What is tinnitus and how does it affect people. What are the common causes of tinnitus. When should you be concerned about ringing in your ears. How can tinnitus be treated or managed effectively.

What is Tinnitus and How Does it Manifest?

Tinnitus is a common auditory phenomenon characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of external stimuli. It affects approximately 15% of the population, manifesting as a range of sounds such as ringing, whooshing, buzzing, or pulsing. These sounds can be perceived in one or both ears, or sometimes described as originating from within the head itself.

The experience of tinnitus varies greatly among individuals, both in terms of the quality of the sound and its impact on daily life. For some, it may be a minor annoyance, while for others, it can cause significant distress and anxiety, disrupting sleep, concentration, and overall quality of life.

Types of Tinnitus

Tinnitus can be broadly categorized into two main types:

• Pulsatile Tinnitus: This type of tinnitus is rhythmic, often synchronizing with the individual’s heartbeat. It can be caused by blood flow abnormalities near the ear and may require medical attention.
• Non-Pulsatile Tinnitus: More common and often more challenging to identify a specific cause. It’s frequently associated with hearing loss but can occur in individuals with normal hearing as well.

Common Causes of Tinnitus: Unraveling the Mystery

The origins of tinnitus are diverse and sometimes elusive. While many cases are associated with identifiable conditions, others remain idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown. Understanding the potential causes can help in seeking appropriate treatment and management strategies.

Causes of Non-Pulsatile Tinnitus

• Hearing loss (age-related or noise-induced)
• Ear infections or blockages
• Meniere’s disease
• Acoustic neuroma (rare)
• Certain medications (ototoxic drugs)
• Head or neck injuries

Causes of Pulsatile Tinnitus

• Normal blood flow sounds (which become noticeable due to increased awareness)
• Blood vessel abnormalities in the brain or ear
• Middle ear growths or tumors (rare)
• Increased intracranial pressure (rare)

Is tinnitus always indicative of a serious medical condition? While tinnitus can be distressing, it’s often not medically serious. However, certain forms of tinnitus, particularly pulsatile tinnitus, may signal underlying conditions that require medical attention. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

When Should You Be Concerned About Tinnitus?

While many cases of tinnitus are benign, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. These red flags include:

1. Pulsatile tinnitus of any kind
2. Tinnitus occurring in only one ear
3. Sudden onset or significant changes in tinnitus
4. Tinnitus accompanied by vertigo or balance issues
5. Tinnitus associated with sudden hearing loss

Should you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist) promptly. Early intervention can be key in addressing potentially serious underlying conditions.

Diagnostic Approaches for Tinnitus

Diagnosing the underlying cause of tinnitus often involves a multifaceted approach. Healthcare providers may employ various diagnostic tools and techniques to understand the nature and potential origins of the tinnitus.

Common Diagnostic Procedures

• Audiological Examination: A comprehensive hearing test to assess hearing function and identify any hearing loss.
• Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans may be used to visualize the auditory pathway and brain structures.
• Tinnitus Pitch and Loudness Matching: Tests to characterize the specific qualities of the tinnitus sound.
• Blood Tests: To rule out systemic conditions that might contribute to tinnitus.

How do these diagnostic procedures help in managing tinnitus? By identifying the underlying cause or associated conditions, healthcare providers can tailor treatment approaches more effectively, potentially addressing both the tinnitus and its root cause.

Treatment Options and Management Strategies for Tinnitus

While there is no universal cure for tinnitus, various treatment options and management strategies can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. The approach often depends on the underlying cause, if identified, and the severity of the tinnitus.

Medical Treatments

• Addressing Underlying Conditions: Treating ear infections, removing ear wax blockages, or managing blood pressure issues can sometimes resolve tinnitus.
• Hearing Aids: For tinnitus associated with hearing loss, hearing aids can often provide relief by amplifying external sounds.
• Sound Therapy: Using external noise to mask or distract from the tinnitus sound. This can include white noise machines, fan noise, or specialized sound generators.

Non-Medical Approaches

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps in changing the way one perceives and reacts to tinnitus, reducing its impact on daily life.
• Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT): Combines sound therapy with counseling to help the brain reclassify tinnitus as unimportant background noise.
• Relaxation Techniques: Stress management through meditation, yoga, or biofeedback can help reduce the perception of tinnitus.

Can lifestyle changes impact tinnitus? Indeed, certain lifestyle modifications can help manage tinnitus. These may include avoiding loud noises, managing stress, limiting caffeine and alcohol intake, and maintaining good cardiovascular health.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Tinnitus Treatment

The field of tinnitus research is dynamic, with ongoing efforts to develop more effective treatments and potentially find a cure. Recent advancements and areas of research include:

• Neurostimulation Techniques: Methods like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation are being explored for their potential in modulating neural activity associated with tinnitus.
• Pharmacological Interventions: Research into drugs that can modulate neural pathways involved in tinnitus perception.
• Genetic Studies: Investigating genetic factors that may predispose individuals to tinnitus or influence its severity.
• Brain Imaging Research: Advanced neuroimaging techniques are helping to better understand the neural correlates of tinnitus, potentially leading to more targeted treatments.

How might these emerging treatments change the landscape of tinnitus management? As research progresses, we may see more personalized and effective treatment options, potentially offering relief to those who haven’t responded to current therapies.

Living with Tinnitus: Coping Strategies and Support

For many individuals, learning to live with tinnitus is an important aspect of management. While medical treatments can be helpful, developing coping strategies and seeking support can significantly improve quality of life.

Practical Coping Strategies

• Sound Enrichment: Using background noise or music to mask tinnitus, especially during quiet times or at night.
• Mindfulness and Meditation: Practices that can help reduce stress and shift focus away from tinnitus.
• Regular Exercise: Physical activity can improve overall well-being and potentially reduce tinnitus perception.
• Sleep Hygiene: Maintaining good sleep habits to minimize the impact of tinnitus on sleep quality.

Support and Education

Joining support groups or online communities can provide valuable emotional support and practical advice. These platforms allow individuals to share experiences, coping strategies, and stay informed about the latest developments in tinnitus research and treatment.

How can educating oneself about tinnitus help in managing the condition? Understanding tinnitus, its causes, and management options can empower individuals to take an active role in their treatment, reducing anxiety and improving overall outcomes.

Preventing Tinnitus: Protecting Your Auditory Health

While not all cases of tinnitus are preventable, taking steps to protect your hearing can significantly reduce the risk of developing this condition. Prevention strategies focus primarily on avoiding or mitigating exposure to loud noises, which is a common cause of both hearing loss and tinnitus.

Key Prevention Strategies

• Use Hearing Protection: Wear earplugs or earmuffs in noisy environments, including concerts, sporting events, or when using power tools.
• Follow the 60/60 Rule: When using headphones, listen at no more than 60% of maximum volume for no more than 60 minutes at a time.
• Take Listening Breaks: Give your ears time to recover after exposure to loud sounds.
• Be Mindful of Workplace Noise: If you work in a noisy environment, ensure proper hearing protection measures are in place.
• Regular Hearing Check-ups: Schedule periodic hearing tests, especially if you’re frequently exposed to loud noises.

Can lifestyle choices impact the risk of developing tinnitus? Indeed, certain lifestyle factors can influence auditory health. Maintaining cardiovascular health, managing stress, and avoiding ototoxic medications when possible can all contribute to reducing the risk of tinnitus.

The Role of Diet and Nutrition

While research is ongoing, some studies suggest that certain dietary factors may influence tinnitus:

• Reduce Salt Intake: Excessive salt consumption may exacerbate tinnitus in some individuals.
• Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: These substances can affect blood flow and may worsen tinnitus symptoms in some people.
• Maintain Adequate Vitamin B12 Levels: Some research suggests a link between vitamin B12 deficiency and tinnitus.

How significant is the impact of these dietary changes on tinnitus? While individual responses vary, many people report improvements in their tinnitus symptoms after making these dietary adjustments. It’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before making significant changes to your diet.

The Psychological Impact of Tinnitus: Mental Health Considerations

The persistent nature of tinnitus can have profound effects on an individual’s mental health and overall well-being. Understanding and addressing these psychological aspects is crucial for comprehensive tinnitus management.

Common Psychological Challenges

• Anxiety and Depression: The constant presence of tinnitus can lead to feelings of anxiety and depression in some individuals.
• Sleep Disturbances: Tinnitus often becomes more noticeable in quiet environments, potentially disrupting sleep patterns.
• Concentration Difficulties: The intrusive nature of tinnitus can make it challenging to focus on tasks or conversations.
• Social Isolation: Some individuals may withdraw from social situations due to the discomfort or embarrassment associated with tinnitus.

Psychological Interventions

Several psychological approaches have shown promise in helping individuals cope with the emotional impact of tinnitus:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps individuals develop coping strategies and change negative thought patterns associated with tinnitus.
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR): Teaches mindfulness techniques to reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Focuses on accepting the presence of tinnitus while committing to actions that improve quality of life.

How effective are these psychological interventions in managing tinnitus? Many individuals report significant improvements in their ability to cope with tinnitus and its impact on daily life after undergoing these therapies. The effectiveness often lies in changing one’s relationship with tinnitus rather than eliminating the sound itself.

The Importance of Holistic Care

Addressing the psychological aspects of tinnitus is increasingly recognized as a crucial component of comprehensive care. A holistic approach that combines medical treatments, sound therapy, and psychological support often yields the best outcomes for individuals living with tinnitus.

Integrating mental health support into tinnitus management can lead to improved overall outcomes, helping individuals not only manage the auditory symptoms but also maintain a high quality of life despite the presence of tinnitus.

When should I be concerned about ringing in my ears?

What is tinnitus?

Tinnitus is a generic term used to describe a ringing or noise in the ears that occurs in the absence of external sound. This is a very common condition that is thought to occur in up to 15% of people. It can occur in one or both ears, and often people will describe the sound as “coming from their head.” There are a variety of descriptions that people use for their tinnitus such as whooshing, ringing, pulsing, and/or buzzing, and the quality of the sound varies by individual.

