush out bacteria.
    4. Avoid products that irritate the genitals : Female products like deodorant and powder can irritate the genital area. Similarly, try to avoid douching and bubble bath as much as possible to prevent the occurrence of a UTI.

What is a Yeast Infection?

Yeast infection is an infection that affects the vagina and vulva. It is a very common type of infection, and affects 3 out of 4 women. Otherwise called Vaginal Candidiasis, a yeast infections occur for a variety of different reasons, including oral sex.

What are the Symptoms of Yeast Infection?

Yeast infections have very distinct symptoms that are easy to recognize from other kinds of infections. These symptoms include any or all of the following:

• • • A burning sensation while urinating
    • Itching of the vagina followed by redness and swelling.
    • A white, odorless vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese.
    • Watery vaginal discharge

What Are the Causes of Yeast Infection?

As we mentioned earlier, the causes of a yeast infection can be many and varied. All women have a balanced mix of yeast and bacteria in their vagina. If this balance is disturbed, an overgrowth of yeast occurs, which results in a yeast infection.

The main reasons for this yeast overgrowth include:

• • • Pregnancy
    • Hormone tablets or contraceptives that increases the estrogen level in the body
    • Use of antibiotics that can disturb the natural vaginal components
    • Diabetes which is not controlled properly

How is Yeast Infection Treated?

Yeast infection treatment is typically administered through antifungal medication. Your doctor will prescribe an oral tablet, a topical cream, or a suppository, depending on the severity. The duration of the treatment also varies accordingly.

How to Prevent the Occurrence of Yeast Infection?

Except in the cases of pregnancy and hormone therapy, it is possible to control the occurrence of yeast infections. By taking any of the following precautions, you can drastically reduce your chances of infection:

• • • Always wear neat, clean cotton panties that allow air to pass through
    • Avoid tight-fitting clothes like pantyhose, especially during humid weather
    • Avoid douching, as it can remove the good bacteria from the vagina
    • Avoid using scented pads and tampons.
    • Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotic

Though they are often lumped together, UTI and vaginal infection are not the same thing. Both infections affect different systems of the body, and should be treated in a different manner. That said, eating a balanced diet and drinking plenty of water keeps you fit and helps you to fight the infections.

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90,000 Symptoms, Causes and Treatment of Yeast Infection

Author: Female staff

Yeast infections are an unpleasantly common problem for women, affecting three out of every four. Most women experience itching and discharge of yeast infection symptoms at least twice in their lives for reasons beyond their control. Read on to find out about this common problem.

Common symptoms of yeast infection

Yeast infection symptoms can disrupt your lifestyle.These may differ from case to case, but common features include:

• Itching and irritation around the vagina and vulva
• Burning sensation during sex or when using the toilet
• Redness or swelling of the vagina and vulva.
• Pain or soreness in the vagina
• Profuse watery or thick white cottage cheese-like discharge

Causes of yeast infection

Bacteria and fungi naturally live in the vagina.In most cases, they stay in balance and do not cause problems. However, sometimes too many fungi or too few bacteria cause you a yeast infection. In addition, many factors can cause an imbalance of bacteria and fungi in the vagina. These include:

• antibiotic use
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Bad Eating Habits
• Stress
• Lack of sleep
• Wearing tight or damp clothing, underwear or swimwear.
• pregnancy
• Birth control pills
• Weakened immune system

How yeast infections are diagnosed

To diagnose a yeast infection, your gynecologist will ask you a few questions and perform a pelvic exam. Your doctor may take a sample of your vaginal discharge with a swab for analysis in a laboratory. These lab tests can determine which fungus is causing your yeast infection. Determining the type of fungus can help you get better treatment.

Treatment of yeast infections

Fortunately, most yeast infections are easy to treat. To get rid of the infection, you may only need one tablet to get rid of the infection. You can also use over-the-counter or prescription medications such as antifungal creams, pills, or suppositories.

Before purchasing over-the-counter products, we recommend that you consult with your doctor about a fungal infection. The symptoms of a yeast infection can be similar to those of bacterial vaginosis.Using antifungal drugs for bacterial vaginosis can make the infection worse.

More serious yeast infections or recurrent yeast infections may require more tablets or longer treatment with antifungal creams. Finally, your doctor can help you determine which treatment is right for you.

Prevention of yeast infection

If you have recurrent fungal infections, you can try to prevent them with condoms.You can keep getting infected with yeast from your partner, or semen can upset the balance of your vagina.

Also, protect your vagina by wearing loose cotton underwear, avoiding pantyhose, and avoiding very hot baths or hot tubs. You should also only use antibiotics when needed. Antibiotics can kill bacteria in the vagina, which are needed to maintain a healthy balance.

Need help preventing or treating a yeast infection? Contact Women’s Care to help you improve your gynecological health.You can find a doctor here.

90,000 How to Recognize Signs of a Yeast Infection: 6 Steps (With Photo) – Tip

Fungal infection is a very common disease caused by yeast. fungal microorganisms albicans cause. Candida is part of the flora that lives in the vagina along with n

Contents

Fungal infection is a very common disease caused by yeast. fungal microorganisms albicans cause. Candida is part of the flora that lives in the vagina along with beneficial bacteria and is usually controlled by the immune system. However, sometimes the balance between yeast and bacteria can be disturbed, resulting in overgrowth of yeast and yeast infections ( vaginal candidiasis ). Most women get a yeast infection once in a lifetime. This can be very uncomfortable, so it’s important to know if you have a fungal infection and seek help immediately.

Steps

Part 1 of 2: Assessing Symptoms

1. Watch for symptoms. There are a number of physical signs that indicate a yeast infection. The most common symptoms include:

   • Itching (especially around the vulva or around the vaginal opening).
   • Pain, redness and discomfort in the vaginal area.
   • Pain or burning sensation when urinating or intercourse.
   • Thick discharge (like cottage cheese), white and odorless in the vagina.Note that not all women have these symptoms.

