What are the main symptoms of heart failure. How does shortness of breath manifest in heart failure patients. What causes swelling in the ankles and feet in heart failure. How does fatigue affect daily activities in heart failure patients.

Understanding Heart Failure and Its Primary Symptoms

Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs. This leads to a cascade of symptoms that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for proper management and treatment.

The three primary symptoms of heart failure are:

• Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
• Fatigue
• Swelling in the ankles or feet (edema)

Each of these symptoms can manifest in various ways and severities, depending on the progression of the condition.

Decoding Dyspnea: The Multifaceted Nature of Shortness of Breath

Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is the most common symptom of heart failure. It can present itself in several ways, making it challenging to distinguish from other respiratory conditions. How does shortness of breath manifest in heart failure patients? It can range from mild discomfort during physical activities to severe breathlessness even at rest.

Exertional Dyspnea: When Physical Activity Becomes a Challenge

Exertional dyspnea refers to shortness of breath that occurs during physical activity. In the early stages of heart failure, this may only be noticeable during intense exercise. As the condition progresses, even mild exertion can trigger breathlessness. Patients might experience:

• Difficulty catching their breath
• Chest tightness
• Fatigue during walks
• Need for frequent stops during physical activities

Orthopnea: The Struggle to Breathe While Lying Flat

Orthopnea is a specific type of dyspnea that occurs when lying down. Why does lying flat cause breathlessness in heart failure patients? When in a supine position, blood that normally pools in the legs returns to the central circulation. In a healthy heart, this increased blood volume is easily managed. However, in heart failure, the weakened heart struggles to cope with this additional blood, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and causing shortness of breath.

The severity of orthopnea is often described by the number of pillows a patient needs to sleep comfortably. For instance, “two-pillow orthopnea” indicates that the patient needs to prop themselves up with two pillows to avoid breathlessness.

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea: Nighttime Breathing Difficulties

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) is a more severe form of orthopnea. Patients with PND may wake up suddenly in the middle of the night feeling severely short of breath. This symptom can be particularly distressing and may be accompanied by:

• Coughing or wheezing
• Rapid heart rate
• Feeling of suffocation

Unlike orthopnea, PND typically occurs after several hours of lying down. Patients often need to sit up or stand to alleviate the symptoms, which usually subside after a few minutes in an upright position.

Fatigue and Exercise Intolerance: The Hidden Symptoms of Heart Failure

Fatigue is a common yet often overlooked symptom of heart failure. How does fatigue affect daily activities in heart failure patients? It can manifest as:

• Decreased energy levels
• Difficulty performing routine tasks
• Reduced exercise capacity

The impact of fatigue on daily life can be subtle and gradual. Patients may unconsciously modify their behavior to accommodate their decreasing energy levels. For example, they might start driving short distances instead of walking or avoid climbing stairs.

Low Exercise Capacity: The Gradual Decline in Physical Abilities

Low exercise capacity is closely related to fatigue but focuses specifically on the reduced ability to perform physical activities. This symptom can be challenging for patients to recognize as it develops slowly over time. Healthcare providers often need to inquire about changes in daily activities to uncover this symptom.

Examples of low exercise capacity include:

• Avoiding stairs in favor of elevators
• Choosing sedentary activities over physical ones
• Experiencing unusual tiredness after mild exertion

Edema: Understanding Fluid Retention in Heart Failure

Edema, particularly in the ankles and feet, is a common symptom of heart failure. What causes swelling in the ankles and feet in heart failure? It results from the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body’s tissues.

Characteristics of Heart Failure-Related Edema

Edema in heart failure often has specific characteristics:

• Worsens throughout the day or after prolonged standing
• Can be painful or uncomfortable
• Leaves impressions in the skin when pressed (pitting edema)
• May cause shoes to fit poorly

The severity of edema can vary greatly among patients, ranging from mild swelling to severe, painful swelling that stretches the skin.

Pitting Edema: A Telltale Sign of Fluid Retention

Pitting edema is a specific type of swelling where pressure applied to the swollen area leaves an indentation in the skin. This is often used as a diagnostic tool by healthcare providers. They may press their thumb into the swollen area and observe how long the indentation remains.

The Interplay of Symptoms: How Heart Failure Affects Daily Life

The symptoms of heart failure rarely occur in isolation. Instead, they often interact and compound each other, significantly impacting a patient’s quality of life. How do the various symptoms of heart failure affect a patient’s daily routine?

• Shortness of breath may limit physical activities and social interactions
• Fatigue can reduce overall productivity and enjoyment of life
• Edema may make mobility challenging and affect self-image

Understanding this interplay is crucial for both patients and healthcare providers in managing the condition effectively.

