Prevention Strategies & Guidelines | Overweight & Obesity

• Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Prevention Strategies
• Early Care and Education Strategies
• School Health Guidelines
• Community Guide
• Clinical Guidelines

To reverse the obesity epidemic, places and practices need to support healthy eating and active living in many settings. Below are recommended strategies to prevent obesity.

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Prevention Strategies

The CDC Guide to Strategies to Increase Physical Activity in the Community [PDF-1.2MB] provides guidance for program managers, policy makers, and others on how to select strategies to increase physical activity.

Physical Activity: Built Environment Approaches Combining Transportation System Interventions with Land Use and Environmental Design
The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends built environment strategies that combine one or more interventions to improve pedestrian or bicycle transportation systems with one or more land use and environmental design interventions to increase physical activity.

The CDC Guide to Strategies to Increase the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables [PDF-2.1MB] provides guidance for program managers, policy makers, and others on how to select strategies to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables.

The CDC Guide to Breastfeeding Interventions provides state and local community members information to choose the breastfeeding intervention strategy that best meets their needs.

Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States [PDF-376KB] contains 24 recommended obesity prevention strategies focusing on environmental and policy level change initiatives that can be implemented by local governments and school districts to promote healthy eating and active living.

• Implementation and Measurement Guide [PDF-2.6MB] can help communities implement the recommended obesity prevention strategies and report on the associated measurements.
• Healthy Communities: What Local Governments Can Do to Reduce and Prevent Obesity [PPT-8. 5MB] is a presentation developed for use by local government staff that makes the case for investing in CDC’s Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States [PDF – 375KB] . Also available in a PDF version [PDF-3.8MB].

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Early Care and Education Strategies

CDC’s framework for obesity prevention, in the ECE setting is known as the Spectrum of Opportunities [PDF-666KB]. The Spectrum identifies ways that states, and to some extent communities, can support child care and early education facilities to achieve recommended standards and best practices for obesity prevention. The Spectrum aligns with comprehensive national ECE standards for obesity prevention address nutrition, infant feeding, physical activity and screen time, Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards (CFOC), 3rd ed.

School Health Guidelines

School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity provides nine guidelines that serve as the foundation for developing, implementing, and evaluating school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices for students in grades K-12.

The following resources are designed to assist schools and program coordinators to inform stakeholders and school health services staff on obesity facts, engaging students and managing chronic health conditions.

Community Guide

The Community Guide – Obesity Prevention and Control is a free resource to help you choose programs and policies to prevent and control obesity in your community.

Clinical Guidelines

Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents [PDF-3.26MB] This resource summarizes the integrated guidelines develop by the Federal Government to address cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents.

Screening for Obesity in Pediatric Primary Care: Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guidance for primary care providers in screening for obesity and offering or referring to comprehensive, intensive behavioral weight management interventions.

Expert Committee Recommendations The American Academy of Pediatrics released the Expert Committee Recommendations that suggest screening all children for obesity (>=2 years) and providing tiers of care regarding the treatment and prevention of obesity.

2013 Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular RiskThis is a Report of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Priority Obesity Strategy: Early Care and Education (ECE) Policies and Activities | Overweight & Obesity

Equity

• Build equity into state and local ECE work.
  • Expand and diversify ECE coalitions to include ECE care providers and various cultural and socio-economic groups.*
  • Create cultural and linguistic translations of support and guidance products that work for the populations served.*
  • Participate in federal programs that reimburse ECE providers caring for children in families that meet income eligibility such as your state’s Child and Adult Care Food Program and Child Care and Development Fund.+
  • Use a health equity assessment tool, such as those in the Health Equity Resources section below, to inform the work. *
  • Use data sets, such as the Child Opportunity Index, to identify communities and areas with the greatest health disparities for the program’s focus.*

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Activities for State and Local Communities by Spectrum Area

Licensing and Administrative Regulations: Each state sets ECE regulations, making regulations an important area for potential policy interventions. Use your state’s ECE licensing scorecard to see what obesity prevention standards are included. Learn more about state licensing efforts and ways to advance this Spectrum area.*

Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS)

Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS): QRIS is a systematic approach to assessing, communicating, and improving quality in ECE programs. See if your state has incorporated any of the 47 high-impact obesity prevention best practices into its state QRIS system here.*

Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP): This nutrition program from the US Department of Agriculture can help reimburse participating ECE programs for supporting breastfeeding parents and serving healthy meals and snacks to eligible children in their care. See if your state has a CACFP map.

• State: Identify ECE programs participating in CACFP in your state and any gaps in participation associated with geographic and socially vulnerable areas.*
  • As needed, increase participation through activities such education or promotional materials, technical assistance, and outreach.+
• Local: Educate eligible ECE programs in your community about the CACFP program.*
  • Consider efforts to increase participation such as mentoring or outreach efforts.+

Professional Development: Professional development refers to ongoing professional training for ECE providers to learn about best practices and advance their knowledge and skills on a topic.

