What is a barium swallow test. How to prepare for a barium swallow test. What happens during a barium swallow test. How long does a barium swallow test take. What to expect after a barium swallow test. Are there any risks associated with a barium swallow test. How to interpret the results of a barium swallow test.

Understanding the Barium Swallow Test

A barium swallow test, also known as a barium swallow and meal procedure, is a diagnostic imaging technique used to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract. This test provides valuable insights into the structure and function of the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine.

During the procedure, patients swallow a barium-containing liquid that appears white on X-rays, allowing radiologists to visualize the internal structures of the digestive system. This test is particularly useful in diagnosing conditions such as esophageal cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and other gastrointestinal disorders.

Key Components of a Barium Swallow Test

• Barium liquid ingestion
• X-ray imaging
• Specialized medical personnel
• Various patient positions

Preparing for Your Barium Swallow Test

Proper preparation is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of a barium swallow test. Patients are typically required to fast for 4 to 6 hours before the procedure. In some cases, water consumption may be allowed up to 2 hours prior to the test.

Can patients with diabetes follow the fasting requirements? For individuals with diabetes or other medical conditions that may be affected by fasting, it’s essential to consult with the healthcare provider beforehand to determine the most appropriate preparation method.

Pre-Test Considerations

1. Inform your doctor about any medications you’re taking
2. Disclose any allergies, especially to contrast materials
3. Notify the medical team if you’re pregnant or suspect pregnancy
4. Wear comfortable clothing that’s easy to remove

The Barium Swallow Test Procedure

The barium swallow test is typically conducted in the radiology department of a hospital or imaging center. The procedure usually takes about 20 minutes to complete, although the entire visit may last longer due to preparation and post-test care.

How is the barium swallow test performed? The test begins with the patient changing into a hospital gown and removing any metal objects or jewelry. A radiologist, assisted by a radiographer, then guides the patient through the following steps:

1. Standing in front of an X-ray machine
2. Drinking the barium liquid (sometimes flavored)
3. Assuming various positions as directed
4. Holding breath briefly during X-ray captures
5. Possibly consuming additional items (e.g., marshmallows or biscuits)

Variations in Barium Swallow Test Techniques

While the basic procedure remains consistent, there are some variations in the barium swallow test that may be employed depending on the specific diagnostic goals and the patient’s condition.

Barium Meal

In some cases, patients may be asked to swallow granules that produce gas in the stomach. This technique, known as a barium meal, helps expand the stomach and provides clearer X-ray images of the organ’s lining.

Are there any contraindications for the barium meal technique? Patients with certain heart conditions or glaucoma may not be suitable candidates for this variation, as it often involves an injection to relax stomach muscles.

Modified Barium Swallow

A modified barium swallow test focuses specifically on the swallowing process and is often used to assess swallowing disorders. This variation may involve swallowing different consistencies of barium-laced substances and is typically performed in conjunction with a speech-language pathologist.

Post-Test Care and Considerations

After completing the barium swallow test, patients can usually resume their normal activities immediately. However, there are some important post-test considerations to keep in mind:

• Increased water intake to prevent constipation
• Temporary changes in stool color and consistency
• Possible need for a high-fiber diet
• Monitoring for any unusual symptoms

How long does it take for barium to pass through the digestive system? While individual experiences may vary, most people will pass the barium within a few days. If constipation persists, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

Interpreting Barium Swallow Test Results

The results of a barium swallow test are typically available within 1 to 2 weeks. The radiologist analyzes the X-ray images and prepares a report for the referring physician, who then discusses the findings with the patient.

What can barium swallow test results reveal? The test can help identify various abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including:

• Structural irregularities in the esophagus or stomach
• Presence of tumors or ulcers
• Signs of inflammation or infection
• Swallowing difficulties or reflux issues

It’s important to note that while a barium swallow test can provide valuable diagnostic information, additional tests or procedures may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis in some cases.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Although the barium swallow test is generally considered safe, like any medical procedure, it does carry some potential risks and side effects. These are typically minor and temporary but should be discussed with the healthcare provider before undergoing the test.

Common Side Effects

• Temporary constipation
• Nausea or abdominal discomfort
• White or pale stools for a few days

Rare Complications

In rare instances, more serious complications may occur. These can include:

• Allergic reactions to the barium or flavoring agents
• Aspiration of barium into the lungs
• Bowel obstruction (in cases of severe constipation)

How can the risk of complications be minimized? Healthcare providers take several precautions to reduce the likelihood of complications, including screening for allergies, providing clear instructions for preparation and aftercare, and monitoring patients during the procedure.

Advances in Barium Swallow Test Technology

As medical imaging technology continues to evolve, so too does the barium swallow test. Recent advancements have led to improved image quality, reduced radiation exposure, and enhanced diagnostic capabilities.

Digital Radiography

The transition from traditional film-based X-rays to digital radiography has revolutionized the barium swallow test. Digital systems offer several advantages:

• Higher image resolution
• Faster image acquisition and processing
• Lower radiation doses
• Easier storage and sharing of images

3D Imaging Techniques

Some facilities now offer 3D imaging capabilities for barium swallow tests. This advanced technique provides a more comprehensive view of the upper gastrointestinal tract, allowing for better detection of subtle abnormalities.

How does 3D imaging enhance the diagnostic value of barium swallow tests? By providing a three-dimensional representation of the anatomical structures, 3D imaging can help radiologists identify and characterize lesions or abnormalities that might be difficult to detect with traditional 2D imaging.

Alternatives to the Barium Swallow Test

While the barium swallow test remains a valuable diagnostic tool, there are alternative procedures that may be recommended in certain situations or used in conjunction with barium studies to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Endoscopy

An upper endoscopy, also known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the esophagus and stomach. This procedure allows for direct visualization of the digestive tract lining and the ability to take biopsies if necessary.

CT Scan

Computed tomography (CT) scans use X-rays and computer processing to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. CT scans can provide information about the structure of the digestive organs and surrounding tissues.

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of soft tissues. While less commonly used for upper gastrointestinal evaluation, MRI may be recommended in specific cases.

When might alternative procedures be preferred over a barium swallow test? The choice of diagnostic procedure depends on various factors, including the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and the suspected underlying condition. In some cases, a combination of tests may be necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis.