Symptoms of tinnitus can cause great distress

While tinnitus can be caused by conditions that require medical attention, it is often a condition that is not medically serious. However, the distress and anxiety it produces can often disrupt people’s lives. Because of the negative impact tinnitus can have on people, it may be helpful to learn more information on what symptoms are common and benign (not serious), and those that require medical attention and interventions.

What causes tinnitus?

Tinnitus can be broken down into two major types: pulsatile and non-pulsatile.

Pulsatile tinnitus is a noise in the ear that sounds like a heartbeat. Often people will describe a perception of a pulsing in their head and the ability to hear their heartbeat. Tinnitus that sounds like someone’s heartbeat can be caused by normal or abnormal blood flow in the vessels near the ear. This type of tinnitus should be brought to the attention of your physician, because there are various rare conditions that cause it that may require medical intervention.

Non-pulsatile tinnitus is more common, but it can be more difficult to identify a cause. Most often tinnitus is associated with a hearing loss. However, people can have tinnitus with normal hearing. While people with tinnitus often believe the problem is with their ears, there is some evidence in tinnitus research that suggests the noise originates in the brain, even though it is perceived through the ears.

There are some specific conditions of the ear or brain that are associated with tinnitus. It is common for many of these conditions to have other symptoms associated with them, such as hearing loss or imbalance.

Despite the list of possible causes of tinnitus, often times there may be no identifiable causes, and doctors generically say that a patient has tinnitus. Even if a source of the tinnitus is identified, most tinnitus is due to benign, or non-threatening, conditions.

Note: This list is not intended to be comprehensive, but to provide representative examples of things that may cause tinnitus.

Should I be concerned about tinnitus?

Even though tinnitus is often benign, there are some specific symptoms that should alert people to seek medical evaluation:

• pulsatile tinnitus of any kind
• tinnitus in one ear only
• bothersome tinnitus that cannot be ignored
• tinnitus associated with room-spinning sensations (or vertigo)
• tinnitus associated with sudden changes or fluctuations in hearing status.

If you experience tinnitus with any of the symptoms above, it is important to discuss them with your doctor or an otolaryngologist, who is a specialist in diagnosing, managing, and treating medical conditions of the head and neck, including the ears.

What can I do about it?

The most important thing you can do about your tinnitus is discuss it with your physician. Often you will be sent for a hearing test, because most tinnitus is associated with some degree of hearing loss. The hearing test will often provide additional information to the physician about whether further tests are necessary.

If it is determined that tinnitus is caused by any of the conditions previously noted, treatment aimed at those conditions may offer relief. If there is hearing loss, hearing aids may help both hearing and tinnitus. Distraction techniques such as a white-noise machine or background noise may also help, particularly during sleep.

One of the challenges in treating non-pulsatile, benign tinnitus is that there are few medications that reliably resolve symptoms. It is also difficult to find medical therapies for tinnitus, because we are still working to identify a specific location where tinnitus originates. Despite this challenge, there is new research showing effective non-medication approaches to tinnitus, One example of this is neural stimulation techniques, which have shown promise in appropriate patients.

The most effective treatment for non-pulsatile, benign tinnitus is cognitive behavioral therapy. Specific behavioral therapy, called tinnitus retraining therapy, has consistently been shown to reduce tinnitus compared to other treatment modalities. This can also aid in addressing any underlying stress or anxiety about the condition.

Ultimately, tinnitus is a very challenging condition for both patients and physicians. Being informed is important in helping you manage this condition. If you feel that tinnitus is interfering with your life or causing you significant stress, ask your physician about your options.

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Tinnitus, Ringing In Ears Symptoms And Treatment

And it’s a surprisingly common affliction. More than 50 million people in the U.S. have experienced tinnitus, and about 20 percent of those who have it report that it negatively affects their quality of life, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Indeed, tinnitus can have substantial ripple effects on how a person feels and functions. During the day the condition can cause sufferers to have trouble focusing or thinking clearly; at night, it can lead to trouble sleeping, notes Quinton Gopen, an otolaryngologist at UCLA Medical Center.

But a ringing or buzzing in your ear can also be a sign of problems you shouldn’t try to ignore. If you have the sensation in one ear, as I did, such unilateral tinnitus could signal a (usually benign) tumor on the acoustic nerve. If you hear a noise that pulses like a heartbeat (what’s called pulsatile tinnitus) in one or both ears, the pattern could stem from blood vessel abnormalities or vascular malformations. In either case, see an ear, nose, throat (ENT) doctor (aka an otolaryngologist) who may order imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, to suss out these problems, Gopen says.

Although tinnitus can start at any age, it becomes more common as people get older. That’s because as the decades pass, the hair cells in the inner ear tend to degenerate, which in turn makes auditory neurons hyperactive, explains Michael Benninger, an otolaryngologist and chairman of the Head and Neck Institute at the Cleveland Clinic. “This hyperactivity causes them to respond as if they’re being stimulated by sound even when they aren’t,” he says. Exposure to loud noises (say, from listening to music at too high a volume with earbuds or enduring on-the-job exposure to roaring machinery) or having a strong family history of hearing loss increases your risk of developing tinnitus at a younger age, Benninger adds.

What’s more, having a severe ear infection, a disorder of the temporomandibular (jaw) joint, Ménière’s disease (a disorder of the inner ear) or an earwax blockage can increase your risk of developing the condition. Some medications can contribute to tinnitus, including high doses of aspirin and regular use of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen), as well as certain antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, diuretics and antidepressants. Once you have ringing in the ears, lifestyle factors such as stress and sleep deprivation can make it worse.

Sometimes, though, there isn’t a clear cause, as I discovered for myself. Because I had tinnitus in only one ear, I scheduled an appointment with an otolaryngologist, who turned out to be not too concerned about it, partly because he was my age (45) and had tinnitus in both ears. He examined my ears, sent me for a hearing test and ordered an MRI, to look for a structural cause. The results: My ears looked fine, my hearing turned out to be normal for my age, and the MRI showed nothing unusual in my head. All good news, except it didn’t explain why high-pitched sounds continued to recur in my left ear. I decided I’d have to learn to live with it, because there isn’t a cure for tinnitus.

Still, it’s worth seeing a doctor because if there is a physiological cause (such as a severe ear infection, a jaw joint disorder or excessive earwax), it’s often treatable. And even if there isn’t, a doctor can help you find ways to ease your symptoms. Some people experience a reduction in their tinnitus while taking supplements of lipoflavonoids or ginkgo biloba, for instance, though the research on their effectiveness is mixed, Gopen says. Others get relief from medications such as a tricyclic antidepressant (such as amitriptyline) or a benzodiazepine (such as Klonopin).

If you have hearing loss as well as tinnitus, wearing a hearing aid can help restore a more normal input of sounds, says Daniel Jethanamest, M.D., of the department of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery at New York University Langone Health, who explains that these devices can include features such as “habituation” sounds, which help the brain learn to ignore tinnitus’s ringing or buzzing, or “notch therapy,” which filters out the pitch of a person’s tinnitus, to enhance external sounds and inhibit internal ones.

Hearing aids for tinnitus aren’t recommended, however, if you don’t already have hearing loss. In that case, you can turn to sound-masking devices or other sound therapies to distract you from the internal noise. A relatively new device called Desyncra uses an iPod to deliver four tones, customized to match the individual’s tinnitus. Instead of relying on habituation, the goal is to reset modulation of the neuronal networks that are involved in tinnitus, Jethanamest explains. Doctors also recommend cognitive behavioral therapy to help patients cope with the condition.  

Luckily for me, my tinnitus is fairly mild, and, eight years on, it comes and goes — in both ears now and at a lower volume. It flares up mostly at night, particularly when I’m under a lot of stress or when I get wax buildup in my ears, so I make an effort to keep my ears clean and to relax before going to bed. If the tones arrive despite these precautions, I practice mindfulness meditation: I acknowledge their presence without reacting to them and focus on the pattern and sensation of my breathing; as I do this, the sounds seem to gradually fade, and I fall asleep. It’s not a fluke that this technique helps me. In a recent study, researchers in the United Kingdom found that practicing mindfulness meditation helped improve tinnitus more than relaxation therapy did.    

If my tinnitus worsens down the road, I’m counting on the possibility that new treatments will be available. Already, more aggressive treatments — such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, which use either magnetic pulses or electromagnetic energy to stimulate the brain — are being investigated for beneficial effects for those with unrelenting tinnitus that severely compromises their quality of life. One way or another, my hope is that a cure will be found for those who are truly bothered by the noises in their head.

Top 10 myths about tinnitus

Contributed by Joy Victory, managing editor, Healthy Hearing
Last updated February 11, 20202020-02-11T00:00:00-06:00

If you are one of the millions of people in the world that has tinnitus, you know it can impact everything from your work to your family and social life. That constant ringing in the ears can also lead to stress and depression. 

Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no actual sound is present. For many, tinnitus is characterized by ringing in the ears, but it can also sound like whistling, buzzing or hissing. 

Tinnitus can have many causes.

According to the American Tinnitus Association, tinnitus sufferers in the United States number in the millions. And with so many people suffering from tinnitus, it is more important than ever to be able to distinguish fact from fiction. Knowing the truth about tinnitus can give you the best chance to effectively approach the condition and reduce the symptoms to improve your quality of life.

Myth: Tinnitus is a disease

Tinnitus is not a disease in itself, but a symptom that is the result of any number of underlying medical conditions. Damaging noise, neurological damage, vascular disease, or even traumatic brain injury are just some examples of health issues that can contribute to tinnitus. Tinnitus (and hearing loss) can also develop as a reaction to certain medications. There is no “cure,” but there are treatments available that will lessen the symptoms and make tinnitus easier to live with.

Myth: I can just change my diet and my tinnitus will go away

While some feel that certain additives and foods such as alcohol, sodium and caffeine can aggravate tinnitus, they are not usually the root cause. It is always important to overall health to eat a balanced diet and maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes exercise, but tinnitus needs to be addressed separately. Tinnitus management strategies can include dietary and lifestyle changes, but these alone won’t “cure” tinnitus.

