What is Metamucil used for. How does Metamucil work. What are the side effects of Metamucil. How should Metamucil be taken. What precautions should be considered when using Metamucil. Can Metamucil interact with other medications. Is Metamucil safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Understanding Metamucil: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Uses

Metamucil is a widely recognized brand of fiber supplement that contains psyllium husk as its primary active ingredient. This bulk-forming laxative is primarily used to alleviate constipation and promote regular bowel movements. However, its benefits extend beyond digestive health.

What are the main uses of Metamucil?

• Treating constipation
• Promoting regularity
• Managing high cholesterol levels
• Supporting overall digestive health

The versatility of Metamucil lies in its ability to increase the bulk of stool while simultaneously softening it. This dual action facilitates easier passage through the intestines, providing relief from constipation and promoting regular bowel movements.

Metamucil’s Role in Cholesterol Management

Beyond its primary use as a laxative, Metamucil has shown promise in managing cholesterol levels. When used in conjunction with a balanced diet, psyllium-based supplements like Metamucil may help reduce LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often referred to as “bad” cholesterol.

How does Metamucil impact cholesterol levels? The soluble fiber in psyllium husk can bind to cholesterol in the digestive tract, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. This mechanism may contribute to lower overall cholesterol levels, supporting heart health when used as part of a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular wellness.

The Science Behind Metamucil: How It Works in Your Body

Understanding the mechanism of action of Metamucil can help users appreciate its effectiveness and use it more appropriately. The key to Metamucil’s functionality lies in its main ingredient: psyllium husk.

What happens when you consume Metamucil?

1. Psyllium husk absorbs water in the intestines
2. The fiber swells, forming a gel-like substance
3. This bulk stimulates intestinal contractions
4. The stool becomes softer and easier to pass

This process not only aids in relieving constipation but also helps regulate bowel movements over time. The increased bulk and softness of the stool make it easier for the body to maintain regular elimination patterns, promoting overall digestive health.

The Importance of Proper Hydration

For Metamucil to work effectively, adequate fluid intake is crucial. The psyllium husk requires water to swell and create the desired bulk. Without sufficient hydration, the supplement may not only be less effective but could potentially lead to digestive discomfort or even obstruction.

How much water should be consumed with Metamucil? It’s recommended to take each dose with at least 8 ounces (240 milliliters) of water or other liquid. This ensures proper dissolution of the powder or adequate lubrication for the capsules, facilitating safe and effective passage through the digestive system.

Proper Usage and Dosage Guidelines for Metamucil

Adhering to proper usage guidelines is essential for maximizing the benefits of Metamucil while minimizing potential side effects. The dosage can vary based on the form of the product, individual needs, and the specific health concern being addressed.

How should Metamucil be taken for optimal results?

• Follow the instructions on the product label or as directed by a healthcare provider
• Take with a full glass of water or other liquid (8 ounces/240 milliliters)
• For powder forms, mix thoroughly and drink immediately
• Chew wafers completely before swallowing
• Maintain consistent timing, preferably at the same time(s) each day

It’s important to note that the effects of Metamucil may not be immediate. It typically takes 1 to 3 days for the supplement to start working effectively. Consistency in usage is key to experiencing the full benefits of the product.

Adjusting Dosage for Different Age Groups

The appropriate dosage of Metamucil can vary depending on age and specific health needs. Children, adults, and seniors may require different amounts to achieve optimal results.

What are the general dosage guidelines for different age groups?

• Adults and children 12 years and older: 1 rounded teaspoon in 8 ounces of liquid, 1 to 3 times daily
• Children 6 to 11 years: 1/2 rounded teaspoon in 8 ounces of liquid, up to 3 times daily
• Children under 6 years: Consult a healthcare provider before use

These guidelines are general recommendations. Individual needs may vary, and it’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized dosage instructions, especially for long-term use or specific health conditions.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions When Using Metamucil

While Metamucil is generally considered safe for most individuals when used as directed, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects and take necessary precautions. Understanding these aspects can help users make informed decisions and use the product safely.

What are the common side effects of Metamucil?