Diagnostic Challenges: Differentiating Heart Failure from Other Conditions

While the symptoms of heart failure are distinct, they can sometimes be mistaken for other conditions. Why is it important to seek professional medical advice for proper diagnosis? Many of the symptoms, particularly shortness of breath, can be caused by various health issues such as:

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Anemia
• Obesity
• Kidney disease

A thorough medical examination, including a detailed patient history, physical examination, and potentially diagnostic tests, is necessary to accurately diagnose heart failure and rule out other conditions.

Management Strategies: Coping with Heart Failure Symptoms

While heart failure is a chronic condition, there are numerous strategies to manage its symptoms and improve quality of life. What are some effective ways to manage heart failure symptoms?

Lifestyle Modifications

• Maintaining a heart-healthy diet low in sodium
• Engaging in regular, appropriate physical activity as advised by a healthcare provider
• Monitoring and managing fluid intake
• Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption

Medical Management

Medical management of heart failure often involves a combination of medications aimed at:

• Improving heart function
• Reducing fluid retention
• Controlling blood pressure
• Managing associated conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol

Symptom-Specific Strategies

For specific symptoms, targeted strategies can be employed:

• Elevating the head of the bed for orthopnea
• Using compression stockings for edema
• Pacing activities throughout the day to manage fatigue

The Importance of Early Detection and Ongoing Monitoring

Early detection and continuous monitoring of heart failure symptoms are crucial for effective management and improved outcomes. Why is it essential to report any changes in symptoms to healthcare providers promptly?

• Early intervention can prevent symptom worsening
• Timely adjustments to treatment plans can improve quality of life
• Regular monitoring helps track disease progression and treatment effectiveness

Patients are encouraged to keep a symptom diary, noting any changes in their condition, and to maintain regular follow-up appointments with their healthcare team.

Emerging Technologies in Heart Failure Management

Advancements in technology are offering new ways to monitor and manage heart failure. How are these innovations improving patient care?

Remote Monitoring Devices

Wearable devices and implantable sensors can now provide continuous data on various physiological parameters, including:

• Heart rate and rhythm
• Blood pressure
• Fluid status
• Activity levels

This real-time data allows for early detection of worsening symptoms and timely interventions.

Telemedicine

Telemedicine platforms enable patients to consult with their healthcare providers remotely, facilitating:

• Regular check-ins without the need for in-person visits
• Quick adjustments to treatment plans
• Improved access to care, especially for patients in rural areas

Mobile Health Applications

Smartphone apps designed for heart failure patients can assist in:

• Tracking symptoms and medications
• Providing educational resources
• Sending reminders for medication and appointments

These technologies not only improve patient care but also empower individuals to take an active role in managing their condition.

The Role of Support Systems in Heart Failure Management

Living with heart failure can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. How can a strong support system benefit heart failure patients?

Family and Friends

The support of loved ones can be invaluable in:

• Providing emotional support
• Assisting with daily tasks and medication management
• Encouraging adherence to treatment plans

Support Groups

Joining a heart failure support group can offer:

• A sense of community with others facing similar challenges
• Opportunities to share experiences and coping strategies
• Access to educational resources and guest speakers

Mental Health Support

The emotional impact of living with a chronic condition should not be underestimated. Professional mental health support can help patients:

• Cope with anxiety and depression often associated with chronic illness
• Develop stress management techniques
• Improve overall quality of life

Encouraging patients to build and utilize these support systems can significantly improve their ability to manage their condition and maintain a positive outlook.

Research and Future Directions in Heart Failure Treatment

The field of heart failure management is continuously evolving, with ongoing research aimed at improving patient outcomes. What are some promising areas of research in heart failure treatment?

Gene Therapy

Researchers are exploring the potential of gene therapy to:

• Repair damaged heart tissue
• Improve heart muscle function
• Prevent further deterioration of heart health

Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell research shows promise in:

• Regenerating damaged heart tissue
• Improving heart function
• Potentially reversing some effects of heart failure

Novel Drug Therapies

Pharmaceutical research continues to develop new medications that:

• Target specific pathways involved in heart failure progression
• Offer improved efficacy with fewer side effects
• Combine multiple mechanisms of action in single formulations

Artificial Intelligence in Patient Care

The integration of AI in healthcare is opening new possibilities for:

• Predictive analytics to identify patients at risk of heart failure exacerbations
• Personalized treatment plans based on individual patient data
• Improved diagnostic accuracy through advanced image analysis

These research directions offer hope for improved treatments and potentially even cures for heart failure in the future. Patients are encouraged to stay informed about these advancements and discuss potential new treatments with their healthcare providers.