Patient Experience and Comfort During the Test

While the barium swallow test is generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience anxiety or discomfort during the procedure. Healthcare providers strive to ensure patient comfort and address any concerns throughout the test.

Strategies for Improving Patient Comfort

• Clear communication about the procedure
• Offering flavored barium options when available
• Providing breaks if needed during the test
• Ensuring proper positioning to minimize discomfort

Can patients bring a support person to the test? While most facilities allow a companion to accompany the patient to the hospital, they typically cannot enter the X-ray room during the actual procedure due to radiation exposure concerns.

The Role of Barium Swallow Tests in Cancer Screening

Barium swallow tests play a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of esophageal and stomach cancers. While not typically used as a routine screening tool for the general population, these tests are often recommended for individuals with risk factors or symptoms suggestive of upper gastrointestinal malignancies.

Risk Factors for Esophageal and Stomach Cancers

• Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Barrett’s esophagus
• Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption
• Obesity
• Family history of gastrointestinal cancers

How effective are barium swallow tests in detecting early-stage cancers? While barium swallow tests can detect many abnormalities, including tumors, they may not always identify very small or early-stage cancers. For this reason, they are often used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools, such as endoscopy, for comprehensive evaluation.

Pediatric Considerations for Barium Swallow Tests

Barium swallow tests can be performed on children, including infants, when necessary. However, the procedure may require some modifications to ensure the comfort and cooperation of young patients.

Adapting the Procedure for Children

• Using child-friendly equipment and surroundings
• Employing distraction techniques
• Adjusting barium consistency for easier swallowing
• Involving parents or guardians in the preparation process

Are there any special considerations for performing barium swallow tests on infants? For very young children or infants, the barium may be administered through a bottle or sippy cup. In some cases, a nasogastric tube might be used to deliver the barium directly into the stomach.

The Future of Gastrointestinal Imaging

As medical technology continues to advance, the field of gastrointestinal imaging is evolving rapidly. While barium swallow tests remain a valuable diagnostic tool, emerging technologies promise to enhance our ability to detect and characterize digestive tract disorders.

Emerging Technologies in Gastrointestinal Imaging

• Capsule endoscopy
• Artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis
• Molecular imaging techniques
• Advanced contrast agents

How might these emerging technologies impact the use of barium swallow tests in the future? While it’s unlikely that barium swallow tests will be completely replaced, new technologies may complement traditional methods, leading to more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans for patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

As we look to the future of gastrointestinal imaging, it’s clear that the field will continue to evolve, offering new possibilities for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and improved patient care. The barium swallow test, with its long history and proven effectiveness, will likely remain an important tool in the diagnostic arsenal, adapting and integrating with new technologies to provide comprehensive insights into digestive health.

Barium swallow and meal | Health Information

Barium swallow and meal procedure

The test usually takes about 20 minutes. You can take someone to the hospital with you, but they won’t usually be able to come into the X-ray room. A member of staff will explain what’s going to happen.

A radiologist will carry out your procedure. This is a doctor who specialises in using X-rays and scans to diagnose medical conditions. A radiographer will help. This is a health professional trained to take X-rays and scans.

Preparing for the test

First, you undress in a private cubicle, remove any metal or jewellery and put on a hospital gown. Your radiographer will take you to the X-ray room. They’ll ask you to stand in front of an upright X-ray table, in front of an X-ray camera and make sure you’re in the correct position.

Your radiologist will ask you to drink a white liquid that contains barium. The liquid is a bit like a chalky milkshake. They may offer you a choice of flavours, such as chocolate and strawberry, but this isn’t always available. Barium isn’t all that pleasant to drink, but most people manage without any problems.

If you’re having a barium meal, your radiologist may ask you to swallow some granules. These dissolve in your stomach and fizz up to produce gas. This expands your stomach, which helps make the X-ray pictures clearer. You may feel the need to burp, but it’s important to hold the air in if you can.

Your radiologist may also give you an injection to relax the muscles of your stomach and stop it moving. Tell the doctor if you have heart problems or an eye disease called glaucoma. It’s important that they know, as having one or both of these conditions means you can’t have the injection.

During the test

During the test your radiologist will take several X-ray images, or a moving series of images, with you in different positions. The X-ray table may slowly tilt until you’re lying down for some of the images. Your radiologist may ask you to hold your breath for a few seconds at times. And they may ask you to swallow more barium. They may also ask you to eat some marshmallow or biscuit to see how it goes down as you swallow.

Throughout your procedure your radiographer and radiologist will explain what’s happening, and what they need you to do. If you have any questions or concerns, it’s OK to ask.

Barium swallow test | Oeosphageal cancer

Find out what a barium swallow is, how you have it and what happens after it.

A barium swallow is a test that shows the inside of your food pipe (oesophagus). Doctors can use it to help diagnose oesophageal cancer.

You drink white barium liquid, which shows up on x-rays. Your doctor (radiologist) or radiographer then takes x-rays while you swallow the liquid. This test can show any growths or abnormal looking areas.

What happens

You have a barium swallow as an outpatient in the radiology (x-ray) department. It takes 10 to 15 minutes.

A radiographer or an assistant takes you to a cubicle to change out of your clothes and put on a gown.

Once you’re in the x-ray room, you stand in front of the x-ray camera. You drink some white barium liquid. This is sometimes fruit flavoured but can taste chalky.  

Your radiologist or radiographer takes a series of x-rays as the barium passes down your throat and into your stomach. They might take some x-rays with you lying down.

Preparing for your barium swallow

You can’t eat for 4 to 6 hours before the test. You might be able to drink water up to 2 hours before. The hospital gives you written instructions about this beforehand.

Talk to your doctor if not eating could be a problem for you, for example if you have diabetes.

Contact your hospital before your appointment if you are pregnant or think you might be.

After the barium swallow

Once the test is over you can get dressed and go home. You can eat and drink normally.

You pass the barium out of your body in your poo. So it will look pale or white for a few days.

Barium can cause constipation. To try to prevent this, you should drink plenty of water and eat more fibre for a few days after the test. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist if you haven’t been to the toilet for a few days.

Getting your results

You should get the results in 1 or 2 weeks. The doctor who arranged the barium swallow gives them to you.

