What is a plantar fascia rupture. How is it diagnosed. What are the treatment options for a torn plantar fascia. How long does recovery from a plantar fascia rupture take. What exercises can help prevent plantar fascia injuries.

Understanding Plantar Fascia Ruptures

A plantar fascia rupture occurs when the thick band of tissue on the bottom of the foot that extends from the heel to the toes tears. This tissue, known as the plantar fascia, provides crucial support and stability to the arch of the foot. While plantar fasciitis (inflammation of the fascia) is a common cause of heel pain, an actual rupture or tear of the plantar fascia is a more severe injury.

Plantar fascia ruptures typically happen during high-impact activities or traumatic events. Some common causes include:

• Jumping or falling from a height
• Sudden acceleration while running
• Rapid changes of direction in sports like basketball
• Chronic plantar fasciitis that weakens the tissue over time

Recognizing the Symptoms

How can you tell if you’ve experienced a plantar fascia rupture? The most common signs and symptoms include:

• A sudden “popping” sensation in the arch of the foot
• Sharp, intense pain in the arch and heel area
• Swelling and bruising along the bottom of the foot
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected foot
• Visible flattening of the arch

If you experience these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosing a Plantar Fascia Rupture

Accurate diagnosis of a plantar fascia rupture is essential for proper treatment and recovery. Healthcare providers typically use a combination of methods to confirm the diagnosis:

Physical Examination

During a physical exam, the doctor will carefully inspect the foot for signs of swelling, bruising, and changes in the arch. They may also gently palpate the area to assess tenderness and pain levels.

Patient History

The healthcare provider will ask about the circumstances surrounding the injury, including any specific activities or events that may have led to the rupture. They’ll also inquire about your pain levels and any previous foot problems.

Imaging Studies

While not always necessary, imaging studies can help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other potential injuries:

• X-rays: These can help identify any fractures or bone spurs that may be contributing to the problem.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): An MRI provides detailed images of the soft tissues, allowing the doctor to visualize the extent of the tear and any associated inflammation.
• Ultrasound: This non-invasive imaging technique can help visualize the plantar fascia and identify areas of damage or inflammation.

Treatment Options for Plantar Fascia Ruptures

Once a plantar fascia rupture is diagnosed, treatment typically focuses on promoting healing, reducing pain, and restoring function. The good news is that surgery is rarely required for this injury, as the plantar fascia tends to heal well with conservative treatments.

Immediate Care

The initial treatment for a plantar fascia rupture follows the RICE protocol:

• Rest: Avoid putting weight on the affected foot.
• Ice: Apply cold packs to reduce pain and swelling.
• Compression: Use an elastic bandage to minimize swelling.
• Elevation: Keep the foot elevated above heart level when possible.

Immobilization

To allow the plantar fascia to heal properly, a period of immobilization is typically necessary. This may involve:

• Crutches: To keep weight off the injured foot while walking
• Walking boot: A protective boot that limits movement and provides support
• Cast: In some cases, a cast may be used for more severe ruptures

Pain Management

Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe stronger pain medication for short-term use.

Physical Therapy

As the acute phase of injury subsides, physical therapy plays a crucial role in recovery. A physical therapist can guide you through exercises to:

• Improve flexibility in the plantar fascia and calf muscles
• Strengthen the muscles that support the arch of the foot
• Restore normal gait patterns
• Improve balance and proprioception

Orthotics

Custom orthotics or shoe inserts can help provide additional support to the arch and reduce stress on the plantar fascia as it heals. These may be particularly beneficial for individuals with flat feet or high arches.

Recovery Timeline for Plantar Fascia Ruptures

The recovery process for a plantar fascia rupture can vary depending on the severity of the injury and individual factors. However, a general timeline might look like this:

1. Weeks 1-3: Focus on rest, immobilization, and pain management
2. Weeks 4-6: Gradual weight-bearing with a walking boot, initiation of gentle stretching exercises
3. Weeks 7-9: Transition out of the walking boot, more intensive physical therapy
4. Weeks 10-12: Return to normal footwear, continued strengthening exercises
5. 3-6 months: Gradual return to full activities and sports

It’s important to note that complete recovery can take several months. A 2004 study of 18 patients with plantar fascia ruptures found that the average time to return to activities was 9 weeks, with a range of 4-26 weeks.