Myth: Only those with hearing loss get tinnitus

Yes, those with hearing loss can also get tinnitus, and they are often related. But it is also possible to get tinnitus without having hearing loss. If you are exposed to very loud noise, such as a rock concert or an explosion, you might experience temporary ringing in the ears. And certain other medical conditions or use of medications can cause tinnitus as well. Even if you don’t think you have hearing loss, it is still worth getting checked out by a hearing healthcare professional.

Myth: Everyone with tinnitus eventually goes deaf

Tinnitus and hearing loss often coexist but are separate conditions. Just because you have tinnitus doesn’t mean you have hearing loss, and even if you have hearing loss, it doesn’t mean you are going deaf. Hearing aids can correct hearing loss and can often manage tinnitus symptoms at the same time.

Myth: Hearing aids won’t help with tinnitus

The truth is that is that new developments in hearing aid technology can address both hearing loss and symptoms of tinnitus by increasing the sounds of external noise, thereby masking the internal sounds of tinnitus. This is known as “masking.” Advances have been made in sound therapy with great success, for example. Other ways to manage the symptoms include meditation, stress management techniques and changes in diet and exercise. See a hearing care professional that specializes in tinnitus to talk about your options.

Myth: There is nothing I can do about tinnitus

There is something you can do! Research into tinnitus is ongoing, and treatments are constantly evolving and improving. Whether your tinnitus is mild, moderate or severe, a hearing healthcare professional can offer solutions and treatments to help lessen the symptoms and make your condition more manageable. In addition, other healthcare professionals can diagnose and address the health issues that might be causing the tinnitus in the first place. There are also many at-home techniques, such as habituation, that can provide relief. 

Myth: Tinnitus is only from listening to loud music or using earbuds

While listening to dangerously loud music, or any excessive noise for that matter, can result in tinnitus, there can be many different causes. People of different ages, races, health statuses and socioeconomic backgrounds get tinnitus, and quite often there is no obvious reason. In other words, just because you don’t listen to loud music or use earbuds doesn’t mean you are immune.

Myth: Tinnitus is all in your head

Just because others can’t “see” your tinnitus, and there are no test results that will show the presence of it, doesn’t mean it isn’t all too real. Millions of people worldwide suffer from tinnitus, and it can vary from mild to debilitating. Don’t suffer in silence. There are experts that can help you manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Myth: Tinnitus is harmless

Fortunately, tinnitus is often harmless. But for some people, it can signal a serious medical problem, such as heart disease, high blood pressure or an acoustic neuroma. This is why you shouldn’t disregard the ringing in your ears—have a medical professional evaluate your symptoms.  

Myth: My partner’s tinnitus is no big deal

For people with bothersome, severe and/or chronic tinnitus, it can certainly affect their quality of life, and make it harder to relate to those around them. Some people may develop suicidal thoughts when they have tinnitus. Fortunately, there are specific ways to support your loved one with tinnitus.

Electric shocks to the tongue can quiet chronic ringing ears | Science

A device using a paddle to deliver mild shocks to the tongue, alongside sound therapy, can reduce tinnitus for up to 1 year, researchers claim.

Neuromod Devices Limited

By Cathleen O’GradyOct. 7, 2020 , 2:00 PM

Tinnitus—a constant ringing or buzzing in the ears that affects about 15% of people—is difficult to understand and even harder to treat. Now, scientists have shown shocking the tongue—combined with a carefully designed sound program—can reduce symptoms of the disorder, not just while patients are being treated, but up to 1 year later.

It’s “really important” work, says Christopher Cederroth, a neurobiologist at the University of Nottingham, University Park, who was not involved with the study. The finding, he says, joins other research that has shown “bimodal” stimulation—which uses sound alongside some kind of gentle electrical shock—can help the brain discipline misbehaving neurons.

Hubert Lim, a biomedical engineer at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, hit on the role of the tongue in tinnitus by accident. A few years ago, he experimented with using a technique called deep brain stimulation to restore his patients’ hearing. When he inserted a pencil-size rod covered in electrodes directly into the brains of five patients, some of those electrodes landed slightly outside the target zone—a common problem with deep brain stimulation, Lim says. Later, when he started up the device to map out its effects on the brain, a patient who had been bothered by ringing ears for many years, said, “Oh, my tinnitus! I can’t hear my tinnitus,” Lim recalls.

With certain kinds of tinnitus, people hear real sounds. For instance, there might be repeated muscular contractions in the ear, Lim says. But for many people, it’s the brain that’s to blame, perceiving sounds that aren’t there. One potential explanation for the effect is that hearing loss causes the brain to overcompensate for the frequencies it can no longer hear.

Further testing in guinea pigs revealed the best body parts to stimulate to shut off tinnitus, Lim says. He and colleagues tested the ears, neck, limbs, and “you know … other places,” he says, eventually concluding the tongue was the best target.

Then Lim turned to humans. In the team’s experiment, 326 people with tinnitus sat for up to 1 hour at a time with a small plastic paddle on their tongue. Tiny electrodes in the paddle delivered an electrical current designed to broadly excite the brain, getting activity going through a number of interconnected regions. The electrical stimulation feels a little like pop rocks candy fizzing in your mouth, Lim says.

Subjects also wore headphones that delivered a more targeted hit to the brain’s auditory system. Each person heard a rapidly changing series of pure tones at different frequencies, against a background noise that sounds “kind of like electronic music,” Lim says. The goal of the two together was to distract the brain by heightening its sensitivity, forcing it to suppress the activity that causes tinnitus. “The brain can only pay attention to so many things,” Lim says.

Over the 12 weeks of treatment, the patients’ tinnitus symptoms improved dramatically. More than 80% of those who complied with the prescribed regimen saw an improvement. And they saw an average drop of about 14 points on a tinnitus severity score of one to 100, the researchers report today in Science Translational Medicine. When the team followed up after 12 months, 80% of the participants still had lower tinnitus scores, with average drops of 12.7 and 14.5 points.

The results are “quite impressive,” Cederroth says. The reduction in symptoms is larger than other studies have found for bimodal stimulation, he says, and it’s the first evidence of such long-term effects. A 2018 paper that stimulated the skin on the neck and cheek over a shorter time improved patients’ tinnitus, but there was a smaller dip in severity scores, he notes, of only about seven points. And cognitive behavioral therapy, a kind of talk therapy that is currently the only clinically validated tinnitus therapy, improves severity scores by about 10 points on average.

Still, University of Oxford neuroscientist Victoria Bajo notes there was no control group in the trial. Without that, she says, it’s impossible to know how much patients would have improved on their own or with a placebo. The work is good, she says, “but this is the beginning.”

*Correction, 7 October, 4:05 p.m.: An earlier version of this story stated the tongue was the best part, rather than one of the best parts, to shut off tinnitus in guinea pigs.

Flavonoid | Signs of Tinnitus in Teens

Is he or she a gamer? Musician? Athlete? Tinnitus isn’t cliquish. It can affect just about anyone. Tinnitus in teens is more common than one might think. According to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHoP), about one-third of adolescents experience tinnitus. ¹

In an age of constant connectivity, teens are increasingly experiencing tinnitus and hearing loss for many reasons, most often due to extended periods of listening to music with earbuds. Oftentimes, ringing in their ears goes unnoticed, because they don’t complain. They think it is perfectly normal. The good thing is that tinnitus in teens tends to dissipate as they age. The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery reports that it’s unusual to see a child carry tinnitus into adulthood. ²

Studies reveal that simple things like wax build up, ear and sinus infections, and exposure to second-hand smoke can be contributing factors. Acquired or congenital hearing loss, dizziness, certain medications (like antibiotics, aspirin and chemotherapy), and a family history of tinnitus are also likely catalysts. As with adults, teens with continuous tinnitus suffer from what scientists are calling psycho-emotional factors like anxiety and depression, so it’s important to watch for unusual signs your teens may have.

Signs Your Teen Might Have Tinnitus

• Sensitivity to noise
• Poor focus, restlessness
• Tantrums, irritability, holding their ears or head
• Severe fatigue
• Anxiety or depression
• Complaints of buzzing, ringing, clicking or similar sounds

If your teen exhibits any of these warning signs, take him or her to a physician or an otolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat – ENT specialist). While there is no cure for tinnitus, treatments and therapies can help manage your teen’s ear-ringing symptoms. Remember, tinnitus in teens is real and it’s more common than most people think. Look for the warning signs, and remind them to lower the volume in their earbuds.

Sources

1 – “What is Tinnitus (Ringing in Ears)?” Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/tinnitus

2 – “When Your Child Has Tinnitus,” Patient Health Information, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,

https://www.entnet.org//content/when-your-child-has-tinnitus

– “Chronic Tinnitus in Children and Adolescents,” U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9476106

The offer does not constitute medical advice. The offer is not a substitute for medication or other treatment prescribed by a physician or health care provider. Users should consult a doctor before starting any treatment.

Tinnitus After Head Injury: Understanding Causes & Treatment

Head injuries can sometimes lead to a persistent ringing in the ears, also known as tinnitus.

Tinnitus is not a disease but rather a symptom of another underlying problem. Therefore, treatment for tinnitus after a head injury will depend on diagnosing the root cause.

In this article, you will learn the possible causes of tinnitus following a head injury as well as how to treat it. We’ll also provide different ways to adjust if treatment is not possible.

What is Tinnitus?

Tinnitus refers to the perception of sound within the ear when there is no outside noise. According to researchers, approximately 53% of traumatic brain injury patients develop tinnitus. This number is higher in those who experience blast-induced brain injuries.

Tinnitus can occur in one or both ears, constantly or intermittently, and can vary in intensity and pitch. Generally, the sound is perceived as originating from inside the ear. Sometimes, however, it can sound like it is coming from the outside.

The sound that people with tinnitus experience is typically
described as a high-pitched ringing noise. Other sounds that people describe
include:

• Hissing
• Static
• Buzzing
• Whooshing
• Pulsing
• Dial tones

Some patients even hear music, although this is rare.
Feelings of aural fullness (pressure) and pain in or around the ear can
also accompany tinnitus.

