What are the key medical terms related to acne. How do different types of pimples form. What treatments are available for various forms of acne. What role do hormones play in causing breakouts. How can understanding acne terminology help with treatment.

The Basics of Acne: Formation and Types

Acne is an extremely common skin condition affecting millions of people across age groups. But what exactly causes those pesky pimples to form? At its core, acne occurs when the skin produces excess oil (sebum) that combines with dead skin cells to clog hair follicles. This can lead to different types of blemishes:

• Whiteheads (closed comedones)
• Blackheads (open comedones)
• Papules (small red bumps)
• Pustules (pus-filled pimples)
• Nodules and cysts (deeper, more severe acne)

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for proper treatment. For instance, blackheads and whiteheads are considered non-inflammatory acne, while papules, pustules, and cysts fall under inflammatory acne.

The Role of Bacteria in Acne Formation

While excess oil and dead skin cells are primary factors, bacteria can also play a significant role in acne development. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a naturally occurring bacteria that lives on the skin. When trapped in clogged pores, it can multiply rapidly, leading to inflammation and more severe forms of acne.

Hormonal Influences on Acne Development

Hormones play a crucial role in acne formation, which explains why breakouts are common during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy. Androgens, often referred to as “male” hormones (though present in both sexes), are particularly influential.

How do androgens contribute to acne? These hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands, causing them to produce more oil. This excess sebum creates an ideal environment for acne-causing bacteria to thrive. While both men and women have androgens, the higher levels in males often correlate with more severe acne cases.

Hormonal Acne in Adults

It’s a common misconception that acne is solely a teenage problem. Many adults, particularly women, continue to experience breakouts well into their 30s, 40s, and beyond. This is often due to hormonal fluctuations related to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or menopause. Adult acne tends to manifest differently, often appearing as deep, cystic acne along the jawline and chin.

Acne Vulgaris: The Most Common Form of Acne

When dermatologists refer to “acne vulgaris,” they’re talking about the most prevalent form of acne. This term encompasses a wide range of acne types, from mild blackheads and whiteheads to more severe inflammatory lesions. Understanding the specific type of acne vulgaris you’re dealing with is crucial for effective treatment.

Is all acne considered acne vulgaris? While acne vulgaris is the most common form, there are other types of acne, including:

• Acne conglobata: A severe form characterized by interconnected nodules
• Acne mechanica: Breakouts caused by friction, heat, and pressure on the skin
• Acne fulminans: A rare, severe form accompanied by systemic symptoms

Each of these types may require specialized treatment approaches beyond standard acne care.

Decoding Acne Treatments: From Over-the-Counter to Prescription Options

The world of acne treatments can be overwhelming, with countless products promising clear skin. Let’s break down some common ingredients and treatments you’re likely to encounter:

Benzoyl Peroxide: A Powerful Antibacterial Agent

Benzoyl peroxide is a staple in many acne treatment regimens. How does it work? This ingredient serves a dual purpose:

1. It kills acne-causing bacteria on the skin’s surface
2. It helps unclog pores by removing excess oil and dead skin cells

Benzoyl peroxide is available in various strengths, from over-the-counter products to prescription formulations. It’s particularly effective for inflammatory acne but can be drying, so starting with a lower concentration is often recommended.

Antibiotics: Targeting Bacterial Overgrowth

In cases of moderate to severe acne, dermatologists may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics. These medications work by reducing the population of acne-causing bacteria on the skin. Common oral antibiotics for acne include doxycycline and minocycline. Are antibiotics a long-term solution for acne? Generally, they’re used for limited periods to avoid antibiotic resistance.

Retinoids: Promoting Skin Cell Turnover

Retinoids, derived from vitamin A, are powerful tools in the fight against acne. They work by increasing skin cell turnover, effectively “unclogging” pores and preventing new acne lesions from forming. Retinoids come in both over-the-counter (like adapalene) and prescription strengths (such as tretinoin).

Specialized Treatments for Severe Acne

For those dealing with more severe or persistent acne, several advanced treatment options are available:

Isotretinoin: A Powerful Oral Medication

Formerly known by the brand name Accutane, isotretinoin is a potent oral medication reserved for severe, cystic acne that hasn’t responded to other treatments. It works by dramatically reducing oil production in the skin. While highly effective, isotretinoin requires close medical supervision due to potential side effects.

Chemical Peels: Exfoliating for Clearer Skin

Chemical peels involve applying a solution to the skin that causes the top layers to peel off, revealing fresher skin underneath. For acne treatment, peels containing salicylic acid, glycolic acid, or lactic acid are commonly used. These treatments can help unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin texture.

