Hives – ACAAI Patient

Chronic hives occur almost daily for more than six weeks and are typically itchy. Each hive lasts less than 24 hours. They do not bruise nor leave any scar. They typically do not have an identifiable trigger.

If your hives last more than a month or if they recur over time, see an allergist, who will take a history and perform a thorough physical exam to try and determine the cause of your symptoms. A skin test and challenge test may also be needed to identify triggers.

Therapies range from cool compresses to relieve itching to prescription antihistamines and other drugs, such as anti-inflammatory medications and medications that may modify your The immune system plays a role in the control of cancer and other diseases, but also is the culprit in the phenomena of allergies, hypersensitivity and the rejection of transplanted organs, tissues and medical implants."}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":8963,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16777215],"11":4,"12":0,"16":10}">The immune system is a collection of cells and proteins that works to protect the body from potentially harmful, infectious microorganisms (microscopic life-forms), such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. The immune system plays a role in the control of cancer and other diseases, but also is the culprit in the phenomena of allergies, hypersensitivity and the rejection of transplanted organs, tissues and medical implants.</span>” rel=”tooltip”>immune system.

Is It Hives or Angioedema?

Angioedema – swelling of tissue beneath the surface of the skin – can be mistaken for, or associated with hives. It can be caused by allergic reactions, medications or a hereditary deficiency of some enzymes. The following symptoms may indicate angioedema:

• Swelling in the eyes or mouth
• Swelling of the hands, feet or throat
• Difficulty breathing, stomach cramps or swelling of the lining of the eyes

The best way to identify your symptoms is to talk to an allergist who can diagnose and treat both hives and angioedema.

Diagnosis

In some cases, the trigger is obvious – a person eats peanuts or shrimp, and then breaks out within a short time. Other cases require detective work by both the patient and the physician because there are many possible causes. If the hives have gone on for a long time, the cause is not usually identified.

A single episode of hives does not usually call for extensive testing. If a food allergy is suspected, consider keeping track of what you eat. This will help you discover whether there is a link between what you’re eating and when you break out with hives.

Chronic hives should be evaluated by an allergist, who will ask about your and your family’s medical history, substances to which you are exposed at home and at work, exposure to pets or other animals and any medications you’ve taken recently. If you have been keeping a food diary, show it to your allergist.

Your allergist may want to conduct skin tests, blood tests and urine tests to identify the cause of your hives. If a specific food is the suspected trigger, your allergist may do a skin-prick test or a blood test to confirm the diagnosis; once the trigger is identified, you’ll likely be advised to avoid that food and products made from it. In rare instances, the allergist may recommend an oral food challenge – a carefully monitored test in which you’ll eat a measured amount of the suspected trigger to see if hives develop. If a medication is suspected as the trigger, your allergist can conduct similar tests, and a cautious drug challenge – similar to an oral food challenge, but with medications – may also be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Because of the possibility of </span>” rel=”tooltip”>anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction, these challenge tests should be done only under strict medical supervision, with emergency medication and equipment at hand.

In cases where vasculitis (inflammation of the blood cells) may be the cause, your allergist may conduct a skin biopsy and send it to a specialist to examine under a microscope.

Management and Treatment

Researchers have identified many – but not all – of the factors that can cause hives. These include food and other substances you take, such as medications. Some people develop hives just by touching certain items. Some illnesses also cause hives. Here are a few of the most common causes:

• Some food (especially peanuts, eggs, nuts and shellfish)
• Medications, such as antibiotics (especially penicillin and sulfa), aspirin and ibuprofen
• Insect stings or bites
• Physical stimuli such as pressure, cold, heat, exercise or sun exposure
• Latex
• Blood transfusions
• Bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections and strep throat
• Viral infections, including the common cold, infectious mononucleosis and hepatitis
• Pet dander
• Pollen
• Some plants

Antihistamines – available either over the counter or by prescription – are a frequently recommended treatment for hives. They work by blocking the effect of </span>” rel=”tooltip”>histamine, a chemical in the skin that can cause allergy symptoms, including welts. Antihistamines that don’t make you drowsy are preferred. They are effective and long-lasting (may be taken once a day) and have few side effects. Your allergist may recommend a combination of two or three antihistamines to treat your hives, along with cold compresses or anti-itch balms to ease the symptoms.

Severe episodes of urticaria may require temporary treatment with prednisone, a similar corticosteroid medication or an immune modulator, which can reduce the severity of the symptoms.

If your reaction involves swelling of your tongue or lips, or you have trouble breathing, your allergist may prescribe an epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector for you to keep on hand at all times. These can be early symptoms of anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal allergic reaction that impairs breathing and can send the body into shock. The only treatment for anaphylaxis is It is one of two chemicals (the other is norepinephrine) released by the adrenal gland. Epinephrine increases the speed and force of heart beats and thereby the work that can be done by the heart. It dilates the airways to improve breathing and narrows blood vessels in the skin and intestine so that an increased flow of blood reaches the muscles and allows them to cope with the demands of exercise. Epinephrine has been produced synthetically as a drug since 1900. It remains the drug of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis."}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":8963,"3":{"1":0},"4":[null,2,16777215],"11":4,"12":0,"16":10}">Epinephrine is a naturally occurring hormone, also called adrenaline. It is one of two chemicals (the other is norepinephrine) released by the adrenal gland. Epinephrine increases the speed and force of heart beats and thereby the work that can be done by the heart. It dilates the airways to improve breathing and narrows blood vessels in the skin and intestine so that an increased flow of blood reaches the muscles and allows them to cope with the demands of exercise. Epinephrine has been produced synthetically as a drug since 1900. It remains the drug of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis.</span>” rel=”tooltip”>epinephrine. If you develop hives and your injector is not nearby – or if using the auto-injector doesn’t cause the symptoms to immediately improve – call 911 or go to an emergency room immediately. Emergency medical services carry epinephrine and can provide prompt treatment. You should also go to the emergency room after using an auto-injector.

If the cause of hives can be identified, the best treatment is to avoid the trigger or eliminate it:

• Foods: Don’t eat foods that have been identified to cause your symptoms.
• Rubbing or scratching: Avoid harsh soaps. Frequent baths may reduce itching and scratching – beneficial because itching and scratching can make the hives feel worse.
• Constant pressure: Avoid tight clothing. Pressure hives can be relieved by wearing loose-fitting clothes.
• Temperature: If you develop hives when exposed to cold, do not swim alone in cold water and always carry an epinephrine auto-injector. Avoid exposure to cold air and use a scarf around your nose and mouth in cold weather. If you must be out in the cold, wear warm clothing.
• Sun exposure: Wear protective clothing; apply sunblock.
• Medications: Notify your physician or pharmacist immediately if you suspect that a specific medication is causing your hives.

Chronic hives

Some cases of hives last for more than six weeks and can last months or years. This condition is known as chronic hives.

If the cause cannot be identified, even after a detailed history and testing, the condition is called chronic idiopathic urticaria. (“Idiopathic” means “unknown.”) About half these cases are associated with some immune findings. Chronic hives may also be associated with thyroid disease, other hormonal problems or, in very rare instances, cancer. Even this condition usually dissipates over time.

Physical urticaria

In physical urticaria, the hives have a physical cause, such as exposure to heat, cold or pressure.

Common triggers include:

• Rubbing or scratching. This is the most frequent cause of physical urticaria. Symptoms appear within a few minutes in the place that was rubbed or scratched and typically last less than an hour.
• Pressure or constriction. Delayed pressure urticaria can appear as red swelling six to eight hours after pressure (belts or constrictive clothing, for example) has been applied. Symptoms can also occur in parts of the body under constant pressure, such as the soles of the feet.
• Change in temperature. Cold urticaria is caused by exposure to low temperatures followed by re-warming. This can be severe and life-threatening if there is a general body cooling – for example, after a plunge into a swimming pool.
• Higher body temperature. Cholinergic urticaria is due to an increase in body temperature because of sweating, exercise, hot showers and/or anxiety.
• Sun exposure. Solar urticaria may occur within a few minutes after exposure to the sun.

Inflammation of the blood vessels, or vasculitis, can also cause hives. These hives are more painful than itchy, may leave a bruise on the skin and often last more than a day.

Life’s too short to struggle with hives. Find answers with an allergist.

Chigger Bites (for Parents) – Nemours Kidshealth

What Are Chiggers?

Chiggers (also called harvest mites or red bugs) are tiny red, biting mites. Their bites aren’t painful, but do cause intense itching.

Chiggers are members of the arachnid family (the same family that includes spiders and ticks). They are smaller than a period at the end of a sentence. Most can only be seen with a magnifying glass.

Chiggers are found all over the outdoors, including in grassy fields, along lakes and streams, and in forests. It’s the baby chiggers that bite people and animals.

How Do Chigger Bites Happen?

After hatching, baby chiggers wait on plants for people or animals to pass by. When they do, the chigger attaches to them using tiny claws. Once attached, it pierces their skin and injects its saliva (spit). The spit contains digestive juices that dissolve skin cells. The chigger then eats the dissolved cells, which provide the protein it needs to grow into an adult. After a couple of days the chigger falls off, leaving a red bump on the skin.

What Are the Signs of Chigger Bites?

Chigger bites are itchy red bumps that can look like pimples, blisters, or small hives. They are usually found around the waist, ankles, or in warm skin folds. They get bigger and itchier over several days, and often appear in groups.

Chigger bites start to itch within hours of the chigger attaching to the skin. The itch stops after a few days, and the red bumps heal over 1–2 weeks.

If chigger bites happen on the penis, they can cause swelling, itching, and painful peeing. This is known as “summer penile syndrome. “

How Are Chigger Bites Diagnosed?

Doctors can diagnose chigger bites by looking at them and asking about a person’s recent outdoor activities.

How Are Chigger Bites Treated?

Unlike mosquitoes and ticks, chiggers don’t carry disease. So they are not harmful, only annoying. You can usually treat chigger bites at home:

• Scrub chigger bites well with soap and water to help remove any chiggers that are still attached to the skin.
• Holding a cool washcloth over the bites can be soothing.
• Calamine lotion or anti-itch creams can help with the itching.
• Antihistamines (allergy medicine) taken by mouth can sometimes help with itching, especially if your child has trouble sleeping at night.