Causes of Tinnitus

Tinnitus can occur for a variety of reasons after head injury or concussion. The most common causes that occur as a result of trauma are listed below:

1. Ossicular Chain Disruption

The ossicular chain is composed of three small bones in the middle ear. They help transmit sound from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea of the inner ear.

Head trauma may lead to a loss of alignment between these bones, which may cause conductive hearing loss. It may also cause tinnitus.

Tinnitus caused by damage to bones or other structures is known as somatic tinnitus.

2. Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Another type of somatic tinnitus occurs after damage to the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The TMJ is located in front of the ears, where
the lower jaw connects to the skull.

The TMJ shares ligaments and nerve connections with the
middle ear. Therefore, damage to the muscles or cartilage in the jaw after head
injury can lead to tinnitus.

If your tinnitus is caused by a TMJ disorder, you may also experience other symptoms, such as:

• Pain in face or jaw
• Restricted jaw movement
• Popping sounds when talking or chewing

In most cases, treating the TMJ disorder may eliminate tinnitus.

3. Labyrinthine “Concussion”

This occurs when the inner ear becomes damaged. Unlike other causes of tinnitus after a head injury, this does not cause bone fractures. Instead, the extreme force of the injury itself nearly destroys the cochlea.

Labyrinthine concussions typically lead to complete hearing
loss and are often accompanied by tinnitus.

4. Meniere’s Syndrome

Sometimes head injury can lead to a problem known as Meniere’s Syndrome. This disorder causes a build-up of pressure within the inner ear.

This pressure causes the fluid in the ear to move too much, which may affect your hearing as well as your balance.

Besides affecting your hearing, this abnormal pressure in the ear may cause tinnitus symptoms.

There is no known cure for Meniere’s syndrome. However, steroids and other medications may alleviate symptoms, including tinnitus.

5. Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Sensorineural hearing loss is often accompanied by tinnitus. This type occurs when there is damage to either the hair-like cells in the inner ear that transfer sound or to the auditory nerve itself.

It usually doesn’t cause complete hearing loss. Instead, it mainly affects certain frequencies.

Researchers still do not fully understand why hearing loss causes tinnitus. However, it is known that loss of certain sound frequencies changes how the brain processes sound. In other words, when the brain receives less external stimuli from a certain frequency, the brain will adapt to this change.

Therefore, some researchers suggest that tinnitus may be a result of the brain filling in the missing sound frequencies it no longer receives.

Treating Tinnitus After Head Injury

Most cases of tinnitus after a head injury may be treated by addressing the root cause. For example, surgery to repair ossicular chain disruption may alleviate tinnitus symptoms. That’s why a thorough diagnosis by a hearing specialist is crucial.

If tinnitus is caused by changes in the way the brain processes sound, there may be no way to cure it. However, there are still ways to manage the symptoms, which we will look at below.

Masking as a Coping Mechanism

In those cases where tinnitus cannot be cured, the alternative is to learn different ways to manage it. One popular technique that many tinnitus patients use is called “masking.”

With masking, a small device that resembles a hearing aid is
worn (headphones can also work). This device produces customized sounds that
drown out the annoying ringing noise of tinnitus.

You can also use standard masking sounds such as music, nature sounds, or white noise from a fan.

In some cases, masking actually engages neuroplasticity and retrains the brain to tune out annoying or repetitive sounds. Eventually, the person may not need to use masking anymore.

This technique does not always work, however. As a result, patients
may need to rely on masking for most of their lives.

Other Treatments

Besides masking, there are also other techniques that may reduce tinnitus severity. Tinnitus often increases during periods of high stress, so finding ways to decrease anxiety can sometimes help. Some methods that may reduce tinnitus symptoms include:

While these methods will not directly treat tinnitus, they might help decrease its impact on your mental health.

Tinnitus After Head Injury

Tinnitus causes persistent ringing in the ear after a head injury and is often disturbing and disruptive. It occurs for a variety of reasons, including changes to the way the brain processes sound.

There is no cure for tinnitus, but there are ways to manage it. To find the best course of action, make an appointment with an Audiologist. They may determine the precise cause of your tinnitus and suggest ways to approach treatment.

What Is Ménière’s Disease? — Diagnosis and Treatment

What is Ménière’s disease?

Ménière’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes severe dizziness (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness or congestion in the ear. Ménière’s disease usually affects only one ear.

Attacks of dizziness may come on suddenly or after a short period of tinnitus or muffled hearing. Some people will have single attacks of dizziness separated by long periods of time. Others may experience many attacks closer together over a number of days. Some people with Ménière’s disease have vertigo so extreme that they lose their balance and fall. These episodes are called “drop attacks.”

Ménière’s disease can develop at any age, but it is more likely to happen to adults between 40 and 60 years of age. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) estimates that approximately 615,000 individuals in the United States are currently diagnosed with Ménière’s disease and that 45,500 cases are newly diagnosed each year.

What causes the symptoms of Ménière’s disease?

The labyrinth in relation to the ear

The labyrinth is composed of the semicircular canals, the otolithic organs (i.e., utricle and saccule), and the cochlea. Inside their walls (bony labyrinth) are thin, pliable tubes and sacs (membranous labyrinth) filled with endolymph.

Credit: NIH/NIDCD

The symptoms of Ménière’s disease are caused by the buildup of fluid in the compartments of the inner ear, called the labyrinth. The labyrinth contains the organs of balance (the semicircular canals and otolithic organs) and of hearing (the cochlea). It has two sections: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is filled with a fluid called endolymph that, in the balance organs, stimulates receptors as the body moves. The receptors then send signals to the brain about the body’s position and movement. In the cochlea, fluid is compressed in response to sound vibrations, which stimulates sensory cells that send signals to the brain.

In Ménière’s disease, the endolymph buildup in the labyrinth interferes with the normal balance and hearing signals between the inner ear and the brain. This abnormality causes vertigo and other symptoms of Ménière’s disease.

Why do people get Ménière’s disease?

Many theories exist about what happens to cause Ménière’s disease, but no definite answers are available. Some researchers think that Ménière’s disease is the result of constrictions in blood vessels similar to those that cause migraine headaches. Others think Ménière’s disease could be a consequence of viral infections, allergies, or autoimmune reactions. Because Ménière’s disease appears to run in families, it could also be the result of genetic variations that cause abnormalities in the volume or regulation of endolymph fluid.

How does a doctor diagnose Ménière’s disease?

Ménière’s disease is most often diagnosed and treated by an otolaryngologist (commonly called an ear, nose, and throat doctor, or ENT). However, there is no definitive test or single symptom that a doctor can use to make the diagnosis. Diagnosis is based upon your medical history and the presence of:

• Two or more episodes of vertigo lasting at least 20 minutes each
• Tinnitus
• Temporary hearing loss
• A feeling of fullness in the ear

Some doctors will perform a hearing test to establish the extent of hearing loss caused by Ménière’s disease. To rule out other diseases, a doctor also might request magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain.

How is Ménière’s disease treated?

Ménière’s disease does not have a cure yet, but your doctor might recommend some of the treatments below to help you cope with the condition.

• Medications. The most disabling symptom of an attack of Ménière’s disease is dizziness. Prescription drugs such as meclizine, diazepam, glycopyrrolate, and lorazepam can help relieve dizziness and shorten the attack.
• Salt restriction and diuretics. Limiting dietary salt and taking diuretics (water pills) help some people control dizziness by reducing the amount of fluid the body retains, which may help lower fluid volume and pressure in the inner ear.
• Other dietary and behavioral changes. Some people claim that caffeine, chocolate, and alcohol make their symptoms worse and either avoid or limit them in their diet. Not smoking also may help lessen the symptoms.
• Cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy is a type of talk therapy that helps people focus on how they interpret and react to life experiences. Some people find that cognitive therapy helps them cope better with the unexpected nature of attacks and reduces their anxiety about future attacks.
• Injections. Injecting the antibiotic gentamicin into the middle ear helps control vertigo but significantly raises the risk of hearing loss because gentamicin can damage the microscopic hair cells in the inner ear that help us hear. Some doctors inject a corticosteroid instead, which often helps reduce dizziness and has no risk of hearing loss.
• Pressure pulse treatment. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a device for Ménière’s disease that fits into the outer ear and delivers intermittent air pressure pulses to the middle ear. The air pressure pulses appear to act on endolymph fluid to prevent dizziness.
  

  Location of endolymphatic sac

  Credit: NIH/NIDCD

• Surgery. Surgery may be recommended when all other treatments have failed to relieve dizziness. Some surgical procedures are performed on the endolymphatic sac to decompress it. Another possible surgery is to cut the vestibular nerve, although this occurs less frequently.
• Alternative medicine. Although scientists have studied the use of some alternative medical therapies in Ménière’s disease treatment, there is still no evidence to show the effectiveness of such therapies as acupuncture or acupressure, tai chi, or herbal supplements such as gingko biloba, niacin, or ginger root. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are using alternative therapies, since they sometimes can impact the effectiveness or safety of conventional medicines.

What is the outlook for someone with Ménière’s disease?

Scientists estimate that six out of 10 people either get better on their own or can control their vertigo with diet, drugs, or devices. However, a small group of people with Ménière’s disease will get relief only by undergoing surgery.

What research about Ménière’s disease is being done?

Insights into the biological mechanisms in the inner ear that cause Ménière’s disease will guide scientists as they develop preventive strategies and more effective treatment. The NIDCD is supporting scientific research across the country that is:

• Determining the most effective dose of gentamicin with the least amount of risk for hearing loss.
• Developing an in-ear device that uses a programmable microfluid pump (the size of a computer chip) to precisely deliver vertigo-relieving drugs to the inner ear.
• Studying the relationship between endolymph volume and inner ear function to determine how much endolymph is “too much.” Researchers are hoping to develop methods for manipulating inner ear fluids and treatments that could lower endolymph volume and reduce or eliminate dizziness.