• Gas or bloating
• Stomach cramping
• Mild nausea
• Changes in bowel habits

These side effects are typically mild and often resolve as the body adjusts to the increased fiber intake. However, if these symptoms persist or worsen, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

Serious Side Effects and When to Seek Medical Attention

While rare, more serious side effects can occur. It’s crucial to be aware of these and seek immediate medical attention if they arise.

What serious side effects require immediate medical attention?

• Chest pain
• Vomiting
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Signs of allergic reaction (rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness)
• Rectal bleeding

These symptoms could indicate a severe allergic reaction or other serious complications. Prompt medical evaluation is essential in such cases to prevent potential health risks.

Precautions and Contraindications

Certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid using Metamucil altogether. Understanding these precautions is crucial for safe usage.

Who should be cautious or avoid using Metamucil?

• Individuals with known allergies to psyllium or other ingredients
• Those with difficulty swallowing
• People with intestinal blockages or other gastrointestinal disorders
• Individuals experiencing sudden changes in bowel habits lasting more than two weeks
• Those with undiagnosed rectal bleeding

It’s always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions or those taking other medications.

Interactions Between Metamucil and Other Medications

Understanding potential drug interactions is crucial when incorporating Metamucil into your health regimen. The fiber in Metamucil can affect the absorption of certain medications, potentially impacting their effectiveness.

How can Metamucil interact with other medications?

• It may decrease the absorption of some oral medications
• Timing of Metamucil intake relative to other medications is important
• Certain medications may require dosage adjustments when taken with Metamucil

To minimize potential interactions, it’s generally recommended to take Metamucil at least 2 hours before or after other medications. This timing helps ensure that other drugs are properly absorbed and can work as intended.

Specific Medication Interactions

While Metamucil can potentially interact with various medications, some specific interactions are worth noting.

What medications are known to interact with Metamucil?

• Diabetes medications (e.g., metformin)
• Thyroid hormones
• Certain heart medications
• Anticoagulants (blood thinners)
• Some cholesterol-lowering drugs

If you’re taking any of these medications or other prescription drugs, it’s essential to consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist before incorporating Metamucil into your routine. They can provide guidance on proper timing and any necessary adjustments to your medication regimen.

Metamucil During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Safety Considerations

The use of Metamucil during pregnancy and breastfeeding is a common concern for many women. While fiber supplements can be beneficial during these periods, it’s important to understand the potential implications and consult with healthcare providers.

Is Metamucil safe during pregnancy?

Generally, Metamucil is considered safe for use during pregnancy when taken as directed. The natural fiber in psyllium husk can help alleviate constipation, a common issue during pregnancy. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen during pregnancy.

Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers

The safety of Metamucil during breastfeeding is less clear, primarily due to limited research in this area.

What should breastfeeding mothers consider when using Metamucil?

• It’s unknown if psyllium passes into breast milk
• No adverse effects have been reported in breastfed infants
• Adequate hydration is crucial for both mother and infant
• Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended

While the risk appears low, breastfeeding mothers should discuss the use of Metamucil with their healthcare provider to weigh the potential benefits against any possible risks.

Maximizing the Benefits of Metamucil: Tips for Optimal Use

To fully harness the benefits of Metamucil, it’s important to use it correctly and incorporate it into a healthy lifestyle. Here are some tips to help you get the most out of this fiber supplement.

How can you optimize your use of Metamucil?

• Start with a low dose and gradually increase to avoid digestive discomfort
• Maintain consistent daily use for best results
• Drink plenty of water throughout the day
• Combine with a balanced, fiber-rich diet
• Use in conjunction with regular physical activity

Remember that Metamucil is a supplement to, not a replacement for, a healthy diet. Incorporating a variety of high-fiber foods into your meals can enhance the benefits of Metamucil and support overall digestive health.

Lifestyle Considerations for Digestive Health

While Metamucil can be an effective tool for managing digestive issues, it works best when combined with healthy lifestyle habits.

What lifestyle factors can complement the use of Metamucil?

