How does ringworm manifest on the skin. What are the common symptoms of a ringworm infection. Can ringworm affect areas other than the skin. How is ringworm diagnosed and treated. Are there any home remedies for ringworm. Can ringworm be prevented.

Understanding Ringworm: More Than Just a Skin Condition

Contrary to its name, ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a fungal infection. This common skin condition, scientifically known as dermatophytosis or tinea, affects millions of people worldwide. The name “ringworm” comes from the characteristic ring-shaped rash that often appears on the skin of infected individuals.

Ringworm can occur on various parts of the body, including the scalp, feet, groin, and nails. Each location may present slightly different symptoms, but the underlying cause remains the same – a group of fungi called dermatophytes.

Types of Ringworm

• Tinea corporis (body ringworm)
• Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)
• Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
• Tinea cruris (jock itch)
• Tinea unguium (nail ringworm)

Is ringworm contagious? Yes, ringworm is highly contagious and can spread through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal. It can also spread indirectly by touching contaminated objects or surfaces, such as towels, clothing, or gym equipment.

Identifying the Telltale Signs of Ringworm

Recognizing the symptoms of ringworm is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. While the specific symptoms may vary depending on the location of the infection, there are several common signs to watch out for:

• Circular, red, and scaly patches with raised edges
• Intense itching in the affected area
• Skin that appears red, inflamed, or cracked
• Hair loss in patches (if the scalp is affected)
• Thickened, discolored, or brittle nails (in cases of nail ringworm)

Do all ringworm infections present as a perfect circle? Not always. While the classic ringworm rash is circular with a clear center, giving it a ring-like appearance, the infection can sometimes manifest as irregularly shaped patches or even solid red areas.

Ringworm on Different Body Parts: Varied Presentations

Ringworm can affect various parts of the body, and its appearance may differ depending on the location:

Scalp Ringworm (Tinea Capitis)

Scalp ringworm primarily affects children and can cause:

• Circular patches of hair loss
• Black dots where hair has broken off at the scalp
• Scaling and itching of the scalp
• Swollen lymph nodes in severe cases

Body Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)

This is the most common form of ringworm, affecting the trunk, arms, and legs. Symptoms include:

• Circular, red patches with raised borders
• Patches that may be dry and scaly or moist and crusty
• Itching, which may be mild to severe

Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)

Athlete’s foot is a ringworm infection that affects the feet, particularly between the toes. Signs include:

• Itching, stinging, and burning between the toes
• Cracking and peeling skin, especially between the toes and on the soles
• Blisters on the feet

Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris)

This form of ringworm affects the groin area and inner thighs. Symptoms include:

• Red, itchy rash in the groin or inner thigh area
• Rash that may spread to the buttocks and abdomen
• Burning sensation in the affected area

Diagnosing Ringworm: When to See a Doctor

While mild cases of ringworm can often be treated with over-the-counter medications, it’s important to know when to seek professional medical advice. Consider consulting a healthcare provider if:

• The rash doesn’t improve after two weeks of self-treatment
• The rash spreads or covers a large area of the body
• You experience severe itching or pain
• You have a weakened immune system
• The infection appears to be on the scalp or beard area

How do doctors diagnose ringworm? Typically, a visual examination is sufficient for diagnosis. However, in some cases, a doctor may:

• Use a Wood’s lamp to examine the affected area (some types of ringworm glow under ultraviolet light)
• Take a skin scraping or nail clipping for microscopic examination or culture
• Perform a potassium hydroxide (KOH) test to identify fungal elements

Treatment Options: From Over-the-Counter to Prescription Remedies

The treatment for ringworm depends on the severity and location of the infection. Options include:

Over-the-Counter Antifungal Treatments

For mild cases, OTC antifungal creams, lotions, or powders are often effective. These may contain active ingredients such as:

• Clotrimazole
• Miconazole
• Terbinafine
• Tolnaftate

Prescription Medications

For more severe or persistent infections, a doctor may prescribe:

• Stronger topical antifungals (e.g., econazole, oxiconazole)
• Oral antifungal medications (e.g., terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole)

How long does it take for ringworm to clear up? With proper treatment, most ringworm infections clear up within 2-4 weeks. However, more severe or widespread infections may take longer to resolve.