Discourage kids from scratching at the bites because this can lead to:

• impetigo, a bacterial infection of the skin, with pus and crusts around the bites
• a larger area of increasing redness, swelling, pain, and warmth, called cellulitis

Keeping fingernails short can help prevent skin damage from scratching. Antibiotics may be needed if a skin infection does happen.

When Should I Call the Doctor?

Call your doctor’s office if:

• Over-the-counter creams or lotions don’t help the itching.
• A bite looks infected (watch for warmth, redness, swelling, tenderness, or pus).
• Your son has symptoms of “summer penile syndrome.”

Can Chigger Bites Be Prevented?

To help prevent chigger bites when enjoying the great outdoors:

• Apply an insect repellent with 10%–30% DEET.
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into shoes, especially during hiking. This also can help protect kids from other biting critters like ticks and mosquitoes.
• Take a hot shower after you get back inside, and wash your clothes in hot water. Clothes also can be treated with a specific insecticide to help prevent bites.

Chigger bites aren’t contagious, so kids can’t catch them from someone or give them to somebody else. They can still play sports and do all normal activities unless the itching makes them too uncomfortable.

“SCRATCH” THE CONFUSION AWAY: Hopkins Researchers

Johns Hopkins Medicine
Johns Hopkins Children’s Center
Media Contact: Katerina Pesheva
410-516-4996; [email protected]
June 28, 2006

Children afflicted with insect-bite rashes are often misdiagnosed or referred for extensive and costly tests, but a new, easy-to-remember set of guidelines developed at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center should help.

Called SCRATCH, the letters form a memorable acronym for symmetry, cluster, Rover, age, target/time, confused, household). It is a guide to the symptoms and features that help pediatricians and others to recognize the source of a rash.

Insect-bite skin rashes mimic the symptoms of a variety of conditions, ranging from fungal infections, scabies, allergies and environmental contacts, to HIV-associated dermatoses. Reactions to a bite are often delayed, making it difficult to trace exposure.

“SCRATCH could spare many children and their parents from going through invasive-not to mention expensive-procedures if pediatricians recognize the problem early on,” says Raquel Hernandez, M.D., a third-year resident at the Children’s Center and lead author of the article, published in the July online edition of Pediatrics.

Hernandez and co-author Bernard Cohen, M.D., head of dermatology at the Children’s Center, developed SCRATCH by examining a month’s worth of patient records from visits to the Children’s Center dermatology clinic. They found that the majority of children who were eventually diagnosed with an insect-bite rash had undergone extensive lab tests and skin biopsies before they were referred to Hopkins.

The most common misdiagnosis was scabies, a skin infection caused by a parasite that produces red, itchy lesions. Many of the children were treated repeatedly for scabies.

“These guidelines are really intended to make pediatricians consider insect-bite hypersensitivity as a diagnosis and think twice before referring a child for a skin biopsy or another invasive procedure,” Cohen says.  Using the tool is straightforward, Cohen adds. If the rash fits the SCRATCH criteria, it’s likely bug-borne.

S for Symmetry
Erruptions are usually symmetric and appear on exposed parts of the body, such as face, neck, arms, legs. Younger children may have rashes on their scalps. Diaper areas, palms and soles are not affected. The trunk is rarely affected. By contrast, scabies causes rashes on palms, soles and between toes and fingers.

C for Clusters
Lesions appear in “meal clusters,” described as breakfast, lunch and dinner. The linear or triangular clusters are typical of bedbug bites, but also appear in bites caused by fleas.

R for Rover Not Required
Presence of pets in the household is not a criterion for diagnosis because a bite might occur outside of the home.

A for Age Specific
The condition is most prevalent in children between the ages of 2 and 10.

T for Target Lesions and Time
Target-shaped lesions – named so for their resemblance to the bull’s eye on a target — are typical of insect-bite hypersensitivity. Time indicates the chronic/recurrent nature of the eruptions. Many patients may have delayed reactions and may not experience flareups until months or years after the intial exposure. Most children develop full immunity by age 10 and no longer have recurrent rashes.

C for Confusion
Parents often express confusion and disbelief at the suggestion that there might be fleas or bedbugs in their homes. “One of the primary criteria is that if the parents don’t believe me, I am probably right,” Cohen says.

H for Household with Single Family Member Affected
Unlike conditions that have similar symptoms, such as scabies and atopic dermatitis, insect-bite rashes often appear in a single member in a family.

“Common sense might tell us that fleas and mosquitoes would affect other members of the family, but we must keep in mind that these rashes develop in children who have hypersensitivity that others do not have,” Hernandez said.

###

Founded in 1912 as the children’s hospital of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center offers one of the most comprehensive pediatric medical programs in the country, from performing emergency trauma surgery, to finding causes and treatments for childhood cancers, to delivering a child’s good bill of health. The Johns Hopkins Children Center’s Pediatric Trauma Service is Maryland’s only state-designated trauma center for children. With recognized Centers of Excellence in 20 pediatric subspecialties including cardiology, transplant, psychiatric illnesses and genetic disorders, Children’s Center physicians, nurses and staff provide compassionate care to more than 90,000 children each year. For more information, please visit www. hopkinschildrens.org

Mosquito Bites: Allergy Reactions & Symptoms

Mosquitoes are vectors of malaria, encephalitis and yellow and dengue fevers. Their bite can also cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Why Do Mosquitoes Bite?

Female mosquitoes have piercing mouthparts through which they extract the blood of a host. The protein from gathered blood is used in egg production. Males do not bite and feed on blood. Instead, they get their energy from plant nectars and other sweet substances found in their habitat.

After puncturing the skin with their mouthparts and feeding on blood, mosquitoes leave hard, itchy bumps. In the blood-feeding process, mosquitoes inject saliva into their host which creates the reactions that cause bite symptoms.

Most mosquito bites are harmless and the symptoms subside in a few days. Some discomforting symptoms include swelling of the bite site, soreness, and bleeding. While mosquitoes are an itchy, uncomfortable nuisance, the important problem arising from mosquito bites is transmission of viral or parasitic diseases.

Symptoms & Reactions

Many mosquito species are such stealthy biters that most people never notice their first mosquito bites. Other species are ferocious biters whose bite is moderately painful. The symptoms of mosquito bites include:

• A puffy, white bump appearing a few minutes after the bite often with a small red dot in the middle of the bump
• A hard, reddish bump, or bumps, that shows up about a day after a bite
• Swelling around the bites
• Small blisters instead of hard bumps
• Dark spots that look like bruises

In children and people with immune system disorders, mosquito bite symptoms may include:

• A large area of swelling and redness
• Low-grade fever
• Hives
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Headache

Always seek the advice and assistance of a physician when dealing with mosquito bites.

Allergies

While not particularly painful, the bite of a mosquito can create physiological responses in humans. When a mosquito inserts her proboscis through the skin, her saliva creates a small, red bump. These bumps produce mild to severe itching in many people. Some people may become less sensitive to mosquito saliva through repeated exposure, while others may develop allergic reactions.

 Symptoms of an allergy include blistering and inflammation, as well as asthma like reactions. Mosquitoes also carry diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fevers, malaria and encephalitis and are capable of passing them from host to host.

In most cases, a mosquito bite produces a red, itchy bump, which can bleed if scratched. Those with mild reactions to a mosquito bite can take antihistamines to reduce itching and swelling. Consult a physician before taking any new medications. Over time, some individuals develop immunity to the saliva of a mosquito and do not experience any symptoms at all upon being bitten.

Severe Symptoms

People who spend a great deal of time outdoors or already have compromised or weak immune systems are especially susceptible to mosquito allergies.

More severe symptoms include:

• Blistering rashes
• Bruises
• Excessive swelling
• Anaphylaxis
• Hives
• Asthma attack

In the event of a severe allergic reaction to a mosquito bite, a medical professional should be contacted immediately.

When spending time outside, individuals with known or suspected mosquito allergies should cover their skin in khaki or beige clothing, as mosquitoes are not as attracted to these colors. Because mosquitoes may be attracted to certain smells present in soap, shampoos and lotions, these should be used in moderation and unscented varieties may be less attractive.

Mosquitoes are most active from dusk until dawn. If possible, avoid being outside during these times.

Risks Associated With Infections

As with most insect and spider bites, the risk of secondary bacteria infection exists. In addition, there is a risk of disease transmission from mosquito bites.

How To Identify Bite On Pets

Excessive scratching and minor swelling may be some of the indications of mosquito bites on pets. Much like people, animals may experience allergic reactions to mosquito bites caused by allergic compounds in the mosquito’s saliva.

Repellents

The use of insect repellents is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Repellents should not come into contact with the eyes and mouth, and special care should be taken when applying repellent to small children. The use of citronella or insect repellent may be effective in avoiding bites.

Bite Treatment

After receiving a mosquito bite, a cold compress can be applied to the affected area in order to reduce swelling. Mild antihistamines and anti-itching compounds relieve itching . Anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or naproxen can also be used. A paste made from baking soda and water may prove effective, as will calamine lotion.

Contact your physician before taking any new medications. If you experience more severe symptoms following a mosquito bite, contact a medical professional immediately.

Learn More

Do Mosquitoes Die When They Bite?

Mosquitoes and ticks are both public health pests and vector pests. As public health pests, they can transmit diseases reportable to and tracked by the CDC, and as vector pests, they are able to transfer diseases to humans. This means that mosquitoes and ticks are not simply annoying pests because of their bites – they are pests that should not be ignored, given their potential to possibly cause more serious health problems.

Mosquitoes can transmit diseases such as:

1. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) – Aches and fever are symptoms of EEE, which can also cause brain infections.
2. Malaria – Signs of possible Malaria are fever, vomiting and diarrhea.
3. West Nile virus – Symptoms of West Nile virus can be aches, rashes, severe headaches and fever.
4. Dengue fever – Vomiting, rashes and a fever are common signs of Dengue fever. Another symptom is severe headache.
5. Zika virus – Along with a fever and itching rash, Zika virus can also cause joint and muscle pain.