Heart Failure Symptoms | Kaiser Permanente

If you have heart failure, symptoms start to happen when your heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of your body.

Shortness of breath

While shortness of breath is the most common symptom of heart failure, it may be difficult or impossible to distinguish it from shortness of breath caused by other health problems such as emphysema or severe anemia. Your doctor can help you determine why you have been feeling short of breath.

People with heart failure experience shortness of breath in many different ways. You might feel that:

• You can’t catch your breath.
• You feel tightness in your chest.
• You feel tired when you walk.
• You need to stop a lot when you walk.
• It gets worse when you lie flat, and it may wake you up at night.

Shortness of breath from exertion or exercise. If your shortness of breath isn’t severe, you may notice it only when you are exerting yourself, and sometimes only during more intense exertion. The medical term for this symptom is dyspnea (say “DISP-nee-uh”).

When heart failure develops gradually, your shortness of breath also may develop gradually, which can make it hard to notice. But people with more severe heart failure may have shortness of breath with minimal exertion.

Shortness of breath while lying down. People with more severe heart failure may experience shortness of breath when they lie down. The medical term for this symptom is orthopnea (say “or-THAWP-nee-uh”). The severity of this symptom usually depends on how flat you are lying—the flatter you lie, the more you feel short of breath.

To gauge the severity of this symptom, doctors often ask people how many pillows they need to lie on to avoid feeling short of breath in bed. For example, “three-pillow” orthopnea is worse than “two-pillow” orthopnea, because you have less tolerance for lying flat.

The reason you may have orthopnea is that when you lie flat, the blood that ordinarily pools in the veins of your legs is reentering your bloodstream. If you have heart failure, your heart may not be able to keep up with the increased amount of blood returning to the heart, so fluid builds up inside the lungs and causes shortness of breath.

Shortness of breath while sleeping. Some people with heart failure wake up in the middle of the night with severe shortness of breath. The medical term for this symptom is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND). This may occur with waking up coughing and/or wheezing, having a rapid heart rate, and a feeling of being suffocated.

In general, people who experience PND don’t feel increased shortness of breath when they first lie down. But after several hours of lying down, they awake with shortness of breath, which often occurs suddenly. People who experience PND often have to sit up on the side of the bed, and they may feel a need to open a window to get more air. The shortness of breath generally goes away after a few minutes of sitting up.

Being very tired (fatigue)

You might feel that:

• You have less energy and feel more tired than usual.
• You can’t exert yourself like you could before.

You might also have low exercise capacity. This can be harder to describe. It is a symptom that people with heart failure often don’t even notice because they have gradually reduced the level at which they exert themselves.

For example, they may stop walking up the stairs, or they may drive to the store instead of walking. Some people at first deny that they have been experiencing this symptom. It is only after doctors ask them about changes in their activities that they realize they have been avoiding physical exertion. This decrease in your ability to exert yourself physically is what doctors call low exercise capacity.

Swelling in ankles or feet

People with heart failure often experience swelling in their ankles or feet. You might notice that:

• It gets worse at the end of the day or after you stand for long periods.
• It hurts.
• Pressure leaves impressions in your skin.
• Shoes no longer fit.

The degree of swelling you experience depends on how well your body is compensating for heart failure and how much sodium and water your body retains. In some cases the swelling is mild and merely bothersome, while in other cases it can be severe and painful if the skin becomes taut and sensitive.

The medical term for this swelling in the legs is pedal edema—”pedal” refers to the feet and “edema” refers to the buildup of excess fluid. Heart failure often causes what doctors call “pitting edema,” meaning that applying pressure to the swollen skin leaves an indentation in the skin. Doctors often test for edema by pressing their thumb to the skin and seeing whether it leaves an impression. You may see this yourself if you take off your shoes and socks and find that your socks have left an impression in the skin of your ankles and feet.

You may notice more severe swelling if you have been eating too much salt, which causes your body to retain fluid. Elevating your feet or wearing supportive stockings can help relieve the swelling.

Sudden weight gain

Weight gain may be the first noticeable sign that you have developed heart failure or that your heart failure is getting worse. The amount of weight gained varies greatly among people with heart failure, and it reflects the amount of sodium and water the body has retained.

A sudden weight gain may mean that excess fluid is building up in your body because your heart failure is getting worse. It is a symptom of sudden heart failure.

Your doctor will probably ask you to weigh yourself every day. Know when to call your doctor if you suddenly gain weight.

Your doctor likely will work with you to manage changes in weight caused by fluid retention. For example, if you have a weight increase of 2 lb (0.91 kg), your doctor may recommend taking an additional diuretic that day.