• Regular exercise to promote intestinal motility
• Stress management techniques to reduce digestive stress
• Adequate sleep to support overall health and digestion
• Mindful eating practices to improve digestion
• Limiting processed foods and increasing whole food intake

By adopting these habits alongside the use of Metamucil, you can create a comprehensive approach to digestive health that addresses multiple aspects of your well-being.

In conclusion, Metamucil offers a range of benefits for digestive health and potentially for cholesterol management. By understanding its proper use, potential side effects, and interactions, users can safely incorporate this fiber supplement into their health regimen. As with any dietary supplement, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure it’s appropriate for your individual needs and health status.

Metamucil Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Uses

This medication is used to treat constipation. It increases the bulk in your stool, an effect that helps to cause movement of the intestines. It also works by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making the stool softer and easier to pass.Psyllium, one type of bulk-forming laxative, has also been used along with a proper diet to treat high cholesterol.

How to use Metamucil 0.4 Gram Capsule

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. If you are self-treating, follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. To prevent choking from this medication, take it with a full glass of water or other liquid (8 ounces/240 milliliters). If you are taking the wafers, chew them thoroughly before swallowing.

For powder forms of this medication, measure each dose according to the directions on the product label. Mix in a full glass of water or other liquid (8 ounces/240 milliliters), stir completely, and drink right away. You may add more liquid to the mixture if it becomes too thick. When preparing the medication, be careful not to breathe in the powder since it may rarely cause an allergic reaction.

Dosage is based on your age, medical condition, and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take this drug more often than directed.

This product may decrease the absorption of other medications you may be taking. Take this product at least 2 hours from your other medications. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information or if you have any questions.

It may take 1 to 3 days before this medication starts working. Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day. Do not take this medication for more than 7 days unless directed by your doctor.

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse, or if bleeding from the rectum occurs. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Side Effects

Gas or stomach cramping may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this product, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

This product must be taken with at least a full glass of water or other liquid (8 ounces/240 milliliters) so that it will not swell in the throat, causing choking. Get medical help right away if after taking this product you have symptoms of choking such as: chest pain, vomiting, difficulty swallowing/breathing.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking this bulk-forming laxative, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: stomach/intestinal blockage, difficulty swallowing, appendicitis or symptoms of appendicitis (such as nausea/vomiting, sudden or unexplained stomach/abdominal pain), a sudden change in bowel habits that lasts for longer than 2 weeks, bleeding from the rectum.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Some products may contain sugar and/or aspartame. Caution is advised if you have diabetes, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit/avoid these substances in your diet. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before using this medication.

It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

See also How To Use section.

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Does Metamucil 0.4 Gram Capsule interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

Keep all medical and lab appointments.

Lifestyle changes that may prevent or relieve constipation include exercising, drinking enough water, and eating a proper diet with fiber-rich foods such as bran, fresh fruits/vegetables. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about lifestyle changes that might benefit you.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Different brands of this medication have different storage needs. Check the product package for instructions on how to store your brand, or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Metamucil Uses, Side Effects & Warnings

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Generic name: psyllium [ SIL-ee-um ]
Brand names: Hydrocil, Konsyl, Laxmar, Metamucil, Natural Fiber Therapy, Reguloid
Drug class: Laxatives

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Dec 26, 2022. Written by Cerner Multum.

What is Metamucil?

Metamucil is a bulk-forming fiber supplement with laxative properties. It used to treat occasional constipation or bowel irregularity.

Metamucil may also help lower cholesterol when used together with a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fat.

Metamucil may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Warnings

Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.

Before taking this medicine

You should not take Metamucil if you have ever had an allergic reaction to it.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if Metamucil is safe to use if you have ever had:

• stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting;

• trouble swallowing; or

• a sudden change in bowel habits lasting longer than 2 weeks.

This medicine may contain sugar, sodium, or phenylalanine. Check the medication label if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, phenylketonuria (PKU), or if you are on a low-salt diet.

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing.

Do not give Metamucil to a child younger than 6 years old without medical advice.

How should I take Metamucil?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor.