Waiting for results can make you anxious. You can ask your doctor or nurse how long it takes to get the results. Contact the doctor who arranged the test if you haven’t heard anything after a couple of weeks.

Possible risks

Barium swallow is a safe test. But there are possible risks. Your doctor makes sure the benefits of having the test outweigh the possible risks.

A small amount of barium liquid can go into the airway when you drink it. Physiotherapy can help you to cough it up but most people don’t need it. Tell your doctor or radiographer before the test if you have problems swallowing.

Exposure to radiation from x-rays can slightly increase your risk of developing cancer in the future. The amount of radiation in medical tests is low. Talk to the doctor or radiographer if you’re worried about this.

If cancer is found

If cancer is found, you’ll go on to have more tests.

GI-GU | Michigan Medicine

Note: The following preps are for outpatient care only.

For questions about any of these preps, please contact the Radiology Reception Desk, at (734) 936-4500 for more information.

Barium Enema

This is an examination of your large intestine.  The examination involves placing the tip of an enema tube into your rectum. The tip has a balloon on it, which will help you hold the material. A barium mixture will then flow into the rectum, filling the entire large bowel. In most cases, air will be used to push the barium along and to distend the bowel. A series of x-ray images will be taken. To get a high quality examination, your bowel must be completely cleaned out. Follow GI/GU Prep E very closely.

Defecography

No patient preparation is required for defecography prior to arriving at UMHS for the examination.

Enteroclysis

This is a specialized examination is of the small intestine, and involves the placement of a small tube through your nose (or mouth) and into the first part of your small intestine. Twp different liquids are injected through the tube directly into your intestine. While the material is being injected into your intestine, x-ray images will be taken of your bowel. Follow GI/GU Prep C.

Esophagram or Barium Swallow

This is an examination which evaluates your esophagus. The esophagus is the muscular tube which connects your mouth to your stomach.  The study will involve drinking a barium mixture which can be see with x-rays.  You may be given some crystals to swallow, which produce gas in your stomach and esophagus. A series of x-ray images will be taken. Follow GI/GU Prep A.

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

This is an exam of your urinary system, including your kidneys, and their function. You will be given a contrast agent (“dye”) into a vein. This will be followed by a series of x-ray images. Even though the examination is of your urinary system it is important that your large bowel be free of stool. Follow GI/GU Prep C.

Small Bowel Follow Through

This is an examination of the entire small intestine. The time required for this exam varies greatly from one patient to another, and depends on how actively your intestinal tract is functioning.  It may be prolonged if there should be some obstruction. You will be given several 7-ounce glasses of barium to drink. The actual number depends on how long it takes for the exam to be completed. X-ray images are taken at varying intervals, from 15 minutes to an hour or more, again depending on the activity of the bowel. The entire examination may take as little as an hour but may well last more than four or five hours. Follow GI/GU Prep C very carefully.

Swallowing Study

This examination looks at the throat and evaluates your ability to safely swallow different thicknesses of foods. It is often done with a Speech Therapist. If your physician desires one of these therapists to be involved, he or she will contact Speech Therapy to schedule the procedure. The x-ray evaluation of your swallowing is recorded on videotape. Follow GI/GU Prep A.

Upper GI

This examination looks at your esophagus, stomach, and the first portion of your small bowel. You will be given a barium solution to drink. You may be given some powder, which produces gas in your stomach. Several x-ray images will be taken during the examination. Follow GI/GU Prep B.

Reviewed and Approved:
Joel Platt, MD
Cindy Patierno
11/2011

Upper GI Series Preparation, Safety Tips & Side Effects

An Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) is an x-ray examination of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and first part of the small intestine (also known as the duodenum) that uses a special form of x-ray called fluoroscopy and a contrast material called barium.

Patient Safety Tips Prior to a Diagnostic Exam in Radiology

• Please let us know if you have any allergies or adverse reactions to medications.
• If you are pregnant or may be pregnant, please tell your doctor or technologist.
• Please leave your valuables at home or in your room in the hospital.
• Please let us now if you need interpreting services, this can be arranged for you.

For Pediatric Patients Only

• If your child is 0 to 6 months, he/she should not eat or drink two hours before the test.
• If your child is 6 months to 2 years, he/she should not eat or drink three hours before the test.
• If your child is 2 to 4 years, he/she should not eat or drink four hours before the test.
• If your child is 4 years or older, he/she should not eat or drink six hours before the test

Preparation for the Exam

• On the day preceding the exam, do not eat any solid foods.
• Remove all metallic items from area to be examined.
• Please arrive 15 minutes before the scheduled exam time.

During the Exam

• The technologist will verify your identification and exam requested.
• You will have the opportunity to ask the technologists questions.
• There will be an opportunity for you to talk with the radiologist about the plan for the procedure and give your consent.
• You may be asked to drink a carbonated drink, made of baking-soda crystals to expand your stomach.
• You will be asked to drink a thick, chalky barium contrast agent.
• The duration of the exam will vary, but the average is about 30 minutes.
• The technologist will position you on the exam table, and give you instructions.

After the Exam

• The barium will make your stools white for a few days.
• If you are going home, you may resume normal activities.
• Drink plenty of fluids in the days following the exam.
• If you experience constipation after the exam, tell your doctor

Barium Swallow | Mon Health Medical Center

Planning ahead:

• Do not eat, drink, or smoke anything at all for at least six hours before the exam. You may take any regular medications with a sip of water.
• Wear comfortable clothes with no underwire bras, no necklaces, and no metallic buttons. If you wear metal, you will have to change into a hospital gown.
• Arrive at the hospital 30 minutes before your X-ray is scheduled. Ask the scheduler what time that is.

Bring with you to the hospital:

• Complete list of medications you are currently taking – name and dosage of each medication, and when you take it. 
• Written physician’s order for the exam.

On the day of your test:

• Come in through the main entrance of Mon Health Medical Center and go to the Radiology Services registration desk, down the hallway to the right.
• Plan to be at the hospital for approximately one hour.