Understanding Heart Failure and Edema

Edema is the clinical term for swelling caused by fluid retention. It can be triggered by any number of injuries, illnesses, or health conditions. But among the more serious conditions that can cause edema is heart failure.

This happens when the heart muscle weakens and can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. It can also happen if the pressure is increased, forcing the fluid to back up into the legs or abdomen, or when a leaky heart valve causes fluid retention.

Proper treatment of heart failure, or whatever is causing your edema, should help relieve your swelling and other symptoms. In this article, we’ll look more at why heart failure causes edema, as well as other types of edemas, and current treatment options.

Although it sounds like the heart is failing to work at all, the term heart failure really means that the heart has grown weaker or stiffer. It still pumps blood, but it’s not enough to meet the body’s needs.

Heart failure can result from several issues, including:

• heart attack
• high blood pressure
• various types of heart disease
• valve disease

Diseases like diabetes and sleep apnea can also weaken the heart.

Since the heart isn’t able to adequately pump blood out through the arteries and bring it back through the veins, blood can begin to pool, especially in the legs and feet.

The veins require a certain amount of force from the heart to keep blood flowing up to the heart and lungs, where it receives oxygen and other nutrients. The pressure inside the veins is also higher due to higher pressures in those with heart failure.

Without medications or devices to improve the heart muscle’s strength, blood doesn’t circulate properly in someone with heart failure. Excess blood and other fluids in the capillaries can leak out into bodily tissues, causing edema.

Sometimes edema is the first sign of heart failure. Once heart failure is diagnosed, it becomes important to monitor increases in body weight that may result from increased fluid retention.

One 2021 review of studies suggests that increases in edema may also predict worsening heart failure.

Fluid buildup in the feet and legs, known as pedal edema, is a common early sign of heart failure. But there are other types of edema that may be the result of heart failure, including:

• Peripheral edema: swelling of the the hands or lower legs.
• Pitting edema: swelling in the feet, legs, or anywhere else. Pitting edema gets it name because it leaves a “pit” or dent in the skin on the affected area.
• Pulmonary edema: a buildup of fluid in the lungs.

Other causes of edema

The main potential causes of edema range from the temporary and harmless to more serious and chronic conditions that require ongoing medical care. Other than heart failure, some common causes of edema include:

• Sitting or lying down in one position for too long. Simply getting up and moving around usually alleviates swelling in the legs and feet.
• Menstruation and pregnancy. Both conditions can lead to temporary fluid retention and swollen feet and legs.
• Eating a lot of salty foods. Consuming excess sodium causes the body to retain more fluid to help keep sodium levels from getting too high. The additional sodium is excreted in urine.
• Venous insufficiency. Problems with the veins that keep them from moving blood along its path to the heart allow fluid to leak into nearby tissue.
• Kidney disease. When the kidneys don’t remove enough fluid and sodium, pressure inside blood vessels increases and edema follows. Kidney-related edema may affect the legs and/or the face.
• Lung disease. Serious respiratory conditions, like emphysema, can lead to lower leg edema when the right side of the heart starts to fail because the pressure in the heart and lungs becomes too great for proper circulation to continue.
• Liver disease (cirrhosis). With cirrhosis, blood cannot pass through the liver properly. This increases pressure in the vein that brings blood to the liver from the intestines and spleen, causing fluid to accumulate in the legs.

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There are three main types of heart failure. Each one reduces the heart’s ability to pump effectively.

Left-sided heart failure

The left side of the heart is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. Left-sided heart failure can develop when the left ventricle (lower left chamber of heart) can no longer pump enough blood out of the heart and into circulation.

It can also occur when the left ventricle becomes too stiff and can’t fill with enough blood in between heart beats. This keeps the heart from meeting the body’s requirements for oxygenated blood. Left-sided heart disease sometimes involves edema in the lungs.

Right-sided heart failure

When blood returns to the heart, it enters the right atrium (top right chamber) and then moves to the right ventricle (bottom chamber), which pushes blood into the lungs to receive oxygen.

When the right side of the heart weakens, blood coming in from the veins can start to back up. This is called right-sided heart failure, which usually results in edema in the lower extremities.

Congestive heart failure

The term congestive heart failure is often used interchangeably with heart failure. But it really just refers to a state of heart failure in which fluid buildup in the body is serious enough to require medical attention. In this instance, “congestion” is another word for fluid. This can result in both pulmonary edema and edema of the abdomen, lower legs, and feet.

Other symptoms of heart failure to know

While edema may be the most obvious external heart failure symptom, there are some other common symptoms that you should know about. This is especially true if you’re a heart attack survivor or otherwise at high risk for heart failure.