Understanding Acne Scarring and Treatment Options

Even after active acne has cleared, many individuals are left dealing with acne scars. These can range from shallow depressions to deep, pitted scars. Understanding the type of scarring is crucial for effective treatment:

• Ice pick scars: Deep, narrow scars
• Boxcar scars: Wider depressions with sharper edges
• Rolling scars: Wider depressions with sloping edges
• Hypertrophic or keloid scars: Raised scars due to excess collagen production

Treatment options for acne scars include:

1. Laser resurfacing
2. Microneedling
3. Dermal fillers
4. Chemical peels
5. Subcision (for tethered scars)

The best treatment approach depends on the type and severity of scarring, as well as individual skin characteristics.

Lifestyle Factors and Acne Management

While medical treatments are often necessary for managing acne, lifestyle factors can play a significant role in skin health. Consider the following aspects:

Diet and Acne: Is There a Connection?

The relationship between diet and acne has been a topic of debate in the dermatological community. While research is ongoing, some studies suggest that certain dietary factors may influence acne severity:

• High glycemic index foods: May increase insulin levels, potentially leading to increased oil production
• Dairy products: Some studies have found a correlation between dairy consumption and acne, particularly skim milk
• Omega-3 fatty acids: May have an anti-inflammatory effect, potentially benefiting acne-prone skin

It’s important to note that dietary changes alone are unlikely to completely clear severe acne, but they may be a helpful adjunct to medical treatments.

Stress Management and Skin Health

Stress doesn’t directly cause acne, but it can exacerbate existing skin conditions. How does stress impact acne? Stress hormones like cortisol can increase inflammation in the body, potentially worsening acne. Additionally, stress may lead to behaviors that can aggravate acne, such as touching or picking at the face more frequently.

Incorporating stress-reduction techniques like meditation, regular exercise, or adequate sleep may help support overall skin health and complement acne treatments.

The Importance of Consistent Skincare Routines

Developing and maintaining a consistent skincare routine is crucial for managing acne-prone skin. A basic routine should include:

1. Gentle cleansing: Remove excess oil and debris without over-stripping the skin
2. Targeted treatments: Apply acne-fighting ingredients as directed
3. Moisturizing: Even oily skin needs hydration to maintain a healthy barrier function
4. Sun protection: Many acne treatments increase sun sensitivity, making SPF essential

Is it possible to over-cleanse acne-prone skin? Absolutely. Excessive cleansing or using harsh products can strip the skin of natural oils, potentially leading to increased oil production and more breakouts. Finding the right balance is key.

The Role of Non-Comedogenic Products

When choosing skincare and makeup products, look for those labeled “non-comedogenic.” This term indicates that the product is formulated to avoid clogging pores. While not a guarantee against breakouts, non-comedogenic products can be a helpful choice for those with acne-prone skin.

Understanding acne terminology and treatment options empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their skin health. Whether dealing with occasional breakouts or persistent acne, knowledge is a powerful tool in the journey towards clearer skin. Remember, acne treatment is often a process of trial and error, and what works for one person may not work for another. Consulting with a dermatologist can provide personalized guidance and help develop an effective treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.

Acne Glossary: Key Terms to Know

If it seems like acne is the teenage skin problem you’ve never fully outgrown, you’re definitely not alone.

The most common skin condition in the United States, acne doesn’t discriminate based on age. Around 50 million Americans deal with some form of acne each year — a number that includes tweens and teens, as well as adults well over 40, according to the American Academy of Dermatology.

While it’s less likely for an adult to have lasting, full-blown breakouts, acne is still very common, says Christine C. Kim, MD, a medical and cosmetic dermatologist in Los Angeles. Because of hormonal fluctuations, women are especially prone to getting pimples well past their teen years, she notes, particularly along the jawline and chin.

What Causes Acne?

Acne occurs when glands in the skin produce and secrete too much oil, called sebum.

This extra sebum, along with dead skin cells, can plug up hair follicles and cause pimples known as whiteheads and blackheads — or what doctors refer to as “comedonal” acne. Blackheads and whiteheads are also referred to as noninflammatory acne because the pimples are not swollen, red, or sore.

But sometimes a bacteria called Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), which lives at the base of the hair follicles, gets into pores; this causes inflammatory acne.

Pimples with an inflammatory component are referred to as pustules, nodules, and cysts, says Dr. Kim. “Most people have a component of both comedonal [noninflammatory] and inflammatory acne,” she explains.

RELATED: 7 Easy Home Remedies for Acne

The Ultimate Acne Cheat Sheet: An A to Z Glossary of Terms

If any of the terms above sound unfamiliar, the following cheat sheet is for you.

Knowing the terms for different types of acne and pimple treatments can help you better understand why you have breakouts, as well as suss out the best products for keeping skin clear and getting rid of zits when they pop up.