What to expect:

• Your X-ray technologist will ask you questions about your medical history and then take a “scout” image before you drink the solution.
• You will then be asked to drink some crystals mixed with water to form gas in your stomach, and you will be told not to belch.
• While standing on a table in the upright position, you will then be asked to drink barium while the X-rays are taken.
• You may hear the technologist and radiologist talking throughout the procedure; this is to communicate which positions the technologist needs to place the patient in for proper imaging.
• Once upright imaging has been completed, the radiologist or technologist will put you into a horizontal position and roll you in various directions to coat the stomach with the barium. Several more x-rays will be taken.
• You may be asked to hold your breath during the procedure, and you may need to drink a little more barium.

After your exam:

You may become constipated from the barium. Drink plenty of fluids to try to avoid this. If constipation persists, even after increasing fluids, contact your doctor who ordered the test.

For more information, call the Mon Health Radiology Services Department at (304) 598-1280.

Upper GI Series | NIDDK

On this page:

What is an upper gastrointestinal (GI) series?

An upper GI series is a procedure in which a doctor uses x-rays, fluoroscopy, and a chalky liquid called barium to view your upper GI tract. The barium will make your upper GI tract more visible on an x-ray.

The two types of upper GI series are

• a standard barium upper GI series, which uses only barium
• a double-contrast upper GI series, which uses both air and barium for a clearer view of your stomach lining

Why do doctors use upper GI series?

An upper GI series can help a doctor find the cause of

An upper GI series can also show

How do I prepare for an upper GI series?

To prepare for an upper GI series, don’t eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum. You also will need to talk with your doctor.

Don’t eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum

In order to see your upper GI tract clearly, your doctor will most likely ask you not to eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum during the 8 hours before the upper GI series.

Talk with your doctor

You should talk with your doctor about any medical conditions you have and all prescribed and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and supplements you take.

Talk with your doctor about any medical conditions you have and all prescribed and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and supplements you take.

Doctors don’t recommend x-rays for pregnant women because x-rays may harm the fetus. Tell your doctor if you are, or may be, pregnant. Your doctor may suggest a different procedure.

A doctor may recommend an upper GI series for your child when the benefits of the procedure outweigh the relatively small risk of x-rays. Talk with your child’s doctor about safety measures used to lower your child’s exposure to x-rays during the procedure.

How do doctors perform an upper GI series?

An x-ray technician and a radiologist perform an upper GI series at a hospital or an outpatient center. You do not need anesthesia. The procedure usually takes about 2 hours. The procedure can take up to 5 hours if the barium moves slowly through your small intestine.

For the procedure, you’ll be asked to stand or sit in front of an x-ray machine and drink barium, which coats the lining of your upper GI tract. You will then lie on the x-ray table, and the radiologist will watch the barium move through your GI tract on the x-ray and fluoroscopy. The technician may press on your abdomen or ask you to change position several times to evenly coat your upper GI tract with the barium.

If you are having a double-contrast study, you will swallow gas-forming crystals that mix with the barium coating your stomach. Gas forms when the crystals and barium mix. The gas expands your stomach, which lets the radiologist see more details of your upper GI tract lining. The technician will then take additional x-rays.

What should I expect after an upper GI series?

After an upper GI series, you can expect the following:

• You may have cramping in your abdomen and bloating during the first hour after the procedure.
• You may resume most normal activities after leaving the hospital or outpatient center.
• For several days, your stools may be white or light colored from the barium in your GI tract.
• A health care professional will give you instructions on how to care for yourself after the procedure. The instructions will explain how to flush the remaining barium from your GI tract. You should follow all instructions.

A specialist will read the x-rays and send a report of the findings to your doctor.

What are the risks of an upper GI series?

The risks of an upper GI series include

Seek care right away

If you have any of the following symptoms after an upper GI series, seek medical attention right away:

• fever
• no bowel movement within 2 days after the procedure
• inability to pass gas
• severe pain in your abdomen

Barium Tests (Swallow, Meal, Follow Through)

Why is barium used during some X-ray tests?

The gut (gastrointestinal tract) does not show up very well on ordinary X-ray pictures. However, if you drink a white liquid that contains a chemical called barium sulfate, the outline of the upper parts of the gut (oesophagus, stomach and small intestines) shows up clearly on X-ray pictures. This is because X-rays do not pass through barium.

Types of barium test

Diagram naming the parts of the gut

Depending on what part of your gut is being looked at, you may have one or more of the tests listed below. In each test, the barium coats the lining of the gut being tested. Therefore, abnormalities in the lining or structure of the gut can be seen on the X-ray pictures.

In each of the following tests, several X-ray pictures are taken using low-dose X-rays. The total amount of radiation for each test is quite small and thought to be safe. The X-ray machine is usually linked to a TV monitor. Still pictures, or a video recording of X-ray pictures taken in quick succession, can be taken if necessary.

Barium swallow

In this test you drink some barium liquid. The barium liquid is often fruit-flavoured so it is pleasant to drink. You stand in front of an X-ray machine whilst X-ray pictures are taken as you swallow. This test aims to look for problems in the gullet. These include a narrowing (stricture), hiatus hernias, tumours, reflux from the stomach, disorders of swallowing, etc. You will usually be asked not to eat or drink for a few hours before this test. A barium swallow test takes about 10 minutes.

Barium swallow X-ray

By Netha Hussain (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons

Barium meal

This is similar to a barium swallow. However, it aims to look for problems in the stomach and the first part of the gut (small intestine), known as the duodenum. These problems may include ulcers, small fleshy lumps (polyps), tumours, etc.

You drink some barium liquid but you then lie on a couch whilst X-ray pictures are taken over your tummy. It may take a little longer to do than a barium swallow.

So that the barium coats all around the lining of the stomach, the doctor doing the test (radiologist) may do one or more of the following:

• Ask you to swallow some bicarbonate powder and citric acid before swallowing the barium. These ‘fizz up’ when they mix in the stomach and make some gas. (You may have the urge to burp.) The gas expands the stomach and duodenum and also pushes the barium to coat the lining of the stomach and duodenum. This makes the X-ray pictures clearer. It is the shape and contours of the lining of the stomach and duodenum which need to be seen most clearly on the pictures.
• Ask you to turn over on to your stomach on the couch. Various X-ray pictures may be taken whilst you are in different positions.
• You may be given an injection of a drug that makes the muscles in the stomach and gut relax.