Ticks can transmit diseases like:

1. Lyme disease – Signs of Lyme disease include fatigue and joint pain. Sometimes Lyme disease can even cause brain inflammation.
2. Rocky Mountain spotted fever – Symptoms can include fever, aches and vomiting. Sometimes these symptoms are accompanied by neurological changes.
3. Colorado tick fever – Fever, muscle aches severe headaches and nausea are all possible symptoms of Colorado tick fever.

Mosquito and Tick Hot Spots on Your Property

You can take steps to help reduce mosquito and tick populations on your property by working with your pest management partner to minimize conducive conditions for each pest. By doing so, you can help reduce the habitats where they thrive. To make these changes, you must first identify mosquito and tick hot spots, which include:

• Building entrances – Ticks thrive in grasses and trees that make up your property’s landscaped areas. Landscaping close to your building entrance allows ticks to hitch a ride onto incoming customers and employees.
• Pools, ponds and water fixtures – Mosquitoes love moisture and can breed in as little as a bottlecap full of water, making these fixtures an enticing attractant.
• Outdoor eating areas and kitchens – These areas contain not only the landscaping and greenery ticks love, but also additional water and food, extending an even warmer invitation to mosquitoes.
• Playgrounds – Surrounded by greenery, playgrounds are also home to other pests, like rodents and rabbits, which can bring ticks with them. These areas are especially important to monitor to keep families safe.

Mosquito and Tick Prevention Tips

To help prevent mosquitoes and ticks from harming your customers, employees and business, consider taking proactive measures. Simple outdoor upkeep can help keep these pests at bay, such as maintaining landscaping; minimizing water build-up; and clearing away brush, fallen leaves, logs and other items they may use as shelter. Adding fans to outdoor areas with heavy foot traffic can help deter mosquitoes further, since they are weak flyers.

Further preventive measures include installing screens on windows and doors to keep pests from entering your building, installing traps in discrete areas and creating a 3-foot wide barrier between trees and grass using wood chips or gravel. Last, consider planting mosquito-repelling plants such as citronella, marigold, mint or lavender.

Hiring a professional to handle mosquitoes and ticks can take the pressure off of you and your employees. In fact, Orkin can help develop a customized plan including a comprehensive inspection, habitat modification, production application as needed and ongoing monitoring and maintenance for your property’s needs. With our assistance, you can do more than help protect your customers and employees – you can help protect your business.

Ready to help declare victory over vector pests this year? Learn more about our mosquito and tick services by scheduling a free audit at your property.

Hives & Bug (Insect) Bites — Acacia Dermatology

Hives, also called “urticaria”, is an allergic reaction that appears on the skin as a red, bumpy, and very itchy rash. The bumps may be referred to as “welts” or “wheals” and can arise anywhere on the body. Most people complain of hives because of the itch, which may also feel like burning or stinging.

Hives have a tendency to migrate around the body. An area of redness or itching may last just a few hours in one spot before fading away and developing somewhere else.

Hives are very common and 10-20% of people will experience hives at least once in their lives.

“Angioedema” is a form of hives that develops in the deeper tissues (subcutaneous) causing significant swelling. This occurs most commonly on the face. Rapidly developing angioedema is a medical emergency.

Acute vs. Chronic Hives

Hives are categorized as “acute” if they last less than 6 weeks, or “chronic” if they last more than 6 weeks.

Acute hives are usually caused by an allergic reaction or viral infection.

Acute hives go away after a few days or week, but may return again after exposure to the allergic trigger. Common triggers of hives includes foods (peanuts, chocolate, fish, tomatoes, eggs, milk), bug (insect) bite & stings and medications (penicillin, sulfa drugs). The cause of acute hives can often be identified

Chronic hives are less likely to be due to an allergy.  They may be caused by stress, autoimmune disorders, hormonal changes or some other systemic problem. Cholinergic urticaria is a type of hives that develops in response to being hot and sweaty. This can follow exposure to sunlight, exercise, hot baths, blushing or episodes of anger.

Unfortunately, most people with chronic hives never determine the trigger of their hives. “Idiopathic urticaria” is the name given to hives when the cause is unknown.

“Dermatographism” is a form of localized hives that develops in the area where the skin is scratched. It is quite common and affects nearly 5% of people.

Treatment for Hives

When the cause of hives is known, the most important step is to eliminate the trigger.

When the cause is unknown (as for most people with chronic urticaria), medications can provide relieve from the symptoms.

Antihistamines provide the firsts step in medical treatment. Antihistamines are very effective when used properly. However, an antihistamin may not provide sufficient relief if the particular medication is not strong enough, the medication is not taken in sufficient doses, or the medication is not taken long enough to suppress symptoms.

Non-sedating anthistamines include:

• Cetirizine (Zyrtec®)
• Desloratadine (Clarinex®)
• Fexofenadine (Allegra®)
• Loratadine (Alavert®, Claritin®)
• Levocetirizine (Xyzal®)

Additional medications may be prescribed if a non-sedating antihistamine alone does not provide sufficient relief.

Sedating types of antihistamines may be suggested for use at night because they tend to cause sleepiness. These include diphenhydramine (Benadryl®), hydroxyzine (Atarax®) and doxepin.

Some of the medications used to control stomach acid can help to control hives. These medications, called h3-receptor antagonists, include cimetidine (Tagamet®), famotidine (Pepcid®), ranitidine (Zantac®), and nizatidine (Axid®),

Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may also be prescribed to rapidly bring the hives under control. Because of theside effects associated with long-term use of corticosteroids, they are usually prescribed for short-term use.

It is important to take your medication as prescribed.

Source: informationrx.com/acaciaderm

Tell the Difference Between Hives and Bed Bug Bites?: Pointe Pest Control

Bed bug bites are often mistaken for hives, mainly because they are both due to an allergic reaction. It’s important those suffering from either are able to differentiate the two because they both require different forms of treatment. Additionally, if you suffer from bed bug bites and think it’s hives, an infestation that’s forming could get out of control. That will make getting rid of them much more difficult. To determine if you are suffering from bed bug bites or hives, there are seven differences you can look for. 

• Their size: Bed bug bites are fairly consistent in size, although two bites close together can look like one very large bite. Usually these bites are no larger than the eraser at the end of the pencil. Hives on the other hand, are varying sizes. Hives can be as big as a quarter or as small as a pimple. 
• Their color: Bed bug bites are always red, although the surrounding skin may appear lighter than normal. Hives range in color from pale to dark red, and even the same color as a person’s skin. Often the surrounding skin is also red. 
• Their shape: Hives and bed bug bites are typically raised from the skin. As they heal, they usually flatten out. Bed bug bites are almost always round, similar to mosquito bites. The edges are also quite even. Hives can be varying shapes, and their edges are typically uneven. 
• Their location: Bed bugs want easy access to blood and so, they’ll choose an area of the skin that’s not covered. When someone is lying in bed, this is typically the arms, legs, or neck. Hives can appear anywhere on the body. 
• Other people: If there is even one person in your household suffering from the same skin irritation as you, it’s likely that you have bed bug bites. If no one else has had any problems, particularly if it goes on for some time, the chances are you’re suffering from hives, which are not contagious. 
• Your history: If you have a history of allergies, consider if you’ve come into contact with anything that could trigger your allergy. If so, it’s likely hives and not bed bug bites. 
• Your home: Does your bedding or mattress have red, rusty spots, or small dots that look like ink from a pen? Do you see eggs and eggshells around the crevices of your mattress? Do you see bed bugs that are alive or dead? If you see any of these things around your home, you have a bed bug infestation. If you check your bedding and other areas, and there are none of these signs, it’s likely you have hives. 

Knowing these differences and things to look for will allow you to seek the medical treatment you need more quickly. 

Papular urticaria | DermNet NZ

Author: Dr Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand, 1997. Updated by Dr Oakley and Dr Karen Koch, Consultant Dermatologist, WITS Donald Gordon Mediclinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. March 2018.

What is papular urticaria?

Papular urticaria is a common reaction to insect and arachnid bites. It is more common in children than in adults [1]. It presents during the summer or autumn months as crops of very itchy red papules and vesicles.

Despite the name, papular urticaria is not true urticaria, which is characterised by temporary wealing that resolves within hours. Weals in papular urticaria last for days to weeks. Papular urticaria is not associated with an internal complaint.

It is also called a persistent insect bite reaction.

Papular urticaria

Who gets papular urticaria?

Papular urticaria most often occurs in children. This is because desensitisation to insect bites has not yet developed [1].

It may also occur in adults, especially in travellers to new environments.  

What is the cause of papular urticaria?

Papular urticaria is thought to be an immunological reaction to insect bites. The reaction dies down after a few months or years, as the person becomes desensitised to them. The initial bite is rarely noticed.

Fleas and mites that live on cats and dogs are most often responsible [4].

• Fleas are easily seen with the naked eye but can be difficult to get rid of. Fleas produce many eggs, which become larvae and pupae. The average cat has only twenty fleas, but may be surrounded by 20,000 of them.
• Mites are too small to see but are an equally common cause of papular urticaria.
• Animals get repeatedly infested and must be treated every few weeks with a leave-on insecticide.  

Not everyone with papular urticaria has pets, and it can be nearly impossible to work out what a patient is reacting to. There have been reports of allergy to mosquitoes, gnats, bird mites, carpet beetles, caterpillars and other insects [1].

A similar disorder, prurigo simplex, is sometimes called ‘chronic papular urticaria’ and affects adults and children. The cause is unknown. It may be a variant of atopic dermatitis.

What are the clinical features of papular urticaria?

Papular urticaria presents with very itchy clusters of red bumps.

• Most often they arise on legs and other uncovered areas such as forearms and face.
• Sometimes papules are scattered in small groups all over the body [3].
• They appear every few days during the summer or autumn months.
• They range from 0.2–2 cm in diameter.
• Each papule has a central punctum.
• Papular urticaria may present as crops of fluid-filled blisters.
• New lesions develop just as old ones start to clear.

Scratching papular urticaria causes the spots to become crusted.

• Secondary bacterial infection causes painful pustules and scabs (impetiginisation).
• Sometimes one new spot provokes old ones to come up again and itch intensely [3].

The spots remain for a few days to a few weeks and can leave persistent hyperpigmented marks (postinflammatory pigmentation) or hypopigmented scars, especially if they have been scratched deeply.