2. Think about the possible reasons. If you are not sure if you have a yeast infection, think about the most common causes of a yeast infection:

   • Antibiotics Many women develop a yeast infection within a few days of taking antibiotics. Antibiotics kill certain beneficial bacteria in the body, including bacteria that prevent yeast from growing, which leads to yeast infection.If you have recently taken an antibiotic and have a burning and itching sensation in your vagina, you may have a fungal infection.
   • Periods Women are more likely to contract yeast during their period. During menstruation, the hormone estrogen produces glycogen (a form of sugar found in cells). When progesterone is elevated, cells in the vagina slough off, providing the yeast with sugar to reproduce and grow. So, if you notice any of these symptoms during your period, you may have a fungal infection.
   • Birth control pills Certain oral contraceptives and emergency contraception can alter hormone levels (mainly estrogen), which in turn can lead to yeast infections.
   • Douching – The douching method is mainly used to cleanse the vagina after menstruation. According to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, regular douching can alter the balance of flora and acidity in the vagina, thereby disrupting the balance between beneficial bacteria and microbes.harmful bacteria. Probiotic levels help maintain an acidic environment, and killing beneficial bacteria can lead to overgrowth of harmful bacteria, leading to yeast infections.
   • Available State Certain diseases or health conditions, such as HIV or diabetes, can also cause yeast infections.
   • Overall Well-Being Illness, obesity, poor sleep and stress can increase your risk of developing a yeast infection.

3. Check pH at home. You can do a test to guess if you have a fungal infection. The normal vaginal pH is around 4, which means mild acidity. Follow the instructions that came with the test kit.

   • When you test your pH, you apply a piece of pH paper to the vaginal wall for a few seconds and then compare the color of the paper to the chart in the test kit. The number on the chart represents the color that most closely matches the color of the sheet of paper; this is the number that indicates the pH of your vagina.
   • If the test results are higher than 4, it is best to see a doctor. This not indicates a yeast infection, which may be a sign of another infection.
   • If the test shows less than 4, it is possible (but not necessary) that it is a fungal infection.

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Part 2 of 2: See your doctor for a diagnosis

1. Make an appointment with your doctor. If you have never had a yeast infection in the past, or are not sure if you have one, you should make an appointment with your doctor or gynecologist.This is the only way of course to find out if you have a fungal infection. It is important to get an accurate diagnosis as many vaginal infections are often mistaken for a yeast infection. In fact, although yeast infections are very common among women, it is very difficult to diagnose yourself correctly. Research shows that only 35% of women with a history of yeast infection can make an accurate diagnosis based on symptoms alone.

   • If you have your period, consider waiting until your period is over before contacting your doctor, if possible.But if you have severe symptoms, you should see your doctor as soon as possible, even during your period.
   • If you go to a consultation clinic and not your regular doctor, you must bring your complete medical history with you.
   • Pregnant women should not get treatment for a yeast infection before consulting a doctor.

2. Get a medical examination, including a vaginal one. To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will examine the labia and vulva for infection, usually without a complete examination of the pelvic organs.Your doctor will then use a cotton swab to take a sample of your vaginal discharge to examine under a microscope for yeast or other signs of infection. This is called a white blood smear test and is the first method to identify a vaginal yeast infection. Your doctor may order other tests to rule out other causes of symptoms, such as sexually transmitted infections.

   • Yeast can be identified under a microscope by the shape of its buds or twigs.
   • Not all yeast infections are caused by the yeast Candida albicans; In addition to Candida albicans, there are several other types of yeast.Sometimes yeast culture testing is required if the infection recurs.
   • Remember that there are many possible causes of vaginal discomfort, including other infections such as bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. For example, many of the symptoms of a yeast infection are very similar to those of a sexually transmitted infection.

3. Receive treatment . Your doctor may prescribe a single dose of oral antifungal fluconazole (Diflucan).Symptoms should disappear within 12-24 hours. This is the fastest and most effective way to treat a yeast infection. There are a number of over-the-counter or prescription topical medicines, including antifungal creams, antifungal ointments, and antifungal suppositories that are inserted or inserted into the vagina. Talk to your doctor about the best treatment options for you.

   • Once you have been diagnosed with a yeast infection, you can later diagnose the infection yourself and treat it with over-the-counter medications.However, even patients who have previously had a fungal infection often misdiagnose themselves. If over-the-counter medication doesn’t work, see your doctor.
   • Call your doctor if symptoms do not improve after 3 days or if any of your symptoms change (eg, increased vaginal discharge or discoloration).

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Warning

• The first time you suspect you have a fungal infection, you should see your doctor for a diagnosis.After the first diagnosis, you will be able to cure subsequent fungal infections on your own (if the disease proceeds without complications or worsens).
• Recurrent yeast infections (4 or more times a year) can be a sign of more serious conditions such as diabetes, cancer, or HIV AIDS.

90,000 Abdominal distension for girls through the uterus

Briefly about inflation – forfeed.ru

Hello everyone! It is high time for our site to have the most detailed dictionary of terms found both on our and similar resources) It is worth noting that in the English language most words have no gender, so almost all terms have… An insult is an attempt to rise above a person, to prove to himself his worth, to dominate over an accidental victim. It is not surprising that kindergartners, schoolchildren and people with reduced intelligence are most often engaged in splintering. The hardest thing for them is … In an old 4-apartment two-storey building, a shout was heard, it became clear to everyone that there was a quarrel again on the first floor, a young couple lived here, a girl of 19 years old and a guy of 25 years old. The neighbors heard everything through the shingles … – You are a whore, a vile creature, a brainless mongrel … … – I wish you good health, citizen prosecutor! Seeing on the threshold of his office the senior assistant of the Ensk prosecutor for the supervision of correctional institutions Denis Kosilov, the deputy head of the correctional colony No. __ for security and… In an old 4-apartment two-storey building there was a cry, it became clear to everyone that there was a quarrel again on the first floor, a young couple lived here, a girl of 19 years old and a guy of 25 years old. The neighbors heard everything through the shingles … – You are a whore, a vile creature, a brainless mongrel … … Attention, the article is being finalized. It will be supplemented in the near future. Also preparing to release a video on the same topic. We have already talked about why people want to get fat and how you can “gain” 10 kilograms in an hour … I have always been thin. My weight has always fluctuated in normal weight numbers.I could not even think before that someday I go to become a fat man and want to get fat. When I was a teenager, I even put on a lot of weight for a while and … – Masha, hello, how did you lose weight! I’m straight and don’t recognize you, only bones are left. – Yes, Dashun, that is, from 170 to 70, for three years this is the result, but I can see you did the reverse feint? … The problem has been discussed more than once, here and here. Since the community needed this, I decided to put an end to this issue, since due to my sociability I know a significant number of users of this site) Below is a list of real people… About fakes Fake – from the English “Fake” – “fake”. This term has long taken root in the Russian language. On the Internet, a fake is a person posing as another person, often a well-known person. History of fakes …

Celebrities massively showed puffy bellies and launched a new trend: Phenomena: Values: Lenta.ru

Women began to massively share photos of their bodies during bloating and launched a new flash mob. The Sun journalists drew attention to the corresponding pictures.