You will usually be asked not to eat anything for several hours before this test. (Food particles in the gut can make it difficult to interpret the X-rays.) However, you may be allowed sips of water up to two hours before the test.

Barium meal stomach X-ray

By Lucien Monfils (Own work) via Wikimedia Commons 

Barium follow through

This test is similar to a barium meal but aims to look for problems in the small intestine. Therefore, you drink the barium liquid but then need to wait 10-15 minutes before any X-rays are taken. This allows time for the barium to reach the small intestine. You may then have an X-ray every 30 minutes or so until the barium is seen to have gone through all the small intestine and reached the large intestine (colon). This test will last longer than the previous ones. The overall time taken will depend on how quickly your gut moves things along.

Barium follow through showing small bowel

By Glitzy queen00 at English Wikipedia, via Wikimedia Commons

Small intestine enema

This test is similar to a barium follow through. However, instead of drinking the barium liquid, a thin tube is passed down your gullet, through the stomach and into the first part of the small intestine. Barium liquid is then poured down the tube. This test is not commonly done but can give some different information about the small intestine to the tests above.

Barium enema

This is a test to take X-ray pictures of the colon. See the separate leaflet called Barium Enema for more details.

What preparation do I need to do?

This will depend on which of the tests listed above you need to have. Your local hospital will give you advice on what to do before the procedure.

After you have had a barium X-ray test

You should be able to go home as soon as the test is finished.

You can eat normally straight after any barium test.

The barium does not get absorbed into the body. Therefore, it is rare for a barium test to cause any other complications or side-effects.

Are there any side-effects of a barium x-ray?

Some people feel a little sickly for a few hours afterwards.

The barium may make you constipated. Therefore, to help prevent constipation:

• Have lots to drink for a day or so to flush the barium out of your gut.
• Eat plenty of fruit for a day or so.
• See your doctor if you haven’t passed any poo after three or four days.

The barium will make your poo white or pale until it has all come out of your gut (after a day or so).

If you had an injection to relax the muscles in your stomach, it may cause some blurring of your vision for an hour or so. If this happens it is best not to drive.

Some other points about barium X-ray tests

Tell your doctor if you have insulin-dependent diabetes, so that you can arrange for the best time for you to stop eating and for the test to be done.

Pregnant women, if possible, should not have an X-ray test, as there is a small risk that X-rays may harm the unborn child. This is why women are asked before having an X-ray whether they are, or might be, pregnant.

90,000 How to properly prepare for a barium x-ray of the esophagus?

What is barium for?

X-ray examination of the esophagus with a contrast agent is an indicative and highly informative method for visualizing the state of the organ walls. This method of examination makes it possible with a high probability to identify pathologies in various parts of the esophagus, to assess the stage and intensity of the disease and to identify its localization.

On an empty stomach, the esophagus is a tube with collapsed walls and is poorly visualized on a roentgenogram.The data obtained with the natural contrast of the esophagus do not allow to reliably assess the state of its walls and identify diseases of various localization.

If there is air in the esophagus, only its contours appear indistinctly in the image. This is also not enough to make a correct diagnosis in many cases.

The most indicative X-ray method is an X-ray of the esophagus with contrast – a suspension of barium. This substance provides a delay in X-ray radiation and appears as a shadow on the X-ray.What does an x-ray of the esophagus with barium show? This image is more revealing and provides more information content than a conventional X-ray examination.

Barium follows the walls of the esophagus and creates the most indicative picture of the state of the esophagus, therefore, if many diseases are suspected, specialists prefer this particular diagnostic method.

It should be noted that the patient’s intake of a thick suspension of barium sulfate makes possible a leisurely study of various parts of the esophagus in various projections and positions.In this case, it is possible not only to perform fluoroscopy, but also to perform video magnetic recording.

Indications for X-ray examination with barium

There are a number of indications in which an X-ray examination of the esophagus with barium is necessary. If there is suspicion about the disease and the diagnosis, this type of diagnosis can also be carried out. We list some conditions in which it is recommended to conduct an x-ray of the esophagus with barium.

Swallowing disorder: feeling of retention of a lump of food, painful sensations when swallowing food

Various disorders of the act of swallowing, the appearance of a feeling of a lump in the throat, soreness during swallowing of food may indicate an obstacle to the natural course of food when the act of swallowing is performed. The cause of this pathological condition may be the presence of a foreign body in the esophagus, thickening of its walls or the growth of neoplasms of various origins.

An x-ray of the esophagus with barium will clearly show the location of the obstacle in a certain part of the esophagus, and also make it possible to assess its size and shape, which will help specialists in making a reliable diagnosis and choosing a rational treatment.

Chest pain, not associated with pathology of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system

If there is a history of painful sensations in the chest and with the help of differential diagnostics it was found that they have nothing to do with the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, then it is possible to assume the pathology of the esophagus. Since the esophagus is located directly behind the trachea and descends down to the diaphragm and stomach, the cause of pain is quite likely to be localized in it.

Diseases such as hiatal hernia, esophagitis, and peptic ulcer disease can be painful and can be detected by contrast-enhanced radiography of the esophagus.

Recurrent vomiting, heartburn, belching

If the clinical picture contains symptoms such as repeated heartburn, vomiting and belching, then this may indicate a violation of the motor function of the esophagus, as well as its anatomical sphincters or the presence of various wall pathologies.So, this symptomatology can occur with diverticula of the esophagus, dyskinesia and achalasia. All of these diseases can be detected using an X-ray of the esophagus with barium.

Preparation for X-ray of the esophagus

Before the barium x-ray of the esophagus, some preparation should be done.

Stopping food and liquid intake 8 hours before the procedure

It is advisable to refrain from eating any food in preparation for a barium esophageal x-ray at least 8 hours before the procedure.This will provide a more accurate picture of the condition of the walls of the esophagus and prevent the appearance of distortions that could be caused by food remaining in the esophagus. It will also help to avoid difficulties when the suspension of barium flows around the walls of the esophagus.

Exclusion from the diet of products that stimulate gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract

Also, when preparing a patient for an X-ray of the esophagus with barium, it is worth excluding from the diet foods that contribute to gas formation in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.It should be understood that air masses interfere with the acquisition of informative images, which can cause difficulties in making a diagnosis.