Home Remedies and Natural Treatments for Ringworm

While medical treatments are the most reliable way to cure ringworm, some people find relief with natural remedies. It’s important to note that these methods should not replace conventional treatments, especially for severe infections. Some popular home remedies include:

• Apple cider vinegar: Applied topically, it may help due to its antifungal properties
• Tea tree oil: Known for its antifungal and antiseptic qualities
• Aloe vera: May soothe the skin and have some antifungal effects
• Coconut oil: Contains lauric acid, which has antifungal properties
• Garlic: Can be applied topically or consumed for its antifungal benefits

Are natural remedies as effective as pharmaceutical treatments for ringworm? While some natural remedies show promise, they generally haven’t been studied as extensively as conventional treatments. It’s best to use them in conjunction with, not instead of, proven medical treatments.

Preventing Ringworm: Hygiene and Precautions

Prevention is key when it comes to ringworm. Here are some strategies to reduce your risk of infection:

• Practice good hygiene, including regular handwashing
• Keep your skin clean and dry, especially in areas prone to sweating
• Avoid walking barefoot in public areas like locker rooms and swimming pools
• Don’t share personal items like combs, towels, or clothing
• Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing
• Regularly clean and disinfect gym equipment before use
• Check pets for signs of ringworm and seek veterinary care if needed

Can you completely eliminate the risk of getting ringworm? While it’s impossible to eliminate all risk, following these preventive measures can significantly reduce your chances of contracting the infection.

Ringworm in Special Populations: Children, Athletes, and Pet Owners

Certain groups of people may be at higher risk for ringworm infections or may face unique challenges in treating and preventing the condition:

Children

Children, especially those in daycare or school settings, are particularly susceptible to ringworm. This is due to their close contact with other children and their developing immune systems. Parents and caregivers should:

• Teach children about proper hygiene
• Regularly inspect children’s skin and scalp for signs of infection
• Ensure children don’t share personal items like hats or combs

Athletes

Athletes, particularly those involved in contact sports, are at increased risk due to skin-to-skin contact and shared equipment. To minimize risk, athletes should:

• Shower immediately after practices and competitions
• Use clean, dry towels and change into clean clothes
• Disinfect sports equipment regularly
• Avoid sharing personal items

Pet Owners

Pets, especially cats and dogs, can carry and transmit ringworm to humans. Pet owners should:

• Regularly check pets for signs of ringworm (circular patches of hair loss, scaling)
• Seek veterinary care if ringworm is suspected
• Wash hands thoroughly after handling pets
• Keep living areas clean and vacuum frequently

How can you tell if your pet has ringworm? Look for circular patches of hair loss, scaling, or redness on your pet’s skin. If you suspect ringworm, consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Debunking Myths and Misconceptions About Ringworm

Despite its prevalence, there are many misconceptions about ringworm. Let’s address some common myths:

Myth 1: Ringworm is caused by a worm

False. Ringworm is caused by a fungus, not a worm. The name comes from the ring-like appearance of the rash.

Myth 2: Only dirty people get ringworm

False. While good hygiene helps prevent ringworm, anyone can contract the infection, regardless of cleanliness.

Myth 3: Ringworm always appears as a perfect circle

Not always. While the classic appearance is circular, ringworm can sometimes manifest as irregular patches or solid red areas.

Myth 4: You can’t get ringworm from animals

False. Many animals, including dogs, cats, and farm animals, can carry and transmit ringworm to humans.

Myth 5: Ringworm will go away on its own without treatment

While mild cases might resolve without treatment, most ringworm infections require antifungal medication for proper healing and to prevent spread.

Why do these myths persist? Misinformation can spread easily, especially about common conditions like ringworm. It’s important to rely on accurate, scientific information from reputable sources when learning about health conditions.

Living with Ringworm: Coping Strategies and Lifestyle Adjustments

Dealing with a ringworm infection can be uncomfortable and sometimes embarrassing. Here are some strategies to help manage the condition and prevent its recurrence:

During Active Infection

• Follow treatment instructions carefully and consistently
• Keep the affected area clean and dry
• Avoid scratching, which can spread the infection and lead to secondary bacterial infections
• Use cool compresses to relieve itching
• Wear loose, breathable clothing to reduce moisture and irritation
• Wash bedding and clothing daily during treatment

Long-term Prevention

• Maintain good personal hygiene
• Use antifungal powders or sprays in shoes and on feet if prone to athlete’s foot
• Avoid sharing personal items
• Keep skin dry, especially in areas prone to sweating
• Wear appropriate footwear in public areas
• Regularly clean and disinfect high-risk areas in your home

How can you maintain a positive outlook while dealing with ringworm? Remember that ringworm is a common, treatable condition. Focus on following your treatment plan and implementing preventive measures. If you’re feeling self-conscious, consider talking to a trusted friend or counselor for support.

