What are the common causes of rectal pain. How can rectal pain be treated effectively. When should you seek medical attention for rectal pain. What are the symptoms associated with different types of rectal pain.

Understanding Rectal Pain: An Overview

Rectal pain is a common condition that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. It refers to discomfort or pain in the area of the rectum, which is the final portion of the large intestine, ending at the anus. The pain can vary in intensity and may be accompanied by other symptoms, depending on the underlying cause.

Rectal pain can occur due to various reasons, including injuries, inflammation, infections, and certain medical conditions. The timing and nature of the pain can often provide clues about its cause. For instance, pain that occurs while sitting may have a different origin than pain experienced during urination or bowel movements.

Common Causes of Rectal Pain When Sitting

One of the most frequent causes of rectal pain, especially when sitting, is hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus).

External hemorrhoids often cause discomfort or pain when sitting. Some other symptoms associated with external hemorrhoids include:

• Anal itching
• Hard, sensitive lumps around the anus
• Anal ache or pain

Internal hemorrhoids typically don’t cause pain unless they prolapse (bulge out into the rectum). When this happens, it can lead to rectal discomfort, pain, and pressure.

How long do hemorrhoid symptoms typically last?

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), symptoms of external hemorrhoids usually resolve within a few days. However, this can vary depending on the severity of the condition and individual factors.

Rectal Pain While Walking: Potential Causes

While rectal pain is often associated with sitting, some conditions can cause discomfort while walking. One such condition is a thrombosed external hemorrhoid.

A thrombosed external hemorrhoid occurs when a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid. This condition can cause significant pain, especially when walking or sitting. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) notes that large, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can also cause pain during bowel movements.

What are the symptoms of a thrombosed external hemorrhoid?

People with thrombosed external hemorrhoids may experience:

• An anal mass that appears suddenly
• Intense pain that worsens during the first 48 hours
• Gradual easing of pain over the following few days
• Possible bleeding if the skin covering the blood clot opens

Rectal Pain During Urination: Prostatitis and Its Symptoms

When rectal pain occurs during urination, it may be a sign of prostatitis. Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, which is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. This condition can result from bacterial infection, often originating from the urine or rectum.

Prostatitis can cause various symptoms, including:

• Pain or pressure in the rectum
• Throbbing sensations in the rectal area
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Low urine output
• Burning or stinging sensation when urinating
• Pain in the pelvis or lower back
• Erectile dysfunction

How is prostatitis diagnosed and treated?

Diagnosis of prostatitis typically involves a physical examination, urine tests, and potentially imaging studies. Treatment depends on the type and cause of prostatitis but may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and lifestyle changes.

Nocturnal Rectal Pain: Understanding Proctalgia Fugax

Some individuals may experience rectal pain specifically at night. One condition that can cause this is proctalgia fugax (PF). PF is characterized by sudden and intense pain in the rectum that can last for several minutes at a time.

What causes proctalgia fugax?

The exact cause of proctalgia fugax is not fully understood. However, it’s believed to result from spasms in the rectum or pelvic floor muscles. While PF typically occurs at night and may wake a person from sleep, it can also happen during the day.

Rectal Pain Associated with Coughing: Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse is a condition where the rectum falls out of place and protrudes through the anus. This can cause rectal pain or discomfort, especially when straining, such as during coughing, sneezing, or heavy lifting.

Symptoms of rectal prolapse may include:

• A bulge from the anus when straining
• Pressure and pain in the rectum or anus
• Mucus in stool
• Bleeding from the rectum or anus
• Constipation
• Inability to control bowel movements

How is rectal prolapse treated?

Treatment for rectal prolapse often involves surgery to put the rectum back in place and strengthen the anal sphincter muscles. The specific surgical approach depends on the severity of the prolapse and the patient’s overall health.

Rectal Pain During Ovulation: Endometriosis and Its Impact

For some individuals, rectal pain may coincide with their menstrual cycle, particularly during ovulation. In some cases, this could be a sign of endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the uterus lining grows in abnormal places, such as the bowels.

When endometriosis affects the rectal area, it can cause pressure on the rectal wall, leading to various symptoms:

• Rectal pain
• Painful bowel movements
• Constipation
• Back pain

How is endometriosis diagnosed and managed?

Diagnosis of endometriosis often involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and sometimes laparoscopy. Treatment options may include pain medications, hormonal therapies, and in severe cases, surgery to remove the endometrial tissue.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Rectal Pain

While some causes of rectal pain may resolve on their own, it’s important to know when to seek medical attention. You should consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

• Severe or persistent rectal pain
• Rectal bleeding
• Changes in bowel habits lasting more than a few days
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fever accompanying rectal pain
• Pain that interferes with daily activities

What can you expect during a medical evaluation for rectal pain?