What follows is a guide to the most common terms doctors use to talk about acne. If you or your teenager is dealing with acne, you’re likely to encounter at least some of these words.

Acne Conglobata A rare and severe type of acne in which deep, inflamed bumps (nodules) are connected to each other beneath the skin’s surface. This type of acne can occur on the face, shoulders, chest, upper arms, buttocks, and thighs, and is often associated with scarring.

Acne Mechanica A type of acne that results from wearing sports equipment or synthetic clothing that traps heat and sweat, and also rubs against the skin. If you have acne-prone skin, warmth combined with moisture and friction can lead to breakouts.

Acne Vulgaris The medical term for common acne, it refers to acne that includes one of more of the following: blackheads, whiteheads, papules (small, or early, pimples that don’t contain any pus), and/or pustules (pus-filled pimples).

Androgens The “male” sex hormones, such as testosterone. They are also present in women but in lower levels. Androgens cause the sebaceous (oil) glands to enlarge and produce more sebum, which is an important factor in causing acne. Males tend to have more severe acne than females.

Antibiotics A large category of drugs that target bacteria in the body. Certain oral antibiotics, such as doxycycline, get rid of bacteria that contributes to acne.

Azelaic Acid A natural acid that lessens skin inflammation and kills acne-causing bacteria. Azelaic acid is used as a topical treatment for mild to moderate acne.

Bacne A combination of the words “back” and “acne.” This is an informal way of saying that you have acne that’s located on your back.

Benzoyl Peroxide An antibacterial ingredient found in many topical acne products that can also help decongest (unclog) pores.

Blackhead A noninflammatory pimple that occurs when a hair follicle gets filled with excess oil and dead skin cells. Blackheads are also called “open comedones” because the surface of the skin remains open. Exposure to air causes the opening of the follicle to oxidize and turn black. There is no active bacteria in this type of pimple.

Blind Pimples The term for pimples that can be felt beneath the skin but not seen. Blind pimples form in the deeper layers of the skin and can be tender to the touch.

Chemical Peel A treatment that involves applying a chemical (commonly salicylic, glycolic, or lactic acid) to the skin to stimulate exfoliation (removal) of the top layers of skin. Light and medium chemical peels may be recommended for acne or acne scars.

Closed Comedo (Plural: Comedones) Also known as a whitehead, this is a noninflammatory type of pimple that forms when oils and skin cells plug up a hair follicle and the opening of the follicle closes up. Because the top of the pimple is covered with a thin layer of skin, it appears white or light-toned on its surface. There is no active bacteria in this type of pimple.

Comedo (Plural: Comedones) An acne lesion, or pimple, that is not inflamed and does not have any active bacteria. Whiteheads and blackheads fall into this category.

Comedogenic Ingredients in makeup or skin-care products that clog pores and can cause blackheads or whiteheads.

Cortisone Injection A steroid drug that is injected into a cyst or nodule in order to bring down severe inflammation.

Cutibacterium Acne (C. Acnes) A type of bacteria at the base of hair follicles that’s involved in the formation of acne.

Cystic Acne Larger-than-average pimples that penetrate deep into the skin tissues and can leave behind a scar.

Dermis The thick layer of the skin lying below the epidermis (outermost layer of skin). The dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, oil, sweat glands, nerves, and hair follicles.

Dermabrasion A skin-resurfacing procedure that uses a rapidly rotating device to remove the outer layer of skin. The skin that grows back is usually smoother. Dermatologists often use dermabrasion to get rid of nearly flat (not too deep) acne scars.

Epidermis The outermost layer of the skin.

Excoriation Disorder A mental disorder in which people have an uncontrollable desire to pick, scratch, or rub acne lesions. Excoriation disorder falls on the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum.

Exfoliation The process of removing dead skin cells from the outer layer of your skin. Mechanical exfoliation uses a tool, such as a brush, sponge, or a scrub, to physically remove dead skin cells. Chemical exfoliation uses chemicals, such as alpha and beta hydroxy acids, to gently dissolve dead skin cells.

Follicle (or Hair Follicle) A small opening in the skin where hair grows and sebum (oil) is excreted. Follicles start in the dermis and connect to the surface of the skin. There are hundreds of hair follicles on the face, most of which contain miniature, invisible hairs. Blockage of a hair follicle, called a follicular plug, is an early step in the formation of all types of acne.

Hormonal Acne Breakouts that occur due to hormone fluctuations or imbalances. This type of acne commonly occurs during teenage years, as rising testosterone increases oil production in the skin. During menopause, falling estrogen levels can also trigger acne.

Inflammatory In acne, this term is used to describe a pimple that’s red, inflamed, tender, or filled with pus.