Preventing Plantar Fascia Injuries

While it’s not always possible to prevent plantar fascia ruptures, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your feet
• Wear supportive shoes with good arch support
• Gradually increase the intensity and duration of your workouts
• Stretch your calves and plantar fascia regularly
• Replace running shoes every 400-500 miles
• Cross-train with low-impact activities like swimming or cycling

Exercises to Strengthen the Plantar Fascia

Incorporating specific exercises into your routine can help strengthen the plantar fascia and surrounding muscles:

1. Toe curls: Pick up small objects with your toes
2. Towel scrunches: Use your toes to scrunch a towel on the floor
3. Calf raises: Stand on a step and lower your heels below the level of the step
4. Plantar fascia stretches: Gently pull your toes back towards your shin
5. Tennis ball rolls: Roll a tennis ball under your foot to massage the plantar fascia

Long-Term Outlook and Potential Complications

With proper treatment and rehabilitation, most people recover fully from plantar fascia ruptures and return to their normal activities. However, it’s important to be aware of potential complications:

Chronic Pain

Some individuals may experience persistent pain or discomfort in the foot, especially during high-impact activities. This can often be managed with continued stretching, orthotics, and proper footwear.

Altered Foot Mechanics

A rupture of the plantar fascia can sometimes lead to changes in the foot’s structure, potentially affecting gait and increasing the risk of other foot problems. Regular follow-ups with a podiatrist can help address these issues.

Recurrence

While uncommon, it is possible to re-injure the plantar fascia, especially if returning to activities too quickly or not addressing underlying biomechanical issues.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many foot injuries can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Seek help if you experience:

• Severe pain that doesn’t improve with rest and ice
• Inability to bear weight on the affected foot
• Visible deformity of the foot
• Numbness or tingling in the foot
• Signs of infection, such as fever or redness spreading up the leg

Remember, early intervention can often lead to faster recovery and better long-term outcomes.

Related Foot Conditions

Understanding plantar fascia ruptures can also shed light on other common foot conditions:

Plantar Fasciitis

This inflammation of the plantar fascia is more common than ruptures and often causes heel pain, especially with the first steps in the morning.

Heel Spurs

These bony growths on the underside of the heel bone can sometimes accompany plantar fasciitis and contribute to pain.

Flat Feet (Pes Planus)

People with flat feet may be at higher risk for plantar fascia problems due to increased stress on the tissue.

Achilles Tendinitis

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon can sometimes be confused with plantar fascia issues, as both can cause heel pain.

By understanding these related conditions, you can better communicate with your healthcare provider and ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Plantar Fascia Ruptures: Hubert Lee, DPM: Podiatrist

What is a Plantar Fascia Rupture?
The plantar fascia is a thick band of tissue on the bottom of your foot that extends from your heel to your toes.  It provides stability and support to your arch.  A common cause of heel pain known as plantar fasciitis can occur when the fascia becomes inflamed.  The plantar fascia can also traumatically tear or rupture.  This can occur when jumping or falling from a height or during activities like running or basketball.  If you suffer from a plantar fascia rupture, you may hear or feel a “pop” in your arch.  You will also likely experience sharp pain with bruising and swelling in your arch and heel.

A torn plantar fascia is very painful and requires proper treatment.  Diagnosis of a plantar fascia rupture is made by a complete history and exam.  X-rays and occasionally an MRI may also be necessary.

Treatment and Recovery from a Plantar Fascia Rupture
Treatment for a torn plantar fascia begins with a period of immobilization and crutches followed by a walking boot.   Physical therapy will be initiated, and a supportive, custom orthotic will be made to decrease tension on the fascia.  Recovery can take 9-12 weeks.  Surgery is typically not required, because the fascia tends to heal well on its own.  In fact, a surgical treatment for heel pain caused by plantar fasciitis involves cutting and lengthening the tight fascia.

A ruptured plantar fascia can take several months to completely resolve.  In a 2004 study involving 18 patients with a torn plantar fascia, all patients returned to activities within 4-26 weeks with an average of 9 weeks.  The patients in this study were mostly runners, but this condition can occur in any activity with jumping or running.  If you are suffering from either acute or chronic heel pain, proper diagnosis and treatment of a plantar fascia rupture will ensure a timely return to your activities.