Metamucil can swell in your throat and cause choking if you don’t take it with enough liquid. Drink plenty of fluids each day to help improve bowel regularity.

Take Metamucil with a full glass (at least 8 ounces) of water or other liquid.

Swallow Metamucil capsules one at a time.

Metamucil powder must be mixed with liquid before you take it. Do not swallow the dry powder. Mix with at least 8 ounces of liquid such as water or fruit juice. Stir and drink this mixture right away. Add a little more water to the glass, swirl gently and drink right away.

Metamucil usually produces a bowel movement within 12 to 72 hours.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse.

Metamucil may be only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes diet, exercise, and weight control. Follow your doctor’s instructions very closely.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since Metamucil is used when needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. Skip any missed dose if it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not use two doses at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while taking Metamucil?

Avoid breathing in the dust from Metamucil powder when mixing. Inhaling this medicine dust may cause an allergic reaction.

If you take Metamucil as part of a cholesterol-lowering treatment plan, avoid eating foods high in fat or cholesterol or your overall treatment will not be as effective.

Metamucil side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Metamucil may cause serious side effects. Stop using Metamucil and call your doctor at once if you have:

Common side effects of Metamucil may include:

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Metamucil?

Metamucil can make it harder for your body to absorb other medicines you take by mouth, possibly making them less effective. If you take any oral medicines, take them 2 hours before or 2 hours after you take this medicine.

Other drugs may affect Metamucil, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using.

Popular FAQ

Metamucil and MiraLAX are both brand names for over-the-counter laxatives. This means they help you move feces through your bowels. Metamucil is used to help you have regular bowel movements if you have occasional constipation and you can use it every day. MiraLAX is used to treat occasional constipation. It contains a substance called polyethylene glycol. You should not use it for more than 7 days. Continue reading

More FAQ

• Is it normal to have rubber like jelly in the stool when taking Metamucil?
• What to do for bloating while taking Metamucil?
• Metamucil – does it accelerate acid reflux?

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More about Metamucil (psyllium)

• Check interactions
• Compare alternatives
• Reviews (69)
• Side effects
• Dosage information
• Patient tips
• During pregnancy
• Support group
• Drug class: laxatives
• Breastfeeding
• En español

Patient resources

• Patient Information
• Metamucil (Psyllium Powder)
• Metamucil (Psyllium Wafers)

Other brands

Reguloid, Hydrocil, Konsyl, Laxmar, Natural Fiber Therapy

Related treatment guides

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Constipation
• Dietary Fiber Supplementation

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

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Copyright 1996-2023 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 9.01.

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• Ilya

  June 19, 2019

  Treatment of constipation

  Metamucil is a constipation treatment with a pleasant taste. It is convenient to take – you dilute the powder in water and drink it. The product contains fibers that not only help to cleanse the intestines, but at the same time help to reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood. Which is especially good for people who are prone to fullness. Metamucil is a constipation treatment with a pleasant taste. It is convenient to take – you dilute the powder in water and drink it. The product contains fibers that not only help to cleanse the intestines, but at the same time help to reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood. Which is especially good for people who are prone to fullness.

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Treatment of Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation develops in the intestinal wall, which often extends to deeper layers, leads to digestive disorders (severe diarrhea, malnutrition, weight loss) and can cause some serious complications. Crohn’s disease is a precancerous condition: in such patients, the risk of developing a malignant tumor in the colon is significantly increased.

There is no cure for Crohn’s disease. However, modern treatments can significantly reduce symptoms and even lead to long-term remission. Many patients lead active, fulfilling lives. In International Clinic Medica24 , all modern methods of combating this disease are used. Our experienced doctors use the latest generation of medicines, perform surgical interventions of any complexity in an operating room equipped with modern equipment.

Our expert in this area:

Sergeev Petr Sergeevich

Deputy chief physician for medical work. Oncologist, surgeon, chemotherapist, Ph.D.