The Future of Ringworm Treatment: Research and Innovations

While current treatments for ringworm are generally effective, researchers continue to explore new approaches to manage and prevent fungal infections. Some areas of ongoing research include:

Novel Antifungal Agents

Scientists are working to develop new antifungal medications that are more effective, have fewer side effects, and are less likely to lead to resistance.

Nanotechnology

Researchers are exploring the use of nanoparticles to deliver antifungal agents more effectively to the site of infection.

Probiotics

Some studies are investigating whether certain probiotics could help prevent or treat fungal infections by promoting a healthy balance of microorganisms on the skin.

Immunotherapy

Research is being conducted on ways to boost the body’s natural immune response to fungal infections.

Natural Compounds

Scientists continue to study natural substances with antifungal properties that could be developed into new treatments.

What potential breakthroughs in ringworm treatment might we see in the coming years? While it’s difficult to predict specific breakthroughs, ongoing research may lead to more targeted, efficient treatments with fewer side effects. As our understanding of fungal infections and the human microbiome grows, we may see novel approaches to both treating and preventing ringworm.

In conclusion, ringworm is a common but manageable fungal infection. By understanding its signs and symptoms, seeking appropriate treatment, and implementing preventive measures, most people can effectively deal with and prevent ringworm infections. As research continues, we can look forward to potentially more effective and convenient treatment options in the future.

Ringworm: Signs and symptoms

Diseases & conditions

• 
  
  Coronavirus Resource Center
  
• 
  
  Acne
  
• 
  
  Eczema
  
• 
  
  Hair loss
  
• 
  
  Psoriasis
  
• 
  
  Rosacea
  
• 
  
  Skin cancer
  
• 
  
  A to Z diseases
  
• 
  
  A to Z videos
  

• DIY acne treatment
• How dermatologists treat
• Skin care: Acne-prone skin
• Causes
• Is it really acne?

• Types & treatments
• Childhood eczema
• Adult eczema
• Insider secrets

• Types of hair loss
• Treatment for hair loss
• Causes of hair loss
• Hair care matters
• Insider secrets

• What is psoriasis
• Diagnosis & treatment
• Skin, hair & nail care
• Triggers
• Insider secrets

• What is rosacea
• Treatment
• Skin care & triggers
• Insider secrets

• Types and treatment
• Find skin cancer
• Prevent skin cancer
• Raise awareness
• Español

Featured

How Natalie cleared her adult acne

Natalie tried many acne products without success. Find out how a board-certified dermatologist helped Natalie see clear skin before her wedding.

JAK inhibitors: A newer type of medication

JAK inhibitors are helping patients with alopecia areata, eczema/atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo. Here’s what you need to know.

Everyday care

• 
  
  Skin care basics
  
• 
  
  Skin care secrets
  
• 
  
  Injured skin
  
• 
  
  Itchy skin
  
• 
  
  Sun protection
  
• 
  
  Hair & scalp care
  
• 
  
  Nail care secrets
  

• Basic skin care
• Dry, oily skin
• Hair removal
• Tattoos and piercings

• Anti-aging skin care
• For your face
• For your skin routine
• Preventing skin problems

• Bites & stings
• Burns, cuts, & other wounds

• Itch relief
• Poison ivy, oak & sumac
• Rashes

• Shade, clothing, and sunscreen
• Sun damage and your skin
• Aprenda a proteger su piel del sol

• Your hair
• Your scalp

• Nail care basics
• Manicures & pedicures

Featured

Practice Safe Sun

Everyone’s at risk for skin cancer. These dermatologists’ tips tell you how to protect your skin.

Relieve uncontrollably itchy skin

Find out what may be causing the itch and what can bring relief.

Darker Skin Tones

• 
  
  Skin care secrets
  
• 
  
  Hair care
  
• 
  
  Hair loss
  
• 
  
  Diseases & Conditions
  

• Acne
• Dark spots
• Dry skin
• Light spots
• Razor bumps

• Caring for Black hair
• Scalp psoriasis
• Weaves & extensions

• Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
• Frontal fibrosing alopecia
• Hairstyles that pull can cause hair loss

• Acanthosis nigricans
• Acne keloidalis nuchae
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Keloid scars
• Lupus and your skin
• Sarcoidosis and your skin
• Skin cancer
• Vitiligo
• More diseases & conditions

Featured

Fade dark spots

Find out why dark spots appear and what can fade them.

Untreatable razor bumps or acne?

If you have what feels like razor bumps or acne on the back of your neck or scalp, you may have acne keloidalis nuchae. Find out what can help.