Isotretinoin (Accutane) An oral acne medication that is prescribed to treat severe acne that involves deep, painful cysts and nodules. This is the only acne treatment that attacks all four causes of acne — excess oil production, clogged pores, too much of the bacteria C. acnes, and inflammation. Due to potential birth defects, a woman must not take this medication while pregnant or breast-feeding and must not become pregnant while taking it.

Laser Therapy A treatment that uses a laser (a machine that produces a single band of light) to reduce C. acnes bacteria and sebum (oil), both of which contribute to acne. Laser therapy can help calm inflamed skin as well. Laser treatment for acne normally involves about three sessions at a doctor’s office.

Lesion An area of skin, such as a pimple, that looks or feels different from the surrounding skin.

Macule A flat spot, or a patch of skin, that is not the same color as the surrounding skin.

Maskne Acne related to wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maskne is a form of acne mechanica (see above) and can cause breakouts in the areas covered by a face mask, such as the jaw, cheeks, nose, chin, and around the mouth.

Melanin A substance that gives hair and skin its color.

Microcomedo The first stage of comedo (whitehead or blackhead) formation. A microcomedo can only be seen with a microscope.

Microdermabrasion A treatment that uses a minimally abrasive instrument to gently remove (or “sand” off) the thicker, uneven outer layer of dead skin cells. It may be used to treat acne and also to reduce acne scarring. Some microdermabrasion instruments have suction to vacuum the loosened skin cells from the face.

Milia Milia are tiny, hard cysts that form on the skin. These bumps form when keratin, a type of protein found in surface skin cells, gets trapped under the outer layer of skin. Milia bumps look like whiteheads, but they are not acne. Unlike acne, they don’t develop in a pore and do not become inflamed.

Multi-factorial A term that dermatologists use to describe how and why acne forms, which typically involves multiple factors, including bacteria, oil, excess skin cell shedding, medication, hormones, stress, and diet.

Nodulocystic Acne A severe form of acne that causes numerous, deep, inflamed bumps (nodules) and large, pus-filled lesions (cysts). The nodules can be tender when touched and feel firm; cysts can also be tender but are fluid-filled so they feel soft to the touch. Scarring can result when the acne heals.

Noncomedogenic Not likely to clog pores and cause comedones, or pimples.

Noninflammatory In acne, this refers to comedones (pimples) that are not associated with redness/discoloration or swelling in the skin. Blackheads and whiteheads are noninflammatory.

Open Comedo Also known as a blackhead, this is a noninflammatory comedo (pimple) that occurs when a hair follicle gets filled with excess oil and dead skin cells. Because the surface of the follicle remains open and exposed to air, it oxidizes and turns black. There is no active bacteria in this type of pimple.

Oral Contraceptives Commonly called “the pill,” these birth control medications may be prescribed as acne treatment for some women. Oral contraceptives that contain both estrogen and progesterone can help reduce production of androgens, a group of hormones that stimulate skin to produce sebum (oil), which contributes to acne.

Papule A small, slightly elevated, red/discolored bump, also known as an “early pimple.” Papules occur when a pore becomes clogged with excess oil, bacteria, and dead skin cells. If you have a lot of papules, the area may feel like sandpaper. After a few days, papules normally fill with pus and develop a white or yellow center, at which point they are called pustules.

Papulopustular A type of acne that includes papules (see above) and pustules (pus-filled pimples).

Pilosebaceous Unit The grouping (or unit) that contains the hair follicle and attached sebaceous (oil) gland.

Pimple The common term for inflamed bumps or lesions on the skin.

Pore Small openings on the skin. Pores are where hair follicles (which extend downward through several layers of skin) open on the surface of the skin.

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Darkened skin that occurs where an inflamed pimple was located. Part of the skin’s natural response to inflammation is to deposit melanin (pigment) into the skin. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can be a particular concern in skin of color.

Propionibacterium Acnes (P. Acnes) The former name of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a bacteria on the skin surface that contributes to acne. While you might still see either P. acnes or C. acnes used to describe the same acne-causing bacteria, scientists recently found that C. acnes is the more accurate name.

Pustule A pus-filled pimple that often has a yellow or white center.

Pseudocyst A pocket of fluid that forms under the skin. A pseudocyst can develop after long-term irritation or repeated injury to the area.

Retinoid A type of prescription acne treatment that is a derivative of vitamin A. Retinoids can penetrate the skin beyond the epidermis and help unclog pores and speed up cellular turnover. Retinoids can also help fade acne scars. Over-the-counter versions are called retinols.

Salicylic Acid An ingredient commonly found in over-the-counter acne treatments. Salicylic acid helps gently exfoliate the upper layers of the skin and can break down the excess oil and dead skin cells within hair follicles.