How is the picture taken?

Before the introduction of contrast, a survey X-ray of the area under study is made. After this, the patient is asked to take a liquid suspension of barium sulfate and a series of images are taken in various positions.

Contraindications

There are a number of contraindications to contrast-enhanced X-rays of the esophagus.

Pregnancy (the procedure is prescribed only for health reasons)

Barium, like X-rays, adversely affects the intrauterine development of the fetus and can lead to abnormalities in the baby. Therefore, this research method is used extremely rarely and only for health reasons.

If there is a risk of contrast injection into the respiratory system

If there is a high risk of barium suspension into the respiratory tract, which can lead to asphyxia and suffocation (for example, during fistulous passages, etc.)).

Severe condition of the patient

The extremely serious condition of the patient is also a contraindication to this study. This can only aggravate the situation.

Continued profuse bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract

Excessive bleeding can only become more intense with the introduction of barium and during fluoroscopy.

Barium intolerance

Individual intolerance to barium can lead to the development of an immediate type of allergic reaction (loss of consciousness, Quincke’s edema and other life-threatening conditions).

Hernia, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | Alpha

Hernia of the esophagus: symptoms and treatment

A hiatal hernia (esophageal hernia) is a condition in which the upper stomach and part of the esophagus enter the chest area through the opening of the diaphragm. A diaphragmatic hernia of the esophagus causes significant discomfort and interferes with a person’s daily life. Over time, the disease can provoke dangerous complications, therefore, requires serious treatment.

Causes of illness

In childhood, a hernia of the diaphragm of the esophagus occurs due to anatomical pathologies of the formation of the fetus. The child has a displacement of the cardiac stomach into the chest cavity.

Possible causes of a hernia of the esophagus in adults:

• weakness of the ligamentous apparatus of the digestive system;
• inflammatory diseases of the stomach: ulcer, chronic gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis, etc.etc .;
• pathology of the esophagus: burns of the mucous membrane, esophagitis, varicose veins, etc.;
• trauma to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
• damage caused by prolonged increases in pressure in the abdominal cavity, for example, during heavy physical exertion;
• obesity, constipation, flatulence;
• tumors.

Classification of diaphragmatic hernias

• Sliding (axial) .The fundus of the stomach and part of the esophagus slide freely into the chest cavity. Axial hernias are most commonly diagnosed. The risk of infringement is minimal.
• Peroesophageal (paraesophageal) . Less common is a pathology in which the esophagus remains in place, and the fundus of the stomach and other organs of the abdominal cavity protrude through the opening of the diaphragm. Paraesophageal hernias are often impaired, therefore, as a rule, they require surgical treatment.
• Mixed .A hernia of the esophagus of the stomach has signs of both types described above.
• Acquired short esophagus . Pathology occurs as a result of trauma and inflammatory diseases. The stomach is drawn through the diaphragmatic opening into the mediastinum.

Stages of hernia of the esophagus

• I – the abdominal esophagus is displaced into the mediastinum, the fundus of the stomach is located close to the diaphragm.
• II – the bottom and the cardiac part of the stomach are in the esophageal opening.
• III – the stomach and part of the esophagus are displaced into the mediastinum.

Hernia symptoms

The disease can go on for many years without severe symptoms. Most often, pathology is diagnosed during a routine examination or clinical examination.

There are several nonspecific symptoms of a hernia of the esophagus, in the event of which it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist:

• Heartburn, which increases with physical exertion, bending.
• Pain behind the sternum, caused by compression of displaced organs.
• Belching with a sour or bitter taste.
• Dysphagia after swallowing food or eating fried foods quickly.
• Hiccups that may be worse to vomiting.

Signs of a hernia of the esophagus are often confused with cardiac symptoms. The patient may experience persistent cough, shortness of breath, tachycardia, blanching of the skin after eating. Pain with a hernia of the esophagus can be localized in the region of the heart.

Diagnosis of the disease

The most informative are instrumental diagnostic methods:

• Barium X-ray . Pictures are taken in several projections. Radiography allows you to detect the protrusion of organs in the esophageal opening of the diaphragm and assess the severity of the disease.
• Computed tomography . According to the images, the doctor determines the size, localization of the defect.The CT scan clearly shows the blood vessels and the contents of the hernia.
• Fibroesogastroscopy . A thin tube with a video camera is pushed into the esophagus. The doctor sees the mucous membrane of internal organs on the screen, can detect inflamed areas, ulcers, scars and other defects.
• ultrasound . On examination, the degree of displacement of the boundaries of the mediastinum, heart is determined, the diaphragm defect is measured.
• Esophageal manometry .The examination is prescribed to assess the performance of the esophageal sphincters. Esophageal manometry helps not only in diagnosis, but also in assessing the effectiveness of the prescribed therapy.

Treatment

At stages 1 and 2, conservative treatment of hernia of the esophagus is indicated. To reduce heartburn, drugs are prescribed that reduce the level of acidity in the stomach, antacids. It is possible to take medications that stimulate gastric motility.

Proper nutrition plays an important role in treatment.The patient should divide the daily allowance into 5-6 small portions, eat dinner no later than 2 hours before bedtime. Fried, spicy, fatty foods, alcoholic and carbonated drinks are excluded from the diet. The menu is based on vegetable soups of boiled fish, meat, jelly, cereals, fruits. Normalization of nutrition with a hernia of the esophagus allows you to almost completely get rid of unpleasant symptoms.

In severe clinical cases, surgery is indicated. The surgeon’s job is to eliminate reflux and shrink the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.Rehabilitation after surgery takes several days. To prevent relapse, patients are advised to follow a diet, give up bad habits and avoid physical activity.

Why is a hernia of the esophagus dangerous without treatment:

• infringement of internal organs;
• increased reflux to vomiting;
• the development of ulcers, erosion in the digestive tract;
• the occurrence of internal bleeding.

Diagnosis and treatment of hernia of the esophagus in Nizhny Novgorod

Clinic “Alfa-Health Center” invites you to undergo a comprehensive examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Our specialists will diagnose, prescribe competent treatment, and help get rid of the uncomfortable manifestations of the disease. The phone number for the appointment is indicated on the website.