Where can I find additional information about Ménière’ disease?

NIDCD maintains a directory of organizations that can answer questions and provide printed or electronic information on Ménière’s. Please see the list of organizations at www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory.

Use the following keywords to help you search for organizations that can answer questions and provide printed or electronic information on Ménière’s disease:

NIDCD Information Clearinghouse
1 Communication Avenue
Bethesda, MD 20892-3456
Toll-free voice: (800) 241-1044
Toll-free TTY: (800) 241-1055
Email: nidcdinfo@nidcd. nih.gov

NIH Publication No. 10–3404
July 2010

90,000 Victory rings through the years

The traditional annual festival of the patriotic book “Victory rings through the years!” Was held in the libraries of the Anapa centralized library system.

The Union of significant dates – the Year of Literature and the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War – provided libraries with the opportunity to fully reveal the true value and moral potential of the heroic-patriotic book. A distinctive feature of the festival this year was its length: a month of mass defense and military-patriotic work was the start, and the Great Victory Day was a bright apotheosis.

From the very beginning of the year, the library halls were decorated with book-illustrated exhibitions and information-patriotic showcases “Through the years Victory rings!”, “This feat in our hearts”, “Books-warriors, books-soldiers” patriotic themes.

The virtual parade “Your feat, soldier of Victory, will live for centuries” united multimedia presentations, electronic book exhibitions, book trailers dedicated to heroic pages: events, dates, people.

“Round tables”, lessons of courage and memory, literary and patriotic hours were held in libraries, where the most valuable were meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War – true witnesses and creators of the Victory, whose memories left a vivid mark in the heart of everyone present. In children’s libraries within the framework of the international patriotic action “Reading to Children about War” the children wrote and presented essays and essays about the participants of the Great Patriotic War.

The theme of war and Victory sounded piercingly in the events of the annual festival “Biblionnight-2015”: literary and patriotic halts, meetings with eyewitnesses, readings of heroic works, musical compositions and even treating soldiers with porridge turned the pages of patriotic books, spent miles of front roads.

On May 9, on the square in front of the Victory Cinema and Concert Hall, the final stage of the festival of the patriotic book “Through the Years the Victory Ringing!” Took place. Book-illustrated exhibitions and panoramas “The Eternal Flame of Victory”, “Dedicated to the Soldier to the Winner …” were unfolded around the fountain; an open-air reading room “War and Victory in the heart, in memory, in books”, art exhibitions “I painted the harsh face of war”, “War through the eyes of the young.”

The exhibition “Memory is stronger than time” became the center of attention, which reflected documentary information and photographic materials about the veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the events of the war years.This exhibition was preceded by a large search work of librarians, readers, residents of the city. Everyone could test their knowledge of military events and solve the crossword puzzle “Victory Books”.

The virtual historical and local history expedition “Memory and glory bequeathed to us” helped to travel back in time to the City of Military Glory and to trace the liberation of the region from the Nazi invaders using an interactive map.

Children and adults took part in the master class “Victory Salute by the Artist’s Brush”, transferring scenes from books to the canvas, as well as the joy and revitalization of the festive city.All those present were able not only to get acquainted with the best patriotic books, leave feedback and recommendations, but also, together with the library staff, artists, poets, creative teams, to feel the atmosphere of wartime and feel the joy of the Great Victory.

The Patriotic Book Festival has once again shown the significance of the heroic deed of the people during the Great Patriotic War through the literary word. The interest not only of older people, but also of young people in the patriotic book is obvious.

The festival is over, and good literature on heroic-patriotic themes awaits its readers on the shelves of libraries.

Material and photos courtesy of Anapa Centralized Library System

90,000 The planet’s atmosphere rings like a giant bell. How does it threaten people

https://ria.ru/20200831/atmosfera-1576430605.html

The planet’s atmosphere rings like a giant bell. Than it threatens people

The atmosphere of the planet rings like a giant bell.How does it threaten people – RIA Novosti, 08/31/2020

The planet’s atmosphere rings like a giant bell. How it threatens people

The Earth’s atmosphere vibrates like a giant bell: waves propagate along the equator in both directions, encircling the globe. To this conclusion … RIA Novosti, 31.08.2020

2020-08-31T08: 00

2020-08-31T08: 00

2020-08-31T13: 40

Science

Antarctica

Earth – Ria science

physics

climate

weather

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MOSCOW, 31 Aug – RIA Novosti, Vladislav Strekopytov. The Earth’s atmosphere vibrates like a giant bell: waves travel along the equator in both directions, encircling the globe. This conclusion was reached by scientists from Japan and the United States, confirming the long-standing hypothesis of atmospheric resonance. What is this phenomenon and is it possible to predict the weather and long-term climate changes on its basis – in the material of RIA Novosti.Laplace Waves In the early 19th century, the French physicist and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace compared the Earth’s atmosphere to a vast ocean covering the planet and derived formulas known today as Laplace’s tidal equations and used in calculations to make weather forecasts. ebb and flow, as well as waves of air masses and heat energy. Among other things, he mentioned vertical oscillations at the Earth’s surface, propagating in the horizontal direction, which can be recorded by changes in surface pressure.Atmospheric heat tides associated with the Earth’s rotation have long been discovered by geophysicists. However, the horizontal waves could not be detected. And now it’s clear why. As Takatoshi Sakazaki of the Graduate School of Science of Kyoto University and Kevin Hamilton, professor of the International Pacific Research Center at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, discovered, Laplace waves have very large scales – they cover almost entire hemispheres – and very short periods. less than a day. Therefore, they were overlooked both in the study of local atmospheric phenomena, such as thunderstorms, and in the study of large, but long-term movements of air masses.Earth’s Chessboard The authors of the study analyzed data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for 38 years – from 1979 to 2016 inclusive, including hourly changes in surface atmospheric pressure across the entire surface of the planet. As a result, dozens of previously unknown wave modes were identified – systems of harmonic oscillations, which scientists call modes. The researchers are especially interested in waves with short periods from two to 33 hours, propagating horizontally in the atmosphere around the globe at a tremendous speed – more than 1100 kilometers per hour. The zones of high and low pressure associated with these waves create a characteristic “checkerboard” pattern on the map, which, however, is different for each of the four main modes – Kelvin, Rossby waves, gravitational waves, and a combination of the latter two. similar to a ringing bell, when high overtones are superimposed on the main low-frequency background. It is this combination of deep background sound with subtle overflows that makes the bell ringing so pleasant. Only the “music” of the Earth is not sound, but waves of atmospheric pressure covering the entire globe.Each of the four main modes is a resonance of the atmosphere, by analogy with the resonances of a bell. At the same time, low-frequency Kelvin waves propagate from east to west, and the rest – from west to east. The parameters of the resonance calculated by scientists, which occurs when all four modes are added, exactly coincided with the predictions of Laplace. And this confirmed his main idea that the weather is governed by atmospheric pressure waves. “It is gratifying that the vision of Laplace and other pioneer physicists is fully confirmed two centuries later,” – quoted in a press release from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the words of Takatoshi Sakazaki.“Our identification of so many modes in real data shows that the atmosphere really rings like a bell,” Hamilton continues. As possible causes of global resonance, the authors name the occurrence of hidden heating zones due to atmospheric convection and the cascade mechanism of propagation of turbulent energy flows. Equatorial winds in Antarctica Another phenomenon associated with waves in the atmosphere was recently explained by American scientists from Clemson University in South Carolina and the University of Colorado in Boulder.Observing polar vortices at McMurdo station in Antarctica – massive circular currents of cold air that spiral above each of the Earth’s poles – they noticed that the Antarctic vortex is synchronized with the phases of quasi-biennial oscillations in the atmosphere (QBO). latitudinal winds blowing at the Earth’s equator change direction from east to west. The front begins at an altitude of more than 30 kilometers in the stratosphere and moves downward at a speed of about one kilometer per month.After 13-14 months, wind inversion occurs simultaneously along the entire equator. A complete cycle, therefore, takes from 26 to 28 months. The Americans found that during the eastern phase of the QBO, the Antarctic vortex expands, and during the western phase it contracts. This is explained by the passage through different layers of the atmosphere of meridional gravitational waves from the equator to the poles. These waves were recorded and suggested that they are associated with a change in the direction of the winds blowing at the equator – at a distance of more than nine thousand kilometers from the observation site.Comparison with data from NASA’s MERRA-2 meteorological and atmospheric observation system for the period from 1999 to 2019 fully confirmed this. It has long been known that the expansion of the polar vortex zone brings cold weather to mid-latitudes. However, the fact that the root cause is a change in the direction of stratospheric winds in the tropics came as a surprise. Scientists hope that the patterns they have identified will lead to more accurate climate and atmospheric circulation models for weather forecasting. At the same time, they are concerned about the increasing impact of anthropogenic factors in recent decades.So, four years ago, we noticed a violation of the cyclicity of the FTC. In February 2016, the transition to easterly winds was abruptly interrupted. One of the possible causes is global warming. Alarm bell An even greater concern is the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, often also associated with wave anomalies in the atmosphere. In particular, scientists point to the emergence of quasi-stationary atmospheric Rossby waves in the Northern Hemisphere. Rossby Waves are giant bends in high-altitude winds that have a profound effect on the weather. If they pass into a quasi-stationary state, the change of cyclones and anticyclones is suspended. As a result, in some places it rains for weeks, turning into floods, while in others anomalous heat is set, like this year in the Arctic. Heat waves and droughts coming to Central and North America, Central and Eastern Europe, the Caspian Sea region and East Asia several times over the summer and lasting one to two weeks, cause serious damage to agriculture. For several years in a row, harvests have been declining here, which complicates the social situation.So the “music” of the Earth more and more often sounds not like a gentle melody, but an alarming alarm bell.

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Antarctica, Earth – RIA Science, Physics, Climate, Weather

MOSCOW, Aug 31 – RIA Novosti, Vladislav Strekopytov. The Earth’s atmosphere vibrates like a giant bell: waves travel along the equator in both directions, encircling the globe. This conclusion was reached by scientists from Japan and the United States, confirming the long-standing hypothesis of atmospheric resonance. What is this phenomenon and is it possible to predict the weather and long-term climate changes on its basis – in the material of RIA Novosti.