Cosmetic treatments

• 
  
  Your safety
  
• 
  
  Age spots & dark marks
  
• 
  
  Cellulite & fat removal
  
• 
  
  Hair removal
  
• 
  
  Scars & stretch marks
  
• 
  
  Wrinkles
  
• 
  
  Younger-looking skin
  

Featured

Laser hair removal

You can expect permanent results in all but one area. Do you know which one?

Scar treatment

If you want to diminish a noticeable scar, know these 10 things before having laser treatment.

Botox

It can smooth out deep wrinkles and lines, but the results aren’t permanent. Here’s how long botox tends to last.

Public health programs

• 
  
  Skin cancer awareness
  
• 
  
  Free skin cancer screenings
  
• 
  
  Kids’ camp
  
• 
  
  Good Skin Knowledge
  
• 
  
  Shade Structure grants
  
• 
  
  Skin Cancer, Take a Hike!™
  
• 
  
  Awareness campaigns
  
• 
  
  Flyers & posters
  
• 
  
  Get involved
  

• Lesson plans and activities
• Community grants

Featured

Free materials to help raise skin cancer awareness

Use these professionally produced online infographics, posters, and videos to help others find and prevent skin cancer.

Dermatologist-approved lesson plans, activities you can use

Free to everyone, these materials teach young people about common skin conditions, which can prevent misunderstanding and bullying.

Find a dermatologist

• 
  
  Find a dermatologist
  
• 
  
  What is a dermatologist?
  
• 
  
  FAAD: What it means
  
• 
  
  How to select a dermatologist
  
• 
  
  Telemedicine appointments
  
• 
  
  Prior authorization
  
• 
  
  Dermatologists team up to improve patient care
  

Featured

Find a Dermatologist

You can search by location, condition, and procedure to find the dermatologist that’s right for you.

What is a dermatologist?

A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatologists care for people of all ages.

How to Get Rid of Ringworm: 7 Treatments

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

You can typically get rid of a ringworm infection permanently with over-the-counter antifungal treatments. Certain cleaning practices at home might help speed recovery.

A ringworm rash can be uncomfortable, but it is common and treatable. Early intervention is critical to prevent spreading the infection to others. Here are six simple ways to treat ringworm.

Most cases of ringworm can be treated at home. Over-the-counter antifungals can kill the fungus and promote healing. Effective medications include miconazole (Cruex), clotrimazole (Desenex) and terbinafine (Lamisil).

After cleaning the rash, apply a thin layer of antifungal medication to the affected area 2 to 3 times per day or as directed by the package. Spread the treatment beyond the border of the rash by a couple of centimeters and allow the medication to absorb into your skin.

Shop for the following products online:

• Antifungal cream
• Antifungal lotion
• Antifungal powder

It may seem logical to keep ringworm covered with a bandage to prevent spreading the infection. However, bandaging the rash locks in moisture and slows the healing process.

Instead, wear comfortable, breathable clothes to speed healing and avoid spreading the rash to other people. This includes loose-fitting, long-sleeve shirts and pants.

Because ringworm is highly contagious, you should wash your sheets daily to get rid of the infection faster. Fungal spores can transfer to your sheets and comforter. If you sleep on the same sheets night after night, it can take longer for ringworm to heal, and the infection can spread to other parts of your body. Contaminated bedding can also infect your partner.

Use hot water and detergent when washing bedding and any infected clothes. Hot water alone can kill the fungus. As an extra precaution, add borax or bleach to your wash along with regular laundry detergent.

Borax and bleach can be purchased from a grocery store, and they also kill fungal spores. Follow the directions on the package.

Shop for borax and bleach online.

If ringworm develops on your feet or groin area, keep these areas dry. If you sweat a lot during the day, bathe with an antifungal cleansing bar and then reapply your antifungal powder or lotion. Make sure the area is completely dry before putting on a new pair of underwear or socks.

Sometimes, ringworm develops on the scalp. Symptoms of a scalp infection include severe itching, patches of hair loss, scalp boils, and severe dandruff. If you have ringworm on your scalp, wash your hair with an over-the-counter medicated antifungal shampoo.

These shampoos kill bacteria and fungus on the scalp and stop inflammation. You can purchase them from a grocery store or drugstore. Look for shampoos with antifungal active ingredients, such as ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, and pyrithione zinc. Use shampoos according to the directions on the package.

However, be aware that scalp fungus is nearly impossible to eliminate without oral medications.

Shop for medicated antifungal shampoo online.