What are the complications of papular urticaria?

Papular urticaria is not dangerous. 

Infected insect bites can lead to cellulitis and rarely, to bacteraemia (sepsis). Localised cutaneous vasculitis may also occur.

What is the differential diagnosis of papular urticaria?

The differential diagnosis of papular urticaria includes:

How is papular urticaria diagnosed?

Papular urticaria is usually a clinical diagnosis. A biopsy may support the diagnosis, as insect bites have a characteristic microscopic appearance.

The histopathology of papular urticaria includes mild dermal oedema, extravasation of erythrocytes, interstitial eosinophils, and exocytosis of lymphocytes. Vasculitic features may be noted.

What is the treatment for papular urticaria?

• Topical steroid cream – this should be applied as soon as the itchy spots appear.
• Antihistamine tablets – these may reduce the size and severity of the spots and reduce itching.
• Antiseptic cream can reduce or avoid secondary infection.
• Wear fully covering clothing.
• Insect repellents can be applied to exposed skin to prevent insect bites when outdoors.
• Insecticides can rid the house, workplace or school, of insects. Obtain professional help from a pest control company if necessary.

Seek veterinary advice regarding management of the infested animal(s).

• Keep pets outside.
• Use a pyrethroid kennel and carpet spray – this should be followed by vacuuming.
• Apply long-lasting insect growth regulator to the neck of cats and dogs.

What is the outcome of papular urticaria?

Papular urticaria is normally self-limiting. The immunological basis of this reaction means that it may take months or even years for children to become desensitised to the offending insect [2]. Papular urticaria may clear up on holiday or on moving house.

Occasionally the eruption can clear for years and then recur unexpectedly.

References

1. Demain JG. Papular urticaria and things that bite in the night. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003;3(4):291-303. PubMed.
2. Hernandez RG, Cohen BA. Insect bite-induced hypersensitivity and the SCRATCH principles: a new approach to papular urticaria. Pediatrics. 2006;118(1):e189-96. PubMed.
3. Steen CJ, Carbonaro PA, Schwartz RA. Arthropods in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(6):819-42, quiz 42-4. PubMed.
4. Stibich AS, Schwartz RA. Papular urticaria. Cutis. 2001;68(2):89-91. PubMed.

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90,000 rash similar to mosquito bites – 25 recommendations on Babyblog.ru

From 3 to 4 December, my son had a high fever (39-40). No snot, no cough. The doctor saw a red throat and diagnosed ARVI. Has prescribed new medications. Instead of the usual genferon (viferon) candles, miramistin in the throat, they prescribed Tsitovir and Hexoral. With Citovir, we did not grow together – the little man felt sick and resisted this drug in every possible way. Hexoral with difficulty, but still squirted. On December 5, the child’s temperature still dropped and seemed to be on the mend, but on 6 in the afternoon after a nap, the child woke up with a rash.Light pink rash in the scalp, bright red behind the ears, in the ears and on the cheeks. They gave 10 drops of fenistil immediately and 15 before bedtime. In the morning the rash was all over the body. In addition to a small rash, there was also a large rash, similar to a combed mosquito bite or very severe diaper rash. On Saturday we went to the skin care department and a dermatologist diagnosed food allergy. Prescribed Enterosgel, Advantan, zinc talker, Suprastin and sodium thiosulfate. By the evening of the same day, the child’s face began to be covered with large red spots. In the morning of this day, the child was swollen and we went to the emergency room of our hospital to see the pediatrician on duty. They gave us an injection of Suprastin, she examined the spotting, she did not make a diagnosis before.

That’s how I wondered what we have?

My child is not allergic. Never had a problem with that. Since the 4th, he eats very badly. On temperature days I did not eat at all, and when the temperature subsided, a couple of tablespoons of porridge and a couple of tablespoons of soup with noodles.

We did the MMR vaccine (Measles, paratitis, rubella) a year.

Roseola? The symptoms are the same as rubella, only there are no inflamed lymph nodes.

The doctor today suggested another enterovirus

Today, they urgently tested for rubella antibodies, for herpes simplex virus type 6 and the clinic. We will wait for the results. Tomorrow we will go to the day hospital in Kozhven to rule out allergies.

Maybe someone came across this? What could it be?

The photo is not ours, but this rash is

Rash in the form of mosquito bites

Possible reasons for the appearance of pimples, similar to mosquito bites in children and adults

Every person has a rash on the body from time to time. They can have a different appearance and cause. If pimples appear on the body, and they itch, but outwardly look like mosquito bites, then you need to see a doctor. A rash may indicate the development of any pathology that is dangerous to humans.

Causes of the rash

A mosquito-like rash occurs for several reasons. It is important to identify the factor that triggered the appearance of the reaction. The effectiveness of the therapy prescribed by the doctor depends on this.

If the rash appeared in the summer, then usually they do not just look like insect bites, but that is exactly what they are. You should be concerned if the rash appears during a period when insects should not be. In such a situation, a rash in the form of mosquito bites is a symptom of pathology.

Urticaria

Blisters with a pale pink tint. Formations rise above the epidermis. The disease affects both adults and children.

Urticaria superficially resembles burns that appear after contact of the skin with the nettle. Hence the name of the pathology. This disease is accompanied by severe itching of the affected areas of the epidermis. Symptoms intensify after the body comes into contact with the causative agent of the disease. This can be plant pollen, pet hair, cosmetics, medications, as well as negative environmental influences.

If there is a rash in the form of mosquito bites and the reason for this is hives, then it is important to identify the allergen and eliminate it. The effectiveness of therapy depends on this.

Allergy

Allergic reactions are also the cause of rashes. Usually blisters, like from insect bites, appear due to the consumption of foods that cause an allergic reaction. Most often, rashes appear after eating seafood, honey, chocolate and milk.

If an allergy occurs in the form of mosquito bites, then it will be accompanied by additional symptoms:

• the rash itches and itches;
• allergic rhinitis and lacrimation appear;
• formations appear rapidly, as a rule, immediately after eating and quickly spread over the skin;
• the rash disappears after the use of antihistamines.

Measles

Recently, more and more people are suffering from pathologies that were previously rare. These include measles. Outbreaks of this disease have been recorded, which affect adults and children. Symptoms that appear immediately after infection are an increase in body temperature, dry cough, redness and swelling of the soft tissues of the throat.

The rash appears on the fifth day of the course of the disease. It is a papule that initially appears on the face and then spreads throughout the body.

If the pathology is not diagnosed in a timely manner and therapy is not started, the infection will affect the digestive, respiratory and nervous systems.

Rubella

As a rule, pathology appears at an early age. A reddish rash appears on the epidermis, which is similar to insect bites, and at the same time, many people who have suffered an ailment say that the rash was itchy and itchy. After some time, the formations become spots, and additional symptoms appear:

• increase in body temperature;
• pain in the head area;
• an increase in the size of the lymph nodes in the occiput and neck region.

Pathology is a danger to any person, but women who are carrying a baby can suffer more from it than others. Rubella leads to stunted growth and mental development of the fetus. To prevent the disease from leading to irreversible consequences, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as itchy rashes appear. This will help to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and begin qualified therapy.

Mosquito Bite Rash: Photo with Explanation

Mosquito Bite Rash, as shown in the photo below, can be small bumps that are chaotic throughout the body in children and adults.This is usually how an allergic reaction manifests itself.

Rashes, like mosquito bites, which appear on the face in the form of small papules, appearing at once in five pieces, usually indicate the development of measles. Pathology manifests itself in the form of itchy formations in an adult and a child.

A small red rash is a symptom of urticaria. The rash is uncomfortable because it is itchy and burning. If you put your hand to the place of formations, then heat will emanate from the epidermis.In the absence of therapy, fluid appears inside the rash and the rash spreads throughout the body.

Formations, like from a mosquito bite, indicate the occurrence of rubella. Pathology is a particular danger for a woman during the period of bearing a baby.

When do you need a doctor’s help?

If a rash appears on the epidermis in late autumn, early spring and winter, which outwardly resembles insect bites, then this may indicate the development of diseases.The rash cannot be ignored, otherwise life-threatening complications may arise.

Do not start self-treatment, especially if the cause of the pathology is unknown. Unqualified therapy will lead to complications that can be irreversible.

It is especially necessary to seek medical help if the following symptoms appear:

• swelling of soft tissues;
• itching in the area of ​​the rash;
• weeping formations appear at the site of the rash.

Do not postpone a visit to the doctor if the rash occupies a significant part of the skin. In such a situation, any delay threatens with irreversible consequences.

Methods of treatment

There are several methods of therapy for pathology. Treatment can only be prescribed by a doctor, and it is based on eliminating the cause that led to the appearance of the rash. Only after that, you can use drugs that directly eliminate formations on the epidermis.

Pharmacy ointments and creams

The specialist prescribes medications to relieve puffiness and itching in the affected areas of the skin. Usually doctors advise using the following drugs:

• Solcoseryl, Acyclovir or Zovirak, if the rash is provoked by the penetration of various infections into the body;
• Panthenol, Claritin, Fenistil and other antihistamines for allergic reactions;
• Elidel and Exoderil for dermatitis.

In infectious pathologies, antiseptic agents should also be used to disinfect the affected area of ​​the epidermis. These include hydrogen peroxide and brilliant green.

In some cases, the doctor prescribes topical preparations that include antibiotics. Such funds will create an obstacle in the affected area through which pathogenic microflora can penetrate into the body.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicines are also used only as directed by a doctor. There are several recipes that have proven to be effective:

• Carrot or potato compresses.A small piece is cut from the vegetable and applied to the affected area for several minutes. Therapy is carried out until recovery. Carrot and potato juice quickly relieve itching and swelling of soft tissues;
• Used tea bags. After brewing, they are applied to the affected area of ​​the skin. The tea leaves soothes irritated epidermis, helps to reduce swelling of soft tissues and eliminate redness;
• Baths with herbal decoction.For the remedy, take a large spoonful of mint, string, chamomile and celandine. The herbs are placed in an aluminum ladle, poured with a liter of boiling water and the container is put on fire. The product is brought to a boil, removed from heat and left to infuse for a quarter of an hour. After that, the broth is filtered and added to the bathroom. It is taken within fifteen minutes. Water procedures are carried out several times a week until recovery. Such manipulations soothe the inflamed epidermis, relieve soft tissue swelling and have a positive effect on the state of the nervous system.
• Aloe compresses. Several pieces of the lowest fleshy leaves are cut from the bush; After that, the plant is crushed. The manipulation is carried out carefully so as not to lose the juice that oozes from the leaves. The resulting mass is applied to the affected area of ​​the epidermis. To prevent the gruel from slipping out, a bandage is placed on top and the compress is fixed with an adhesive plaster. The agent is left on the epidermis for twenty minutes. The procedure is carried out daily until the skin is restored. Aloe helps to get rid of soft tissue swelling, itching and redness.