Call a doctor
Reviews of the doctor

Causes of the disease and risk factors

The exact causes of Crohn’s disease are unknown. Previously, it was believed that certain dietary habits and chronic stress lead to the disease. It has now been established that these factors can contribute to the progression of pathological changes in the intestine, but do not lead to them directly. According to modern concepts, Crohn’s disease develops as a result of the influence of various factors:

• Disruption of the immune system. Immunity begins to react incorrectly to pathogens and attack the body’s own tissues, including the intestinal wall. It is believed that certain bacterial or viral infections lead to this disorder. However, it has not yet been possible to establish which pathogens have this effect.
• Heredity. 20% of patients have close relatives who have previously been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. It is possible that certain genes are responsible for the predisposition to the disease. But in many patients, the family history is not burdened at all.
• Features of the intestinal microflora and the influence of external factors. Their role is currently under discussion.

Some risk factors are also known:

• Age. Crohn’s disease can develop in any age group, but is most commonly diagnosed in people in their 30s.
• Ethnic origin. Most often, Crohn’s disease is diagnosed in whites, especially Ashkenazi Jews. But at present, the prevalence of the disease is growing among the black population of the United States and Great Britain.
• Smoking. This is the most significant risk factor that can be influenced. A bad habit not only contributes to the development of the disease, but also makes its course more severe. Smokers with Crohn’s disease are more likely than non-smokers to need surgery.
• Taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). For example, ibuprofen belongs to this group. These drugs do not increase the risk of developing Crohn’s disease, but they can cause inflammation in the intestines, which can make it worse.

Symptoms

Crohn’s disease can progress in many different ways. Sometimes its symptoms increase gradually, and sometimes they appear suddenly. Different sections of the intestine may be involved in the pathological process, depending on this, in accordance with the Montreal classification, there are several forms of the disease:

All three forms can be associated with lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract, rectum, anus. In rare cases, the upper intestine and anorectal zone are affected separately.

If less than 6 months have passed since the onset of the first symptoms, then they speak of an acute course of Crohn’s disease. The chronic course is continuous and recurrent – when, during treatment, the patient has remissions for more than 6 months, and then a relapse occurs again. Depending on how long the bowel is affected in the aggregate, Crohn’s disease can be localized (less than 30 cm) or widespread (more than 100 cm).

Symptoms depend on all these features. In the active stage, Crohn’s disease can manifest itself with symptoms such as diarrhea, fever over 38 degrees, pain and cramps in the abdomen, constant fatigue, ulcers on the oral mucosa, blood in the stool, loss of appetite, weight loss. Some patients develop fistulas in the anus, holes that connect the intestine to the surface of the skin. At the same time, pain is disturbing, the contents of the intestine are released from the fistula.

In severe cases of Crohn’s disease, a number of extraintestinal manifestations may occur: inflammatory changes in the skin, eyes, joints, inflammation of the liver, bile ducts, iron deficiency anemia, kidney stones.

Possible complications of Crohn’s disease:

• Intestinal obstruction. As ulcers heal, scars form in the intestinal wall, blocking the intestinal lumen and impairing the passage of stool. In such cases, surgical treatment is indicated.
• Ulcers. They can appear not only in the intestine, but also on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, in the anus.
• Fistulas. These are pathological openings that can connect loops of the intestine to each other, to other organs (for example, the bladder, vagina), the surface of the skin in the anus.
• Abscess. This term refers to a cavity with pus. In Crohn’s disease, it is formed as a result of purulent inflammation in the fistula.
• Anal fissure is a small tissue tear. It can become infected or lead to a fistula.
• Exhaustion. Diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps can make it difficult to eat and absorb important substances. Because of this, the patient loses a lot of weight. Some patients develop B12 deficiency anemia because vitamin B12 is not absorbed.
• Cancer. Crohn’s disease is a precancerous condition and increases the risk of colon cancer. In addition, patients receive immunosuppressive therapy. These drugs suppress the immune system and increase the risk of developing lymphoma, skin cancer, and a number of other malignant neoplasms.
• Thrombosis. Crohn’s disease increases the risk of blood clots in the vessels of the lower extremities.