Other heart failure symptoms include:

• shortness of breath, especially when lying down or during exertion
• fatigue
• rapid or fluttering heartbeat
• nagging cough that may produce pink or blood-tinged phlegm
• lack of appetite
• difficulty paying attention
• increased need to urinate at night
• sudden weight gain
• chest pain, tightness or pressure

If you notice any of these symptoms, see a doctor soon. Sudden swelling in one leg could be a blood clot and should be treated as a medical emergency. Likewise, the onset of shortness of breath should be evaluated immediately since it can be a sign of a heart attack or other emergency.

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Treating edema usually means treating the underlying cause of the swelling. In the case of heart failure, that could involve the use of medications like:

• diuretics to reduce fluid levels in the body
• medications like ACE inhibitors and ARBs or ARNI to help the blood vessels relax, so circulation is a little easier
• beta blockers and ivabradine to reduce the burden on the heart
• mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs)
• SGLT2 inhibitors

In very serious cases, implantable pumps or defibrillators are needed to help the heart muscle keep up with the body’s demand for blood. And in the most severe cases of heart failure, a heart transplant may be necessary.

Treating the edema itself may include:

• compression stockings to help increase the pressure in your lower legs, which may help push blood up to the heart
• exercise to get the leg muscles affected by edema working harder and pumping blood back to the heart
• elevating your legs or other swollen part of the body above the heart to help keep blood returning to the central circulation.

Edema is a common symptom of heart failure, but it can also be caused by other conditions.

With heart failure, fluid builds up because the body’s circulatory system isn’t operating as strongly as it normally would. This is due to a weakening or stiffening of the heart muscle.

If you notice swelling, but know of no underlying medical reason for it, see a doctor soon. Even if the cause isn’t heart failure, you’ll want to know why the swelling has developed and how it can be treated or prevented in the future.

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causes, symptoms and treatments

Contents

• 1 Swelling of the legs in heart failure: symptoms, causes and treatment
  • 1.1 Heart failure: an explanation of the concept
  • 1.2 How are heart failure and swelling of the legs related?
  • 1.3 Swelling of the legs in heart failure: causes, symptoms and treatment
    • 1.3.1 What factors can lead to swelling of the legs in heart failure?
  • 1. 4 What symptoms accompany swelling of the legs in heart failure?
  • 1.5 Diagnosis of leg swelling in heart failure
  • 1.6 Treatment of leg swelling in heart failure
  • 1.7 Medication for leg swelling in heart failure
  • 1.8 How can I change my lifestyle to reduce leg swelling in heart failure?
    • 1.8.1 Exercise and physical activity:
    • 1.8.2 Nutrition:
    • 1.8.3 Weight control:
    • 1.8.4 Stress avoidance:
    • 1.8.5 Take medication:
  • 1.9 Physical therapy for heart failure leg swelling
  • 1.10 Heart failure leg swelling diet 90 004
  • 1.10.1 Avoid excessive sodium intake
  • 1.10.2 Increase your protein intake
  • 1.10.3 Drink enough water
  • 1.10.4 Reduce your fluid intake
  • 1.10.5 Eat regularly
  • 1.10.6 Control your weight
• 1.11 Operations and procedures for the treatment of swelling of the legs in heart failure
• 1.12 Q&A:
  • • 1. 12.0.1 What symptoms may indicate swelling of the legs in heart failure?
    • 1.12.0.2 What medicines can help with leg swelling?
    • 1.12.0.3 What methods can be applied independently to reduce swelling of the legs?
    • 1.12.0.4 How can leg edema be diagnosed in heart failure?
    • 1.12.0.5 What are the causes of leg swelling in heart failure?
    • 1.12.0.6 How often should I seek medical attention for swelling of the legs due to heart failure?
• 1.13 Related video:

Edema of the legs in heart failure is a symptom that indicates a violation of blood circulation in the body. Find out the causes and treatments for leg swelling in people with heart failure on our website.

Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood around the body. One of the most common symptoms of heart failure is leg swelling. They occur due to impaired blood circulation and accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the legs.

Swelling of the legs may be the first sign of heart failure. They appear as swelling of the outer and inner parts of the legs. In addition, there may be swelling in the ankles, feet, and toes. This disease can occur in people of any age: from youth to the older age category.

If you do not pay timely attention to the appeared edema, the development of dangerous consequences is possible. Therefore, it is important to know the causes of edema and methods of their treatment, which will help prevent serious complications. In this article, you will learn what factors can cause leg swelling in heart failure, as well as how to properly diagnose and treat this condition.

Heart failure: an explanation of the concept

Heart failure (HF) is a pathological condition that develops as a result of a malfunction of the heart. In the human body, a certain blood supply to organs and tissues is necessary, and this is achieved through the work of the heart muscle.