Sebaceous Glands Oil-producing glands located in the deeper layers of the skin. These glands are attached to hair follicles and the oil they produce travels up the follicle to end up on the surface of the skin.

Seborrhoea Excessively oily skin. Seborrhoea is due to overactive sebaceous (oil-producing) glands. The scalp and face are most commonly affected, but seborrhoea can also affect folds of skin, such as the underarms and under the breasts.

Sebum An oily secretion of the sebaceous gland that helps to preserve the flexibility of the hair and skin. Sebum can cause acne when too much is produced.

Steroid Acne A type of acne that occurs as a side effect of using corticosteroid drugs for too long. To avoid this skin complication, corticosteroid medications are typically prescribed for a limited time.

Sulfur A natural element that can cause the skin to dry and peel. Sulfur also inhibits bacterial growth. This ingredient can be found in both prescription and over-the-counter acne treatment products.

Systemic Treatment  A type of medication that is taken internally, rather than just being applied to the skin. This includes pills, injections, and infusions.

Topical Treatment A type of treatment that is applied to the skin, such as a lotion, cream, or gel.

Whitehead A noninflammatory pimple that forms when oil and skin cells block the opening of a hair follicle. Whiteheads are also called “closed comedones.” Because the top is covered with a thin layer of skin, it appears white or light-toned on its surface.

Zit A slang term for a pimple.

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Acne glossary: Defining 40 common terms

Acne: This is the general name for a common skin condition that causes spots and oily skin. Acne can involve various skin blemishes, including:

• blackheads
• whiteheads
• papules
• pustules
• cysts
• nodules

Acne vulgaris: This is the medical term for common acne, which distinguishes it from less common forms of acne, such as cystic and nodulocystic acne.

Androgens: These are a type of hormone that stimulate the oil glands and hair follicles in the skin, which can lead to acne. Stress causes increased androgen levels, which is why stress can cause acne breakouts.

Antibiotics: Drugs that treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. Doctors may prescribe antibiotics to treat bacterial overgrowth related to acne.

Bacteria: These are single-celled microorganisms. An overgrowth of bacteria within the follicle may cause inflammation, leading to acne.

Blackhead: A noninflammatory comedo with firmly packed contents and a dark-tipped plug. Also called an open comedo.

Chemical peel: This procedure involves applying a type of organic acid, most commonly salicylic, glycolic, or lactic acid, to the skin to remove dead cells. Dermatologists use chemical peels to treat two types of acne — blackheads, and papules. Many people will experience mild burning and stinging.

Closed comedo: See whitehead.

Comedo: An acne lesion. A comedo is a clogged hair follicle or pore in the skin. A comedo occurs when debris, called keratin, combines with oil to block the pore. A blackhead is an open comedo, and a whitehead is a closed comedo. The plural of comedo is comedones.

Cysts: Deep, painful, pus-filled lesions that can cause scarring. Cysts occur in people with severe acne. If large cysts do not respond to medicine, a doctor may need to excise and drain them.

Cystic acne: A severe form of acne where the person develops multiple cysts. Antibiotics, hormonal medicines, and isotretinoin may help treat cystic acne.

Dermabrasion: A medical procedure that involves the controlled abrasion, or wearing away, of the upper layers of the skin with sandpaper or another mechanical means to unplug pores. It can make acne scars smoother and less visible.

Exfoliation: This is a mechanical or chemical method of peeling off the top layer of the skin at a microscopic level to unblock clogged pores.

Hair follicle: A small cavity in the skin from where a hair grows and into which the oil glands open. Cells that derive from the outside, or epidermal, layer of the skin line the follicle.

Hormonal treatments: Although many people with hormonal acne have normal blood hormone levels, fluctuations in the levels can impact the skin. Doctors may prescribe birth control pills and spironolactone to people with normal hormone levels.

Hormone: A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of specific cells or organs. Certain hormones contribute to acne.

Infection: The invasion of the body by a harmful bacterium or another organism. Skin infections can occur when a person pops or scratches an acne lesion because bacteria can enter through broken skin.

Inflammatory: Inflammatory acne causes inflamed lesions. Symptoms include skin warmth, swelling, and pain, and discoloration of the skin. Inflammation is the body’s natural protective response to injury or infection.

Isotretinoin: This is a systemic medication that doctors prescribe to treat severe or cystic acne that involves deep, painful cysts, and nodules. Females of childbearing age should take special care with this drug due to potential links with congenital disabilities.

Laser therapy: Laser and other light therapies reduce the Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria that may cause acne.

Lesion: A physical change in body tissue caused by disease or injury. An infection of the sebaceous follicle causes a physical change in the skin. leading to acne lesions.