• State: Inventory professional development modules or trainings available to help ECE providers learn about nutrition, physical activity, breastfeeding, Farm to ECE or other relevant topics and create or update trainings as needed. *
  • Promote the use of modules and trainings to reach as many ECE providers as possible.+ Reduce common barriers, such as cost, language, and distance, that hinder professional development opportunities for ECE providers.
• Local: Promote state modules or trainings for ECE providers in your community.*
  • Reduce common barriers, such as cost, language, and distance, that hinder professional development opportunities for ECE programs and providers.+

Statewide Intervention Programs: Evidence-based interventions can help ECE programs improve their polices, practices, and nutrition and physical activity offerings. See the SNAP-ED Toolkit for examples such as GO NAPSACC, CATCH Early Childhood, Cooking Matters, and Harvest for Healthy Kids.

• State: Identify an evidence-based intervention that all ECE programs in your state can implement to help improve nutrition and physical activity policies and practices. Work with ECE programs in your state to the use the intervention+
• Local: Determine if your state has an evidence-based intervention. If so, work with ECE programs in your community to use the intervention or tool. If not, consider if GO NAPSACC or another intervention is right for your community.+

Statewide Recognition Programs: State-branded recognition programs recognize ECE programs that meet criteria on a particular topic. Many states have breastfeeding friendly, healthy childcare, or other nutrition or physical activity recognition programs.

• State: Find out if your state has a recognition program. Work with partners to implement or increase use, as appropriate.+ If your state does not have a program, consider working with your state’s ECE partners to create one.
• Local: Find out if your state has any ECE recognition programs.
  • If so, provide information and encourage community ECE programs not yet participating to enroll or consider taking part in a pilot. +
  • If not, consider working with your state’s ECE partners to create one.+

Statewide Technical Assistance Networks: State technical assistance (TA) networks provide ECE programs with individualized help on a variety of topics. Common TA providers include staff at state childcare resource and referral agencies, local health departments, childcare health consultants, SNAP-Ed coordinators, and ECE trainers.

• State: Identify existing groups that provide TA to ECE programs.*
• Work with TA networks and TA providers to increase knowledge and build ECE program capacity on topic such as nutrition, physical activity, breastfeeding, outdoor learning, and Farm to ECE among ECE providers. If your state uses an evidence-based intervention or a recognition program, encourage TA providers to use the state-sponsored intervention or recognition programs with ECE programs they serve.+
• Local: Find out who provides support and TA to ECE programs in your community. *
• Work with TA networks and TA providers to increase TA on nutrition, physical activity, breastfeeding, outdoor learning, or Farm to ECE.+

Access to healthy environments:

Farm to ECE programs provide increased exposure and access to local produce, opportunities to learn about nutrition and agriculture, and hands-on learning through gardening

• State:
  • Join or start a Farm to ECE Coalition to advance Farm to ECE.*
  • Engage local and regional food system and ECE partners.+
  • Build capacity through training and TA opportunities.+
• Local:
  • Learn what your state has done to advance Farm to ECE.*
  • Connect with state and local Farm to ECE coalitions and partners, work to engage community ECE programs on Farm to ECE, and build capacity through training and TA opportunities.+

Outdoor Learning Environments (OLEs) help young children be more physically active while they play, discover, and connect with nature.

• State: Build capacity and knowledge about OLEs through training and TA.
  • Find out if there is a state network of professionals who can help design and implement OLEs featuring OLE best practices.*
  • Create and distribute resources for professionals from key disciplines such as landscape architects, ECE staff, horticulturalists, ECE licensing professionals, and nature play specialists, who can support ECE facilities in implementing high-quality OLEs.+
• Local:
  • Identify what your state has done to increase access to high-quality OLEs.*
  • Connect with state and local coalitions and partners and engage ECE programs in your community in OLE through training and TA opportunities.+

Communication

Evaluation

Health Equity

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Resources

CDC’s Spectrum of Opportunities Framework
Describes nine components for states and communities to consider when improving policies, practices, and environments in ECE programs. Related resources include:

• Spectrum of Opportunities for Obesity Prevention in Early Care and Education [PDF-665KB] is a summary graphic with examples of potential activities in the nine spectrum areas.
• Quick Start Action Guide for Obesity Prevention in ECE [PDF-550KB] provides action steps to plan new or expand existing efforts to promote healthy eating, physical activity, and breastfeeding in ECE. Includes partnership worksheets and can be adapted for local use.
• Also see Go NAPSACC in the Spectrum of Opportunities [PDF-239KB]

Strategies to Prevent and Manage Obesity in the ECE Setting
Includes background on the ECE setting, key CDC publications, and resources.

Early Care and Education State Indicator Report (2016)
Highlights how states have advanced seven Spectrum of Opportunities areas. Use to understand existing efforts to improve ECE programs and help ECE providers implement nutrition, physical activity, breastfeeding, and Farm to ECE support and reduce screen time.

Farm to Preschool: Local Food and Learning in Early Care and Education Settings
Fact sheet includes tips for growing a program.

Healthy Kids, Healthy Future
Resources for ECE trainers, providers, and state and local leaders.