For example, Swedish soccer player Malin Andersson posted a video on social media showing her puffy belly during her period and noted that its shape is constantly changing. At the same time, Gabby Allen, a participant in the popular reality show Love Island, published a collage where she combined her photos in her underwear and captioned: “on the left – me before going to bed after a large plate of pasta, on the right – the next day.”

Photo posted by @gabbydawnallen

TV star Zara McDermott Zara McDermott also supported the trend and shared candid shots, where she showed the difference between the state of bloating and a fit figure.

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Nutritionist and women’s health specialist Suzie Sawyer said that people may not have noticed the changes that have occurred to them during the coronavirus pandemic.“Our gut is very sensitive, and sudden changes in diet, daily routine or movement can upset the balance and trigger this reaction. So it’s no surprise that our lifestyle changes have led to larger bodies, ”she explained, adding that gut behavior is influenced by work from home, stress, frequent snacking and a sedentary lifestyle.

Earlier in September, supermodel Bella Hadid showed an inflated belly along with her pregnant sister. In the picture posted on the network, celebrities are captured in the same poses.So, Bella posed in a crimson top and jeans, showing a swollen belly after eating. In turn, pregnant Gigi starred in a white dress, putting her hands on her stomach.

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… a member through her breasts.The sight was quite exciting. The member immediately began to inflate and rise until it stood directly 35 centimeters from her body. – What happened? …

… The slightest touch excited her. She admired the smoothness of the thighs, the flat stomach, the unusually sensitive nipples. Kara pinched and fiddled with them until they …

… – the ghost continued to smile. Without thinking, Kara nodded. The ghost rose into the air and flew into the girl. It felt like dipped into a bathtub filled with …

13 May 2017 8 p. Blowjob Cunnilingus 1

Fantasy

… – I moaned (a method proven by the way, goes well with helpless lip puffing), the man frowned, but agreed, yes, you can’t sit with such a tail. Little …

… Fedya. Apparently, the father did not give full access to the wallet, and the topic of money was burning. – Dollars, dollars. Good money, kid. And I will return the slave girl without …

… for the buttocks, began to slowly push it into the ass. I arched my head and gasped for air.Aah. Divinely. The fat man who honestly waited quite clucked, looked at …

April 6, 2017 9 pages In the ass Group 2

Submission and humiliation Golden shower

… in a bulging ass. The stomach swelled up from the water. Through the noise and splashes, I made out several flashes and clicks. – Nobody …

… naked and wet, escorted them into the hallway. There was a draft here.Winter air from the street blew from the kitchen into the room. – It’s cold as in a punishment cell! – said Lena. – I…

March 5, 2017 8 p. Under duress Submission and humiliation 2

Oddities The rest

… build a boat and not roll over in it. The boat was inflatable. He inflated and deflated her five times on the Rowing Canal, but then there was no such fatigue. The legs refused …

… embraced both of them affectionately, muttering something in Spanish.Ilya Stepanich’s stomach skipped a beat. “No Sransish, English onlu,” he said. The thug did not react to this in any way …

… The next morning they met on the shore of the South Sea. Surf, sun, spicy air, unseen faces and buildings – all this seemed even more incredible than naked Ilka in …

20 February 2017 11 p. Romance Drama 1

Fantasy

… and shone … – You want. I know what you want. Everybody wants. The girl pouts in displeasure.- But I want to be someone, not like that. Someone is purer and nobler. To …

… red lips and half-closed eyes with long black eyelashes. In the lower abdomen, everything twists and tenses. Heck. – Potchik. Ha. Sun. where are you? – Cough …

… drags on too long. It hurts too much for me to breathe this cold, thin air. These icy and thorny stars look at me too aloof and indifferently. A …

20 February 2017 4 pp. Observers

… then the fur was removed, and the rectum was tightly clogged with oiled cotton.As torture, inflating with air has long been known in the East (for more details, see Al Masudi Golden Mines and …

… when it was removed, it turned out that her mouth was stuffed with some kind of rag. plug …

… the intestines are tightly clogged with oiled cotton, and the intestines are completely empty and swollen with air. Execution

… And then I clearly understood what excited me so much, my cock began to swell quickly – the sight of Alina eating delicious bananas, and this very contemplation is like …

… brave Air Force captain. But he’s so cool! And then she realized that a hot ball of desire was flaring up at the bottom of her tummy. I wonder what he has. Alina gasped and, closing …

… they woke up from the gentle caresses of the sea breeze, what a wonderful air here, clean, sweet, filled with stunning aromas of bright local flowers, but his …

November 15, 2016 6 pp. Blowjob Case 1

Romance

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Vaginal edema: 14 causes and treatment

Vaginal edema can be worrying and uncomfortable, but rarely indicates a serious illness.

People with vaginal edema are often assumed to have a fungal infection, but this is just one of many possibilities. Vaginal swelling can be caused by allergies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), cysts, or rough intercourse. Treatment will depend on the cause.

Anyone who experiences vaginal edema should look for signs of infection and consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Here are 14 possible causes of vaginal edema and treatment options.

1. Allergy

Share on PinterestAllergic reaction to certain substances can cause vaginal swelling.

Vaginal edema may cause an allergic reaction. The vagina is a sensitive part of the body and can react to any number of ingredients found in personal care products, such as:

• soap
• lubricants
• vaginal washes and douches
• tampons and pads
• vaginal contraceptives
• body lotions and creams
• latex condoms

Edema may appear in response to a new product, but a product that is familiar to the body can also cause an allergic reaction.If a person suspects that they are allergic to a particular product, it is recommended that they discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

2. Irritation

Even in the absence of allergies, the body can react negatively to contact with certain foods. Even the most popular and widely used chemical ingredients can cause vaginal swelling.