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Pain Under the Medial Arch of the Foot

By
Ben Benjamin,
PhD


May 29, 2009

By
Ben Benjamin,
PhD


May 29, 2009

Question: If a person experiences pain under the medial arch of the foot while walking or while rising onto the balls of the feet to reach for something, which structure is likely to be injured?

Answer: The flexor hallucis. The flexor hallucis is a very strong muscle-tendon unit that takes the lion’s share of our weight while we walk, stand and rise onto the balls of our feet. The muscle is located in the calf, and its tendon begins just medial to the Achilles’ tendon. The tendon passes under the medial heel and travels along the medial arch of the foot to attach distally at the great toe.

Poor alignment makes the flexor hallucis tendon more susceptible to injury. In a normally aligned foot, roughly one-third of the body’s weight falls onto the great toe, with one-sixth falling onto each of the other toes. If the feet are turned out while standing and walking, even more weight falls onto the great toe – and therefore onto its flexor tendon. In such cases, strain or tendinitis of the flexor hallucis tendon is fairly common. In cases where poor alignment is placing pressure on the medial arch, there often is a callus at the medial edge of the great toe and/or the medial aspect of great toe joint.

See Also: Trigger Points in the Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Flexor hallucis injuries occur most commonly in the medial arch of the foot. Injuries to the flexor hallucis tendon at the back of the ankle, where the tendon is running parallel to the Achilles’, are sometimes mistaken for Achilles’ tendinitis. Injuries to this tendon near the anterior portion of the heel often are mistaken for plantar fasciitis. If a person feels pain not just at the medial arch, but in a wider area under the arch of the foot, this might indicate that the flexor tendons of several other toes also are strained or that a plantar fasciitis is present.

Question: What assessment test would you perform to verify this injury?

Answer: Resisted plantar flexion of the great toe

First, hold the great toe in slight dorsiflexion (Figure 1) with your thumb and ask the person to push the toe down against you (into plantar flexion). If the injury is relatively severe, this test will be positive (causing a little pain). If the tendon is only mildly strained, you’ll need to perform one or two additional tests to place more stress on the tendon.

The second test is performed in a standing position. While holding the client’s hands for balance, ask the person to rise onto the balls of the feet (Figure 2). If this reproduces the person’s pain, and the pain is in the medial arch, you have confirmed the presence of flexor hallucis tendon strain. If the reproduced pain is in the Achilles’ area, you’ll need to do further testing to determine whether it’s coming from the Achilles’ or the flexor hallucis. If this second test does not cause discomfort, move on to the third test.

For this final test, have the client face a wall and lean against it at approximately a 35-degree angle, while rising up onto the balls of the feet (Figure 3). If this causes no pain or discomfort in the offending area, ask the person to transfer most of his or her weight onto the big toes. This places maximum stress on the flexor hallucis tendon.

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Plantar Fasciitis

The plantar fascia is a flat ligament that connects the heel bone to the toes. It provides arch support. If you strain the plantar fascia, it becomes swollen, weak, inflamed, or irritated. It causes pain in the bottom of the foot or heel when walking or standing.

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It is more common in middle-aged people, although it can also affect young people, especially athletes and soldiers. This problem may occur on one or both legs.

Common causes of plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis most commonly affects active men and women between the ages of 40 and 70. It also affects significantly more women than men. In addition, plantar fasciitis is common in pregnant women, especially in late pregnancy.

If you are obese or overweight, you are more likely to get plantar fasciitis. This is due to high pressure on the plantar fascia ligaments, which is especially common if you gain weight rapidly.

If you run long distances, you may be more susceptible to plantar fascia problems. Moreover, you may be at risk if you have a physically demanding job that requires constant walking or standing, such as working in a factory or serving a restaurant.

Plantar fasciitis can develop if you have structural foot problems, including extremely high arches or flat feet. Plantar fascia pain can also be caused by a tight Achilles tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heels. Plantar fasciitis can sometimes develop when wearing shoes with soft soles and insufficient arch support.