Laplace Waves

In the early 19th century, the French physicist and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace compared the Earth’s atmosphere to a huge ocean covering the planet and derived formulas, known today as Laplace’s tidal equations, used in calculations to make weather forecasts.

Laplace believed that the atmosphere has its own ebb and flow, as well as waves of air masses and thermal energy. Among other things, he mentioned vertical oscillations at the Earth’s surface, propagating in the horizontal direction, which can be recorded by changes in surface pressure.

Atmospheric heat tides associated with the rotation of the Earth have long been discovered by geophysicists. However, the horizontal waves could not be detected. And now it’s clear why.

As Takatoshi Sakazaki of the Graduate School of Science of Kyoto University and Kevin Hamilton, professor at the International Pacific Research Center at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, found out, Laplace waves have very large scales – they cover almost entire hemispheres – and very short periods, less than a day.Therefore, they were overlooked both in the study of local atmospheric phenomena, such as thunderstorms, and in the study of large, but long-term movements of air masses.

“Checkerboard” of the Earth

The authors of the study analyzed data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for 38 years – from 1979 to 2016 inclusive, including hourly changes in surface atmospheric pressure across the entire surface of the planet. As a result, dozens of previously unknown wave modes were identified – systems of harmonic oscillations, which scientists call modes.

The researchers were especially interested in waves with short periods from two to 33 hours, propagating horizontally in the atmosphere around the globe at a tremendous speed – more than 1100 kilometers per hour.

The high and low pressure zones associated with these waves create a characteristic checkerboard pattern on the map, which, however, is different for each of the four main modes – Kelvin, Rossby, gravitational waves and a combination of the latter two.

Air bell

It turned out that the Earth’s atmosphere resembles a ringing bell when high overtones are superimposed on the main low-frequency background.It is this combination of deep background sound with subtle overflows that makes the bell ringing so enjoyable.

Only the “music” of the Earth is not sound, but waves of atmospheric pressure, covering the entire globe. Each of the four main modes is a resonance of the atmosphere, by analogy with the resonances of a bell. In this case, low-frequency Kelvin waves propagate from east to west, and the rest – from west to east.

The parameters of the resonance, calculated by scientists, arising from the addition of all four modes, exactly coincided with the predictions of Laplace.And this confirmed his main idea that the weather is controlled by atmospheric pressure waves.

“It is gratifying that the vision of Laplace and other pioneer physicists is fully confirmed two centuries later,” Takatoshi Sakazaki quoted in a press release from the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

“Our identification of so many modes in real-world data shows that the atmosphere really rings like a bell,” Hamilton continues. …

As possible causes of global resonance, the authors name the occurrence of hidden heating zones due to atmospheric convection and the cascade mechanism of propagation of turbulent energy flows.

Equatorial winds in Antarctica

Another phenomenon associated with waves in the atmosphere was recently explained by American scientists from Clemson University in South Carolina and the University of Colorado at Boulder. cold air, which rotate in a spiral over each of the poles of the Earth – they noticed: the Antarctic vortex is synchronized with the phases of quasi-biennial oscillations in the atmosphere (QBO).

Approximately every two years, latitudinal winds blowing at the Earth’s equator change direction from east to west. The front begins at an altitude of more than 30 kilometers in the stratosphere and moves downward at a speed of about one kilometer per month. After 13-14 months, wind inversion occurs simultaneously along the entire equator. The complete cycle thus takes 26 to 28 months.

The Americans have established that during the eastern phase of the QBO, the Antarctic vortex expands and contracts during the western phase.This is explained by the passage through different layers of the atmosphere of meridional gravitational waves from the equator to the poles.

These waves were recorded and suggested that they are associated with a change in the direction of the winds blowing at the equator – at a distance of more than nine thousand kilometers from the place of observation. Comparison with data from NASA’s MERRA-2 meteorological and atmospheric observation system for the period from 1999 to 2019 fully confirmed this.

It has long been known that the expansion of the polar vortex zone brings cold weather to mid-latitudes.However, the fact that the root cause is a change in the direction of stratospheric winds in the tropics came as a surprise.

Scientists hope the patterns they have identified will lead to more accurate climate and atmospheric circulation models for weather forecasting. At the same time, they are concerned about the increasing impact of anthropogenic factors in recent decades.

So, four years ago we noticed a violation of the cyclicity of the FTC. In February 2016, the transition to easterly winds was abruptly interrupted.One of the possible causes is global warming. 21 July 2020, 08:00 ScienceElectrified atmosphere. Scientists have warned: more lightning

Alarm bell

More worrying is the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, often also associated with wave anomalies in the atmosphere. In particular, scientists point to the emergence of quasi-stationary atmospheric Rossby waves in the Northern Hemisphere. Rossby Waves are giant bends in high-altitude winds that have a profound effect on the weather.If they pass into a quasi-stationary state, the change of cyclones and anticyclones is suspended. As a result, in some places it rains for weeks, turning into floods, while in others anomalous heat is set, like this year in the Arctic. Heat waves and droughts coming to Central and North America, Central and Eastern Europe, the Caspian Sea region and East Asia several times over the summer and lasting one to two weeks, cause serious damage to agriculture. For several years in a row, harvests have been declining here, which complicates the social situation.

So the “music” of the Earth more and more often sounds not like a gentle melody, but an alarming alarm bell.

24 August 2020, 08:00 About our kindergarten

the main
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About our garden

Our pearl!

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution “Child Development Center – kindergarten No. 111 of the city of Vladivostok” was opened in March 1989 for 320 children. The kindergarten is located in the central part of the city on Tolstoy Street, 47 in the vicinity of Busse Hill, it bears the beautiful sea name “Pearl” and for many years has been ringing in the whole district with the bright and cheerful voices of many girls and boys.

Children from 2 to 7 years old are admitted to MBDOU. Preschool occupancy rate

institutions for 360 children. There are 14 groups in the kindergarten: 1 group for toddlers and 13 for preschool. Since 2011, 2 groups of different ages for short-term stay of children have been organized, which are located on the territory of MBOU secondary school №40.

The preschool institution will celebrate its 25th anniversary in 2014. You can proudly

to say that the Kindergarten is one of the largest, most beautiful and comfortable preschool educational institutions in the city of Vladivostok – this is our “Pearl”!

The preschool educational institution is equipped with: 14 group rooms, a medical block,

physical culture and music halls, methodological room, psychologist’s office.The organization of the educational space and the pedagogical process is built taking into account the psychological and pedagogical requirements in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard.

On the territory of the Kindergarten there are equipped for each age

groups of plots with modern playgrounds, sports ground. The preschool educational institution is immersed in the green decoration of various representatives of the flora (Jasmine, Ledum, Forsythia, Sakura, Cherry Maksimovsky, Maple, Birch), among which there is an ecological path.Our Pearl is especially beautiful in spring, when you can contemplate all the variety of colors of flowering plants.

Natalya Vladimirovna Scheglova supervises the work of the team. Young

leaders with a high level of organizational skills. Natalya Vladimirovna easily found an approach to the teachers of our kindergarten.

Sanitary and epidemiological regime, diet, prevention

morbidity, control over the health of pupils is provided by the doctor Rogal Ekaterina Petrovna.

Musical directors carry out musical and aesthetic

activities: Shapovalova Irina Yakovlevna and Stasenko Irina Ivanovna. Their talents create bright holidays, entertainment, theatrical performances, and graduation balls.

Our educators, day after day, carry out the most necessary and important work in

garden, which requires special human qualities. 30% of teachers have higher education; secondary vocational – 70%; 5 teachers have the highest qualification category; I qualification category – 6 teachers.

For many years they have been giving their love to children: Shilkina Lyubov Tikhonovna – veteran

labor, has a medal for the valiant labor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; Ageenko Lyubov Fedorovna – veteran of labor; Soboleva Zinaida Vladimirovna; Osintseva Tamara Anatolyevna; Khudyashova Natalia Grigorievna; Aulova Tatiana Ivanovna.

A kindergarten development program at 5

has been developed and is being implemented at the preschool educational institution.

years, which includes issues of development, educational content and methods of teaching children and material and technical base.In kindergarten, long-term planning is carried out according to the lessons of the curriculum and other types of activity: play, work, walks, observation.

The collective of the preschool educational institution works according to the educational program of preschool education

“From birth to school” edited by M.A. Vasilyeva, V.V. Gerbovoy, T.S. Komarova, who ensures the implementation of the goals of the preschool educational institution – the harmonious development of the child’s personality, taking into account his physical, mental development, individual capabilities and abilities, ensuring readiness for schooling.The organization of the educational process is based on a complex – thematic principle with the leading game activity. As part of this program, our teachers implement modern educational technologies. Much attention is paid to physical, intellectual, ecological and aesthetic education. On the basis of the preschool educational institution, programs are being implemented: “Environmental education” S.N. Nikolaeva; OBZh by R. Sterkina, O. Knyazeva; author’s partial program “Nature and Music” O. P. Ril, I. Ya. Shapovalova.

Consultations are held for parents, parent meetings, open days

doors. Cooperation with parents is embodied in the work of the Board of Trustees, which takes part in such important issues as the repair of the kindergarten, equipping the preschool educational institution, and the purchase of toys.

preschool educational institution is a constant participant of regional and city competitions: “Merry Notes”,

“Ringing drops”, “Decoration of the New Year’s facade of educational institutions of the city”, city exhibitions – competitions of creative works, etc.In 2019, on the basis of the kindergarten, the semi-final of the city competition “Educator of the Year 2019” was held. It has already become a good tradition to hold subbotniks as part of city-wide improvement with close interaction between parents and pupils of the preschool educational institution. For the improvement of the territory within the framework of the “Clean City” program in 2012, the kindergarten took 1st place in the Leninsky district.