Chemical fragrances are often to blame. They can be found in many products that come into contact with the vagina, including:

• laundry detergent
• perfume
• toilet paper
• body wash
• bath bombs and soaps

Certain types of tissue can also cause vaginal irritation and swelling.In particular, lace or polyester underwear can irritate the skin.

Sometimes swelling occurs due to the incision of the underwear. Thongs or g-strings may not completely cover the labia, which can cause unnecessary friction in that area during the day, which can lead to swelling.

It is important to identify and avoid irritants. If a person stops using a particular product and the tumor shrinks, they may have found the culprit.

Those who cannot determine the cause of vaginal edema should see a doctor or dermatologist.

3. Rough intercourse

Sexual intercourse can cause swelling of the vagina. If the vagina is not lubricated enough, the extra friction can cause discomfort or pain during sex, as well as vaginal swelling after sex.

Rough intercourse can also rupture the tissues of the vagina, increasing the person’s risk of infection.

If a person suspects that rough intercourse has caused vaginal swelling, they may spend more time foreplay or use a lubricant to reduce friction.

Over-the-counter pain relievers or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help if the swelling is causing pain. Pain relievers such as ibuprofen can be purchased online.

4. Cysts of the Gartner’s duct

The duct, which forms in the fetus during the development of the urinary and genital organs, usually disappears after birth. If part of this duct remains, it is called a Gartner duct. The remaining tissue can attach to the vaginal wall and become a cyst.

Gartner duct cysts are usually harmless, but problems can arise as they grow. A Gartner duct cyst can become infected or cause pain and swelling in the vagina.

In some cases, the cyst looks like a growth on the outside of the vagina.

Surgery is often required to remove a problematic Gartner duct cyst. Once the cyst is gone, the symptoms should go away.

5. Bartholin’s cysts

Bartholin’s glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening.They release moisture and help provide lubrication.

A cyst of one of these glands may go unnoticed until it becomes infected, after which an abscess may form. In addition, the skin around the vagina can become inflamed and painful. In some cases, there may be burning or bleeding.

If the cyst or abscess is small, it may flow spontaneously. A warm, shallow bath can relieve pain, and over-the-counter medications can reduce pain and swelling.

For more severe cases, your doctor may recommend antibiotics, surgical drainage, or removal of the cyst.

6. Cellulite

Cellulite is a bacterial infection of the inner layers of the skin that can cause swelling, redness and soreness of the skin. A person can develop cellulite when bacteria enter a cut, such as when shaving the pubic area.

Regular cleaning of your cut can help fight infection. In some cases, your doctor will recommend antibiotics.

7. Bacterial vaginosis

An overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the vagina can lead to vaginosis. Symptoms may include swelling and grayish discharge with an unpleasant odor.

Many cases resolve on their own, but a doctor may recommend antibiotics to speed up recovery.

Regular cleaning of the vaginal area and avoiding potential irritants can help prevent bacterial vaginosis.

It may also be a good idea to avoid foods such as douching that upset the balance of bacteria in the vagina.

8. Yeast infection

Yeast infection is caused by overgrowth of fungal species Candida . This can cause vaginal swelling and other symptoms:

• burning
• pain during sex and urination
• redness
• thick, large discharge
• irritated skin

Treat yeast infections with antifungal drugs. However, it is recommended that you see your doctor for a diagnosis because other conditions have similar symptoms.

9. STIs and cervicitis

Some of these infections can cause an inflammation of the cervix called cervicitis. Symptoms of cervicitis can include pain during intercourse, bleeding between periods, and abnormal discharge.

Below are some STIs that can cause vaginal swelling.

• Chlamydia : This can seriously damage a woman’s reproductive system and can also lead to painful urination and unusual discharge.
• Gonorrhea : Symptoms in women are often mild and easily confused with symptoms of a urinary tract or bladder infection. Other symptoms include bleeding between periods and increased flow.
• Trichomoniasis : Caused by a parasite and may be asymptomatic. When they do appear, symptoms can include itching, soreness, pain when urinating, and changes in discharge.

Anyone who suspects they have an STI should see a doctor.

10. Genital herpes

The herpes simplex virus often causes clusters of tiny, painful blisters near the vagina. They can burst and develop into painful sores.

While some people do not notice any symptoms, others believe that these ulcers accompany swelling, pain and body aches.

There is currently no cure for genital herpes, but prescription drugs can reduce or prevent outbreaks.

11. Edema

The term edema describes the accumulation of water or fluid in the body. Vaginal swelling is usually caused by an inability to drain the lymph nodes or veins.

Conditions that enlarge the uterus or put pressure on veins in the pelvis, such as uterine fibroids or pregnancy, can cause edema to form.

The doctor must determine the cause of the swelling in order to treat it. In some cases, gentle massage of the area can help reduce the swelling, but this should be done under the direction of the doctor.

12. Pregnancy

Share on Pinterest A developing fetus can put pressure on blood vessels and muscles, leading to swelling of the vagina.

Pregnancy can also cause vaginal edema.

As the fetus grows, it can put pressure on the pelvis, nearby muscles, and blood vessels.

This pressure can cause inflammation and affect the return of blood and fluid from the lymphatic system, which can lead to edema.

If a person suspects that they are pregnant, they can take a pregnancy test.Pregnancy tests can be purchased without a prescription or online.

Anyone who experiences uncomfortable vaginal swelling during pregnancy should consult a doctor about safe medications.

13. Sexual assault

Injury from rape or sexual assault can also cause vaginal swelling and bleeding, as well as pelvic pain.

Resources are available to people who have been forced into sexual activity.Organizations such as the National Rape, Abuse and Incest Network (RAINN) in the United States offer free, confidential support. The organization’s 24-hour hotline also connects callers with local services who can help. RAINN hotline: 800-656-HOPE (4673).

People who have been raped or sexually assaulted should consider visiting a doctor to discuss options and get the treatment they need.

14. Foreign objects in the vagina

When the body tries to expel a foreign object stuck in the vagina, symptoms may include:

• pain
• swelling
• itching
• irritation
• fever
• rotting

In some cases the doctor may need to remove the foreign object.

Regular cleaning of the vagina can prevent objects from getting stuck in it.

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Swollen vulva: causes, other symptoms, treatment

We include products that we believe will be useful to our readers. If you buy from the links on this page, we can earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

Is this cause for concern?