Heel spurs are not always the cause of plantar fasciitis. Initially, doctors thought that a heel spur was causing discomfort for people with plantar fasciitis. However, this is not true.

Symptoms of plantar fasciitis

The most common symptom of plantar fasciitis is pain in the heel or midfoot. It usually only affects one leg, but it can also affect both. Plantar fasciitis causes pain that gets worse over time. This pain can be mild or severe. Some people may feel a burning sensation or pain in the bottom of the foot that radiates outward from the ankle.

The pain is usually worse, especially in the morning when you get out of bed or when you sit or lie down for a long time. Because of the stiffness of the heel, climbing stairs can be very difficult.

Increased inflammation and irritation may cause pain to worsen after prolonged exercise. Patients with plantar fasciitis usually do not experience discomfort during exercise, but feel pain afterwards.

Risk factors for plantar fasciitis

Although plantar fasciitis can occur without a real cause, there are certain factors that can make it more likely to develop:

• Age: People between the ages of 40 and 60 are at high risk of developing plantar fasciitis.
• Foot mechanics: High arch, flat feet or incorrect gait can affect weight distribution when standing. This can cause additional stress on the plantar fascia.
• Some types of physical activity: long distance running, aerobic exercise and ballet dancing are all activities that place too much stress on the heel and attached tissues. This can lead to plantar fasciitis.
• Obesity: too much weight places additional stress on the plantar fascia.
• Activities that require long standing: The plantar fascia can be damaged if you spend most of your time standing or walking, especially on hard surfaces. Teachers and factory workers are at increased risk.

Diagnosis of plantar fasciitis

The first diagnostic procedure for plantar fasciitis is a physical examination. It includes checking for soreness around the foot, as well as exact location of pain in the plantar fascia . This is done to make sure the pain is not the result of another foot problem.

Your doctor may advise you to flex your foot while applying pressure to the plantar fascia during the examination. This helps determine if the pain gets worse when you flex your foot and improves when you point your toe. Because of this, doctors can also determine if you have slight swelling or redness.

In addition, the doctor will check the following to determine muscle strength and nerve condition;

• Reflexes
• Muscle mass
• Sense of touch
• Coordination
• Balance

In most cases, additional examinations are not needed. The doctor may recommend magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or X-rays to make sure another problem (a fracture or sprain) is not causing the pain.

An X-ray may reveal a spur (a piece of bone protruding from the heel bone). Bone spurs can be the cause of heel pain and are removed surgically. However, most people with bone spurs on their heels do not experience heel pain.

Treatment for plantar fasciitis

Initial treatment is usually done at home with anti-inflammatory drugs, plenty of rest, ice and use of weight-bearing splints. Other common forms of treatment include;

• Medications

Some pain medications, including naproxen sodium and ibuprofen, can relieve the pain, inflammation, discomfort, and pain associated with plantar fasciitis.

• Injection

If symptoms persist even after a home treatment trial, a corticosteroid injection is given directly into the affected ligament. The doctor uses ultrasound to determine the ideal injection site. Injection is not the only route of administration, as corticosteroids can be applied directly to the skin of the heel or arch of the foot. This is followed by the painless application of an electric current to allow the drug to penetrate the muscle.

• Physiotherapy

Plantar fasciitis can be treated with physiotherapy as it stretches the Achilles tendons and plantar fascia. Training strengthens the muscles of the legs, stabilizes movements and reduces the load on the plantar fascia.

• Extracorporeal shock wave therapy

If all other alternatives are useless and the pain persists, your doctor will recommend extracorporeal shock wave therapy. So far, it has not been found to relieve the symptoms of plantar fasciitis. In addition, it causes pain and has many side effects. These include inflammation, bruising, and numbness. This wave therapy involves sound waves bombarding the heel to heal the ligament. Once all of the above treatments have been tried and the pain persists, surgery is your next option.

• Night splints

Your therapist may recommend a splint. Putting on a splint while you sleep is supposed to help stretch your calves and arches. Wearing a splint at night helps stretch the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia as the splint keeps them in a stretched position.

• Orthopedics

To help distribute pressure evenly in your feet, your doctor may recommend medical insoles. These can be both standard insoles and custom-made ones.