Continue treatment with an antifungal powder, cream, or shampoo until the rash completely disappears. The infection may return if you stop treatment too soon. See a doctor if the rash doesn’t go away after two weeks of home treatment. A ringworm infection that doesn’t improve or that spreads may require a prescription-strength topical cream or oral antifungal medication.

Make an appointment with your primary care doctor or see a dermatologist. Take the prescription medication as directed by your doctor. You may have to take the prescription for weeks to months, depending on the severity of the infection.

Don’t ignore ringworm. Although it’s a common skin infection, quick action is necessary to prevent spreading the fungus. You should also make sure you know how to prevent future infections. For example:

• Don’t share personal care items, such as towels, clothes, and brushes, with others.
• Wash your hands often.
• Learn how to recognize ringworm in people and animals.

Ringworm in cats photo signs and home treatment (weeping and rosea)

Dermatophytosis or ringworm in cats is a disease caused by microscopic dermatophyte fungi (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, or Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The most common cause of dermatophytosis in cats is Microsporum canis, which is also common in dogs and humans. Dermatophyte spores can persist both on the hair of infected animals and in the environment for up to 18 months, so the plan for combating lichen necessarily includes treatment of the room in which the cat lives.

Dermatophytes is the general name for all fungi that cause lichen in cats, that is, they affect objects containing keratin – the surface layers of the skin, hair and claws. Such lesions almost never itch (if there is no development of secondary microflora), often they look just like bald patches.

Cats become infected through contact with each other, with dogs and other animals (lichen occurs in guinea pigs, and according to some reports even in hedgehogs). It is most difficult to deal with lichen in conditions of crowded keeping of cats, in shelters or catteries, since infection can occur through contact with the environment in which fungal spores persist for up to a year and a half.

Microsporum gypseum lives in the soil, so cats that can walk in the country or on their own can also become infected when hunting rodents and digging in the ground.

Cats are often observed to be carriers of spores, but there is no clinical manifestation of the disease. At the same time, they can infect other animals and humans and contaminate (contaminate) the environment with fungal spores. Even if the selected cat looks absolutely clean, with a good, thick coat and without any traces of skin or coat lesions, it can still be a carrier of lichen and infect other pets or people, especially categories with reduced immunity – the elderly, children.

If you picked up a kitten or an adult cat from the street, then it is impossible to determine ”by eye” whether she has lichen. The photo shows a kitten with lichen, but visually it cannot be seen. The animal must be examined for the presence of spores. To do this, you need to contact a veterinary clinic, where they will take a seed for dermatophytes, and also examine the coat under a microscope. Sometimes one trichoscopy is enough to make a diagnosis.

The disease itself, with the appearance of clinical signs, most often manifests itself in young animals, or in animals that are immunocompromised (elderly, who have had a serious illness or injury, affected by feline leukemia or immunodeficiency viruses, etc.) There are many other reasons that can lead to to skin lesions, except for lichen, so cats require careful diagnosis by a specialist.

Depending on the type of fungus that causes lichen, it may be called microsporia or trichophytosis. Different types of lichen in cats, unlike people, are not distinguished – if people have a classification of lesions by localization or by the type that causes infection (weeping, pink, herpes zoster, pityriasis versicolor, and so on), then it is not applicable in veterinary dermatology. Even ringworm, familiar to many, is actually just a popular name that appeared because with lichen, the hair seems to be cut off in small areas.

In young animals, a mild form of lichen can resolve on its own in 2-4 months, but all this time the animal will be a carrier and can infect other pets and family members. Therefore, treatment is necessary, and long enough, sometimes lasting more than a year, to completely get rid of lichen spores.

The affected areas can be additionally affected by secondary microflora, which can already cause itching, or other types of ectoparasites, so it is not recommended to run lichen in a cat in the expectation that it will pass on its own.

A characteristic sign is areas of alopecia (baldness), as the fungi infect the hair follicles and their hyphae grow along the entire length of the hair, destroying it. Reddened, scaly roundness may appear on the skin. In cats, the ears are most commonly affected. These are the most typical signs of trichophytosis, however, lichen can manifest itself in a variety of ways, on any part of the body, both in the form of a hairless scaly area, and in the form of a rash, crusts and other lesions.

Almost always, lichen is not accompanied by itching, if the cat actively combs or licks the lesion, then its origin is most likely not associated with dermatophytes, or there is a secondary lesion.

If the pet has recently been in contact with a large number of cats, or a new resident has appeared in the house, picked up from the street – either a cat or kitten, or a dog or puppy, the likelihood of lichen becomes higher. An indirect sign can be considered the appearance of similar places of baldness in other pets, as well as pink spots on the skin of people.