A swollen vulva is a common symptom of vaginitis, inflammation of the vagina. Vaginitis often results from a bacterial, yeast, or viral infection, or an imbalance in vaginal bacteria.Certain skin conditions or low estrogen levels can also cause this condition.

When both the vagina and vulva are inflamed, it is called vulvovaginitis. In addition to vulvar edema, vaginitis can lead to:

• unusual vaginal discharge
• itching
• irritation
• pain during sex
• pain when urinating
• light bleeding or spotting

If these symptoms last more than a couple days consult a doctor.They can find out what is causing your symptoms and develop a treatment plan that suits your needs.

Keep reading to learn more about what may be behind your symptoms.

An allergic reaction causing vulvar edema is known as non-infectious vaginitis.

This could be related to chemicals:

• clothing
• creams
• condoms
• perfume soap
• scented detergents
• douches
• grease

These and other products that come into contact with your vulva and vagina can cause irritation and inflammation.

What You Can Do

If you suspect an allergic reaction, discontinue using the product or wearing garments that may cause irritation. Limiting contact with irritants should help relieve swelling.

You can also use an over-the-counter cortisone cream to relieve symptoms. If the swelling persists, see your doctor. They may recommend a sitz bath or a prescription topical cream.

Cortisone cream shop.

Vulvar swelling is normal after any intercourse. Sexual arousal causes increased blood flow to the vulva, causing it to swell and become swollen. Your clitoris may also become enlarged.

Your vulva may swell if there was not enough lubrication during penetration. This can be annoying.

What You Can Do

Your vulva should not stay swollen for long, and you can use a cold compress to relieve swelling or swelling.

While swelling is a normal symptom of agitation, there are some preventive measures you can take to avoid severe swelling. Be sure to keep a natural or store-bought lubricant handy to avoid chafing, and stay away from foods that could trigger an allergic reaction.

Personal lubricant shop.

Vaginal yeast infections affect up to 3 out of 4 women in their lifetime.

In addition to edema, you may experience:

• irritation
• thick white discharge
• severe itching
• burning sensation
• pain or soreness
• rash

If you have severe symptoms or have had four or more infections per year, you should see your doctor.

What You Can Do

You can use an over-the-counter antifungal vaginal cream, ointment, or suppository to stop the reaction and reduce swelling.

If you have symptoms of a yeast infection for the first time, or if they persist after home treatment, you should make an appointment with your doctor.

Depending on your symptoms, your doctor will prescribe a single dose or multi-dose oral antifungal agent. They may also recommend supportive care if you have recurring fungal infections.

Antifungal vaginal creams store.

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common form of vaginitis, affecting up to a third of women in the United States. This is caused by an imbalance in the bacteria found in the vagina and can result in an off-white or gray discharge and a fishy odor. Although vulvar swelling is not a common symptom, it is still possible.

What you can do

For some women, the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis go away on their own.Never use over-the-counter yeast products for bacterial vaginosis, as this can make the infection worse.

BV symptoms do mimic other forms of vaginitis, so you should see your doctor if symptoms persist. They can rule out any other medical conditions and prescribe medications to help relieve your symptoms.

A swollen vulva is a common symptom of pregnancy. The growing uterus blocks blood flow to the pelvic area, causing swelling of the vulva and legs.The swelling gets worse as the pregnancy continues.

But this is not the only change in your vulva; Since your uterus and embryo require more blood flow to the genital area, your vulva will also turn bluish in color.

What You Can Do

You can try home remedies for swollen vulva. You can use a cold compress or cold water rinse to reduce swelling.

If you are concerned about symptoms or have any questions, be sure to see your doctor.Your doctor will be able to rule out any other underlying medical conditions, such as cysts or bacterial vaginosis.

A Bartholin gland cyst is a small, fluid-filled sac that appears directly in the vagina; it is soft, painless and often causes no symptoms.

But if the Bartholin gland cyst grows, it can cause discomfort and pain in the vulva when you have sex, walk, or sit down.

If your vulva is swollen, red, painful and hot, this means that the cyst is infected and has caused an abscess in one of the Bartholin glands.These are pea-sized glands to the left and right of the vaginal opening.

What you can do

You should see your doctor right away if your vulva becomes:

Your doctor may take a smear or biopsy to determine if the cyst is infected and rule out Bartholin gland cancer, a rare form of vulvar cancer.

Once diagnosed, your doctor may recommend soaking in warm water several times a day for up to four days or applying a warm compress to the affected area to reduce cysts and swelling.

If you have an abscess, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to kill the infection and then empty the cyst.

Genital Crohn’s disease is a skin disease caused by granulomas resulting from Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease. It is a rare condition that can cause persistent swelling of the vulva, as well as cracks, erosions, and cavities in the genital area.

What you can do

You should see your doctor if your vulva is swollen for more than a few days.They may prescribe a topical steroid or calcineurin inhibitor to reduce swelling. Your doctor may also recommend antiseptic cleansers to treat secondary infections or cracked skin.

You can relieve and even prevent vulvar swelling by following these tips and tricks.

You can

• Observe good hygiene practices. Avoiding baths, whirlpools and hot tubs will reduce exposure to bacteria and fungi.Also, wipe your skin from front to back after using the toilet to prevent fecal bacteria from spreading into your vagina.
• Do not use products that may cause irritation. Avoid harsh soaps, scented tampons, pads, douches, and scented soaps. Also, to prevent irritation, be sure to rinse the soap off your genitals thoroughly after showering and dry the area well.
• Do not douche. When you shower, you destroy beneficial bacteria in your vagina.This allows harmful bacteria to grow and leads to vaginitis.
• Wear cotton underwear. Cotton underwear allows your genitals to breathe and prevents yeast growth.
• Always use a latex condom. Wearing a condom will prevent the spread of genital infections.

When to see a doctor

You don’t have to wait for pain or discomfort to see a doctor.If your vulva is swollen for more than a few days, you should make an appointment with your doctor, but if you experience severe pain or discomfort, seek immediate medical attention. Your doctor will be able to diagnose the underlying condition causing the vulvar swelling and recommend an appropriate treatment option.

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A viral tweet claiming that a woman’s belly is her WOMBA is rubbish, warns Dr. – The Sun

WHEN you first switch to a new diet and exercise regimen, it seems like kilos just melt away.