Care must be taken when using any traditional medicine. Mechanical damage to the rash should not be allowed. If, through negligence, you rip off a pimple, then a serious infection can enter the body through it, which will lead to undesirable consequences.

You can also find out about the most popular causes of rash in children from this video:

Rash in the form of mosquito bites

At any time of the year, a person may develop a rash similar to mosquito bites.Acne is localized throughout the body, causing discomfort. This is caused by various phenomena, and sometimes insects have nothing to do with it. Therefore, it is important to know the symptoms of rashes in order to find the right treatment.

Species

1. Swelling, except for mosquitoes, can be caused by bugs, fleas, scabies, ants, bees. The bite site turns red, itches and flakes. They usually appear on open areas of the skin.
2. Allergy to food and drugs is characterized by itchy rashes of small and large size, nausea, vomiting may occur.The temperature is often elevated. Inflammation can occur chaotically both in open areas of the body and covered with clothing. Therapy consists of taking antihistamines, gastric lavage. It will be useful to go to an allergist to identify the source of the disease.
3. Prickly heat occurs in children in case of overheating of the body. White-pinkish small pimples are close to each other and do not bother the owner with anything other than a cosmetic defect. They will disappear by themselves when the temperature is lowered and hygiene is observed.
4. Allergic urticaria is the body’s reaction to clothing, household chemicals, animal hair, dust. It is characterized by blisters of a pale pink color, resembling burns. Symptoms of the disease are weakness and burning of the skin. The best way to get rid of it is by taking antihistamines and removing the irritating object.
5. Contact dermatosis or molluscum contagiosum – an accumulation of nodules with an abscess inside. They do not hurt and will probably go away on their own after two years. To speed up their disappearance, you need to contact a dermatologist who will prescribe moxibustion with iodine.The disease occurs in an adult and a child equally.
6. With measles, the skin and mucous membranes are covered with rashes. The disease develops as ARVI: there is a cough and a runny nose, the body temperature rises to 39 degrees. Red spots, first appearing on the face, then spread throughout the body. Over time, they acquire a brown color, then disappear.
7. Chickenpox, like the disease described above, is a viral infection. It all starts with sickness and fever.After that, a rash appears, which after 2-3 days turns into tubercles, then bursts.
8. With rubella, red pimples pop up with bumps in the middle. Such swellings are similar to bee or wasp stings. They usually occur on the back, chest, arms, and face. Cold symptoms occur a week before they appear.
9. In meningococcal disease, mosquito-like acne occurs in children because they have little resistance to the disease. After a while, papules of different sizes transform into blue-purple subcutaneous hemorrhages, most often located on the legs.If the temperature rises simultaneously with their formation, then there is a reason to consult a doctor. Since the rapid form of the disease is fraught with death.
10. With scarlet fever, a small red rash, as seen in the photo, spreads over the body, leaving only the nasolabial triangle unblemished. Its largest accumulation is the groin area.
11. Rosa lichen is often confused with roseola – pseudo-rubella, which mainly affects children under five years of age. However, lichen is not characterized by rashes, but only red spots with a diameter of 2-20 cm.With roseola, after a feverish state and a high three-day temperature, the baby’s skin becomes covered with a small convex pink rash. Papules do not hurt, do not itch and disappear without a trace on the third day.

A rash mixed with small bruises indicates diseases of the cardiovascular system. The appearance of papules is possible with hormonal disruptions, pregnancy and menstruation.

When and to which doctor to contact

Experts say that the earlier the diagnosis is made, the easier it is to cure the disease.Therefore, in the event of small acne that itches and swells, it is advisable to see a doctor the next day.

This is a therapist or pediatrician, allergist, dermatologist. After passing the necessary tests, the health worker will prescribe the appropriate therapy.

Advice from a dermatologist … Itching, rash and peeling of the skin signals that the body is screaming about problems. What these symptoms say, we asked the head physician Rykov Sergey Vladimirovich … Read more …

Complications

If treatment is not started on time, a number of problems will arise that affect both appearance and further condition health. These are depressions, scars, increased pigmentation. Skin imperfections will remain for a long time, and maybe forever.

A person’s immunity will decrease, therefore, colds will be his constant companions. Complications after an illness can lead to malfunctions in the work of internal organs, as well as death.

Treatment

After examining the patient, the doctor will prescribe pharmaceutical preparations, some of them:

• “Solcoseryl”, “Acyclovir” – for viral infections;
• “Exoderil”, “Fenistil”, hydrocortisone ointment – will help in the fight against dermatitis;
• “Suprastin”, “Tavegil”, “Panthenol” – cope well with allergies;
• In addition, hydrogen peroxide, Chlorhexidine, brilliant green, potassium permanganate are useful for disinfecting and washing the affected area.

! Use the drugs only after a doctor’s recommendation.

Folk remedies can be used to reduce rashes on the body. Herbal baths based on chamomile, mint, celandine are good for relieving irritations. Aloe relieves inflammation. Slices of fresh potatoes or carrots applied to the rash can help relieve itching.

Prevention

To minimize irritation on the skin, it is enough to adhere to some rules.When going into the forest, wear clothing that covers most of the body. Less exposure to the sun.

Reduce the use of hypoallergenic foods, including: strawberries, citrus fruits, chocolate. Take a shower every day, and more often in hot weather. Avoid overheating and hypothermia of the body, as well as prolonged stressful situations.

Reviews

Lisa:

My son had a rash similar to chickenpox. I immediately panicked and consulted a pediatrician.After examination and test questions, it turned out that the baby had allergic urticaria, which appeared as a result of changing one washing powder to another. The child was prescribed an antihistamine, and I changed the detergent to a proven one.

Vasilisa:

Recently I noticed small pimples on the body in the chest area, they created a lot of inconvenience. I went to the doctor: what is it and what is the reason? As it turned out, this is a common allergy. I returned from Thailand and brought exotic fruits from hot countries that I could not taste there.It was the sweet fruits that caused the disease. Next time I’ll be careful with what I eat.

Conclusion

Doctors warn! Shocking statistics – it is established that more than 74% of skin diseases are a risk of infection by parasites (Ackapida, Giardia, Tokcokapa). Glists inflict colocular harm to organism, and our immune system is the first to suffer, which must protect organism from various diseases. The head of the Institute of Parasitology shared a secret, how quickly to get rid of them and cleanse their skin, it turns out to be sufficient… Read more …

Small rashes are not uncommon and are sometimes considered a mere trifle. But do not neglect the problem, which may indicate a serious disorder of the body. If you do not initially contact a specialist, then a small nuisance can develop into a major disease.

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Rash in the form of mosquito bites: photos, description of pathologies, treatment

Rash in the form of mosquito bites is a sure sign of allergy.The main thing is not to confuse it with true bites of mosquitoes and other insects, after which swollen blisters pop up on the skin. It is even more important to recognize in time a dangerous disease, which is characterized by similar symptoms.

What causes a mosquito-bite rash?

Red papules can pop out for the following reasons:

1. Insect bites.
2. Food allergy.
3. Urticaria.
4. Prickly heat.
5. Infections.

To distinguish a true bite, attention should be paid to the localization of the red bumps.They are usually located on open areas of the body – arms, legs, face. There is hardly a single element under thick clothing. There is always severe itching, and a microscopic point can be seen in the center of the inflammation.

Bites of fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, midges and bedbugs cannot appear in only one family member. The insects in the room attack everyone. Most often, papules are found after sleep. But if a rash in the form of mosquito bites popped up in winter, when there is not a single parasite nearby, then this is a reason to think about other causes of pathology.

Rash like mosquito bites photo

Food allergy

A reaction may occur to any product. For example, citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, cocoa, milk, honey, seafood. It is easy to recognize an allergic rash by the following signs:

• the presence of bumps and spots of different sizes, located chaotically throughout the body and face, often merged with each other;
• sudden appearance of elements a few minutes or hours after eating or taking medication;
• an increase in the number and growth of the size of spots literally before our eyes;
• Rapid reduction in the number of rashes after taking an antihistamine.

It is important to cleanse the body of toxins as soon as possible with the help of sorbents. If it is not possible to independently determine the allergen, then it is better to consult a doctor.

Urticaria

An adult mosquito bite rash is an allergic dermatitis. The pale pink blisters, slightly rising above the surface of the skin, resemble nettle burns and itch badly. At the initial stage, small red spots can be observed, barely rising above the surface of the skin.The acute form of the disease lasts no more than two weeks and is characterized by the appearance of many bubbles with liquid on the skin. Chronic pathology does not disappear for years.

In this case, the rashes either turn pale, then appear more clearly. The reaction occurs after contact with an allergen, which can be dust, pollen, animal hair, medicine, hygiene product, perfumery, household chemicals, cold, solar radiation. It is important to identify the irritant and stop contact with it. To make you feel better, antihistamines are prescribed.

Measles

Measles outbreaks worldwide have increased in recent years. The spread of the virus is facilitated by the active movement of anti-vaccines and a large number of children who have not undergone the mandatory vaccination. It is important to understand that measles is a flying infection. The pathogen can be caught by airborne droplets. There are known cases of the spread of the disease through the ventilation system. It all starts with a sudden rise in temperature, runny nose and dry cough, redness of the eyes and throat.