The probability of infection is deprived in other animals and a person with good immunity is low.

The primary diagnosis is trichoscopy (examination of a cat’s coat sample under a microscope). To determine the type of fungus, or with a negative result of trichoscopy, a seeding tank is taken.

A Wood’s Lamp study (examination of the coat under special lighting to identify affected hairs, with this lighting, the cat’s hair affected by fungus spores will glow green) is used to control treatment, or to confirm the diagnosis. The final diagnosis cannot be made only with the help of a Wood’s lamp, since only fungi of the genus Microsporum (and even then not all strains) glow in a characteristic way, other pathogens of lichen (trichophytes) are not detected by such a study.

Video interview with a veterinary dermatologist about lichen in cats:

Treatment of dermatophytosis with extensive lesions is long-term and laborious. It includes oral antimycotics, topical treatments (shampooing, topical antifungal agents), and environmental treatments. Treat all animals in close contact with the patient. As a rule, in uncomplicated cases and for asymptomatic animals, topical treatments (shampooing) are sufficient. The end of treatment is determined by two negative cultures with an interval of a month.

It is very important to carry out both sowings before stopping the treatments. You can understand the owners who find it difficult to constantly treat all the pets and the apartment with special means when there are no traces of lichen on the cat. However, its spores are very resistant, and if you stop treatment and surface treatment ahead of time, then there will be a relapse quite quickly. Moreover, the symptoms may reappear not on the cat, but on children or elderly relatives.

Vaccine Vakderm, which, unfortunately, is widely used by both owners and some doctors, has no proven effectiveness, and even in some cases causes an increase in clinical signs. Common cases of recovery after the use of “lichen vaccines” are associated with spontaneous self-healing, which is a common and described phenomenon for this group of diseases.

The use of immunostimulants in the treatment of lichen in randomized trials also did not show any results.

(с) Veterinary center for the treatment and rehabilitation of animals “Zoostatus”.
Warsaw highway, 125 building 1. tel. 8 (499) 372-27-37

Lichen in humans | symptoms, causes and treatment

Ringworm is a large family of diseases caused by viruses and fungi. A unique characteristic is the presence of patchy rashes on the epidermis.

Free your skin from lichen with advanced techniques and professional care. Sign up for a consultation at the DNA Clinic Medical Center today!

Get a free consultation

Contents

• About the disease
• Classification and types of lichen
• Causes of lichen
• First signs and symptoms of lichen
• Diagnosis of lichen
• Lichen treatment
• Prevention of lichen
• Rehabilitation
• Questions and answers

About the disease

This is a common dermatological disease. Varieties of lichen are multiple and have different etiologies. For example, yeast fungi, other forms may be genetic in nature. The disease can manifest itself as a rounded skin rash on various parts of the body: neck, limbs, face. The main symptom is the appearance of spots, which can be covered with a layer of dry skin. Sometimes the disease is accompanied by fever and general malaise.

Lichen is a general name for skin disorders that can be roughly divided into three categories:

• Viral infections;
• Fungal infections;
• Immune disorders and the development of autoimmune skin diseases.

The appearance of lichen depends on its type. Characteristic features are spots that exhibit varying degrees of peeling.

Diagnostics includes determining its specific type. Based on this information, the dermatologist prescribes the appropriate treatment. Therapy is carried out exclusively by conservative methods aimed at alleviating symptoms, preventing the progression of rashes and interrupting pathogenesis.

Make an appointment with a dermatologist

Classification and types of lichen

The classification of lichen is based on the causes of the disease, characteristic symptoms and mode of transmission.

Some major types include:

1. Pityriasis rosea is an infectious-allergic disease (also known as Gibert’s lichen or pityas).
2. Shingles – viral disease (herpes).
3. Red flat (erythematous) – its development is associated with certain diseases and heredity.
4. Pityriasis – fungal infection of the skin (also known as varicolour, tubular, or solar).
5. Scaly – psoriasis not associated with infection.
6. Ringworm – fungal infection (microsporia).
7. Weeping – skin reaction (eczema) to stress or allergic stimuli.

Causes of lichen

Lichen is a multifactorial disease. One of the most common causes is infection. Pathogenic microorganisms cause disturbances in metabolism and immune processes, which leads to the development of an inflammatory and tissue reaction.

There are also predisposing factors, such as:

• regular damage to the skin,
• hypothermia,
• use of certain drugs,
• alcohol and chemical poisoning,
• excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays.