During a medical evaluation for rectal pain, your healthcare provider may:

1. Take a detailed medical history
2. Perform a physical examination, which may include a digital rectal exam
3. Order diagnostic tests such as blood tests, stool tests, or imaging studies
4. Recommend a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy in some cases

The specific diagnostic approach will depend on your symptoms and medical history.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes for Managing Rectal Pain

While medical treatment is often necessary for rectal pain, there are several home remedies and lifestyle changes that can help manage symptoms:

• Sitz baths: Sitting in a few inches of warm water for 10-15 minutes several times a day can help relieve rectal pain and itching.
• Dietary changes: Increasing fiber intake and staying hydrated can help prevent constipation, which can exacerbate rectal pain.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage pain.
• Topical treatments: For hemorrhoids, over-the-counter creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone can provide relief.
• Proper hygiene: Keeping the anal area clean and dry can prevent irritation and infection.
• Avoiding straining: During bowel movements, avoid straining, which can worsen hemorrhoids and other rectal conditions.

How effective are these home remedies for rectal pain?

The effectiveness of home remedies can vary depending on the underlying cause of the rectal pain. While these measures can provide relief for mild cases or complement medical treatment, they should not replace professional medical advice, especially for persistent or severe symptoms.

Prevention Strategies for Rectal Pain

While not all causes of rectal pain are preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy diet rich in fiber to promote regular bowel movements.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
• Exercise regularly to promote good digestive health.
• Avoid sitting for prolonged periods, especially on hard surfaces.
• Practice good toilet habits, such as not straining during bowel movements and not spending excessive time on the toilet.
• Manage underlying conditions like chronic constipation or diarrhea.

Can lifestyle changes significantly reduce the risk of rectal pain?

Yes, lifestyle changes can play a significant role in preventing many causes of rectal pain. For instance, maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise can help prevent hemorrhoids, one of the most common causes of rectal discomfort. However, it’s important to remember that some causes of rectal pain, such as certain medical conditions, may not be preventable through lifestyle changes alone.

Understanding the Link Between Stress and Rectal Pain

While stress is not a direct cause of rectal pain, it can exacerbate symptoms of various conditions that lead to rectal discomfort. Stress can affect the body in numerous ways, including:

• Altering digestive processes
• Increasing muscle tension, including in the pelvic floor
• Weakening the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections
• Exacerbating inflammation in the body

These stress-related changes can potentially worsen conditions like hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or irritable bowel syndrome, all of which can cause rectal pain.

How can stress management techniques help with rectal pain?

Incorporating stress management techniques into your daily routine may help alleviate rectal pain indirectly by reducing overall tension in your body and improving digestive health. Some effective stress management strategies include:

• Regular exercise
• Meditation or mindfulness practices
• Deep breathing exercises
• Adequate sleep
• Counseling or therapy, if needed

While these techniques may not directly treat the underlying cause of rectal pain, they can contribute to overall well-being and potentially reduce the frequency or severity of symptoms.

The Role of Diet in Managing and Preventing Rectal Pain

Diet plays a crucial role in digestive health and can significantly impact rectal pain. Certain dietary choices can help prevent or manage conditions that cause rectal discomfort, while others may exacerbate symptoms.

Which foods can help alleviate rectal pain?

Foods that may help manage or prevent rectal pain include:

• High-fiber foods: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes can promote regular bowel movements and prevent constipation.
• Probiotic-rich foods: Yogurt, kefir, and other fermented foods can support gut health.
• Water: Staying hydrated helps soften stools and prevent constipation.
• Omega-3 rich foods: Fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation.

Which foods should be avoided to prevent rectal pain?

Foods that may exacerbate rectal pain or irritation include:

• Spicy foods: These can irritate the digestive tract and worsen hemorrhoids or anal fissures.
• Caffeine and alcohol: These can dehydrate the body and potentially worsen constipation.
• Processed foods: Often low in fiber, these can contribute to constipation.
• Dairy products: For those with lactose intolerance, dairy can cause digestive issues that may lead to rectal discomfort.

Remember, dietary needs can vary from person to person. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian for personalized dietary advice, especially if you’re experiencing chronic rectal pain.

Advanced Treatment Options for Chronic Rectal Pain

While many cases of rectal pain can be managed with conservative treatments and lifestyle changes, some individuals may experience chronic or severe pain that requires more advanced interventions. In such cases, healthcare providers may recommend various treatment options based on the underlying cause and severity of the pain.

What are some advanced treatment options for chronic rectal pain?

Advanced treatment options may include:

1. Biofeedback therapy: This technique helps patients gain better control over their pelvic floor muscles, which can be beneficial for conditions like levator syndrome or proctalgia fugax.
2. Botox injections: In some cases, Botox can be used to relax spasming muscles in the anal area, providing relief from certain types of rectal pain.
3. Nerve blocks: These involve injecting medication near specific nerves to block pain signals.
4. Sacral nerve stimulation: This involves implanting a device that sends mild electrical impulses to the nerves that control bowel function.
5. Surgical interventions: For conditions like severe hemorrhoids or rectal prolapse, surgery may be necessary.