• Diversity Data Kids: Child Opportunity Index
• Mapping CACFP Participation
• CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index

Health Equity Resources

• Diversity Data Kids: Early Childhood Equity Reports, State Examples, and Resources
• Equity Starts Early: Addressing Racial Inequities in Child Care and Early Education Policies [PDF-1.36MB] (Executive Summary, CLASP: The Center for Law and Social Policy)
• National Farm to School Network: Racial and Social Equity Assessment Tool for Farm to School Program and Policy
• Vision and Key Strategies to Advance Farm to Early Care and Education [PDF-250KB]

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What Others Are Doing

Advancing Farm to ECE
Provides overview of Farm to ECE and includes short stories from seven states.

New Mexico Early Care and Education Centers Create Lasting Wellness Changes 
Describes a policy toolkit for putting policy changes into practice.

Making Health Easier: Healthy Changes Start in Preschool
Highlights Los Angeles Universal Preschool’s efforts to teach children healthy habits by incorporating small, healthy changes that can be made in any classroom

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Prevention of obesity – Gryazinskaya CRH

Obesity is a disease that can be cured simply by adjusting the lifestyle. All you need is your desire and many of the problems that excess weight entails will bypass you.

Preventive measures.

Nutrition: The basis of the diet for obesity is a “healthy” diet, its principle is the dosed intake of a variety of foods. There are general recommendations for a diet for obesity:
Eat plenty of fiber-rich foods every day. These are fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals. All these products are low-calorie, rich in vitamins and minerals.
Sweets, muffins, fried foods, canned food, store-bought juices, lemonades, fast food – it is better to exclude from the menu.
Dishes of fast carbohydrates and proteins, it is better to combine with slow carbohydrates. For example, meat food with side dishes of vegetables and cereals.
Fast carbohydrate dishes are best taken at the beginning of the day (in the morning), when the metabolism is more intense.
Eliminate animal fats. Replace them with healthy vegetable oils (olive, sesame).
Be careful with spicy, spicy and sour foods – do not abuse them, because they tend to stimulate the appetite.
Do not forget that food should be varied. Then it will satisfy the body’s need for vitamins and trace elements.
Limit alcohol, as alcoholic drinks will add extra calories, no nutrients, and whet your appetite.
Drink plenty of water to quench your thirst. Pure water contains 0 calories, and if you drink a glass of water 30 minutes before a meal, then the feeling of satiety will come earlier. The last meal should be 2.5-3 hours before bedtime.

Physical activity: It is possible to increase the consumption of kilocalories entering the body only through physical activity. An untrained person should not immediately start intensive training. For the prevention of obesity, cyclic types of physical education are best suited: skiing, swimming, running. The easiest is to walk at a brisk pace for 40 minutes 3-4 times a week or take at least 10,000 steps a day every day. A prerequisite is control over your condition.

Psychological problems: Not all causes of obesity are due to human physiology. His psyche plays an important role in the appearance of excess weight. Sleep disturbance, negative emotions, frequent stress can increase appetite and encourage increased food intake, which in turn leads to weight gain. Having solved at least partially the problem associated with the psychological aspect of obesity, it is possible to prevent weight gain.

Remember: By losing weight, you reduce the risk of a large number of diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction and improve your quality of life!

Endocrinologist State Healthcare Institution “Gryazinskaya Central District Hospital” Ya.I. Bogomolova

Prevention of overweight and obesity

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Prevention Reminders

Prevention of overweight and obesity

Obesity is an excessive deposition of fat in the body, which poses a health risk. in Russia – from 40 to 60%. Patients with obesity are 4 times more likely to see a doctor about a health problem.

There has been an increase in the number of overweight adolescents, caused by the consumption of high-calorie foods and lack of physical activity.

Body mass index (BMI) is used to estimate body weight:

The result is estimated as follows: 085

15 or less Severe malnutrition 15 – 17 Moderate malnutrition 17 – 19 Mild malnutrition 19 – 25

9009 6 Norm-Standard 25 – 30 Overweight 30 – 35 First degree obesity 35 – 40 Second degree obesity 40 or more Obesity third degree (morbid)

Another test is your waist. The larger the waist, the higher the risk to the health of the heart and blood vessels. Waist circumference should be for women – no more than 80-88 cm, for men – no more than 94-102 cm. Anything more is a cause for alarm.

Types of obesity

Abdominal (adipose tissue is deposited in the abdomen and upper body). With this type, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, heart attacks and strokes often develop.

Femoral-gluteal (adipose tissue is deposited in the buttocks and thighs). It is accompanied by the development of diseases of the spine, joints and veins of the lower extremities.

Mixed or intermediate type of obesity with an even distribution of fat throughout the body.

Causes of obesity

Hereditary factors in obesity are not fatal. Of great importance in the emergence of obesity are external factors.

Junk food:

• bad eating habits with excessive consumption of fatty foods and simple carbohydrates (meal for the company), irregular meals (in the evening), large portions, frequent snacks, watching TV during meals, “jamming” stress;
• endocrine disorders.