Gastroscopy in Moscow – polyclinic №2 named after Semashko

Gastroscopy – examination of the stomach

Gastroscopy (EGDS) is quick and completely pain-free; we can also offer gastroscopy during sleep.Examination of the stomach is indicated for patients with suspected esophagitis, gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

Gastroscopy is a method for examining the tissues of the esophagus, duodenum and stomach. The procedure is carried out using various equipment:

• Probe with video camera, which can be inserted both through the nose and through the mouth

Gastroscopy in Moscow is carried out for the purpose of diagnosis, postoperative control or during treatment, to determine its effectiveness.Specialists’ reviews about gastroscopy are the highest, since this diagnostic method remains the most informative, safe and highly accurate. In the clinic them. Semashko uses the most modern equipment, which makes it possible to make a correct diagnosis based on a single study. Experienced gastroenterologists are at your service!

How to prepare for gastroscopy of the stomach

Depending on the method of gastroscopy, the preparatory measures may differ slightly, but in general, preparation for gastroscopy of the stomach in the morning involves adherence to a certain diet.

• a sparing diet is followed for two days;
• it is necessary to stop drinking alcohol;
• 10 hours before gastroscopy, you must refuse to eat;
• 4 hours before the procedure, the last intake of water and medicines can be carried out.

The procedure when using a probe takes up to 10 minutes. In real time, a specialist examines the condition of the tissues and mucous membranes of the digestive system and makes a conclusion.

Prepare for the following questions from the endoscopist:

• Do you have any allergic reactions to drugs, including anesthetics and antiseptics?
• Do you have any diseases associated with blood clotting disorders?
• Are you taking blood thinners (warfarin, Coumadin), aspirin or iron supplements? If the answer is yes, discuss with your doctor the possibility of discontinuing these medications for 7-10 days before the examination;
• if you are taking drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice, then on the day of the study, they should be skipped;
• Do you suffer from diabetes mellitus, do you receive insulin therapy?
• Are you pregnant or planning to become pregnant?
• Have you had a heart attack, do you suffer from cardiac arrhythmias?
• Have you had a cerebrovascular accident or head injury in the last 6 months?
• Have you received surgical or radiation treatment for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract?
• Did you undergo a study of the gastrointestinal tract using barium on the eve of gastroscopy? If the answer is positive, EGD should be postponed for two days.

How is gastroscopy

• Before starting the procedure, the tongue root is anesthetized with a spray to relax the pharyngeal muscles and reduce the intensity of the gag reflex.
• For gastroscopy, the PENTAX-EG 2770-K apparatus with a soft fiberscope 2.8 cm in diameter is used, which practically excludes its contact with the walls of the esophagus.
• A special mouthpiece is inserted into the mouth to protect the teeth from injury by the endoscope.
• The endoscope tip is treated with a special gel and inserted into the mouth.
• Since the endoscope has a small diameter, you will not have any problems with swallowing or breathing.

Air or water can be supplied to the gastric cavity through the endoscope to straighten the folds of the mucous membrane, improving the quality of the examination. The amount of liquid, air, and saliva is regulated by suction.

After the procedure, you will need to rest under the supervision of a medical staff. Numbness of the tongue may persist for some time, sore throat may appear, belching with air – these phenomena should not scare you, they will soon pass.

At the end of the procedure, you will be given a conclusion on the results of the study. The results of a biopsy or additional tests for infection will be known within 15 days.

Sterilization of instruments

We carefully monitor sterility, therefore we disinfect endoscopes and capsules. To do this, we carry out a two-stage cleaning of the tool:

• Endoscopes are processed automatically in a special machine.
• Stored in aseptic cabinets

Price of gastroscopy

We offer a painless gastroscopy procedure. You can get acquainted with the prices in our price list. You can get more detailed information from our employees if you call or leave a request for a call back.

CAT-Barium (E-Z-CAT – instructions for use, dosage, composition, analogs, side effects / Pillintrip

Special warnings and precautions

The product should be administered under medical supervision.

Diagnostic procedures using X-ray contrast media should be performed under the guidance of personnel who have received the necessary training and are well aware of the appropriate procedure to be performed.

Barium sulfate should not be added dry. The powder needs to be reconstituted and some of the commercially available suspensions need to be further diluted prior to administration.

Hypersensitivity

A history of bronchial asthma, atopy as evidenced by hay fever and eczema, a family history of allergies or a previous reaction to contrast media requires special attention.These reactions are believed to be caused by the flavors and / or preservatives used in the product.

/ or patient hypersensitivity. Anaphylactic and allergic reactions have been reported in double contrast tests using glucagon. Rapid detection, assessment and diagnosis are critical to effective treatment delivery. Imaging facilities should be equipped with well trained personnel to diagnose and treat hypersensitivity reactions.

Barium sulfate formulations used as an emitting medium contain a variety of additives to provide diagnostic properties and patient palatability. Allergic reactions have been reported following the use of barium sulfate suspensions. Infants and young children have experienced skin irritation, redness, inflammation, and hives after spilling barium sulfate suspension on the skin.

Perforation

In patients with severe stenosis at every level of the gastrointestinal tract, especially if you are distal to the abdomen, and for diseases and complaints, this increases the risk of perforation, such as known gastrointestinal fistulas and carcinomas, inflammatory bowel diseases , Diverticulitis and diverticulosis and amobiasis. Careful consideration of the risks and benefits of administering barium sulfate suspension is required.

Ambition

For patients susceptible to aspiration (neonates, the elderly and patients with stroke), it is recommended to start the procedure with a small amount of swallow.

Vomiting after oral administration of barium sulfate can lead to aspiration pneumonitis. Oral administration of barium sulfate suspension by an infant sucking on a bottle and administration of large quantities with catheters is likely to result in aspiration in the tracheobronchial tree.Pulmonary cardiac arrest has been reported in children after aspiration, resulting in death. Aspiration of small amounts can cause airway inflammation and pneumonia.

The use of barium is not recommended in patients with a history of aspiration. If barium procedures are required for these patients, or patients who may be affected by the integrity of the swallowing mechanism, use caution. If this product is absorbed into the larynx, further administration should be stopped immediately.

Disability / fluid overload

Barium sulfate suspensions after oral administration in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis have been reported to cause small bowel constipation (impaction).