Nodules: Cysts that contain a large amount of pus or bacteria. This form of acne typically causes pain and extends deeper into the skin layers.

Nodulocystic acne: A severe form of acne characterized by multiple inflamed and uninflamed nodules. It usually affects the face, chest, and back, and is more common in males.

Noncomedogenic: A product that does not cause comedones, e.g., a noncomedogenic shampoo.

Open comedo: See blackhead.

Papule: Small, firm lesions that appear on the surface of the skin. They may or may not become infected.

Pimples: Small papules or pustules.

Prescription: A doctor’s order to prepare and administer a drug or device for a person.

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes): A natural bacterium on the human skin with links to acne. P. acnes feeds and proliferates in clogged hair follicles where sebum is trapped.

Puberty: The developmental stage between childhood and adulthood. Puberty usually develops in early teens alongside a significant increase in hormone production. Acne is common during puberty due to hormonal changes in the body.

Pustule: An inflamed comedo that resembles a whitehead and is surrounded by a dark or red ring. Skin redness is more prominent on lighter skin and less apparent on people with darker skin.

Rash: An area of skin that contains many small blemishes. People also call this a breakout or eruption.

Rosacea: Doctors may refer to this as adult acne because it occurs mostly in adults. Pimples, discoloration of the skin, and, in advanced stages, thickened skin, characterize this condition.

Sebaceous gland: This is a normal gland of the skin that empties sebum into the hair follicle near the skin’s surface. Sebaceous glands attached to hair follicles are mostly on the face, neck, back, and chest.

Sebum: An oily secretion of the sebaceous gland that helps to preserve the flexibility of the hair and skin.

Severity: Medical professionals categorize acne severity based on the number of lesions a person has:

• mild acne:
• moderate acne: 30–125 lesions
• Severe acne: >125 lesions

Tetracycline: An antibiotic that doctors often prescribe to treat acne. It is effective against a remarkably wide variety of organisms.

Therapy: Acne therapy refers to an individual’s course of treatment, usually decided with a doctor’s help.

Topical: A topical medicine is one that the person applies directly to the affected area of skin. The medication aims to affect only a specific area of skin, though the body may absorb some into the bloodstream.

Whitehead: An acne lesion that forms when oils and skin cells block the opening of a hair follicle. Also called a closed comedo.

How to get rid of acne on the face

Acne (acne) appears as a result of failures of important functional processes in the body, and in order to understand how to get rid of acne on the face, it is necessary to determine the specific cause of the problem. There are several types of acne, mainly localized on the face (forehead, nose and cheeks). For the treatment of acne, experts advise using products with a natural composition and avoid squeezing them out. The problem can bother at any age, but most often acne appears in adolescents, against the background of hormonal changes. In most cases, properly selected face care cosmetics can solve this problem.

Pimples are painful point inflammations localized on the skin, often with purulent or serous contents inside. In dermatology, acne is considered not only a cosmetic problem, but also a sign of organ system disorders. Genetic predisposition plays a big role in the appearance of acne. When asked why acne appears on the face, experts also often point to a lack of melanin content in skin cells. It is important to know that acne on the face is a signal of the presence of problems with somatic health.

Acne is a medical term. Cosmetologists and dermatologists also use the term acne. Acne is a skin disease that affects the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The pathological condition occurs as a result of clogging of the pore with a sebaceous plug, as well as the entry and reproduction of disease agents, in particular bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Demodex mites or Candida fungi. On the epidermis of a healthy person, such bacteria are constantly present, but their reproduction is prevented by the immune system. Pathological reproduction of pathogens is caused by creating an abundant nutrient medium and reducing immunity.

Many people wonder what to do if there is acne on the face, worrying only about the aesthetic side of the problem, which actually has more serious prerequisites.

Types of acne

For the correct selection of a treatment strategy, it is necessary to use the existing classification of acne and familiarize yourself with the distinguishing features of each type of acne.

Types of acne on the face are classified by stage of development:

1. Comedones, which are pores with a thick secretion from the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous plugs on the face can remain open, which leads to partial oxidation of the sebum plug. As a result of the pathological process, black dots or black pimples appear on the face. When the exit from the pore is narrowed or blocked by skin particles, fat accumulates inside, forming white balls, or the so-called white pimples on the face. White small pimples on the face (milia) occur mainly in the area of ​​​​the eyes, chin or on the cheeks. Enlarged pores indicate the initial stage of the pathological process.
2. Red pimples on the face or papules forming on the surface of the skin, firm and painful to the touch.
3. Pustules or vesicles containing sulfur or pus. They stand out above the surface of the skin and easily burst when pressed, leaving no scar after healing.
4. Nodular cystic acne or subcutaneous acne on the face indicate a complex course of the disease and are characterized by the presence of multiple papules and pustules, merging into formations connected by fistulas. Internal acne on the face appears as a result of a violation of the functionality of the sebaceous secretion glands. Purulent infiltrates form under the skin, connective scar tissue grows. This form of acne requires long-term therapy, in some cases even surgery.
5. Acne fulminans are caused by damage to the epithelium by pathogenic agents. Characteristic of this species is the presence of symptoms of a bacterial infection (fever, dehydration, muscle and joint pain). This form of acne requires the use of antibiotics under medical supervision.