How effective are these advanced treatments for rectal pain?

The effectiveness of these treatments can vary depending on the individual and the specific cause of the pain. Some patients experience significant relief, while others may need to try multiple approaches before finding an effective solution. It’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific situation.

Chronic rectal pain can significantly impact quality of life, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, many individuals can find relief. If you’re experiencing persistent or severe rectal pain, don’t hesitate to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider can help identify the underlying cause and develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your needs.

Causes, remedies, and when to contact a doctor

Rectal pain can result from injury, inflammation, or infections that affect the rectum or anus. Hemorrhoids, prostatitis, and endometriosis are among many possible causes. Treatment will depend on the cause.

The rectum is a part of the digestive system that begins at the lower part of the large intestine and ends at the anus.

People may experience rectal pain at particular times, such as when sitting, walking, or during bowel movements. Depending on the underlying cause of the pain, people may experience additional symptoms, such as constipation, rectal bleeding, or pressure in the pelvic area.

There are many possible causes of rectal pain, so it is important for people to contact a healthcare professional for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

This article lists some potential causes of rectal pain according to when the pain is likely to occur. We also list remedies for rectal pain and possible accompanying symptoms. Finally, we provide information on diagnosis and when to contact a doctor.

Below are some potential causes of rectal pain. In some cases, they may occur alongside the appearance of symptoms.

When sitting

Hemorrhoids, also called piles, are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. They can be external or internal.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), external hemorrhoids can cause rectal pain or ache when sitting.

Other possible symptoms include:

• anal itching
• hard, sensitive lumps around the anus
• anal ache or pain

The NIDDK states that the symptoms of external hemorrhoids typically resolve within a few days.

When an internal hemorrhoid bulges out into the rectum, it becomes a prolapsed hemorrhoid. This is a common cause of rectal discomfort, pain, and pressure.

Internal hemorrhoids that have not prolapsed are usually not painful, but people may experience bleeding from the rectum.

When walking

A thrombosed external hemorrhoid is a blood clot that occurs in an external hemorrhoid.

According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), large, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can cause pain when walking, when people sit, or during a bowel movement.

People may have an anal mass that appears suddenly and causes pain. According to the ASCRS, the pain may worsen during the first 48 hours but then ease off over the following few days. If the skin covering the blood clot opens, people may also experience bleeding.

When urinating

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its primary function is to make seminal fluid.

Prostatitis occurs when the prostate becomes infected with bacteria from the urine or rectum. The condition may cause pain when urinating, along with rectal pain or pressure.

Other possible symptoms of prostatitis include:

• throbbing sensations in the rectal area
• frequent need to urinate
• low urine output
• a burning or stinging sensation when urinating
• pain in the pelvis or lower back
• erectile dysfunction

When lying down

Levator syndrome (LS) is a condition that causes episodic pain in the rectum or bony structures at the base of the spine. Experts do not know the exact cause of LS. However, it is likely due to the spasm of the levator muscles in the pelvic floor. People may experience spasms for no clear reason or after having a bowel movement.

LS can cause pain or a dull ache in the rectum, anus, or tailbone. According to the ASCRS, sitting or lying down can worsen LS symptoms.

At night

Proctalgia fugax (PF) is sudden and intense pain in the rectum that can last for several minutes at a time. The condition typically occurs at night and may wake a person from sleeping. However, it can also happen during the day.

PF likely occurs as a result of spasms in the rectum or pelvic floor muscles.

When coughing

Rectal prolapse is the medical term for when the rectum falls out of place and drops through the anus. A person who has a rectal prolapse may feel a bulge from their anus when straining, such as when coughing, sneezing, or heavy lifting.

Rectal prolapse can cause pressure and pain in the rectum or anus. Other symptoms may include:

• mucus in stool
• bleeding from the rectum or anus
• constipation
• an inability to control bowel movements

During ovulation

Some people may experience uncomfortable or painful symptoms during the ovulation phase of their menstrual cycle. In certain cases, severe pain can be a sign of an underlying health condition, such as endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the uterus lining grows in abnormal places, such as the bowels. If endometriosis is present in the rectal area, it can cause pressure on the rectal wall, resulting in the following symptoms:

• rectal pain
• painful bowel movements
• constipation
• back pain

During a period

During menstruation, the body releases chemicals called prostaglandins. High levels of prostaglandins can cause the bowel wall to contract, causing pain, cramping, and diarrhea.

People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may experience changes in their symptoms throughout the menstrual cycle, and these may correspond to natural hormone fluctuations. According to the Canadian Society of Intestinal Research, studies have found that people with IBS may experience an increase in rectal sensitivity during their period.

During pregnancy

A 2018 study assessed anal pain in 94 females in weeks 19–25 of pregnancy. Participants filled out a questionnaire reporting on anal symptoms throughout the following stages of pregnancy:

• the second and third trimester
• the postpartum period
• three months postpartum

According to the results, 68% of participants experienced anal symptoms, with anal pain being the most common. Other anal symptoms included:

• constipation
• an inability to control bowel movements
• hemorrhoidal complications
• anal fissures

Risk factors for anal symptoms included constipation and medical history of anal problems.