Diagnostic methods

The following diagnostic methods are used to detect pathological changes in the intestines in Crohn’s disease:

• Colonoscopy scope. During this procedure, the endoscopist examines the entire length of the intestinal mucosa and, having detected pathologically altered tissues, can immediately remove their sample and send it to the laboratory for histological examination (biopsy). Detection of inflammatory elements – granulomas – during the study of tissue under a microscope helps to confirm the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.
• The Video Capsule Endoscopy can be used as an alternative to colonoscopy in some cases. The patient is asked to swallow a small capsule containing a miniature video camera. It passes through the entire digestive tract and records the image.
• Computed tomography helps to assess the condition of not only the intestines, but also other organs. Often, CT enterography is performed – CT in combination with the use of a contrast solution. This study has now almost completely replaced radiography with contrast, which was widely used in the past.
• Magnetic resonance imaging is particularly useful for evaluating fistulas.
• Balloon-assisted enteroscopy is an endoscopic examination of the small intestine using a special endoscope and balloon tube. During this procedure, as well as during a colonoscopy, a biopsy can be performed.

Laboratory tests for Crohn’s disease include complete blood count, infection tests, coprogram, stool test for occult blood, parasitic infections.

Treatment of Crohn’s disease

There is no single treatment regimen for Crohn’s disease for all patients. Therapy for each patient is selected individually, and in some cases surgical interventions are also indicated. The main goals of treatment are to reduce the inflammation that causes the symptoms of the disease, minimize the risk of complications, and improve prognosis. If it was possible to reduce the symptoms and improve the quality of life of the patient, this can be considered a success. In the best case, a long-term remission can be achieved.

The main directions in the treatment of Crohn’s disease:

• diet;
• drug therapy;
• surgical interventions;
• psychosocial support.

Dietary guidelines

There is no universal diet that can improve the condition of all patients with Crohn’s disease. First of all, the patient must figure out which foods cause deterioration in him, and try to exclude them from the diet. The task of the diet for Crohn’s disease is to unload the intestines, give it a “rest” so that it can recover.

Foods that most often aggravate the course of the disease: alcohol in any form, butter, mayonnaise, margarine, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, chocolate, corn, dairy products (if the patient is lactose intolerant), fatty, fried foods, high fiber foods, lentils, beans, legumes, cabbage, broccoli, onions, nuts and seeds, raw fruits and vegetables, red meat, spicy foods, whole grains, bran.

The patient is advised to keep a food diary, write down everything he ate in it, make notes about his well-being. This helps to identify all unwanted foods and choose the optimal diet. Some types of food do not have to be completely abandoned. For example, if raw vegetables aggravate symptoms, you can try eating them boiled. If meat causes problems, then you can try switching to minced meat. Making a diet is a certain work that takes some time, and it must be done by the patient together with the attending physician and nutritionist.

Many patients, especially those with symptoms of bowel obstruction, are advised to avoid fiber-rich foods. This is necessary to reduce the volume of stool and prevent the development of intestinal obstruction.

Drug therapy

Since Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease, its treatment is often started with anti-inflammatory drugs: They have powerful anti-inflammatory effects, but are not effective in all patients with Crohn’s disease. Corticosteroids may be used short-term (within 3 to 4 months) to reduce symptoms or achieve remission. In some cases, they are combined with immunosuppressants – drugs that suppress immune responses. Currently, glucocorticosteroids are usually resorted to when other methods of treatment do not help the patient.

immunosuppressants also suppress inflammation by suppressing the immune system. They are often used in combination to increase the effectiveness of treatment:

• Azathioprine and mercaptopurine are the two immunosuppressive agents most commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. During the course of treatment, the doctor must carefully monitor the patient’s condition, monitor blood counts. Immunosuppressants can weaken the immune system enough to increase the risk of developing dangerous infections. In addition, they can lead to inflammation of the liver. If these complications began to develop, the doctor should identify them in a timely manner and change the treatment regimen.
• Methotrexate is used in some patients who are not responding to other treatments. This drug can also cause serious side effects and requires monitoring of the patient’s condition, laboratory parameters during the course of therapy.