The heart beats rhythmically and pumps blood through all the arteries and veins, constantly supplying the organs with oxygen and nutrients. However, in the presence of heart failure, the heart cannot cope with its function. Hence the name: “insufficiency” – it lies in the fact that the final results of blood circulation do not satisfy the needs of the vital elements of the body.

There are many causes of heart failure, such as valvular disorders, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, radiation therapy, and hereditary heart disease.

How are heart failure and leg swelling related?

Heart failure is a serious heart disorder that causes an uncontrolled accumulation of fluid in body tissues, including the legs. That is why swelling of the legs is one of the most characteristic symptoms of heart failure.

When the heart is not working properly, the blood cannot circulate efficiently through the body. This leads to fluid retention in the tissues, which accumulates primarily in the lower extremities and causes edema. The formation of edema in the legs is the result of a reduced efficiency of the pumping function of the heart, which leads to a congestive state.

In heart failure, swelling of the legs can be very painful and greatly reduce the patient’s quality of life. To reduce swelling, it is necessary to treat heart failure itself by improving heart function and drainage function. This can be achieved through the use of diet, medication, physical activity, and other methods.

The fight against leg edema associated with heart failure is an important part of complex therapy and is highly effective together with conventional methods of treating heart failure.

Swelling of the legs in heart failure: causes, symptoms and treatment

What factors can lead to swelling of the legs in heart failure?

Swelling in the legs can be one of the first signs of heart failure because the heart cannot supply enough blood to the body. Factors that can cause leg swelling include:

• Poor circulation to the heart: The heart cannot contract and pump blood effectively, resulting in fluid buildup in the tissues.
• Veins full of blood: in heart failure, blood can accumulate in the veins, resulting in swelling of the legs.
• Increased capillary pressure: in heart failure, the level of fluid in the blood vessels may be insufficient, which leads to increased pressure in the capillaries and edema.
• Problems with the lymphatic system: some cases of leg swelling may be due to problems with the lymphatic system, which removes excess fluid from the tissues.

If swelling of the legs occurs, you should consult a doctor to determine possible heart failure and treat accordingly.

What symptoms accompany swelling of the legs in heart failure?

Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump blood efficiently throughout the body. Swelling of the legs is one of the symptoms of heart failure, which manifests itself in the later stages of the disease.

The first sign of swelling of the legs is swelling of the lower extremities, which may be noticeable after waking up in the morning. In the future, increased fatigue, anxiety, shortness of breath and decreased physical activity will appear.

With prolonged heart failure, edema can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, stomach, face. In such cases, urgent medical attention is needed, as the patient’s condition may worsen to critical levels.

If you notice such symptoms, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor for a long time. Timely diagnosis and treatment of heart failure will avoid serious complications and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Diagnosis of leg swelling in heart failure

Leg swelling is often one of the first signs of heart failure. In order to establish that edema is associated specifically with heart failure and determine its degree, various diagnostic methods are used.

1. Physical Exam – The doctor examines the legs and looks for signs of swelling, such as swelling in the legs, sock marks on the skin, dry skin, and ulcers.
2. Ultrasound examination – allows you to assess the functional state of the heart, determine the presence and degree of impaired blood flow and blood volume in the legs. This method is prescribed by doctors only if necessary, after evaluating the results of previous studies.
3. Blood tests – can help doctors determine the cause of swelling, such as determining the level of electrolytes in the blood. If the level of sodium in the blood is low, this may indicate the presence of heart failure.

Depending on the results of the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe additional tests to clarify the diagnosis and decide on treatment. Treatment of leg edema in heart failure should be carried out by a doctor and will depend on the severity of the disease and the presence of other concomitant diseases.

Treatments for swelling of the legs in heart failure

Swelling of the legs can be a sign of heart failure. The treatment of edema is aimed at improving the function of the heart and reducing the load on it. To start treatment, you need to contact a cardiologist to determine the exact cause of edema.

• Medicines that improve heart function. They help to improve the contractility of the heart, reduce the load and reduce swelling. They must be prescribed by a doctor.
• Treatment of concomitant diseases. If there are comorbidities such as hypertension or diabetes, these should also be treated.
• Restriction of fluid and salt intake. Limiting fluid and salt intake can help reduce the workload on the heart and reduce swelling.
• Compression therapy. Performing compression therapy with elastic bandages or socks may help reduce leg swelling.
• Diuretics. Diuretics may help remove fluid from the body and reduce swelling.

Treatment of leg edema in heart failure is a process that requires an individual approach and regular monitoring by a doctor. Following the doctor’s recommendations will help reduce the risk of complications and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Drug treatment for leg swelling due to heart failure

Various drugs are used to treat leg swelling due to heart failure. In most cases, drug therapy is given in combination with other therapies such as diet, exercise, and compression therapy.