After a hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a medical term for the removal of the uterus. In some cases, a hysterectomy can weaken the connective tissue between the rectum and the vagina. This can cause a rectocele, a type of prolapse in which the rectum pushes into the vagina.

People may experience symptoms of a rectocele in the rectum, vagina, or both. Symptoms may include:

• pressure in the pelvis
• pain in the abdomen or lower back
• a sensation of something falling down within the pelvis
• feeling a mass within the vagina
• vaginal bleeding that is not due to the menstrual cycle
• constipation
• difficulty having bowel movements
• bowels not feeling empty after a bowel movement
• in some cases, the inability to control a bowel movement

Standing up may worsen symptoms, whereas lying down may ease them.

Before or after a bowel movement

An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal, which is the end of the large intestine between the rectum and anus.

Anal fissures can cause sharp pain, which may begin with a bowel movement and can continue for a few minutes to hours. Other symptoms may include bright red blood in the stool or on toilet paper after having a bowel movement or a skin tag, or a small lump that appears near the anal fissure.

After a colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that involves inserting a flexible tube called an endoscope into the anus and through the rectum to the colon. The scope has a camera attached, which allows a doctor to see inside the colon.

People may experience some mild pain or pressure during a colonoscopy. However, a doctor can provide a sedative to help reduce any discomfort.

Gentle movement and walking may help to alleviate any anal, rectal, or gas pains after the procedure.

During or after receptive anal intercourse or instrumentation

The skin around the rectum is very sensitive. Friction from sexual activity involving the anus or inserting objects into the rectum can cause injury, irritation, swelling, or bleeding.

Anal sex is mostly safe. If a person experiences pain during or after anal sex, they may need to increase lubrication.

Individuals who engage in unprotected anal intercourse are at a greater risk of anorectal infections. The most common symptom is a frequent or continuous urge to have a bowel movement. Other symptoms may also include anorectal pain or discomfort.

Learn about how to practice anal sex safely here.

Other medical conditions that can cause rectal pain include:

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two conditions: Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis (UC). These conditions cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Crohn’s most often affects the portion of the small intestine before the large intestine and colon. UC is a long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.

However, if UC only affects the rectum, it is called proctitis. People with this condition may experience pain in the rectal area.

Other symptoms include:

• tenesmus, a frequent desire to pass feces
• bloody diarrhea
• bleeding in the rectal area

Research has shown that proctitis has also resulted from medical procedures. Chronic radiation proctitis is a side effect that affects 5–20% of people receiving radiation treatment for cancer. A case report from 2000 also demonstrates that one person developed ulcerative proctitis 10 months after a fecal microbiota transplant.

Stercoral ulcers

Stercoral ulcers occur when a person has chronic constipation leading to stagnation of fecal matter.

Multiple areas of ulceration can present in the colon. The most common locations of ulceration are in the sigmoid colon and the rectum.

Anorectal cancer

Anorectal cancer refers to any cancer that affects the anus or rectum.

With anal cancer, a person may not experience symptoms straightaway. They may notice anal bleeding, which people often mistake for hemorrhoids.

Other symptoms of anal cancer include:

• rectal itching
• a lump where the anus opens
• a feeling of fullness or pain at the anus
• changes in bowel movements, including narrower stools
• anal discharge
• swollen lymph nodes at the anus or groin
• difficulty controlling bowel movements

Many of these symptoms may have causes that are not related to anorectal cancers. However, if a person notices these symptoms, it is important they contact a doctor.

The treatment options for rectal pain may vary depending on the underlying cause.

To relieve general pain around the rectum and anus, people can try the following:

• taking a sitz bath or sitting in warm water for a few minutes
• gently washing the area with lukewarm water, particularly after a bowel movement or sweating
• avoiding using any irritating detergents or soap
• wearing breathable, cotton underwear
• wearing loose, comfortable clothing
• avoiding sitting for long periods
• sitting on a cushion or rubber ring to relieve pressure
• taking over-the-counter pain medication to alleviate pain
• using a stool softener, making stools easier to pass
• eating a diet high in fiber and drinking plenty of water to prevent constipation and straining during a bowel movement
• taking any medications according to the prescribing doctor’s instructions

Some conditions may require surgical treatment if a person experiences severe or persistent symptoms that do not respond to more conservative treatment. Examples include:

• severe fissures
• severe fistulas
• severe hemorrhoids

A person who experiences rectal pain may also experience accompanying symptoms. Depending on the cause of the rectal pain, these may include:

• a feeling of pressure in the anal, rectal, or pelvic area
• a sensation of the bowels not emptying fully after a bowel movement
• difficulty having bowel movements
• gas and gas pains
• leakage or an inability to control bowel movements
• rectal or anal bleeding

A doctor may carry out a rectal examination to diagnose the cause of rectal pain.