Biological Therapies (Bios) target specific proteins that are produced by the immune system. This is a modern group of medicines, it includes:

• Natalizumab (Tysabri) and vedolizumab (Entivio) prevent certain immune system proteins – integrins – from interacting with intestinal mucosal cells. Natalizumab can cause a very dangerous complication – progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy – so the indications for its use are very limited. No such risks have been identified for vedolizumab.
• Infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), and certolizumab pegol (Cimsia) belong to the group of TNF inhibitors. They block an immune system protein called tumor necrosis factor.
• Ustekinumab (Stelara) is the most recent and most recent drug. It affects the effect of interleukin, a protein involved in inflammation.

Some antibiotics are also used for Crohn’s disease, eg ciprofloxacin, metronidazole. It is believed that antibacterial drugs help destroy pathogens that have led to a malfunction of the immune system. In addition, antibiotics help to reduce the outflow of the contents of fistulas and abscesses, and sometimes completely eliminate them.

All drugs described above are drugs that help control Crohn’s disease. Simultaneously, symptomatic therapy is carried out. Prescribe drugs that help to cope with the manifestations of the disease:

• Antidiarrheal drugs. Drugs such as metamucil and methylcellulose help manage mild to moderate diarrhea. Loperamide helps with severe diarrhea.
• Analgesics. In some cases, painkillers such as acetaminophen (paracetamol), ibuprofen, naproxen are used for Crohn’s disease. However, in some cases, they can aggravate the course of the disease and worsen the symptoms.
• Vitamins and minerals . They can be prescribed if, due to malnutrition, the necessary substances do not enter the patient’s body.

Surgical treatment

There are 4 groups of indications for surgical treatment in Crohn’s disease:

1. Medication failure when medications fail to relieve symptoms.
2. Acute complications : intestinal bleeding, perforation (hole formation) of the intestinal wall, toxic dilatation of the colon (a rare complication in which the intestine expands more than 6 cm and there are signs of intoxication – poisoning of the body with substances that enter the blood through the intestinal wall).
3. Chronic complications : strictures (cicatricial narrowing) of the intestine, infiltrate in the abdominal cavity, intestinal fistulas, neoplasia (changes in mucous membrane cells that can lead to the development of a malignant tumor).
4. Growth retardation – usually seen with upper bowel disease.

According to statistics, more than 70% of patients with Crohn’s disease need surgical treatment at one time or another. The decision to have an operation is always very difficult, doctors try to make it only in extreme cases. The specialists at the Medica24 International Clinic always carefully evaluate all potential benefits and risks, and if necessary, we convene consultations with the participation of experts.

In most cases of Crohn’s disease, bowel resection is performed – removal of part of it. This helps reduce symptoms, but does not lead to a complete cure. May relapse in another part of the bowel:

The risk of relapse can be reduced with medication. Smoking cessation is an important preventive measure. However, 50% of patients require further surgery. The larger the area of ​​the intestine that has to be removed, including during subsequent resections, the higher the risk of developing a complication – short bowel syndrome . Due to the loss of a large part of the intestine, the absorption of nutrients is disturbed, intestinal insufficiency develops. This condition manifests itself in the form of diarrhea, weight loss, general weakness, anemia, edema, muscle cramps, signs of hypovitaminosis.

Whenever possible, doctors try to resort to organ-preserving operations. For example, with intestinal strictures, interventions are performed aimed at restoring the normal width of its lumen: stricturoplasty, dilatation of strictures.

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Prognosis

There is no cure for Crohn’s disease. Most often it proceeds for a long time with periods of exacerbations and remissions. Sometimes the course is very heavy, with excruciating pain. However, modern treatment makes it possible to ensure a normal quality of life for most patients: they can do their usual activities, work, and experience little to no symptoms. Disability occurs in 10% of cases.

Mortality rates from Crohn’s disease are currently low. Most patients die from malignant tumors of the intestine. Therefore, all people with Crohn’s disease should be regularly observed by a doctor, undergo recommended screening studies. In some cases, death occurs from complications of thrombosis.

At International Clinic Medica24 , the most modern methods of treatment are used in accordance with the latest international recommendations.