Small papules surrounded by spots appear on the 4–5 day on the face, then go down, gradually spreading throughout the body. Children under the age of 5 years get sick more often, half of whom die. There is a high probability of damage to the nervous, respiratory, digestive systems. There is not a single drug in the world that can defeat the virus. That is why timely vaccination is so important to protect the child from death. In vaccinated children, the disease is mild and never gets complicated.

Rubella

This viral infection is also more common in childhood. At first, the rash looks like a measles, then turns into spots. The body temperature rarely rises, but there is a headache, an increase in the cervical and occipital lymph nodes, conjunctivitis. The disease is mild and considered harmless. However, if a woman contracted the virus at the beginning of pregnancy, then for the fetus it is fraught with congenital pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, hearing and vision organs.It is recommended to vaccinate girls during puberty.

Meningococcal disease

Acute disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and begins with inflammation of the nasal mucosa. With a weakening of local immunity, meningococcus penetrates deeper and enters the bloodstream, which leads to sepsis. Mosquito bite rashes are more common in children as they are more susceptible to disease. Roseolous-papular elements have different diameters and disappear with pressure.

A few hours later, there are purple-cyanotic hemorrhages under the skin, localized mainly on the lower extremities. 1-2 days after the onset of the disease, necrosis, ulcers and other irreversible defects form. The fulminant form of infection ends in toxic shock and death. An increase in body temperature simultaneously with the onset of a rash is an unambiguous reason to call an ambulance. In this case, the countdown is not in days, but in hours.

Rash in the form of mosquito bites itches in adults – causes, photos, treatment

Sometimes on the body you can see strange rashes that resemble mosquito bites in their appearance.There are many explanations for this phenomenon. In some cases, it indicates a disease that is currently developing in the body. Although the causes of such pimples may not be dangerous. In order to understand exactly what exactly could lead to the problem, it is advisable to be examined by a competent specialist.

A rash that looks like a mosquito bite can appear for the following reasons:

1. Prickly heat.
2. Urticaria.
3. Allergic reaction.
4. Infection.
5. Insect bites.

To understand what exactly led to the rash, a thorough examination of the problem area will help. You need to pay attention to exactly where the pimples are located – on the face, arm, abdomen or leg. The presence of accompanying symptoms, for example, irritation and itching, is also taken into account.

In the summer, people rarely have questions about why pimples have formed on their skin. Everyone is accustomed to blaming various insects for this, for which it is common to attack a person and feed on his blood.

Anxiety occurs when mosquito-like pimples are found in winter. In this case, the rash can be attributed to a disease that develops inside the body.

Urticaria

A child and an adult may show signs of urticaria in the form of pimples, which resemble marks after bites of blood-sucking insects.

Urticaria is recognized by pale pink blisters that rise slightly above the surface of the skin.

They resemble a kind of burns that occur after contact with nettles. This rash will itch a lot.

An increase in the severity of urticaria symptoms occurs after a person’s interaction with any irritant. This can be pet hair, pollen, medicines, perfumery and cosmetic products, solar radiation and even low temperatures. It is very important to identify what exactly brings discomfort and immediately stop contacting him.

Food Allergy

Strange spots, which strongly resemble ordinary mosquito bites, appear on different parts of the body after a person eats a food that provokes an allergic reaction.

This usually happens after eating seafood, citrus fruits, milk and honey. Chocolate products and natural honey are often the culprits of malaise.

This disorder is recognized by its characteristic symptoms:

• The appearance on the skin of small bumps and specks that differ from each other in size. Their location is chaotic.
• The formation of similar elements some time after the use of a certain product or drug.
• Rapid disappearance of the rash after taking the drug with an antihistamine effect.
• Instant increase in the size of pimples and their rapid growth.

In case of allergies, it is required to immediately cleanse the body of toxic substances that cause a deterioration in health. Sorbents help to cope with this task.Also, do not forget about antihistamines.

Measles

More recently, measles was a relatively rare disease. But recently, outbreaks of the disease have noticeably increased.

This is because a minimal percentage of people today agree to be vaccinated against measles. The disease makes itself felt with an unexpected increase in temperature, redness of the throat and dry cough.

Around the 5th day of infection, small papules develop.They are located on the face and gradually spread to different parts of the body.

If untreated, the likelihood of infection of the digestive, nervous and respiratory systems increases.

Rubella

Another viral infection commonly diagnosed in young children. With it, a rash appears, which is somewhat reminiscent of the marks of insect bites.

Gradually pimples turn into visible spots. Along with this, other symptoms of the disease arise:

• Swollen lymph nodes in the back of the head and neck.
• Increased body temperature.
• Headaches.

This disease poses the greatest threat to pregnant women. The pathological process can interfere with the development of the fetus, which is fraught with various disorders in the functioning of the organs of vision, blood vessels and the heart.

Rash like mosquito bites – photo

When you need a doctor’s help

If blisters appear, like from bites of blood-sucking insects, you should seek medical help.

Unfortunately, many people do not attach much importance to these symptoms, so they begin to treat them on their own. If the rash is caused by a pathological process, then these actions will only aggravate the situation.

It is strictly forbidden to refuse medical help if, in the presence of a rash in the form of mosquito bites, a person has the following symptoms of malaise:

1. Itching and swelling of soft tissues.
2. Increased body temperature.
3. The appearance of weeping wounds at the site of the blisters.

An alarming symptom is that the rash covers most of the body. In this case, you definitely need to see a specialist in order to find out the cause of the violation.

Recommended:

Rash and irritation around the child’s mouth;

Why elbows itch – http://ozude. ru/itching/cheshutsya-lokti/;

A red rash on the arms and legs.

Treatment

If the rash that looks like a mosquito bite is very itchy, thereby causing serious discomfort to the person, you need to start treating it.The same applies when it is caused by infectious diseases.

If an allergic reaction is to blame for the appearance of spots, then the use of tablets and ointments is mandatory, which reduce the intensity of its clinical signs.

With the development of prickly heat, it is necessary to begin to more carefully monitor the hygiene of your own body. It is required to wash your hands more often with soap and control the room temperature. It should not exceed 20 degrees above 0.

Pharmacy ointments and creams

If acne resembling a mosquito bite itches and causes swelling, the doctor will suggest treatment with the following medications:

• For a viral infection – Zovirax, Solcoseryl “,” Acyclovir “.
• In case of an allergic reaction – Eplan, Panthenol, Pantoderm, Claritin, Suprastin.
• For dermatitis – Fenistil, Exoderil, Elidel.
• For infectious lesions – antiseptics, for example, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and brilliant green. Additionally, you need to take care of the cleanliness of those places that are covered with blisters.

Doctors recommend additionally treating painful spots with the help of pharmacy ointments. The most optimal are those drugs that contain antibacterial substances.The antibiotic will protect the affected area from pathogenic microflora entering it.

It will not be possible to eliminate the rash only with the help of preparations that are intended for the external treatment of problem areas. Treatment of the underlying disease that caused pimples in the form of mosquito bites will be required. Also recommended are courses of therapy aimed at preventing exacerbations of chronic pathologies that have a symptom such as a rash.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine can help to reduce the severity of symptoms that have arisen with a rash on the skin of the body in the form of mosquito bites. She offers several methods to improve the patient’s condition. Help with pimples:

1. Tea bags. After brewing, they must be applied to the affected areas. So you can quickly get rid of severe irritation.
2. Carrot or potato juice. It copes with inflammation and itching. It is best not to squeeze it out of the vegetables, but simply apply them to the pimples with the fresh cut side.
3. Herbal collection. For itching and rashes, it is recommended to take medicinal baths, in which a decoction of celandine, string, chamomile and mint is added.These procedures soothe the skin well and have a general strengthening effect on the body.
4. Aloe. This plant is excellent at relieving inflammation. For treatment, you will need its crushed leaf. Aloe gruel is applied to the blisters and fixed with an adhesive plaster. It is advisable to hold such a compress for about 20 minutes.

There are many more home remedies in alternative medicine that can help you deal with an unpleasant problem. The most important thing when treating them is to prevent infection, since in the process you can accidentally touch a pimple and tear it off.

Lifestyle changes

It’s not just pills, ointments and home remedies that help get rid of mosquito bites faster and prevent future rashes. Changes in the usual way of life can contribute to this.

First of all, a person needs to completely revise their diet. It is very important to exclude from it foods that can provoke allergic reactions. For the period of treatment, it is advisable to refuse:

1. Chocolate.
2. Milk.
3. Strawberries.
4. Citrus.
5. Cheese.
6. Nuts.
7. Baking.

Sometimes dairy products and exotic fruits are banned. Additionally, you will need to exclude salty, smoked, fried and pickled dishes from the diet. Soups and cereals should be their replacement. Foods are best steamed with a minimum amount of salt.

Stress and bad habits can worsen the patient’s situation. Therefore, he should avoid the influence of these factors on his body in order to recover faster. It is advisable to refuse visiting the solarium and beaches, so as not to expose your skin to sunlight again. It is best to use sunscreen when walking in the warm season.

It is worth giving preference to clothing made from natural fabrics. It is good if it does not tightly tighten the body. You will have to completely forget about synthetics, since they do not allow the skin to breathe fully.Because of this, pimples begin to appear, which often resemble mosquito bites.

90,000 Undergo an insect bite allergy diagnosis and receive treatment recommendations in Moscow

In the Department of Allergology of the Clinical Hospital on Yauza, you can receive both emergency help in case of a severe reaction to a bite, and undergo a comprehensive diagnosis to identify the exact causes of an allergic reaction.

Allergy to insect bites (insect allergy) is a pronounced reaction of the body to poisons that enter the body as a result of an insect bite. The proteins contained in these poisons can trigger a response in the form of redness, swelling, severe itching, etc. Experts note that the number of deaths as a result of bee and wasp stings exceeds the number of deaths after snake bites.

Insect bite allergy symptoms

Most people react in one way or another to an insect bite: redness appears on the skin, there may be slight swelling of tissues, swelling, itching or soreness. However, the allergic reaction is more pronounced and in some cases can be life threatening.

The reaction to the bite can be normal, local or allergic. Normal is the appearance of redness and swelling at the site of the bite, a slight itching that goes away rather quickly. A local reaction is the spread of the swelling beyond the bite, and the spread can go far enough. But this condition does not belong to an allergic reaction and does not pose a threat to a person; the swelling goes away without any treatment within a few hours.