In some cases, the first signs of dermatosis may appear after contact with household chemicals and perfumes.

Lichen develops more often in people with concomitant diseases:

• diabetes mellitus,
• obesity,
• disorders of the nervous system,
• immunodeficiency states,
• allergy,
• vascular disorders,
• pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.

Hereditary predisposition also plays a role, confirmed by the fact that the incidence is higher in families where one or more close relatives have been diagnosed with dermatosis.

The first signs and symptoms of lichen

Different types of lichen are manifested through the appearance of spots and plaques on the skin, accompanied by itching and flaking. However, each species may have specific symptoms.

Symptoms of lichen planus

In case of lichen planus, spots and plaques on the skin and mucous membranes have a varied appearance: from small rashes to dark purple areas. Inside the oral cavity, they are most often located on the sides of the tongue, on the inside of the cheeks and gums. They may appear as small bluish-white spots or blisters (vesicles). Sometimes they cause pain. If left untreated, pathological elements can gradually increase and turn into ulcers.

Characteristics of lichen planus:

1. There are dark or purple spots on the inside of the wrist, legs, trunk or genitals.
2. Characterized by severe itching in the area of ​​the affected areas.
3. Lesions have thin white streaks or scratches on the surface.
4. Spots may be shiny or scaly.
5. Possible blistering or sores on surface of stains.

Sometimes other symptoms may appear, such as dryness and metallic taste in the mouth, hair loss, uneven nails (formation of deep furrows and darkening with cracks on the nail plates).

Signs of shingles

Primary infection with this virus causes chickenpox. Re-infection with the same virus, which often occurs when the immune system is impaired, leads to the development of shingles.

In the initial period of the disease, when there are still no visible rashes, there are pain, tingling and “crawling” in the dermatome (the area of ​​the skin innervated by one specific sensory nerve). Pain can be constant or intermittent, accompanied by discomfort even with a light touch. The rash with herpes zoster is located on one side and is limited to the area of ​​​​the dermatome. Sometimes shingles can be combined with herpes on the lips.

The dynamics of skin manifestations in herpes zoster is as follows:

• Short-term redness at the site of future rashes, called the erythematous stage (sometimes this stage may be absent).
• Presence of papules (skin nodules).
• Transformation of papules into vesicles (small vesicles).
• Appearance of vesicles within 3-4 days.
• Formation of eroded zones and crusts at the site of vesicles.

Signs of ringworm

This is a fungal disease that affects the skin, hair shafts and rarely nails. It can occur in both open and closed areas of the body.

The average incubation period is about 1 week. Clearly defined red spots appear on the skin, which are slightly convex above the surface of the skin. They are round or oval in shape and covered with grayish scales. Gradually, the rashes become larger, and a raised edge appears on the periphery, covered with small bubbles and crusts.

On the scalp, the nape, crown and temples are most often affected. In these areas, the hair breaks, so the disease is called “cutting hair”. A person may experience mild itching as a subjective sensation.

Symptoms of weeping lichen

In the acute phase, the rash is characterized by small limited bubbles containing a clear liquid. A widespread rash is itchy and has a symmetrical distribution over different areas of the skin. The bubbles quickly burst, forming microerosions, which dry out over time, forming crusts.

Symptoms of rosacea

Appears on the skin as red patches that may coalesce to form larger lesions. You may also experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, weakness, muscle and joint pain.

Usually the first sign is a medallion-shaped maternal spot that appears on the chest, abdomen, or back. For some time, smaller, pink and flaky ones also appear. The skin is very itchy.

Symptoms of pityriasis versicolor

Eruptions in tinea versicolor appear most often on the back, abdomen, chest and arms. Sometimes they can affect the penis and scalp, while the hair remains intact. Lichen color never affects the palms, soles and mucous membranes.

The first sign of this disease are small non-inflammatory spots without clear boundaries. In the initial stages, the color of the spots is pink, which eventually becomes slightly yellowish. In the later stages, these elements take on a brown tint. Pityriasis versicolor is characterized by fine flaking, resembling bran (hence the name). Itching may be absent or slight. If the skin has been exposed to ultraviolet rays, this can lead to permanent depigmentation.

Atypical form of pityriasis versicolor – white form. Unlike the typical form, it is not accompanied by peeling, but is manifested only by discoloration of the skin (white round spots with fuzzy contours).

Pityriasis versicolor is often referred to as the “sunny” fungus, as it often occurs in the hot season in resorts.