A preschool institution was visited in 2012 by a deputy of the Legislative Assembly of the Primorsky Territory

A.A. Samsonov, who presented an honorary diploma for conscientious work and high professionalism of the preschool educational institution.Chairman of the Board of the Primorsky Regional Branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society S.V. The potter, within the framework of the fire-fighting event “Fire is a friend, fire is an enemy”, presented a letter of gratitude to the DOE.

Partners of MBDOU “Kindergarten №111”: MBOU secondary school №40 and №2; PC IRO;

Regional Puppet Theater; Academy of Arts; Philharmonic; LLC Tourist Center “Athena – Pallada”.

All the work of the preschool educational institution is aimed at creating favorable conditions

development of children in accordance with their age and individual characteristics, the development of the abilities and creative potential of each child as a subject of relations with oneself, other children, adults and the world.In accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.

And now, in the new academic year, the next generation of former graduates of our

“Pearls” young parents are already leading their little ones by the hand to their beloved educators, remembering the kindergarten with love, warmth and gratitude.

90,000 The Manson Sect: What Happened “Once in Hollywood”

72 Years of Crime

Kathleen Manson-Bayer-Cavender gave birth to a son at 16, little is known about the biological father.The first time Manson was brought before the law at 12, his fate as a whole was similar to a series of “classic” events for a disadvantaged teenager: his mother was engaged in prostitution, and then went to prison, Charles himself, through relatives, ended up in a foster family. From the age of 12 begins a series of correctional institutions and other measures that were supposed to make Charles a worthy US citizen.

He receives his first “serious” term in 1955, when he is repeatedly caught stealing a car. He spends three years in prison.After being released, he becomes a pimp. From 1959 to 1967 – again a prison. Manson is a 32-year-old man who spent 17 years of his life in prison. After that, a sect formed around Manson, which he called the “Family” (from about 1967). “Family” was the culmination of all of Manson’s crimes. The “family” ultimately actually sent the most famous criminal of the 20th century to jail.

Manson in those years was a kind of spiritual mentor. His community was based on religious motives (similar to the Church’s ideas of the Last Judgment).He believed that God and the Devil would unite in the judgment of humanity. Community members moved around the country. In 1968, The Beach Boys drummer Dennis Wilson met Manson and his entourage. For the next several months, the entire community lived at Wilson’s home with his money. This continued until the musician’s manager kicked them out. “Family” moves to Spahn Ranch (featured in Quentin Tarantino’s Once Upon a Time in Hollywood). They participated in orgies, rituals and used large quantities of drugs.

It is not only parasitism on the member of The Beach Boys that connects Manson’s music. For his idea of ​​the apocalypse, he used the term Helter Skelter, the title of a song by The Beatles. Manson talked about a race war, to which members of the sect must push the world with murder. Manson himself wrote poetry and songs over the years. His song Look At Your Game Girl has over 2 million views on YouTube.

“They wake us up with a ding-ding-ding melody.

This is a grub building.

We will gnaw pieces of stale bread,

Drink black coffee, which rings in my head

Klats-bats-clats

Klats-bats-clats-bats-clats.

The judge said: “Well, buddy,

I took yours.”

What Tarantino Told

The loudest murder that the members of the “Family” committed on the orders of Manson is associated with the name of Sharon Tate, the wife of director Roman Polanski. On August 9, 1969, Family members broke into a Beverly Hills home and killed a pregnant Tate, her three guests, and even a dog. The people of Hollywood and the freedom of America will lose their peace. And after that, the sect will commit a “distracting” murder of another family, after which Manson’s life at large will end.

Linda Kasabian, his follower, testifies against Manson. She receives immunity from criminal prosecution and acts as the main witness throughout the process. The victims continued in the course of the trial: shortly before the meeting, the lawyer Ronald Hughes, appointed to Manson by the court, disappears. They will find him dismembered in five months. Perhaps the protector was killed by the remaining members of the sect. Manson and other members of the sect are sentenced to the gas chamber, but around the same time, the California Supreme Court abolished the death penalty.It will be renewed in 1978. The moratorium was introduced only in March 2019. Manson gets nine life sentences.

Tarantino in the film “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood” talks about the “Family” and the Tate. In the picture, they are presented only by sketches in the spirit of that time against the background of the main plot. The story of the murder itself is not disclosed. For the Russian viewer, the story may not be obvious, but in the United States about Manson is known as widely as in Russia it is known about Andrei Chikatilo.

In Manson’s words

Manson died in November 2017 at the age of 83.In prison, he continued the career of a real star. When he was 80 years old, he married a 26-year-old girl. “Why does a 26-year-old girl want to marry him? This suggests that he is attractive to the counterculture to this day. Manson is a rebel, criminal, radical vegetarian who is willing to kill to defend his ideas, ”comments Daniel Caine, professor of culture and literature at the University of Sussex, for the BBC. Many books have been written about him, his poems and interviews have been preserved.Here are some of his quotes:

“Lawyers (for both the prosecution and defense) made a fortune by participating in the Manson Family trial. I feel like society has raped and crushed me. I got fucked by the prosecutor and friends. The courts pulled out the whole soul. I was beaten by jailers and paraded in prisons. ”

“In prison I behaved briskly and aggressively, knowing everything that was happening around, but once outside it, I could not even speak normally to my aunt and uncle, let alone a stranger.Prison was all I knew. I had nothing to say about the school I graduated from or where I was even going to enter. ”

“I am not satisfied with the way I was tried. Yes, people died, which means that someone has to pay for it. It is obvious that whoever was needed was imprisoned, but the motives used to accuse us, and especially me, were absurd. ”

“When the judge finally sentenced us to death, I did not experience any shock, I only felt anger, resentment.”

Based on Nuel Emmons ‘book “Charles Manson: A True Life Story Telling Himself”, BBC article “The Charm of Evil: Why Charlie Manson Remains a Cult Figure”, Vox.com’ The Manson Family murders, and their complicated legacy. explained ‘and other open sources.

90,000 The role of dogs in the Great Patriotic War was revealed to residents of Solnechnogorsk

27.04.2020 12:28

Svetlana Chapaeva, head of the Village Club of the village of Tarakanovo, urban district of Solnechnogorsk, held an educational conversation about the role of dogs during the Great Patriotic War. The event took place online.

– During the Great Patriotic War, about 60 thousand dogs were drafted into the army. Moreover, not only shepherd dogs, but also other breeds up to large mongrels. Of these, 168 detachments were formed. Dogs at the front were used for a variety of purposes.First of all, they served both in the outpost and outpost. Dogs were often used in ambushes and secrets. There were also special dogs trained to look for enemy sniper shelters, ambulance dogs, signal dogs. Dogs walked side by side with a person, and in difficult times they came forward. They shared a trench and a ration with a man, worked and died instead of a man, ” Chapaeva said.

During the years of World War II, the dogs pulled more than 700 thousand seriously wounded soldiers from the battlefield on themselves, brought 3,500 tons of ammunition to the combat units, found 4 million mines and land mines, delivered over 120 thousand combat reports, continued 8 thousand kilometers of telephone wire to establish communication (for comparison, this is 1.5 thousand kilometers more than the distance from Berlin to New York).

There was a special category of dogs – tank destroyers. They were trained for the only mission – to blow up enemy tanks – they were trained not to be afraid to crawl under moving combat vehicles. Before the assignment, they were put on special bags with mines, and as soon as the dog was under the armored vehicles, the mine was blown up. In this way, about 300 enemy tanks were destroyed.

Separately, the story dwelled on some particularly distinguished dogs. The Leningrad collie Dick, trained in mine search, discovered more than 12 thousand mines during the war years, took part in the demining of Stalingrad, Lisichansk, Prague and other cities.The main feat he accomplished in Pavlovsk: an hour before the explosion, he discovered a 2.5-ton landmine and a clockwork in the foundation of the palace. The veteran dog lived to a ripe old age and was buried with military honors.

The German Shepherd Dzhulbars is the only dog ​​awarded with the Medal for Military Merit. Participated in mine clearance in Austria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary from September 1944 to August 1945, as well as in the clearance of palaces over the Danube, Vienna’s cathedrals and Prague castles.He also took part in the historic Victory Parade on July 24, 1945, where all the fronts and branches of the Great Patriotic War were represented.

On May 28, 2011, a monument to the demolition dogs defended Stalingrad was unveiled in Volgograd. June 21, 2013 on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow – a monument to the front dog. On May 12, 2017, a monument to military trainers and service dogs was erected in St. Petersburg’s Sosnovka park.

The conversation is designed for a wide range of people and is available at the link: https: // vk.com / wall-191760324_63.

In which ear is my buzzing?

May 19, 2009

Photo caption,

In most cases, the cause of tinnitus cannot be determined

Some people sometimes have a ringing in their ears, others rarely, and some unfortunate people – every day.

“This is a real torture, sometimes I just want to scream,” says 69-year-old Englishwoman Katie Jax, director of one of the English schools. I want to go and demand from them that they turn off the engine! “

Katie only hears noise in her own house. She says that her torment began two years ago. Katie eagerly began to deal with the intrusive noise – she turned off electrical appliances, used earplugs, tried to drown out the noise with music, but to no avail.

The ringing in her ears made her life a nightmare. According to her, due to the continuous buzzing, she cannot sleep well even at night. Moreover, except for her, no one in her house hears the ringing. A team of experts from the Department of Ecology checked her housing and interviewed Katie’s neighbors – as a result, it turned out that only she was suffering.

Katie was checked by a doctor, but it turned out that she does not suffer from tinnitus – a disease in which, due to the defeat of the auditory analyzer, the patient is constantly haunted by tinnitus. Curiously, Katie only hears noise in one place, and as luck would have it, this place is her own home. “My children have grown up here, my grandchildren also live nearby, all my friends are here, I don’t want to leave. But if this does not stop, perhaps I will have no other choice,” she says desperately.

Mysterious noise

Sometimes noise is a problem not only of a particular person, but of the whole city.In Britain in the late seventies, a mysterious noise made the front pages of all newspapers. The buzz struck the whole city. Even the term “Bristol Noise” has appeared. One newspaper asked the readers of the city: “Did you hear the noise?” Almost 800 people answered in the affirmative.