An allergic reaction to an insect bite can be mild (pain, swelling, a local increase in skin temperature at the site of the bite, rash) or acute. An acute reaction is the most dangerous, develops quickly (within 5-20 minutes after the bite) and has the following symptoms:

• heavy breathing, difficulty swallowing;
• rapid pulse, shortness of breath;
• perspiration, a sharp rush of blood to the face, followed by pallor;
• urticaria, which can spread throughout the body;
• swelling of the face, neck, lips;
• hyperexcitability.

If a patient has a moderate reaction to insect bites, then it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of the state: over time, it can turn into an acute one.
As a result of an insect bite, Quincke’s edema can begin, which poses a serious threat to life.

Causes and pathogenesis of insect bite allergy

We have already said that a pronounced reaction is caused not by the fact of the bite itself, but by the components of the poison that the insect injects into the wound. The researchers note that the most dangerous for humans are the bites of hymenoptera insects: wasps, bumblebees, hornets, bees, red ants.

Factors that contribute to allergic reactions to insect bites include:

• heredity;
• a number of internal diseases;
• bad ecology;

90,054 eating disorders.

Diagnostics and treatment of allergy to insect bites at the Clinical Hospital on Yauza

As a rule, patients know which insect bites cause a pronounced reaction in them. If necessary, a blood test for immunoglobulins can be done at the Clinical Hospital on Yauza, as well as a consultation with a dermatologist.

Treatment of a moderate allergic reaction includes taking antihistamines (by mouth and topically). If the patient knows that he may develop an acute allergic reaction, then the doctors of the Clinical Hospital on Yauza select an option for emergency treatment for him.Also, in case of an acute reaction, it is recommended to urgently contact the nearest medical institution.

Cost of services

You can look at prices for services in the price list or check the phone number indicated on the website.

90,000 The doctor explained why mosquito bites should not be combed

Mosquito bites can cause parasitic worms. This information was shared by the leading researcher of the research department of the Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-borne Diseases named after Marcinovsky Sechenov University Lyudmila Ganushkina.

“A mosquito bite can be very dangerous. Mosquitoes generally hold leading positions in their harmfulness to humans. In addition to the fact that they are bloodsuckers, they are also carriers of pathogens of various very serious diseases. Their bites can cause allergies. In addition, mosquitoes both in Moscow and in most of the territory of Russia are infected with dirofilariae and, when bitten, can transmit them to humans. Mosquito infestation ranges from 2 to 5%. As a rule, after an infected mosquito has bitten a person, the helminth begins to grow and parasitize in the human body.After some rather long time, it will either come to the eyelid, or it will appear under the skin, or it will remain in the body for a long time. In any case, the larva is moving, and if you feel any incomprehensible sensations in the body, if a papule has formed, then you already need to consult a doctor, ”said the expert.

According to her, to prevent the problem, you need to wear body-covering clothing and a hat. Ganushkina added that it is impossible to cope with mosquitoes using folk methods.

“Garlic and clove infusions are often offered. Yes, they help for a while, but they do not protect 100%. If mosquitoes attack in large numbers, then, of course, folk remedies cannot be protected. Wormwood, for example, scares away mosquitoes indoors, but no folk remedies can protect 100% if there are a lot of mosquitoes and they very actively attack a person, ”she explained.

People with allergies can “acquire” hives after a mosquito bite. And if you comb the bite site, you can contract an infectious disease.Galina Tereshchenko, an allergist-immunologist of the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Department of Health, spoke about this:

“Multiple bites, especially in people prone to allergic reactions, can cause systemic allergic reactions and lead, for example, to urticaria, which requires immediate medical attention. Mosquito saliva is not a source of infection, however, if the skin is damaged during scratching, pathogenic bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci and others) can enter the wound.This leads to the development of bacterial (pustular) skin diseases, which are superficial and deep and can cause serious complications. In addition, after severe scratching, traces up to scars may remain on the skin for a long time. ”

“Symptoms such as shortness of breath, facial swelling, common itchy skin blisters, abdominal pain, low blood pressure, fever are signs of serious life-threatening conditions and require immediate medical attention.With the development of infectious complications, an untimely visit to a doctor, antibiotic therapy not started on time can cause a serious threat to health, ”she added.

Tereshchenko also commented on folk methods of fighting mosquitoes:

“Many people use a vinegar solution, soda solutions to relieve itching, but it is important to remember that these funds, especially in children and when applied abundantly, can also irritate the skin, so it is better to use special creams or ointments.If it is obvious that an infection has got into the bite site, that is, an abscess has formed (the bite site is hot to the touch, it hurts), in no case should you try to open it yourself. This can be extremely dangerous, especially if the infection occurs in the head area. In this case, you must definitely consult a doctor. ”

–
mos.ru

90,000 Summer Poison. What to do if you are allergic to insect bites? | HEALTH

In the summer we all go out into nature, work in the country.And here unpleasant surprises can lie in wait for us. Blood-sucking and poisonous insects can not only ruin the rest, but also cause serious health problems. Allergist-immunologist, associate professor of the Department of Immunology, P.G. Academician E.A. Wagner Dmitry Shilov told the AiF-Prikamye correspondent how to protect oneself from bites, as well as help oneself and one’s loved ones in time.

Who is at risk?

You can avoid encountering insects if you don’t go outside at all.More and more people are showing an unhealthy reaction to the bites of bloodsucking. The reasons are a hereditary factor and an unfavorable environmental situation. Allergy sufferers are certainly at risk. It must be understood that if a person has an allergy, then the body can begin to react negatively to anything and at any time. The trigger can be climate change, pregnancy and other factors.

What are the most dangerous insects?

The most severe consequences occur after the bites of hymenoptera, which inject poison.These are wasps, bees, bumblebees. Wasps often nest in the ground. That is why when you are in the woods, try not to go barefoot. They can also nest in bushes. Wasps, as well as bees, can easily be bumped into at the summer cottage. To avoid meeting them, always inspect the premises: there are no bee hives and wasp nests there. If you find them, it is advisable to process the nest and then remove it. There are also a lot of wasps and bees in the markets, as there are a lot of vegetables and fruits.

How to avoid wasp and bee stings?

If an insect flies next to you, first of all, do not wave your arms or make sudden movements.It will intuitively perceive such a reaction as a threat and will begin to attack. It is necessary to send such guests out carefully or just wait until they lose interest in you.

It is worth remembering that insects love sweets: sweets, sweet water, fruits. Remember this when dining in nature. They are also attracted to floral scents. So using a perfume with such a scent can play a cruel joke on you. Sunscreen lotion can also attract insects if it contains wax. So it is better to read the composition when buying a product.Also bees and wasps are attracted by bright clothes.

What to do if bitten?

The reaction to the sting of Hymenoptera – bees, wasps and others – can be very severe. If you already have allergies, then you should always have an individual first aid kit with you. It should contain: adrenaline (0.1%), an injectable antihistamine (Suprastin, Tavegil) and corticosteroid preparations also in an injectable form (for example, Prednisolone). Also – needles, tourniquets. You must carry a passport of a patient with an allergic disease with you.You can get it from an allergist-immunologist.

If you have been stung by a wasp or a bee and you know that you have an allergy, then you need to inject adrenaline subcutaneously, apply a tourniquet 15-20 centimeters above the bite site. It is necessary to prick the bite site with small doses of the drug. Therefore, it is better to use an insulin syringe. Then intramuscularly, in the front of the thigh, inject corticosteroid and antihistamines.

If an allergic reaction occurs for the first time, then you need to put cold on the site of the bite, if possible, keep the part of the body where the insect has bitten at rest.It is also worth using antihistamine ointments – for example, “Fenistil”, and also take tablets of cetrizin (“Cetrin”) or “Loratadin”.

Which reaction of the body is dangerous?

The reaction can be local: edema, redness with a diameter of at least 10 centimeters, which last for at least 24 hours. And also severe itching. It is worth worrying when there is a rash all over the body, itching, malaise, anxiety. If the head begins to spin, pains in the heart and abdomen occur, and diarrhea begins.

It is especially dangerous if the mouth and throat are swollen. A person cannot swallow, coughs, fear arises. These are signs of a severe reaction that can cause suffocation and death. Taking medications on time can reduce the risk, however, in this case, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Where is the mosquito allergen?

Mosquitoes accompany us at the dacha, on a hike, in nature, when we are going with friends to eat barbecue. Mosquitoes keep up with people at night.It is clear that they need to survive, but we also need to defend ourselves. The reaction to bites can be very painful.

Allergen after the bites of gnats – midges, mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects – enters the body with their saliva. A common reaction is redness and itching at the site of the bite. More often than not, this is the end of it. However, there are also people whose bite site swells up to several centimeters. Less than 1% of the population has an even more serious reaction: hives, a rash all over the body, severe itching, and may even rise in temperature.In this case, our expert advises to immediately consult a doctor.

What to do if the bite site is severely swollen and itchy?

First of all, it is worth applying a local antihistamine, for example, “Fenistil” and similar preparations. If no changes have occurred, then you can try to apply topical glucocorticosteroid drugs, that is, hormonal ointments. For example, “Elokom”. Don’t know who bit you, and the place hurts and itches? Elokom-S can help with salicylic acid or Akriderm-GK (contains antibacterial substances).However, strong drugs are usually not needed.

Are repellents effective?

Yes. Before going out into nature, it is worth treating your skin and clothing with special repellents, which are sold in every store. However, you should always read the instructions carefully. Some of them cannot be applied to the skin.

There are special plates for the house, there is their analogue for use in field conditions. These drugs are not harmful to humans. There are also special bracelets on sale, although the benefits of them have not been proven in any way.They can only be effective if they contain a repellent.

Among the popular ways there is one – you can sprinkle on a mosquito from an ordinary bottle of varnish. The varnish will glue the wings of the insect.