Carbuncles, boils, pimples and blackheads on the face may be infectious. When opened, they secrete pus, often with an admixture of blood. Spots on the face after acne, acting as the main cause of concern for many women, in most cases are the result of this form of acne.

According to etiology, endogenous and exogenous (vulgar) acne are distinguished.

Endogenous type of oily acne is most often found in adolescents, people with diabetes, gastrointestinal problems and pregnant women. Pimples on the face of women can also appear:

• with regular use of hormonal drugs;
• at the beginning of the menstrual cycle;
• after experienced stress and psychological stress.

Exogenous oily acne on the face occurs as a result of improper care of problematic facial skin, as well as increased work of the sebaceous glands due to:

• improper diet;
• alcohol abuse;
• frequent stress;
• sleep disorders.

Exogenous pimples can occur when exposed to harsh chemicals, or when using poor-quality cosmetics or make-up.

Classification of the disease is also carried out by age categories. There are pubertal acne, caused by changes in hormonal levels in adolescents aged 12-13 years. Acne in people after 25 years of age is a symptom of a malfunction of the endocrine system, and also indicates an improper diet and the presence of bad habits.

Causes of acne

There are quite a few reasons for the development of acne. Pimples on the face, often caused by a malfunction of the sebaceous glands, occur when the glands secrete too much or too little sebum.

With a large amount of sebum, it gets into the pores and clogs them, causing an inflammatory process. If fat is produced in insufficient quantities, the protective ability of the skin is reduced, and it is easily exposed to pathogenic microorganisms.

Causes of acne also include:

• infection with specific acne bacteria;
• hormonal disorders and changes;
• diseases of internal organ systems.

Many are interested in the question of why acne appears on the forehead. Causes of localization of acne on the forehead can be:

• disorders of the digestive tract;
• liver and gallbladder problems;
• hormonal changes in the body;
• long-term use of certain drugs and dietary supplements;
• use of decorative cosmetics;
• poor hygiene;
• the use of products that enhance the work of the sebaceous glands;
• allergic reaction and stress;
• genetic disposition;
• age-related changes.

To understand how to treat acne on the face, you need to consult a dermatologist. For the correct choice of therapeutic course, it is important to determine the specific cause of the skin disease.

Organs responsible for acne on the face

Experts say that the appearance of acne is associated with human health. The organs responsible for acne on the face are determined by the location of the acne. Acne appearance:

• at the temples indicates a problem with the spleen and gallbladder;
• in the area between the eyebrows indicates problems with the liver and pancreas;
• on the forehead indicates disorders of the digestive tract, bowel or gallbladder;
• on the nose is a signal that there are problems with the pancreas and stomach, as well as with the cardiovascular system;
• on the cheeks indicates gastrointestinal diseases, lung problems, as well as pathologies of the oral cavity, teeth and gums;
• around the eyes and above the cheekbone is a clear symptom of problems with the kidneys and adrenal glands;
• above the lips indicates problems with the intestines and heart;
• on the chin is a sign of pelvic disease, hormonal imbalance, or bad habits.

How to treat acne on the face

It is necessary to organize acne treatment after determining the cause of the pathology. It is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of facial skin care products, since it is often low-quality cosmetic products that cause acne. Care products should be appropriate for the age and type of skin. It is advised to give preference to cosmetics with a natural composition.

It is not recommended to abuse foundation creams and powder. For dry skin, you should choose cosmetics that balance moisture in skin cells. Owners of oily skin should use care products designed only for the corresponding type of dermis. Every day before going to bed, the face must be cleaned of traces of cosmetics. You need to wash your face with soap-free products so as not to dry out the skin.

You also need to watch your diet:

• eat a balanced diet, reduce the amount of fast carbohydrates, sugar, salt, fatty, spicy and fried foods;
• give preference to dishes from fresh vegetables, include in the diet a lot of fruits, berries and dried fruits;
• give up alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
• drink about 2 liters of pure water per day, which will help reduce the density of the secretion of the excretory glands.

If necessary, consult a dermatologist or beautician. Squeezing acne on the face is strictly prohibited, as this is fraught with infection and injury to the hair follicle.