But then there comes a point where the last few pounds of belly fat just don’t want to budge – no matter how many squats you do.

2

This illustration shows that the uterus is actually slightly further away — about 3 or 4 inches — from the front of the abdomen.

For those who dream of a washboard press, this extra bit of a dead end may leave us disappointed and seek answers.

This appears to be the case with one social media user who took to Twitter to try and justify why women may be struggling to get rid of a bulge in their lower abdomen.

A now viral tweet from @isobelwenham claims that the “lump” is actually a woman’s womb or womb.

On the platform Tuesday, she wrote: “Brooooo, I just found out that the little bulge in the lower abdomen of the girl is literally our womb ??

“I feel like it should be taught more in school because I literally almost killed myself trying to get rid of my fucking WOMB ??? [sic] “.

As much as we would like to believe it, but, unfortunately, it is not true.

2

A viral tweet claims that the bulge in the lower abdomen of women is their uterus.

Dr. Sarah Jarvis, Physician and Clinical Director of Patient.info, said: “Unless you are pregnant or have a condition called fibroids, which are non-cancers in the muscles that line the uterus, you don’t feel the uterus in your abdomen.

“It is usually only 3-4 inches long and is hidden inside the pelvis, behind the pelvic bone.

” When you get pregnant, the uterus will grow enough to be felt above the pelvic bone by the time you are about 12 weeks old pregnancy “.

If you are not pregnant or have fibroids, you cannot feel your uterus in your abdomen

Dr Sarah Jarvis

“Fibroids cause enlargement of the uterus, but they vary greatly in size.

” Many women have one or even several small fibroids, and their uterus is not yet large enough to be felt above the pelvic bone in the lower abdomen.

“However, in extreme cases, due to fibroids, the uterus may enlarge just like the uterus of a woman in the 6th month of pregnancy.” …

Anti-Fat

Other social media users also quickly responded to the tweet, claiming it was “anatomically wrong,” and ridiculing those who believed it.

This prompted the original poster to update its message by saying, “I thought I would make it clear that when I say that this is our womb, I do not mean that our uterus is sitting right there (although for some it does outward), I mean the pouch is caused by our uterus, a small protuberance and a firm layer of fat that is designed to protect it.“

Actually, this time she’s in the right direction – a little belly fat is really needed to protect organs, including the stomach and intestines.

I do not mean that our uterus is sitting right here … I mean that the pouch is caused by our uterus

Twitter user

The fat apron called the omentum is called the “belly cop” for its vital role in strengthening immunity.

However, this also works in the opposite direction, as too much fat can be harmful.

Extra fat cells deep in the abdomen, known as visceral fat, release hormones that can cause inflammation and lead to heart disease and diabetes.

But once you start losing weight, every kilogram will help reduce your girth.

Dr. Rasa Kazlauskaite, a Chicago-based endocrinologist, told Health.com: “Once women start losing weight, they usually lose 30 percent more abdominal fat compared to total fat.”

There is something you can do to reduce that fat layer and uncover your radiant six pack …

Improve sleep

So, your first goal is to try to get enough sleep.

It is recommended that you sleep about eight hours each night to allow your body to recover from the day and repair any damage it needs overnight.

Stop Eating So Much Sugar

Zana Morris is the author of The High Fat Diet: How to Lose 10 Pounds in 14 Days and the founder of Watches and Gyms.

She is not only an expert in weight loss and strength training, but also in the fight against belly fat.

She says belly fat is indeed linked to sugar intake.

“Sugar triggers the release of insulin, which in turn prompts the body to store fat, especially in the middle,” she told The Sun.

“Reducing sugar and foods that break down quickly into sugar (such as fruits / bread / pasta / wine) will lower and stabilize insulin levels and help your body use fat for fuel.”

Hit the Weight

Zana adds: “The most effective formula for losing belly fat is a combination of high intensity training (e.g. g sprinting or full body resistance exercises such as squats) with very low carbohydrate (sugar) and high fat content.

“Fats are the only food group that does not force the body to produce insulin.”

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Reconsider your stress load

Nutritionist Lily Soutter said:

“Chronic release of the stress hormone cortisol can also make a difference with fat storage in the middle.

“Cortisol is released in response to psychological stress as well as physiological stress, including lack of sleep.

“ With age, there is a greater tendency for mid-body fat to accumulate, in part due to changes in hormonal balance. ” scene from Alien

We pay for your stories! Do you have a story for The Sun Online news team? Email us at [email protected] or call 0207 782 4368.You can send us WhatsApp by calling 07810 791 502 We also pay for videos. Click here to upload yours.

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23 facts about the vagina that you want to tell all your friends

Knowledge is power, especially when it comes to vaginas. But there are and misinformation.

A lot of what we hear about vaginas growing up – they shouldn’t smell, they stretch – not only inaccurately, but can also cause us all sorts of unnecessary feelings of shame and stress.

So, we have collected a number of absolutely true facts about vaginas and vulvas to help you navigate the maze of lies and appreciate your body in all its glory.

The vagina is a 3 to 6 inch long muscular canal that runs from the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, to the outside of the body. The vulva is all the external substance, including the labia, urethra, clitoris, and vaginal opening.

You should know the difference because it gives you the opportunity to understand the anatomy of your body and because it can be helpful or even necessary to distinguish between the two, for example when fooling around with a partner.

But if you find yourself casually calling your entire area underneath a vagina, don’t worry. After all, the tongue is mobile.

Sorry Freud. Just over 18 percent of vaginal owners say they can only achieve orgasm from penetration. For the other 80 percent, the clitoris is the key ingredient to orgasm.

Some people may experience vaginal and clitoral orgasms at the same time, also called “mixed orgasms,” which may seem rare but attainable.There are also many perfectly healthy bodies that rarely or never fully orgasm.

Keep a horror instrumental – this is a normal part of labor and your body is made to bounce back.

More than 79 percent of vaginal deliveries tear or require an incision. These “injuries” can be small tears or longer cuts (called episiotomies) deliberately made by the doctor when, for example, the baby is being placed with his feet forward or the delivery is to be faster.

Scary? Yes. Irresistible? Not at all.

Your vagina is elastic and thanks to the abundant blood supply it actually heals faster than other parts of the body.

Pop culture has been obsessed with the G-spot for decades, putting pressure on many to find the supposed erogenous point.