Drugs used to treat swelling in the legs help to reduce the load on the heart muscle and improve blood circulation in the vessels. These include:

• Diuretics. These are drugs that increase the excretion of fluid from the body by increasing the volume of urine. Among them are furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide.
• Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE inhibitors. They help lower blood pressure, reduce stress on the heart and blood vessels, and improve blood circulation in the legs. These include captopril, enalapril and others.
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers. These drugs help lower blood pressure, reduce the workload on the heart, and improve blood circulation in the legs. These include losartan, candesartan, and others.

The doctor prescribes the dosage and duration of taking medications based on the general condition of the patient and the diseases present in him.

How can I make lifestyle changes to reduce leg swelling in heart failure?

Exercise and physical activity:

Regular exercise is one way to reduce leg swelling. Simple exercises such as walking, swimming or cycling improve blood circulation, which leads to a reduction in swelling.

Nutrition:

Excessive fluid and salt intake should be avoided as this can aggravate leg swelling. It is recommended to increase the intake of protein and vitamins, as well as reduce the intake of fats and carbohydrates.

Weight control:

Being overweight can impair heart function and increase leg swelling. Therefore, weight control can help reduce swelling and improve heart health.

Stress avoidance:

Stress can worsen the condition of the heart, increase blood pressure and increase swelling in the legs. Avoid stressful situations and practice relaxing exercises like yoga or meditation.

Take your medicine:

If you have heart failure, take your medicine as prescribed by your doctor. It is also possible to use diuretics, which help remove excess fluid from the body, thereby reducing leg swelling.

Physical Therapy for Leg Swelling in Heart Failure

Leg Swelling in Heart Failure can be effectively treated through physical therapy. It includes various exercises to strengthen the lower body and increase blood circulation.

The standard method of physical therapy is compression therapy, which involves wearing special graduated compression stockings. Stockings create pressure that helps blood and lymph flow better and reduces swelling.

Physical exercises are also widely used to strengthen the muscles and increase blood circulation in the legs. It can be both moderate walking and special exercises designed for specific muscle groups.

An individual approach is very important in physical therapy in the treatment of leg edema in heart failure. It is best to work with a professional physical therapist who can develop the best exercise plan and monitor your progress.

• Compression therapy
• Moderate walking
• Exercises to strengthen the muscles and increase blood circulation in the legs

Diet for swollen legs in heart failure

Avoid excessive sodium intake

Sodium, or salt, can retain fluid in the body, which can lead to swelling. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of salt in the diet. Avoid ready meals, marinades, cold cuts and cheese.

Increase your protein intake

Protein helps keep the body hydrated and prevents fluid retention in the tissues. Include protein foods such as fish, chicken, seafood, eggs, and legumes in your diet.

Drink plenty of water

Controversial, but you need to drink plenty of water to reduce the risk of edema. Insufficient water intake can lead to fluid retention in the body. Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day.

Reduce your fluid intake

If you have heart failure, it may be helpful to reduce your fluid intake. Do not reduce water, but stop drinking sugary drinks, strong tea, coffee and alcohol.

Eat regularly

Diet is of great importance in heart failure. Eat regularly and eat less but more often. Avoid overeating, which can lead to swelling.

Watch your weight

Watch your weight. Avoid rapid weight loss or gain, which can lead to edema and aggravation. Eggs0008

• Salted products
• Cheese

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• Ready meals
• Strong tea and coffee
• Alcoholic drinks

Operations and procedures in the treatment of swelling of the legs in heart failure

Swelling of the legs often occurs in heart failure, when the heart is not able to pump blood efficiently. Most cases of leg swelling can be treated conservatively, but some cases may require surgery.

One possible procedure is sclerotherapy, which involves injecting salt or a special drug into the affected vein to narrow its walls. It helps reduce swelling and improve blood circulation.

Endovenous laser treatment may also be an effective procedure in the treatment of leg edema due to heart failure. This method involves using laser light to close off the affected veins, resulting in less swelling and more efficient blood circulation.

If conservative methods fail, surgery may be required. One of the commonly used methods is to normalize blood flow in the legs. This includes creating new channels for blood flow in the legs.

Some types of edema may require the use of a stent. A stent is a metal or plastic mesh that is inserted into an affected vein to keep it from expanding and losing its shape.

• Output: In the treatment of leg edema in heart failure, both conservative methods and surgical interventions can be used, including sclerotherapy, endovenous laser photocoagulation, normalization of blood flow in the legs and stenting.