Barium sulfate slurries have been reported to cause liquid overload due to water absorption.

Children and patients with kidney failure are most susceptible to water poisoning, as are children with deer jumping disease.

Intravasation

Barium sulphate can also enter the venous drainage of the colon and enter the circulation as “barium embolus”. This complication is rare during barium administration and extremely rare when administered orally.This can lead to potentially fatal complications, including systemic and pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia, and persistent severe hypotension. It is more likely that in older patients, due to thinning of the rectum and thinning of the vagina with increasing age, and in patients with colorectal disease, this will manifest itself when intrarenal pressure overcomes the stability of the intestinal wall affected by colitis, diverticulitis, or intestinal obstruction.The diagnosis should be considered in any patient who breaks down during or shortly after barium intervention, and in those who suddenly feel uncomfortable for several hours after the procedure.

Constipation or diarrhea

CAT-Barium (EZ-CAT should be used with caution when the patient is dehydrated, has an illness, or is undergoing any other treatment that may cause constipation, or when the patient has a history of constipation. In this situation, after completion X-ray examination should introduce a laxative laxative.Increased fluid intake is recommended after oral or rectal administration of barium sulfate to prevent severe constipation and the risk of exposure.

Conversely, administration may have a mild laxative effect, since barium CAT (E-Z-CAT) contains sorbitol. The calorific value of sorbitol is 2.6 kcal / g.

Other possible complications

Concerned patients may develop after the introduction of diagnostics due to weakness, pallor, tinnitus, diaphoresis and bradycardia.These reactions are usually unpredictable and are best treated with a patient lying still for another 10-30 minutes under observation.

Preparing patients for diagnostic gastrointestinal examinations often requires a cathartic and liquid diet. Various medications can cause the patient to lose water. Patients should be rapidly hydrated after gastrointestinal tract gastrointestinal tract. Saline cathartic is usually recommended in patients with a history of constipation, unless clinically contraindicated.

Baroliths

Baroliths are composed of proven barium bound to faeces. They are often asymptomatic but can be associated with abdominal pain, appendicitis, bowel obstruction, or perforation. Elderly patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders, bowel obstruction, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or low food residue are at risk of developing barolitis. To reduce this risk, adequate hydration should be maintained during and on the days following the barium sulfate process.Consideration should be given to the use of laxatives (especially in cases of constipation).

Hereditary fructose intolerance

CAT barium – (EZ-CAT contains sorbitol. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not use this medication. Therefore, due to the possibility of unknown hereditary fructose intolerance, it should only be used in children and babies after consultation with a doctor

Patients on a controlled sodium diet

CAT barium – (EZ-CAT contains sodium among excipients.Caution should be exercised in patients on a controlled sodium diet, especially with repeated administration.

Children, the elderly and debilitated patients

As with any barium sulfate preparation, caution should be exercised when prescribing barium CAT (EZ-CAT for children, the elderly or debilitated. Should be used carefully in patients with pre-existing heart disease.

Barium swallow and small intestine ingestion

Barium X-rays are diagnostic X-rays in which barium is used to diagnose abnormalities in the digestive tract.

Types of X-rays with barium

If your doctor has ordered a barium test, it is important to know that there are various procedures that count as barium x-rays. This includes:

• Barium Swallow (discussed below)

• Small Intestine Follow-up with Barium (discussed below)

• Barium Enema (Lower GI Series)

Barium Swallow

A barium swallow (also called a barium esophagogram) or a series of upper gastrointestinal tract examinations to examine the back of the throat, esophagus, and stomach may be ordered.After taking a sip of barium, you will be asked to drink a chalky liquid containing barium. Some people describe it as drinking a tasteless strawberry smoothie.

Symptoms that might prompt your doctor to prescribe a swig of barium include:

• Difficulty swallowing

• Unusual bloating

• Unexplained vomiting

• Unintentional weight loss

Barium covers the walls of the esophagus and stomach, which are then visible on x-rays.The test is usually not sensitive enough to be used as a reliable test for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but it can be effective in detecting strictures, ulcers, hiatal hernias, esophageal or gastric erosions, muscle disorders such as achalasia etc. other abnormalities such as tumors. Barium swallow can sometimes be used to detect esophageal cancer.

Barium small intestine

Barium studies can also be used to further study the digestive tract.In the small intestine with barium, you are watched as the barium you drink travels outside the stomach into the small intestine and eventually into the large intestine. During the procedure, you are often turned from side to side to better visualize the small intestine or small intestine. A follow-up examination of the small intestine with barium may be performed to help diagnose tumors of the small intestine, an obstruction of the small intestine, or inflammatory diseases of the small intestine such as Crohn’s disease.

Preparation and Procedure

If your doctor has ordered you to swallow barium or pass through the small intestine, you may be wondering what to expect. Both of these tests are usually done on an outpatient basis at the hospital’s radiology department. Below is a general graph of how things will go:

• Most often, you are advised not to eat or drink anything after midnight on the night before the exam. An exception is when you are taking any prescription medication.Be sure to talk to your doctor, but they will most likely recommend that you take any regular medications with a small sip of water in the morning before your exam. This is very important if you are taking medication, for example, for heart disease.

• If you swallow a barium swallow, you will be standing in front of a vertical X-ray table in front of a fluoroscope, a device that immediately displays a moving image. Then you drink liquid barium and swallow baking soda crystals.

• The radiologist can observe the flow of barium through the digestive tract. You may be asked to move to different positions during the x-ray so that the doctor can observe the barium from different angles as it travels up the esophagus and into the stomach.

• Because barium can cause constipation, drink plenty of fluids and eat high-fiber foods for the next days or two until the barium is eliminated from the body.

Warnings and Potential Side Effects

There are usually several side effects associated with barium studies, with the exception of constipation.Some people are intolerant to barium and vomiting, but this rarely happens. Aspiration of barium solution into the lungs is also not common.

Barium tests should not be done in pregnant women, in those who may have a perforation in the digestive tract, in people with severe bowel obstruction, and in those with severe difficulty swallowing (as this may increase the risk of aspiration).

Alternatives

Barium tests are most often performed in conjunction with other tests of the digestive tract.These may include upper endoscopy, pH and monitoring, manometry, or other imaging studies.

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