During a rectal examination, a person will lie down on their left side, with their knees curled towards their chest. A doctor will then insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any problems. People may need to squeeze around the finger to test muscle function.

Depending on the person’s symptoms, a doctor may also carry out additional tests. These may include:

• Endorectal ultrasound: This allows a doctor to see images of the rectal wall and surrounding areas. It can be useful in showing rectoceles or rectal prolapse.
• Anorectal manometry: This test assesses the function and strength of muscles around the rectum.
• Videodefecogram: This is a specialized X-ray to show muscle function during bowel movements.

People who experience any of the following symptoms will need to contact a doctor:

• rectal pain that does not ease or eases and then returns
• severe pain or other symptoms
• ongoing rectal bleeding
• a visible or palpable mass that does not improve
• recent trauma to the anus

People may experience rectal pain for a variety of reasons, including pregnancy, hemorrhoids, and muscle spasms. Depending on the cause, symptoms may ease or worsen with a change of position, such as sitting, lying down, or walking.

People may be able to ease rectal pain with home remedies, such as taking a warm bath, sitting on a cushion, or taking pain relief medication.

A person will need to contact a doctor if they experience persistent or worsening rectal pain, rectal bleeding, or any other concerning symptoms.

Causes, remedies, and when to contact a doctor

Rectal pain can result from injury, inflammation, or infections that affect the rectum or anus. Hemorrhoids, prostatitis, and endometriosis are among many possible causes. Treatment will depend on the cause.

The rectum is a part of the digestive system that begins at the lower part of the large intestine and ends at the anus.

People may experience rectal pain at particular times, such as when sitting, walking, or during bowel movements. Depending on the underlying cause of the pain, people may experience additional symptoms, such as constipation, rectal bleeding, or pressure in the pelvic area.

There are many possible causes of rectal pain, so it is important for people to contact a healthcare professional for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

This article lists some potential causes of rectal pain according to when the pain is likely to occur. We also list remedies for rectal pain and possible accompanying symptoms. Finally, we provide information on diagnosis and when to contact a doctor.

Below are some potential causes of rectal pain. In some cases, they may occur alongside the appearance of symptoms.

When sitting

Hemorrhoids, also called piles, are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. They can be external or internal.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), external hemorrhoids can cause rectal pain or ache when sitting.

Other possible symptoms include:

• anal itching
• hard, sensitive lumps around the anus
• anal ache or pain

The NIDDK states that the symptoms of external hemorrhoids typically resolve within a few days.

When an internal hemorrhoid bulges out into the rectum, it becomes a prolapsed hemorrhoid. This is a common cause of rectal discomfort, pain, and pressure.

Internal hemorrhoids that have not prolapsed are usually not painful, but people may experience bleeding from the rectum.

When walking

A thrombosed external hemorrhoid is a blood clot that occurs in an external hemorrhoid.

According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), large, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can cause pain when walking, when people sit, or during a bowel movement.

People may have an anal mass that appears suddenly and causes pain. According to the ASCRS, the pain may worsen during the first 48 hours but then ease off over the following few days. If the skin covering the blood clot opens, people may also experience bleeding.

When urinating

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its primary function is to make seminal fluid.

Prostatitis occurs when the prostate becomes infected with bacteria from the urine or rectum. The condition may cause pain when urinating, along with rectal pain or pressure.

Other possible symptoms of prostatitis include:

• throbbing sensations in the rectal area
• frequent need to urinate
• low urine output
• a burning or stinging sensation when urinating
• pain in the pelvis or lower back
• erectile dysfunction

When lying down

Levator syndrome (LS) is a condition that causes episodic pain in the rectum or bony structures at the base of the spine. Experts do not know the exact cause of LS. However, it is likely due to the spasm of the levator muscles in the pelvic floor. People may experience spasms for no clear reason or after having a bowel movement.

LS can cause pain or a dull ache in the rectum, anus, or tailbone. According to the ASCRS, sitting or lying down can worsen LS symptoms.

At night

Proctalgia fugax (PF) is sudden and intense pain in the rectum that can last for several minutes at a time. The condition typically occurs at night and may wake a person from sleeping. However, it can also happen during the day.

PF likely occurs as a result of spasms in the rectum or pelvic floor muscles.

When coughing

Rectal prolapse is the medical term for when the rectum falls out of place and drops through the anus. A person who has a rectal prolapse may feel a bulge from their anus when straining, such as when coughing, sneezing, or heavy lifting.

Rectal prolapse can cause pressure and pain in the rectum or anus. Other symptoms may include:

• mucus in stool
• bleeding from the rectum or anus
• constipation
• an inability to control bowel movements

During ovulation

Some people may experience uncomfortable or painful symptoms during the ovulation phase of their menstrual cycle. In certain cases, severe pain can be a sign of an underlying health condition, such as endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the uterus lining grows in abnormal places, such as the bowels. If endometriosis is present in the rectal area, it can cause pressure on the rectal wall, resulting in the following symptoms:

• rectal pain
• painful bowel movements
• constipation
• back pain

During a period

During menstruation, the body releases chemicals called prostaglandins. High levels of prostaglandins can cause the bowel wall to contract, causing pain, cramping, and diarrhea.