Q&A:

What symptoms may indicate swelling of the legs in heart failure?

Swelling of the legs may be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness and tension in the legs, pain when walking, inability to put on ordinary shoes, swelling of the ankles and feet. It is also possible for swelling to appear on other parts of the body, for example, on the ankles, abdomen, lungs.

What medicines can help with leg swelling?

Diuretics can be used to treat swelling in the legs due to heart failure, which increases the excretion of excess water from the body, reducing swelling. Drugs that reduce the workload on the heart and increase its efficiency, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, may also be used.

What methods can be applied independently to reduce swelling of the legs?

To reduce swelling of the legs, it is recommended to monitor the diet, limiting the intake of salt and liquid, control your weight, avoid prolonged stay in one position, sit or lie with your legs up, if this is not contraindicated, use compression stockings or stockings.

How can leg edema be diagnosed in heart failure?

For the diagnosis of leg edema in heart failure, research methods such as electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac ultrasound (ultrasound), chest x-ray, vascular dopplerography, cardiac catheterization are carried out. It is also necessary to conduct tests to determine the level of salt and fluid in the blood.

What are the causes of leg swelling in heart failure?

Heart problems can lead to poor circulation, which in turn causes swelling in the legs. Experiencing weakness of the heart, it cannot effectively pump blood from the lower extremities, while fluid begins to accumulate in the tissues. In addition, edema can be caused by impaired kidney function, hormonal disruptions, and taking certain medications.

How often should I seek medical attention for swelling of the legs due to heart failure?

At the first sign of swelling of the legs due to heart failure, you should consult a doctor for a profile examination and consultation. Further, the frequency of visits will be determined by a specialist individually, depending on the symptoms of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.

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Chronic heart failure | Publications of the clinic “Family Doctor”

Chronic heart failure is a fairly serious and even dangerous condition. Heart failure is always the result of some disease. Most often, heart failure is the result of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension, heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and diabetes mellitus.

As a result of damage, the heart muscle, as a rule, weakens and cannot satisfactorily perform its pumping function, as a result of which the supply of organs and tissues of the body with oxygen and nutrients is disrupted.

Heart failure can be different. Distinguish between systolic and diastolic heart failure.

Systolic heart failure develops when the heart muscle does not have enough strength to efficiently push enough blood out of the heart and into the rest of the body.

Diastolic heart failure develops when, after pushing blood out of the heart, the heart muscle cannot fully relax and the ventricles do not fill with enough blood to provide an adequate blood supply to the body.

Symptoms and diagnostic methods

Heart failure is manifested by the following symptoms: shortness of breath at rest and during exercise, fatigue, weakness, swelling of the legs, palpitations.

In order to establish the presence and severity of heart failure, the doctor uses various diagnostic methods:

• electrocardiography;
• chest x-ray;
• echocardiography;
• 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring;
• stress echocardiography;
• Magnetic resonance imaging;
• multislice computed tomography of the heart vessels;
• radioisotope scintigraphy;
• laboratory research methods (general blood test, biochemical blood test, determination of brain natriuretic peptide – BNP).

The sooner you detect signs (symptoms) of heart failure and see a doctor, the sooner you will receive the necessary treatment.

Prevention and treatment

Various drugs are used to treat heart failure, the main ones are:

1. ACE inhibitors in patients with heart failure improve the functioning of the heart as a result of the expansion of blood vessels both bringing blood to the heart and carrying blood from the heart: in addition, they remove excess fluid and sodium from the body, restore the structure of the cardiovascular system.

2. Beta-blockers: the use of this group of drugs not only reduces the symptoms of heart failure, but also prolongs the life of patients.

3. Aldosterone receptor antagonists: high levels of aldosterone (a hormone produced in the body) leads to the progression of heart failure, increases scarring in the area of ​​damaged myocardium (after myocardial infarction). Therefore, taking drugs of this group is necessary to improve the prognosis.

4. Diuretics (diuretics): prevent fluid retention in the body, increase the excretion of salt and water, which leads to a decrease in shortness of breath and swelling.

5. Cardiac glycosides (digoxin): Decreases heart rate and stimulates the pumping function of the heart. The use of the drug is currently very limited, only in the presence of arrhythmia and in consultation with the doctor.

6. Vasodilators: used as an additional remedy, they relieve heart pain by dilating blood vessels, significantly reduce the load and facilitate the work of the heart.

Also used in the treatment of heart failure antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, statins.

For prevention and treatment, your role in helping your body is essential:

1. It is necessary to normalize body weight, this will lead to a decrease in the load on the heart.

2. Diet plays a significant role in the healing process. Fatty, starchy and sweet foods should be avoided.