• Ultrasonic Tissue Repair

The use of ultrasound technology is used in the treatment of plantar fasciitis and soft tissue problems. The procedure includes imaging to determine the location and extent of damage. The doctor then makes a small incision and guides the tip of the probe using ultrasound. It vibrates rapidly and destroys the damaged tissue of the plantar fascia, which is then suctioned off. The whole procedure takes only a couple of minutes, and there are few complications.

• Surgery

Surgery becomes an alternative when the pain becomes so severe and all previous methods have failed. This may be an open procedure or a small incision under local anesthesia. It involves separating the plantar fascia from the calcaneus, which helps relieve tension by completely removing the heel spur or part of the plantar fascia. The surgeon can use all of the above operations to achieve the best results.

Plantar Fasciitis Exercises

Plantar fasciitis can be alleviated and even avoided by gently stretching the ligaments. Stretching the calf as well as the plantar fascia relaxes the muscles and relieves heel pain.

After training, including running, it is very important to rest so that the plantar fascia can recover. Swimming or other moderate exercise will help keep you fit and will also reduce heel pain. If you start running after a break, do it slowly at first.

To prevent pain from reoccurring, take a break and stretch during exercise. Also try stretching before starting your workout. Stretching the plantar fascia is easy to do. It only takes a few things, including a chair and a foam roller or a bottle of frozen water.

The following exercises can help you recover from plantar fasciitis;

Heel Raise: is for the person to stand on their toes and then slowly lower themselves onto their heel to support the wall. Do two or three sets until your legs get tired. Performing this exercise causes a build-up of strength in the muscles, and after repeated exercises, you can eventually stand on one leg. Further progress is to stand on one foot, placing the heel on the edge of the step, and then move on to lowering to the heel.

Calf Stretch: in this exercise you should stand straight with one foot in front and the other behind and stand on the wall. With your back straight, bend your front knee and lunge with your hips, keeping your back leg forward and straight and your heel pressed down. Do this on each side and hold the calf stretch for thirty seconds.

Towel fold: when you are sitting, place the towel on the floor directly under the affected leg. In this exercise, you only need to bend your toes inward, towards the body, trying to crumple the towel.

Rolling pin: Place your feet flat on the floor while sitting on a chair. Roll your foot on a rolling pin or a bottle of frozen water to loosen and relax your plantar fascia. Do this exercise for at least two to three minutes.

Extend the toes: cross the affected foot on the opposite knee while sitting on a chair. To stretch the base of your foot, stretch your toes. While massaging the lower part of the foot, hold it for about 10 seconds. Do this at least three times.

Rolling the towel: Place the towel on the floor under the affected leg while sitting in a chair. After that, press your toes to the body and squeeze the towel with your hands. Do it at least ten times more.

Plantar Fascia Release

If you have a normal range of motion in your ankle but still experience heel pain, your doctor may suggest a partial relaxation technique. The plantar fascia ligament is slightly cut during surgery to reduce tissue stress. If you have a more prominent bone spur, then it may also be removed. Although endoscopic surgery is possible, it is more difficult using an open incision. In addition, endoscopy is associated with an increased risk of nerve damage.

Home remedies for plantar fasciitis that can minimize pain and inflammation:

RICE method:

When pain first occurs, it is helpful to take weight off the injured foot. The RICE approach can be used as first aid for a foot injury. This technique includes:

• Rest in the sore or painful area for several days
• Apply ice to the affected part for about 20 minutes at a time to relieve inflammation.
• Compress the area with a soft wrap to reduce swelling.
• Place your foot on pillows to lift the injured area. It mainly helps during sleep.

Shoe insoles:

Shoe insoles provide additional arch support. The plantar fascia becomes less tense with inserts. This can be especially helpful for people who spend a lot of time on their feet. Arched inserts that are soft and supportive can also be helpful.

For more information, always consult an orthopedist, a doctor who deals with foot health.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help reduce both pain and inflammation. However, before taking this drug, you must follow the directions on the package or seek medical advice. Many people notice an improvement in their symptoms after a few weeks of taking NSAIDs.

Massage

Massage has been found to help some patients with symptoms of plantar fasciitis. Focus on massaging the arch of the foot where the plantar fascia has been torn or injured. Massage all surrounding muscles that have become tense due to pain. It is believed that massaging the arch of the foot with an ice bottle provides relaxation.