Symptoms of lichen sclerosus

It is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the genitals, but can also affect other parts of the body.

The characteristic symptoms of lichen sclerosus are white, atrophic spots and plaques, which may be accompanied by itching and pain. Often these foci lead to the formation of scars on the genitals. There may be blisters, sores, or bleeding at the site of the spots.

Lichen sclerosus is most commonly diagnosed in women during puberty (ages 8 to 17) and after menopause (after age 45). In men, the disease can manifest itself between the ages of 13 and 60 years.

Although lichen sclerosus is not contagious, atrophic skin changes can lead to scarring. As a result, there is pain during intercourse and possible violations of urination.

Diagnosis of lichen

Diagnosis is an important step that dermatologists and infectious disease specialists carry out to determine the disease. If the child’s skin is affected, you should contact your pediatrician or pediatric dermatologist. The doctor will conduct a visual examination of the skin and mucous membranes, paying attention to the location, nature of the rashes, their prevalence and consistency.

In most cases, an examination by a specialist is sufficient to make a diagnosis, but sometimes additional diagnostic methods such as skin scraping or tissue biopsy may be necessary. This allows you to correctly identify the type of lichen and prescribe adequate treatment.

One of the methods for confirming the diagnosis is fluorescent diagnostics, in which the affected areas of the skin are illuminated with an ultraviolet lamp. Pathological foci give a greenish or white glow, while healthy skin turns light blue. For a more accurate determination of the form of the disease and the type of pathogen, a microscopic examination of the scales and culture of the contents of the rashes is carried out.

Histological examination is often required to differentiate lichen planus from other dermatoses. If shingles is suspected, an enzyme immunoassay may be ordered to detect antibodies to herpesvirus in the blood.

Treatment of lichen

The treatment of lichen in adult men and women, as well as in children, directly depends on the specific diagnosis that has been established. Since the group of diseases is united only by clinical sign, and not by cause of occurrence, there is no universal remedy for all cases. In some cases, the cause may be a fungal infection, in others a viral infection, and in others, an unidentified factor, possibly associated with immunodeficiency.

Proper and timely treatment significantly reduces the risk of complications and relapses of the disease. Treatment mainly includes the appointment of antihistamine and hormonal ointments or creams, skin treatment with special solutions.

Conservative treatment is used for ringworm and other fungal infections and includes the use of systemic and topical antifungals. In case of hair damage, regular hair cutting is used every 5-7 days.

Treatment of lichen planus is carried out only in the presence of severe clinical symptoms. This includes the use of topical corticosteroids, and in some cases systemic use of these drugs may be required. During an exacerbation, it is recommended to limit physical and psycho-emotional stress, as well as avoid salty, smoked and fried foods. If the oral mucosa is affected, it is recommended to avoid irritating and rough foods.

Pityriasis rosea usually does not require special treatment, as the rash clears up on its own within 4-5 weeks. During the presence of skin elements, it is recommended to avoid water procedures and injury to the skin. It is recommended to wear clothes made from natural materials to avoid excessive perspiration. Ultraviolet radiation may be helpful. If the disease progresses, corticosteroids for anti-inflammatory therapy may be required.

Herpes zoster is treated with antiviral and immunostimulating drugs. Antivirals can be taken by mouth and applied locally to the affected area.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment for lichen, regardless of its type, is not performed.

It is important to remember that self-treatment can lead to incorrect selection of medications and, as a result, deterioration of the condition. Therefore, at the first sign of lichen, consultation with a specialist is recommended.

Prevention of lichen

Preventive measures specific to each type of lichen provide an individual approach to its prevention.

Vaccination is an effective means of preventing shingles. For unvaccinated against chickenpox, two vaccinations are recommended: the first – at the age of 12 to 15 months, the second – from 4 to 6 years. The vaccination schedule for adults is determined individually by the doctor.

Vaccines significantly reduce the chance of getting chickenpox. In case of infection, they help to transfer the infection in a mild form.

For other forms of lichen, there are non-specific prevention measures that include personal hygiene, avoidance of potentially harmful factors, and overall health promotion.

Rehabilitation

To improve the effectiveness of drug therapy, it is recommended to follow certain general principles that have a beneficial effect on skin condition:

• Limit bath time to avoid excess moisture.
• Avoid contact with moisture on the affected area.
• Gently pat the skin dry rather than exercising it with a rough towel.
• Avoid sunburn by sunbathing during safe hours.

Questions and answers

1. What is ringworm? This is a general term that describes a group of various skin diseases characterized by the appearance of patches and plaques accompanied by itching and scaling.