The problem has existed for many years. Residents of the city complained of poor sleep, headaches, fatigue and increased nosebleeds. In the end, experts came to the conclusion that the noise of factories and highways was to blame.

Low frequency noise has plagued the coastal town of Largs for two decades.At least one suicide in Britain has been linked to tinnitus.

There are a wide variety of associations and alliances in Britain, including the Low Frequency Noise Sufferers Association. They say the problem of tinnitus is becoming more serious. Two thousand people have already turned to the organization with complaints of buzzing in their ears.

Mostly women over 50 suffer from this phenomenon.

Someone blames high-voltage lines for ringing in the ears, others believe that the problem is actually in the ears.And someone is completely sure that the notorious noise is the work of some dark forces. The internet is awash with rumors and speculation. Along with gas pipelines, windmills and mobile phones, extraterrestrial contacts and secret affairs of the special services are mentioned in connection with the buzzing. The latest version was even developed in the popular TV series “The X-Files”.

Such conspiracy theories are understandable, but have no relation to reality, says audiologist David Baiguli of the Cambridge Addenbrook Hospital.

He believes that in at least one third of cases, the true cause of the noise can be established. “It could be a refrigerator, or an industrial fan, or some other heavy machinery from a nearby factory,” he says.

However, the audiologist recognizes that in most cases the external cause of the buzzing cannot be determined.

Hypersensitive hearing?

“People come up with very strange theories at times,” he says. However, his own theory, based on years of research, is that the hearing aid of ringing sufferers becomes overly sensitive over the years.

“This is a vicious circle. The more people become obsessed with noise, the more anxious and suspicious they become, and their body reacts to noises that would have gone unnoticed before. The level of anxiety rises as a result,” says David Baiguli.

The expert believes that methods of psychological relaxation and meditation could help in the fight against buzzing so that those suffering from noise can no longer be painfully fixed on the sounds around them.

Concert “Victory Rings Through the Years”.Watch video

Theatrical festive program dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War with the participation of soloists of the Vladimir Regional Philharmonic Society.

The literary and musical composition “Through the Years Victory Rings” in the Regional Scientific Library began with words of gratitude and congratulations to the veterans – people whose feat gave subsequent generations a free life and a peaceful sky. Memorable gifts and bouquets of flowers were presented to Elena Vasilievna Orlova, a member of the regional council of war, labor and law enforcement veterans, and Valentina Fedorovna Lutsenko, a member of the Vladimir branch of the All-Russian Memorial Society.

On the stage in the library – soloists of the regional Vladimir Philharmonic in the images of girls, women of the war years. And although they say that the war is not a woman’s face, but in life everything turned out differently. From June 22, 1941, for long 1418 days and nights, it was on these fragile shoulders that the unbearable burden of farewell to sons and husbands fell, heavy rear labor in anticipation of news from the front, as well as rescue and treatment of the wounded, battles with the enemy, reconnaissance … In the Red Army During the war, there were female rifle units: the 1st separate female reserve rifle regiment, the 1st separate female volunteer rifle brigade of seven battalions with a total strength of 7 thousand people.Brave, stubborn, girls, girls, women fought alongside men. They fired from sniper rifles, drove heavy trucks with ammunition, fought in aerial battles with enemy aircraft, rescued wounded soldiers, worked as signalmen and miners. The doctors and nurses at the front were also women. Delicate, fragile, often very young, but strong and fearless. There were 800 thousand of them at the front.

The Great Patriotic War … Now they talk about it a lot, write and shoot, question many facts and denounce fictions.The time has come another, the country has changed, the ideology, but one thing has remained unchanged – the people who have borne all the hardships of the war on their shoulders. We, people of the 21st century, are alive as long as our memory is alive, as long as we do everything to keep our memory alive. And all those who gave their lives for us are still alive.

Ah, war, what have you done, vile:
Our courtyards have become quiet,
Our boys raised their heads –
They have matured for the time being,
On the threshold,
barely loomed and left, a soldier followed …
Goodbye, boys!
Boys,
Try to get back.
No, don’t hide, be tall,
Do not spare any bullets or grenades
And do not spare yourself, but still
Try to go back …

Bulat Okudzhava

Poets and writers of all nationalities from the very first days of the war considered themselves mobilized to fight the enemies of the Fatherland. Many of them went through the war themselves and have military awards. The literary picture reflects the multinational composition of the victorious army, which repulsed the treacherous attack of the enemy on our homeland and became the liberator of other European peoples.We value these lines as an artistic memory of a difficult time. On the screen during the performances of the artists floated frames of military newsreels, photographs of the war years, scenes from films.

Grozny forty-first changed the fate of people. Dreams, love, happiness – everything was scorched by the fire of a cruel, bloody war. The serene life gave way to military everyday life. The war stained childhood with blood and tears, made the lives of many boys and girls short, destroyed the bright dreams of seventeen-year-olds who left their childhood for the front right from the prom.
… The boys were leaving – overcoats on the shoulders,
The boys were leaving – they sang songs bravely.
Boys retreated in dusty steppes,
Boys died where they did not know themselves.
Boys got into terrible barracks,
Fierce dogs caught up with the boys,
They killed boys for running away on the spot …
The boys did not sell their conscience and honor.

Igor Karpov

Simple, piercing in their truthfulness and honesty, the words of poems and songs will forever remain in the hearts of people who have heard them at least once.Without pathos, without unnecessary accents, they convey through time the thoughts and feelings of our ancestors.

And even the lines written decades after a difficult time are permeated through and through with the atmosphere of wartime:

Everything hurts with a single pain,
And sounds every day more incessantly
Eternal tear of lamentations
An echo of ancient prayers.

We will meet you both on foot and on horseback,
Burnt, not whole, – any.
Only if not the emptiness of the funeral
And their premonition.

We are waiting for you – hurry your horses!
Good hour, good hour, good hour!
Let the favorable winds not hit you, but caress your back.
And then come back soon!
The willows are crying for you,
And without your smiles, rowan trees turn pale and dry.

Vladimir Vysotsky

They didn’t come back, your peers,
The same guys from the twenties.
The graves fell to the ground like garrison caps,
Fallen from the shaven boy’s heads.

They left, your peers,
Not clenching their teeth, not cursing fate.
And the path was not short:
From the first battle to the Eternal Flame!

Inna Kashezheva

Stories about the stages of the war cite terrible and unforgiving figures:

“The battle for Moscow began on September 30, 1941 and ended only on April 20, 1942. Adolf Hitler viewed the capture of Moscow, the capital of the USSR and the largest Soviet city, as one of the main military and political objectives of Operation Barbarossa (Operation Typhoon). It unfolded in a vast area, the boundaries of which were enormous.In the north, they passed along the Volga River, from Kalyazin to Rzhev, in the West, along the Rzhev-Vyazma-Bryansk railway line, in the West, along the conventional Ryazhsk-Gorbacheva-Dyatkovo line.

The Battle of Moscow claimed the lives of 926,519 people. 879,879 were injured, sick and frostbitten. Soviet troops lost 4,171 tanks, 983 combat aircraft, 24,478 guns and mortars … “

For Germany, the Battle of Stalingrad was the gravest defeat in its history, for Russia – its greatest victory. The most terrible milestone of that war was the blockade of Leningrad.900 days of heroic resistance. Hunger, cold, disease; thousands of dead: On September 8, 1941, the Nazis broke through to Lake Ladoga and captured Shlisselburg, cutting off Leningrad from the country. How many mothers have lost their sons in these bloody battles.

All people are asleep.
But the mother is awake now.
And the mother of tired eyes does not close.
There was a war.
The son was killed in battle,
He covered his homeland with his heart.

A hundred roads were opened before him –
He could be a scientist.
He could become a poet.
And the night is dark,
But the mother believes and waits –
There will be a knock at the door,
And the son will suddenly return …
Mother’s Arioso from the cantata “We need peace”
Music by A. Novikov, lyrics by G. Rublev

World War II is the bloodiest war in human history. 61 states, 80% of the world’s population, were drawn into the orbit of the war, military operations were conducted on the territory of 40 states, as well as in the sea and ocean spaces.In the armed forces of all countries, 110 million people were under arms.
There is no family in Russia that was not touched by the Great Patriotic War. And we cannot afford to forget the real heroes, because we are their descendants. These 1418 days of the selfless feat of our Russian people have given life to many future generations, let’s not forget about that.

Anastasia Starchak performed a medley of military tunes on a harp. And many musical numbers were accompanied by Alexey Yarygin (piano) and Anastasia Lempert (violin).

The Act of Surrender was signed and entered into force on May 7, 1945. The war ended, and the whole world sighed with relief: Victory! Victory Day is a joyful and bitter holiday. Behind this holiday is a terrible time of war. The war, which has become the hardest, tragic test for our Motherland.

Posthumously said to be
Our bodies will become earth.
I’m ready to believe
Into no wonder this rumor.
Let me become a particle of the Earth,
recaptured in battle,
The land on which
Now I live with all my heart.
Rasul Gamzatov

From Kursk and Orel
The war brought us
To the very enemy gates.
Such, brother, things.

Someday we will remember this,
And we will not believe it ourselves.
And now we need one victory,
One for all – we will not stand the price.
One for all – we will not stand the price.
Bulat Okudzhava

The literary and musical composition contained poems and musical works about the war, written by poets and composers of different nationalities: Musa Jalil, Rasul Gamzatov, Rafail Khozak, Evgeny Agranovich, Bulat Okudzhava, Mikael Tariverdiev, Alexei Fatyanov and I , Mikhail Blanter and Konstantin Simonov, A.Novikov and G. Rublyov, V. Malyarov, V. Solovyov-Sedoy and V. Vysotsky.

We thank the ensemble of artists and directors for the sincere, reverent performance of the numbers, for the warmth given to the audience, for the creative energy that they generously shared with us, for bright, pure emotions, for the performing arts!

Press release

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