People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may experience changes in their symptoms throughout the menstrual cycle, and these may correspond to natural hormone fluctuations. According to the Canadian Society of Intestinal Research, studies have found that people with IBS may experience an increase in rectal sensitivity during their period.

During pregnancy

A 2018 study assessed anal pain in 94 females in weeks 19–25 of pregnancy. Participants filled out a questionnaire reporting on anal symptoms throughout the following stages of pregnancy:

• the second and third trimester
• the postpartum period
• three months postpartum

According to the results, 68% of participants experienced anal symptoms, with anal pain being the most common. Other anal symptoms included:

• constipation
• an inability to control bowel movements
• hemorrhoidal complications
• anal fissures

Risk factors for anal symptoms included constipation and medical history of anal problems.

After a hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a medical term for the removal of the uterus. In some cases, a hysterectomy can weaken the connective tissue between the rectum and the vagina. This can cause a rectocele, a type of prolapse in which the rectum pushes into the vagina.

People may experience symptoms of a rectocele in the rectum, vagina, or both. Symptoms may include:

• pressure in the pelvis
• pain in the abdomen or lower back
• a sensation of something falling down within the pelvis
• feeling a mass within the vagina
• vaginal bleeding that is not due to the menstrual cycle
• constipation
• difficulty having bowel movements
• bowels not feeling empty after a bowel movement
• in some cases, the inability to control a bowel movement

Standing up may worsen symptoms, whereas lying down may ease them.

Before or after a bowel movement

An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal, which is the end of the large intestine between the rectum and anus.

Anal fissures can cause sharp pain, which may begin with a bowel movement and can continue for a few minutes to hours. Other symptoms may include bright red blood in the stool or on toilet paper after having a bowel movement or a skin tag, or a small lump that appears near the anal fissure.

After a colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that involves inserting a flexible tube called an endoscope into the anus and through the rectum to the colon. The scope has a camera attached, which allows a doctor to see inside the colon.

People may experience some mild pain or pressure during a colonoscopy. However, a doctor can provide a sedative to help reduce any discomfort.

Gentle movement and walking may help to alleviate any anal, rectal, or gas pains after the procedure.

During or after receptive anal intercourse or instrumentation

The skin around the rectum is very sensitive. Friction from sexual activity involving the anus or inserting objects into the rectum can cause injury, irritation, swelling, or bleeding.

Anal sex is mostly safe. If a person experiences pain during or after anal sex, they may need to increase lubrication.

Individuals who engage in unprotected anal intercourse are at a greater risk of anorectal infections. The most common symptom is a frequent or continuous urge to have a bowel movement. Other symptoms may also include anorectal pain or discomfort.

Learn about how to practice anal sex safely here.

Other medical conditions that can cause rectal pain include:

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two conditions: Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis (UC). These conditions cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Crohn’s most often affects the portion of the small intestine before the large intestine and colon. UC is a long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.

However, if UC only affects the rectum, it is called proctitis. People with this condition may experience pain in the rectal area.

Other symptoms include:

• tenesmus, a frequent desire to pass feces
• bloody diarrhea
• bleeding in the rectal area

Research has shown that proctitis has also resulted from medical procedures. Chronic radiation proctitis is a side effect that affects 5–20% of people receiving radiation treatment for cancer. A case report from 2000 also demonstrates that one person developed ulcerative proctitis 10 months after a fecal microbiota transplant.

Stercoral ulcers

Stercoral ulcers occur when a person has chronic constipation leading to stagnation of fecal matter.

Multiple areas of ulceration can present in the colon. The most common locations of ulceration are in the sigmoid colon and the rectum.

Anorectal cancer

Anorectal cancer refers to any cancer that affects the anus or rectum.

With anal cancer, a person may not experience symptoms straightaway. They may notice anal bleeding, which people often mistake for hemorrhoids.

Other symptoms of anal cancer include:

• rectal itching
• a lump where the anus opens
• a feeling of fullness or pain at the anus
• changes in bowel movements, including narrower stools
• anal discharge
• swollen lymph nodes at the anus or groin
• difficulty controlling bowel movements

Many of these symptoms may have causes that are not related to anorectal cancers. However, if a person notices these symptoms, it is important they contact a doctor.

The treatment options for rectal pain may vary depending on the underlying cause.