So, in order to protect yourself from wasps, bees and mosquito bites, you need to remember that:

1. Bite allergies can occur suddenly, often in adulthood.
2. Read the composition before using repellents. Some of them cannot be applied to the skin.
3. Anti-mosquito bracelets have not been proven to be effective.
4. Bees, wasps, bumblebees love sweet and floral scents. They are attracted by bright, colorful clothes.
5. The reaction to wasps and bees should be calm. Do not wave your hands, it can make them angry.
6. You must not walk barefoot on the grass, as there may be wasps nests in the ground.
7. The first-aid kit should always contain topical ointments and gels, as well as antihistamine tablets.
8. If you are already allergic to bee and wasp stings, take a special first-aid kit and a passport of an allergic patient with you.
9. If a severe allergic reaction occurs, seek medical attention.

See also:

90,000 Zika Virus: What You Need to Know

Learn more about this mosquito-borne virus.

What is Zika virus?

Zika virus is a disease primarily spread by mosquito bites and can cause fever, rashes, joint pain and conjunctivitis.

How can you protect yourself from it?

There is no vaccine for Zika virus. Insect repellents containing DEET (a substance that protects against mosquitoes that carry the Zika virus) may help. Other precautions should also be taken: wearing long sleeves and long trousers, and installing mosquito nets on windows.

Where is it most common?

Outbreaks have been reported in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.The Zika virus is expected to spread to new regions.

What are the signs and symptoms?

About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus develop symptoms. Symptoms of the virus are mild and last for a few days to a week.

The most common symptoms of Zika virus are:

• fever
• rash
• joint pain
• conjunctivitis

Other possible symptoms include: muscle pain, headache, pain behind the eyes, and vomiting.

Disclaimer: This information is provided for your information only and is not intended to diagnose or treat any disease. If you have any symptoms or problems, see your doctor.

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90,000 Why mosquitoes are dangerous and how to deal with them – news Technoexport

Why mosquitoes are dangerous

The mosquito is a symbol of importunity.Seeing him in a dream – to empty chores and meeting unpleasant people. But a collision with real mosquitoes, in reality, can threaten with various real unpleasant consequences.

Allergic reactions

At the site of the insect bite, redness and swelling usually form, all accompanied by slight itching. It is caused by an allergic reaction of the body to the mosquito protein contained in its saliva. Its insect is injected during the injection for local anesthesia, and so that the victim’s blood does not clot too quickly.For most people, this itch ends with an unpleasant meeting with a bloodsucker.

Mosquito bite

But for some, contact with mosquitoes causes a stronger allergic reaction – kulicidosis (mosquito allergy). In this case, even a single bite is accompanied by severe edema, rash, fever, difficulty breathing, and headache. In people suffering from mosquito allergies, blisters can form at the site of the bite – large infiltrations of fluid under the skin.

With numerous bites, symptoms of poisoning with nausea and vomiting, Quincke’s edema, which is sometimes accompanied by asphyxia, may appear. Swelling of the respiratory tract can lead to death if the victim is not treated in time.

For a mosquito allergy sufferer, multiple bites can be fatal

Mosquito – vector of diseases

Do not think that if you do not have an acute reaction to mosquito bites, then it will scratch a little and everything will pass.Blood-sucking insects carry vector-borne diseases (infectious human diseases transmitted by arthropods).

A mosquito bite can be a source of serious illness

Different types of bloodsuckers can be carriers of protozoal (infections caused by parasitic protozoa), bacterial, viral, parasitic diseases. In the medical reference book published in the 50s of the last century, more than fifty diseases are listed, which are really possible for a wave to become infected after mosquito bites.Among them are Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, tularemia, lymphatic filariasis, hepatitis B and C, Lyme disease, Dengue fever, Zika virus, leishmaniasis and, of course, the well-known malaria.

In leishmaniasis, the internal organs and skin are affected by parasites

The most dangerous are tropical regions. If you went on vacation abroad, then any bite can carry a potential danger. In our country, due to the colder climate over a large area, the danger of catching an infection, which is common in hot regions, is much less.But there are mosquito-borne diseases that are characteristic of our climatic conditions. For example, Japanese mosquito encephalitis, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Karelian fever, meningitis.

And the ability and desire of people to travel to countries with a tropical climate expands the boundaries of such diseases that have not previously been encountered in Russia, such as Dengue fever or West Nile fever. And the foreign mosquitoes themselves began to roam (on ships, airplanes) and spread outside their natural habitat, complementing the species composition of local ones.

If you went on vacation abroad, then any mosquito bite can carry a potential danger

The risk of diseases transmitted by exotic mosquito bites is increasing due to several factors:

• often a person does not pay attention to the bite;
• The incubation period for many diseases lasts several months. You will have time to come from the resort and already forget about the vacation and the bite, but remain a carrier of the infection;
• parasitic protozoa, viruses, mosquito-borne helminths are insensitive to antibiotics;
• Diagnosing atypical diseases is difficult for doctors.

For example, malaria was defeated in Soviet times. For quite a long period on the territory of the USSR, they did not even remember about it. A whole generation of doctors has learned, familiar with the signs of malaria only from medical textbooks. Today this disease is again becoming a traditional disease in Russia and the CIS countries.

Enemy Habits

It is probably difficult to find a person who has no idea what a mosquito looks like. Entomologists count about 3000 species that belong to several genera, such as True mosquitoes, Bitters (yes, this is one of the mosquito genera), Malaria, Burning and several dozen more.On the territory of our country, there are about 100 species. The shape of the legs and antennae of different representatives, of course, is not important to non-specialists, but knowledge of the “habits” of bloodsuckers is quite useful.

Mosquito of the species Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever bite) – carrier of yellow fever, Dengue fever, Zika virus, chikugunya

Not all species of the mosquito tribe known to scientists are bloodsuckers. More precisely, all mosquitoes actually feed on nectar, while pollinating many plants.But females of some species, in addition to the sweet sap of plants, still suck blood.

True, mosquitoes consume nutrients obtained from the blood of mammals, birds and even fish and reptiles (mosquitoes also bite frogs), not on flapping their wings at a speed of 1000 flaps per second and other mosquito needs associated with maintaining the vital activity of their body. The blood goes exclusively to the development of fertilized eggs in the body of the female until the moment of laying.

Birth of a mosquito.Emergence of an adult insect from a pupa

But even blood-sucking mosquito species can reproduce without using the proteins contained in the blood plasma – the female will simply make less clutches. And the number of eggs in a clutch will also differ significantly in the smaller direction from her more successful companion. Therefore, yes, the more we “feed” the mosquitoes with our blood, the more they appear.

The increase in the population of insects is also facilitated by the abundance of places around human habitation that are convenient for breeding.Mosquitoes most often lay their eggs on the surface of stagnant, well-warmed by the sun and rich in organic matter water.

Any container with water can become a “nursery” for mosquitoes

And it doesn’t have to be a big river, lake or pond. On the contrary, a decorative garden pond, a barrel of water for irrigation, and even a rusty tin can with rain moisture are more preferable places for the development of mosquito larvae. Insects do not like fast currents or waves – they destroy the fragile clutch of eggs.And the rate of development of the larva depends on the temperature: in a small puddle, the water warms up more easily, new mosquitoes are born faster.

How to deal with them

Probably everyone who tried to fall asleep to the squeak of a mosquito thought that it would be good for them to suddenly disappear all at once. But the magical total disappearance of these insects is fraught with ecological disaster.

Mosquitoes are important pollinators

As mentioned above, they pollinate flowering plants, and their participation in this process is very significant.Mosquitoes and their larvae are food for many living things: from fish, amphibians, predatory insects to birds.

In addition, these small creatures carry chemicals in their bodies – manganese, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, boron, calcium, iron, molybdenum. Considering the amount of gnus, the volume of such natural transport supplies is calculated in tons. Scientists believe that clouds of mosquitoes in many places are the only source of micronutrient delivery to plants. For example, in taiga forests.

Clouds of mosquitoes – natural transport of trace elements for plants

Therefore, if it is impossible for a person to get rid of mosquitoes, it is worth considering at least ways to protect against their bites.

Mosquito nets

The easiest way is to dress in tight, long-sleeved clothing and use a mosquito net. Although this option is more suitable for hiking in the forest, in the country you want to feel more free and sunbathe. Perhaps not an ordinary mosquito net is more suitable here, but a Pavlovsky net.It does not block the view and does not impede the movement of air – it is not hot in such a mosquito cape. It will not be superfluous to install mosquito nets on windows and doors, as well as use curtains over beds, in a gazebo or over garden swings.

It will not be superfluous to install mosquito nets on windows

Insecticides and repellents

A variety of chemicals are on sale to combat annoying bloodsuckers.The difference between insecticides and repellents is that the former are designed to kill insects, and the latter are only intended to scare away. They can be used for personal use (for application to clothing and body) or for the treatment of premises and the entire area.

Repellents scare off bloodsuckers

An original and effective mosquito repellent was invented back in the 90s of the XIX century. Japanese entrepreneur Eiichiro Ueyama pressed into incense sticks a traditional mixture that has been used in incense burners for centuries to protect against annoying insects.The composition included pyrethrum powder – plants of the genus Astrovye.

Initially, Eiichiro Ueyama’s wand lasted for a short time – only for 40 minutes. But then the inventor lengthened it, and so that it would not break, rolled it in the shape of a spiral. Now these repellents, even more advanced, can be purchased at almost any supermarket or gardening store.

The “Clean House” mosquito-proof spirals will give you the opportunity to enjoy a quiet life without insects – one spiral smolders for about 10 hours.There are flavored and odorless options on sale.

The Clean House mosquito-repellent spirals will give you the opportunity to enjoy a quiet life without insects

If you plan to use such a product indoors, then keep in mind that it must be well ventilated. Do not forget that it is necessary to follow the rules of safe handling of fire and place the glowing spiral on a non-flammable surface at a distance of 1 m from people.

Well maintained area = fewer mosquitoes

Eliminate places on your site that are convenient for insect breeding. Remove or turn over containers in which moisture can accumulate, cover the barrel of irrigation water with a lid, mow the grass stand – female mosquitoes can lay eggs on damp grass in shady corners.

Plant brightly scented plants in the area

Plant brightly scented plants in and around the area.Sage, rosemary, lavender, all types of mint, ageratum, tansy, wormwood, Dalmatian chamomile (pyrethrum), marigolds, geraniums – they all scare off blood-sucking insects and at the same time decorate the summer cottage.