But then a 2017 study was unable to determine the G-spot, and another large study found that less than a quarter of people with vaginal orgasms were from penetration alone.Thus, there is no conclusive evidence for the anatomical existence of the G spot.

If you enjoy touching or stimulating the anterior vaginal wall, then you should probably thank the inner network of your clitoris for it.

Historically, the clitoris was a pea-sized collection of nerve endings hidden under a fold of skin called the clitoral hood, which, as many bad jokes say, was very difficult for men to find.

The actual dimensions of the clitoris remained largely unknown to the public until 2009, when a team of French researchers created a life-size 3D printed model of the pleasure center.

We now know that the clitoris is an extensive network of nerve endings, the vast majority of which are located below the surface. Reaching 10 centimeters from tip to tip, it is shaped like a four-sided wishbone. It looks very hard to miss.

The anterior fornix, or “point A”, is a small niche that is located far back on the ventral side of the cervix, at a significant distance in the vagina than point G.

According to a 1997 study, stimulation of point A is an easy way to create more lubrication in the vagina. Not only that, 15 percent of the study participants achieved orgasm within 10 to 15 minutes of stimulating point A.

Most people with a vagina are born with the hymen, a thin piece of skin that runs through part of the vaginal opening.

Despite what you may have heard, this piece of leather will never “burst”. After all, this is not a piece of chewing gum.

The hymen is often torn even before the person has penetrative sex, during any non-sexual activity, such as cycling or tampon insertion. But the hymen is also often torn during sex, in which case a small amount of blood is to be expected.

The famous sensitive penis has about 4000 nerve endings.The famous “hard-to-reach” clitoris has 8000 clitorises.

Another reason to give your clitoris the proper attention.

By now this should be common knowledge, but it is not. Bottom line? The vagina contains an army of highly specialized bacteria that work around the clock to maintain a healthy and balanced vaginal pH.

And, like other bacteria, they have a smell.

So that particular pungency that you sometimes smell from is completely normal, and nothing to hide with aromatic shower gel or perfume.Of course, if you notice a new strange or pungent odor, see your doctor.

The aforementioned army of specialized bacteria exists for the sole purpose of maintaining the vaginal pH at an optimal level to protect against other hostile bacteria.

It is perfectly normal to see discharge – thin or thick, transparent or white – in your underwear at the end of the day. This is the result of your efforts to cleanse your vagina.

Cleaning methods such as douching are a bad idea because they can disrupt this natural balance, leading to problems such as bacterial vaginosis and infection.

When the vagina is wet, a person should want to have sex, right? Wrong. The vaginas can get wet for a variety of reasons.

Hormones cause the daily secretion of cervical mucus. There are many sweat glands in the vulva. In addition, the vagina can automatically lubricate when touched, regardless of arousal. (A phenomenon called arousal mismatch, which is more common in women.)

Remember: Vaginal moisture should never be considered a signal of consent.Consent must be expressed in words. Period.

Yes, and urine often ends up in the vulva.

Thinking about sex, the vagina opens its doors.

Typically, the vagina is 3 to 6 inches long and 1 to 2.5 inches wide. Once aroused, the top of the vagina lengthens, pushing the cervix and uterus a little deeper into your body to make room for penetration.

When you are aroused, blood rushes to the vulva and vagina.This can darken your skin tone in that area.

Don’t worry, it will return to its usual shade after the sexiness time is up.

The overly theatrical media portrayal of what an orgasm looks like has created an unrealistic standard of what an orgasm should be . In truth, orgasms come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, which means there is no need to bite your lips hard or arch your back.

Many orgasms are short and sweet, while others feel more powerful and deep.Try not to get too hung up on the size of your orgasm. Remember, sex is a journey, not a destination.

Vaginal weightlifting – inserting an “anchor” into the vagina attached to a weight on a rope is more than a click, it is actually a way to strengthen the pelvic floor.

Sex and Relationship Coach Kim Anami is a strong advocate of this exercise. Stronger vaginal muscles can prolong sex and make you feel better, she says.

Due to a rare abnormality called uterine didelphys, very few people actually have two vaginal canals.

People with two vaginas can still get pregnant and have a baby, but the risk of miscarriage and premature birth is much higher.

In the beginning, all fetuses have the so-called genital crest. For both male and female fetuses, the scallop is indistinguishable.

Then, around the 9th week after conception, this embryonic tissue begins to develop into either the glans penis or the clitoris and labia majora. But the point is, we all start with the same thing.

In the first days after a natural birth, your vagina and vulva are likely to feel bruised and swollen. It is also common for your vagina to appear more open than usual due to a person who has recently passed through it.

But don’t worry, the swelling and openness will subside within a few days.

Then there is dryness. In the postpartum period, less estrogen is produced, which is partly responsible for lubricating the vagina. This way, you will feel drier after childbirth, especially when breastfeeding, as this further suppresses estrogen production.

Although your vagina will likely remain slightly wider at than it was before childbirth, you can keep your vaginal muscles toned and healthy by doing regular pelvic floor exercises.

That moment of panic during sex when you realize definitely put a tampon this morning? Yes, we were all there. But don’t worry, your tampon will only fit up to this point.

In the depths of the vagina is the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.During labor, your cervix expands – opens up – as the baby passes through it. But the rest of the time, the cervix stays closed, so you can’t accidentally lose it or get stuck there.

However, the tampon is often forgotten for a few days or even weeks, in which case it may start to smell like a rotten, dead body.

While it is perfectly safe to try to remove a forgotten tampon yourself, you may need to see your doctor to make sure you have removed all of the parts.

According to a 2014 study, the reason some people with vaginas have trouble orgasm during penetrative sex may be due to the relatively small clitoris that is too far from the opening of the vagina.

To protect you and the little man growing inside of you from infection, your vagina is cleansed, resulting in a semi-permanent discharge. Expect the discharge to increase as the pregnancy progresses further and further.

You can expect your discharge to be thin and clear to a milky color until the last week of pregnancy, when it turns pinkish.

It should never have a pungent or fishy odor or coarse texture, so if this is the case, it is best to see a doctor.

Try an orgasm to stimulate the release of feel-good chemicals such as dopamine and serotonin. The natural pain-relieving effects of these chemicals can ease the pain of menstrual cramps, and the afterglow of orgasm relaxes the muscles.