To relieve general pain around the rectum and anus, people can try the following:

• taking a sitz bath or sitting in warm water for a few minutes
• gently washing the area with lukewarm water, particularly after a bowel movement or sweating
• avoiding using any irritating detergents or soap
• wearing breathable, cotton underwear
• wearing loose, comfortable clothing
• avoiding sitting for long periods
• sitting on a cushion or rubber ring to relieve pressure
• taking over-the-counter pain medication to alleviate pain
• using a stool softener, making stools easier to pass
• eating a diet high in fiber and drinking plenty of water to prevent constipation and straining during a bowel movement
• taking any medications according to the prescribing doctor’s instructions

Some conditions may require surgical treatment if a person experiences severe or persistent symptoms that do not respond to more conservative treatment. Examples include:

• severe fissures
• severe fistulas
• severe hemorrhoids

A person who experiences rectal pain may also experience accompanying symptoms. Depending on the cause of the rectal pain, these may include:

• a feeling of pressure in the anal, rectal, or pelvic area
• a sensation of the bowels not emptying fully after a bowel movement
• difficulty having bowel movements
• gas and gas pains
• leakage or an inability to control bowel movements
• rectal or anal bleeding

A doctor may carry out a rectal examination to diagnose the cause of rectal pain.

During a rectal examination, a person will lie down on their left side, with their knees curled towards their chest. A doctor will then insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any problems. People may need to squeeze around the finger to test muscle function.

Depending on the person’s symptoms, a doctor may also carry out additional tests. These may include:

• Endorectal ultrasound: This allows a doctor to see images of the rectal wall and surrounding areas. It can be useful in showing rectoceles or rectal prolapse.
• Anorectal manometry: This test assesses the function and strength of muscles around the rectum.
• Videodefecogram: This is a specialized X-ray to show muscle function during bowel movements.

People who experience any of the following symptoms will need to contact a doctor:

• rectal pain that does not ease or eases and then returns
• severe pain or other symptoms
• ongoing rectal bleeding
• a visible or palpable mass that does not improve
• recent trauma to the anus

People may experience rectal pain for a variety of reasons, including pregnancy, hemorrhoids, and muscle spasms. Depending on the cause, symptoms may ease or worsen with a change of position, such as sitting, lying down, or walking.

People may be able to ease rectal pain with home remedies, such as taking a warm bath, sitting on a cushion, or taking pain relief medication.

A person will need to contact a doctor if they experience persistent or worsening rectal pain, rectal bleeding, or any other concerning symptoms.

Pain during defecation – causes and treatment

Contents

1. Introduction
2. What is incontinence
3. Pain management

Defecation is a natural process of excretion of feces. Normally, it occurs regularly and without any discomfort. If a person experiences pain when going to the toilet, then this is an alarming sign. This condition requires attention and advice from a qualified specialist. Pain during bowel movements can have a different character, occur under different circumstances. Someone marks them as cutting or sharp, others experience pulling sensations in the anus. It is possible to alleviate the condition only if the cause of the pain is correctly established. And there can be a huge number of them.

Questions and Answers

Provided that there are no complaints and your immediate family has not had rectal cancer, it is recommended to visit a proctologist every 5 years.

If you feel discomfort, you should immediately contact a specialist!

A proctologist always cares about your convenience, which means that all diagnostic manipulations will be carried out as accurately as possible and in comfortable conditions!

Yes, there are a number of drugs that can affect the muscle contractions of the intestinal wall. However, in any case, do not prescribe medication yourself!

The use of laxatives, activated charcoal or other similar medications may have a positive effect. But their intake should not be systematic, since in many diseases, increased peristalsis causes serious bleeding.

Influencing peristalsis in a safe way is possible through increased physical activity and proper nutrition.

In this situation, you need to pay attention to the shade of the blood. The darker it is, the higher the gastrointestinal tract is affected. Bright red blood indicates damage to the lower intestine – the rectum.

If there are clots or bruises of varying intensity, be sure to consult a doctor. At best, it can be hemorrhoids, and at worst, oncology.

Itching may be caused by pathological conditions:

• enterobiasis;
• helminthiasis;
• hemorrhoids;
• anal fissure;
• allergic reaction;
• consequences of epilation, etc.

Causes of pain

Women and men have specific health problems related to their anatomy. For example, in women, pain during bowel movements may be due to gynecological diseases. Such symptoms sometimes occur against the background of an ovarian cyst, in which case you will need to consult a gynecologist. A man will feel pain during bowel movements if his prostate is inflamed. However, according to statistics, much more often the causes lie in the field of proctological problems. For an accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to contact a coloproctologist.

Hemorrhoids, and specifically its exacerbation, is often accompanied by pain in the anus. This happens for the reason that enlarged hemorrhoids are injured by feces, fall out of the anus and are infringed. Depending on the stage of hemorrhoids, pain can be either episodic or permanent. When the disease is advanced, the patient begins to experience discomfort not only when visiting the toilet, but also when walking, and even at rest. Patients may complain of concomitant symptoms, such as foreign body sensation in the anus, anal itching, feeling of incomplete bowel movement after a bowel movement.

Another disease of the rectum, which is characterized by acute pain, is an anal fissure. With such damage to the intestinal mucosa, the defecation process will bring great discomfort. Accompanying anal fissures and other symptomatic manifestations, such as rectal bleeding, burning and itching, as well as spasm of the sphincter.