It may take up to a year for the fascia to fully recover and the pain in the foot to disappear. However, you will recover much faster if you exercise regularly. Supportive footwear and other therapies can also speed up recovery. Ask a physiotherapist what treatments are right for your feet.

Plantar Fasciitis Prevention

Plantar fasciitis can be prevented by making lifestyle changes. Change your athletic shoes annually and wear comfortable shoes with better arch support. If you are an athlete, change every pair of athletic shoes every 400-500 miles.

Incorporate low-intensity exercise such as swimming or cycling into your daily routine. Run regularly so as not to overload the plantar fascia. Be sure to stretch your Achilles tendon, calves, and plantar fascia before exercising.

Do your best to maintain a healthy weight. If you are overweight, try to lose weight to relieve pressure on the plantar fascia.

Plantar Fasciitis Recovery

Plantar fasciitis usually resolves after a few months of home care. Rest, cold and stretching are some of the home treatments.

Stabilizing the foot with tape will also help restore the plantar fascia. This limits the range of motion of the ligaments. Taping the foot can also temporarily relieve pain and discomfort, according to some studies.

You can also use kinesiology tape or zinc oxide tape. You can rewind the foot yourself to facilitate the healing process, although this may take some practice.

What to Expect with Plantar Fasciitis

Pain will be greatest when you first get out of bed in the morning or after sitting for a long time. Expect severe pain to increase as a result of high performance activities. However, keep in mind that this is usually not for long if you stick to your treatment plan. To reduce symptoms, you should adjust some of your daily habits.

Complications of plantar fasciitis

If you don’t notice your heel pain, it can become chronic. This can change the way you walk and lead to injuries to your limbs, knees, back, and hips.

Steroid injections and other treatments can damage the plantar fascia ligament. This leaves him vulnerable to plantar fascia tear.

Operations to remove the plantar fascia are associated with various risks, such as infection, bleeding, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. On the other hand, detachment of the plantar fascia can also change the foot and cause nerve damage.

Plantar fasciitis in children

Plantar fasciitis can develop in children in the same way as in adults, due to excessive stress on the ligaments or wearing old and inappropriate shoes. It is very important to consult a doctor to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment because the disease tends to worsen over time.

To relieve pain, inflammation or irritation, apply ice to the child’s heel. Massage can also help in the healing process. To help the foot recover, make sure the child gets plenty of rest and refrain from running, standing, and jumping for long periods of time.

Remind the child to do warm-up exercises and stretch the plantar fascia when he resumes his daily activities so that the problem does not reoccur. You should also make sure they are wearing comfortable and well-fitting shoes. Another condition that can cause heel pain in a child is Achilles tendinitis.

Plantar Fasciitis and Heel Spur

A heel spur is a bony hook that develops on the heel bone. This can happen due to prolonged stress on the foot, like plantar fasciitis. An orthopedic surgeon may use x-rays to evaluate a heel spur.

Most people usually think that a heel spur is causing them pain in their feet, which is not always the case. Heel spurs are most often asymptomatic.

Plantar fasciitis and heel spurs share the same causes:

• Worn or unsuitable shoes
• Obesity or overweight
• Arthritis
• Walking or running with an irregular or unnatural gait 90 044

You are more likely to develop a heel spur if you you have plantar fasciitis. Although heel spurs do not heal without surgery, they rarely cause discomfort or other problems. As a result, surgery is rarely required.

Heel spurs can be treated in the same way as plantar fasciitis. To relieve any symptoms, you should rest, apply ice, take painkillers, and put on shoe insoles.

Summary

The plantar fascia is a thick band of tissue that runs from the heel to the ball of the foot and reinforces the arch of the foot. The structures of the foot can be loaded incorrectly due to the incorrect position of the foot, putting pressure on the fascia. The injury can also damage the tendon fascia of the foot or ankle.

Plantar fasciitis can be mild or chronic. Most patients do not always require surgery to relieve pain. Instead, the problem tends to improve over time with home remedies, physical therapy, and other treatments.

Khreschatyk. No. 73. – Korbach (Germany), 2016

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