The best remedy for acne on the skin

Experienced dermatologists emphasize that the best remedy for acne on the face should be natural and not have an aggressive effect on the epidermis. With individual sensitivity to certain chemical components, it is important to familiarize yourself with the composition before using an acne remedy. Some chemical elements included in the composition of the cosmetic product, on the contrary, can aggravate the condition.

Effective remedies include:

1. Red clover flower extract for acne. Due to the composition rich in vitamins and minerals, red clover helps to eliminate the inflammatory process on the skin of the face and reduces irritability of the skin. It can be added to masks for dry, flaky, problematic facial skin instead of ordinary water.
2. Propolis extract. With the help of this composition, it is possible to stimulate tissue regeneration, get rid of scars and scars after acne treatment, and also stop the inflammatory process on the skin of the face. Propolis helps to normalize the production of sebum (sebum), increases the permeability of the skin, and also reduces the increased fat content of the dermis. The product has a positive effect on the skin of the face, making it supple and smooth.

You can prevent acne and prolong the youthfulness of facial skin if you follow the rules of a healthy lifestyle, treat diseases of internal organs in a timely manner and give up bad habits.

Proper and regular skin care with well-chosen products is another way to prevent acne.

Monomolecule No. 3 works well in the fight against acne shrinking pores, reducing oiliness and inflammation ResedaOdor

Applying a few drops every day will help you achieve perfect skin texture. Monomolecule No. 3 consists of 100% active physiological concentrated substance.

Favorable active effect on the skin relieves:

• excess sebum;

• Enlarged pores.

Improves the exfoliation of dead cells. Does not clog skin pores. Prevents the formation of comedones. This is a serum with 100% peptides for the face.

As an alternative to the 3rd monomolecule, you can take a closer look at the ResedaOdor sebum-regulating booster. Specially designed for skin with enlarged pores and prone to oiliness. Ideal facial treatment for oily and problematic skin, acts as a serum for problematic skin.

The sebum-regulating booster is based on two groups of active ingredients that ensure the correct exfoliation of the stratum corneum. Biocanin A and propolis extract.

Biocanin A regulates the sebaceous glands. Helps tighten pores and even out skin texture by compressing collagen fibers. Accelerates regeneration. Thanks to this component, the tone of the face improves, greasy shine disappears and the number of black dots (comedones) decreases.

Propolis extract has an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. Activates local skin immunity

Why can’t you pop pimples? – Useful – News

Pimples cannot be squeezed. Why?

Firstly, there is such a thing as the triangle of death – this is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe nose and the skin of the upper lip. If you squeeze out some particularly large pimple in this area, then the infection can get into the blood, and then into the sinuses of the brain. This is due to the peculiarities of the blood supply to the zone. As a result, there can be huge problems, because of which you can even go to the forefathers. Such cases do exist. Their cause, as a rule, is boils, that is, very large purulent elements.
Of course, we are not talking about some small pustules. Still, it is hardly possible to die from a squeezed out black dot, although, probably, anything can happen.

What are pimples?

Acne can be divided into cavitary and non-cavitary elements. Non-cavity is a papule, such a red tubercle that it is useless to press, because there is no cavity there. The maximum we can squeeze out of it is exudate – a clear inflammatory fluid. And we will not get any result and any satisfaction from this. If a person sees a papule, then one must understand that it is useless to press it.

Also don’t push knots. In a severe form of acne, there are such deep-lying, directly dense formations. Yes, cysts can ripen there, that is, cavities with pus. But they are in the subcutaneous fat, that is, very deep. And if we press and injure them, then, most likely, we will only make it worse, because this purulent cavity can break into soft tissues, and everything will go very sadly.

There are also pustules – small pustules with a white head.

The gold standard for acne treatment

Cyclic retinoids are the gold standard for acne treatment and sometimes worth choosing. Naturally, not on your own, but accompanied by a doctor, because there are both risks and contraindications. Here is the time to remember the term acne-disability, when a person suffers so much because of the way he looks with his acne that he develops psychological trauma. So in the process of treatment, the main thing is to find a competent doctor who can explain everything and assess the situation.

How can I wean myself from popping pimples?

When you squeeze out pimples, you can form an atrophic scar in this place – even after squeezing out a small element. Sometimes such scars are formed, even if you did not press anything, but simply because some deep inflammatory process has developed. A post-inflammatory spot usually brings a lot of trouble.

This habit can be replaced by something. For example, buy an antibiotic gel, and when the hand reaches out to squeeze something out, let it reach for the gel to anoint the irritating element. Try like this. It is clear that this is difficult. There is even such a term “dermatilomania”, when a person obsessively picks at his acne.