If an infection enters the tissues surrounding the rectum, the patient develops a condition called paraproctitis. The disease is characterized by purulent inflammation, which can be localized in different ways. Pain in this case can accompany the patient all the time, and also increase when trying to defecate.

If the inflammation affected only the rectal mucosa, then the patient is diagnosed with proctitis. This condition is characterized by intense pain during defecation, which often extends not only to the rectum, but to the entire perineum. Among the accompanying symptoms, it is worth noting the discharge of blood, burning in the anus, frequent urge to go to the toilet.

Sometimes pain can also speak of such a dangerous condition as oncology. Patients with colorectal cancer may not only feel pain during bowel movements, but also notice bloody discharge from the anus, as well as feel general weakness.

Pain management

The method of treatment is determined by the doctor, based on the information obtained during the diagnostic process. Diagnostic measures include both taking an anamnesis and examining the patient. In addition to digital examination and anoscopy, the doctor may recommend sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. In some cases, patients are prescribed additional studies: instrumental or laboratory. For example, blood, urine, and stool tests may be needed. Treatment of proctological problems includes conservative therapy, minimally invasive methods and surgical interventions. If the cause of pain during bowel cleansing is hemorrhoids, then the patient is recommended to adjust the lifestyle. This applies to the amount of physical activity, its quality, as well as the diet. With a lack of movement, patients are advised to perform regular physical exercises, to abandon transport, elevators and stairs, if possible, in favor of walking. Patients suffering from constipation need to normalize digestion and achieve regular and soft stools. To this end, they are prescribed a therapeutic diet, which must be followed constantly. It is recommended to remove from the diet all foods that can irritate the intestines, as well as fasten feces. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the drinking regimen. Treatment of proctological problems involves the appointment of drugs of local and systemic action. Therapy is selected according to the symptoms. Minimally invasive techniques allow you to quickly and effectively deal with hemorrhoids. If the hemorrhoids are in a neglected state, then the patient may be prescribed a radical surgical operation to remove the hemorrhoids. Treatment of anal fissures is also carried out conservatively and surgically, depending on the specific clinical case. If with proctitis it is possible to achieve recovery without surgical intervention, then only a surgeon can eliminate paraproctitis. In colorectal cancer, the success of therapy depends on how timely it was detected. Modern treatment protocols can provide a high success rate in solving this problem.

You can get advice from a qualified coloproctologist at our multidisciplinary medical center.

Our specialists

Make an appointment

+7 (8422) 44-69-69

Services

Treatment of hemorrhoids

Fissure treatment

Anoscopy

Videorectoscopy

All articles

Prostate adenoma: symptoms and treatment

Treatment of pyelonephritis in men

make an appointment

Rectal suppositories “Olestezin” – an effective drug for the conservative treatment of hemorrhoids

Suppositories contain therapeutic components in such proportions that, when used together, provide the most pronounced therapeutic effect, and the polyethylene oxide base used contributes to the effective release of active active substances and their rapid absorption. At the same time, there are no undesirable effects and contraindications.

Pharmaceutical company “Altaivitaminy” offers an effective drug for the conservative treatment of hemorrhoids – suppositories “Olestezin®”.

The complex composition of Olestezin® allows to stop many symptoms of the disease:

• quickly and effectively relieves pain and reduces discomfort;
• eliminates inflammation and restores the elasticity of capillaries, which ensures the reduction of internal and external hemorrhoids;
• improves the process of blood coagulation and has a hemostatic effect;
• provides healing of cracks and regeneration of the mucous membrane.

Suppositories contain therapeutic components in such proportions that, when used together, provide the most pronounced therapeutic effect, and the polyethylene oxide base used contributes to the effective release of active active substances and their rapid absorption. At the same time, there are no undesirable effects and contraindications.

The proposed rectal suppositories “Olestezin®” have an additional therapeutic effect compared to the prototype: due to the unique selection of biologically active components, they provide relief of pain in the anus; have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects; promote the regeneration of epithelial cells.

Thus, the essential differences of Olestezin® are:

• introduction of sea buckthorn oil concentrate into the suppository formulation instead of sea buckthorn oil itself allows to increase the biological activity of suppositories, increase vitamin nutrition of epithelial cells, which leads to acceleration of the healing process of inflammation foci;
• the introduction of an anesthesin and etazol-sodium complex into the suppository formulation gives the finished suppositories analgesic and bactericidal activity, as a result of which the processes of collagen biosynthesis and catabolism are stabilized; reduce damage to granulation tissue cells, which ultimately has a positive effect on regenerative processes in the wound;
• the use of polyethylene oxide-1500 (base), tween-80 (emulsion stabilizer) and purified water as structuring components of the suppository formulation makes it possible to obtain a suppository mass that not only meets the requirements of the technology, but also has additional medicinal properties due to the antibacterial properties of the base.