While masturbating, some people enjoy using a vibrator or watching something sexy to cheer them up. And if you’re interested in touching yourself in new pleasing ways, check out our guide to female orgasms.

Ginger Wojczyk, Greatist Assistant Editor. Follow her other work on Medium or follow her on Twitter.

. 90,000 Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in girls

Types of genital inflammation in girls

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in adolescent and childhood girls account for more than 50% of all visits to the doctor.

Inflammatory diseases of the genitals in girls:

• Vulvitis (inflammation of the vulva (vulva – external genitals: labia majora and minora, clitoris, vestibule)
• Vulvovaginitis (combination of vulvitis with inflammation of the vagina)
• Salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes)
• Salpingo-oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes)

Vulvitis and vulvovaginitis are the leaders in the prevalence of these diseases among girls under 9 years of age.They are diagnosed in 60-70% of all cases. This is due to the physiological characteristics of the child’s body.

A newborn baby’s vagina is absolutely clean. However, 12 hours after delivery, the mucous membrane is colonized by bacteria, most of which are lactobacilli. They protect the mucous membrane from harmful bacteria. But by the 20th day of life, estrogens and progesterone are removed from the baby’s body, and with them lactobacilli disappear. In their place, coccal and bacillary flora appears, which persists in girls up to 9 years old.By the age of 12, estrogenic stimulation occurs in the body with the reproduction of lactobacilli, and at the age of 13-14 in girls, the pH of the environment becomes acidic.

Therefore, girls under 9 years of age suffer most from vulvovaginitis. After this age, the number of cases of disease detection decreases to 40%.

Classification of vulvovaginitis

The disease can be:

• Acute (lasts up to 4 weeks).
• Subacute (the process can take up to 12 weeks).
• Chronic.

Depending on the cause of the development of vulvovaginitis, there are:

• Infectious
• Non-infectious

If the disease is caused by outside microbes, vulvovaginitis is called primary. If it develops against the background of other infections, it is secondary.

Reasons for the development of vulvitis and vulvovaginitis

Among the specific causative agents of the development of diseases are sexually transmitted infections, diphtheria and tuberculosis bacilli, fungi.

Provoking factors of vulvovaginitis and vulvitis:

• Poor hygiene and hygiene standards
• Parasitic diseases caused by the penetration of helminthiases into the body
• Ingestion of intestinal microflora
• Allergy

Causes of salpingitis and salpingo-oophoritis

These diseases are quite rare in young girls and girls who are not sexually active, since the likelihood of infection from the outside is minimal.In most of these situations, infection occurs due to the transmission of infection through the blood from the inflamed internal organ to the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Among the main causes of the disease:

• Inflammation in the large and small intestines.
• Acute suppurative appendicitis.
• Various other inflammations in the body.
• Chronic infection.

If a girl begins to lead an intimate life, infection can occur ascending.

Symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the genitals

With the development of such a pathology in the body, the girl has discharge. Due to the burning and itching of the vulva, the child constantly scratches the genitals, which leads to the formation of small punctate hemorrhages first, and in the future can lead to the appearance of ulcers and bloody purulent discharge.

The child’s general condition worsens: sleep is disturbed, appetite disappears, mood changes.

Treatment of genital inflammation in a girl

For effective treatment, it is very important to identify the cause of the development of the disease.The scheme may differ depending on it.

The results of microscopic and microbiological analyzes with the determination of sensitivity to antibacterial agents help to make a diagnosis. The study is performed by taking a smear from the genital tract from the girl.

Additionally, the doctor can prescribe PCR diagnostics – an STI test, as well as a blood test (general and clinical).

After identifying the pathogen, the gynecologist selects drugs that act on the pathogen in a particular case.

If the disease is caused by fungi of the genus Candida, antimycotic drugs are usually prescribed. If the causative agent is Trichomonas, metronidazole and its analogues are effective.

In the presence of gonococci in the body, the specialist conducts therapy with antibacterial drugs.
If atopic vulvitis (caused by allergies) is diagnosed, the doctor prescribes a diet in which the child is not recommended to eat seafood, eggs, citrus fruits, chocolate and honey sweets, some types of berries and nuts.

Compliance with the diet is recommended in parallel with the passage of treatment with antihistamines.

If the disease is caused by a foreign body entering the vagina, it is necessary to remove this object, and then rinse the vagina using an antiseptic catheter.

In case of the development of the disease due to helminthiasis, therapy should be started with the use of anthelmintic drugs.

In case of secondary vulvovaginitis, it is necessary to carry out therapy simultaneously with the treatment of concomitant pathology.

Irrigation of the genitals, lotions and sitz baths with herbal disinfectants or antiseptics help to eliminate itching and burning in inflammatory diseases in girls.

In case of relapses of the disease, the use of estrogens in the form of creams is indicated.

Complications of inflammatory diseases of the genitals

Lack of therapy or ineffective treatment can lead to:

• Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
• Adhesions of the labia minora. In certain cases, only surgical treatment can solve this problem.
• Scars at the sites of ulcers.
• Imbibition – the appearance of a bluish tinge of the vulva. Usually, this complication develops in the chronic form of the disease and can persist for life.

Prevention of inflammatory diseases in girls

To avoid the development of vulvovaginitis can help observance of intimate hygiene in girls.

Recommended:

• Have personal hygiene items (soap, washcloth, towel, etc.)
• Thoroughly rinse the perineum after using the toilet. It is important to do this in a front-to-back direction. When the girl is small, the mother should do the washing, and by the age of 3-4 it is advisable to teach the daughter to take care of intimate hygiene on her own.
• Change underwear daily (for babies – diapers, after each soiling).
• Wash underwear with hypoallergenic powder, rinsing additionally.
• Wear cotton underwear.
• Use pH-neutral soap (no more than 1 time per day) or special products for intimate hygiene.
• If necessary, carry out the fight against helmentoses in time.

Not Recommended:

• Use of aromatic oils and powders.

Sex education, timely and correct informing of girls about sexually transmitted diseases and observance of intimate hygiene play an important role in the prevention of specific vulvovaginitis.

Advantages of contacting EMC

• Experts with experience in leading clinics in the world.
• Modern diagnostic and treatment protocols.
• Multidisciplinary clinic: if necessary, the required pediatric specialist is involved in the examination and therapy process: endocrinologist, therapist, etc.

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