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Satellite lesions yeast infection: Pictures, Symptoms, What It Looks Like, Treatment

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Cutaneous manifestations of candidiasis – PubMed

. 1988 Apr;158(4):991-3.

doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90110-x.

M McKay 
1

Affiliations

Affiliation

  • 1 Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

  • PMID:

    3364512

  • DOI:

    10.1016/0002-9378(88)90110-x

M McKay.

Am J Obstet Gynecol.

1988 Apr.

. 1988 Apr;158(4):991-3.

doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90110-x.

Author

M McKay 
1

Affiliation

  • 1 Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

  • PMID:

    3364512

  • DOI:

    10.1016/0002-9378(88)90110-x

Abstract

Candida is identified microscopically by the observation of hyphae, linear chains of asexually budding yeast. Since these structures do not grow extensively through the stratum corneum, cutaneous samples may require Gram stain for identification. Since Candida can colonize normal tissue and also be a culture contaminant, clinicians should consider predisposing factors and clinical presentation when making a diagnosis of candidiasis. Predisposing cutaneous factors for candidiasis include occlusion, maceration, and altered barrier function. The hallmarks of Candida infection are bright erythema, fragile papulopustules, and satellite lesions. Cutaneous and mucous membrane candidiasis may differ in appearance, and sexual transmission should be considered. Treatment usually involves a topical or oral anticandidal agent, such as an imidazole. Although implicated as a predisposing factor to candidiasis, mild topical steroids can be used as short-term adjuvant treatment of these infections; when used responsibly, steroids provide antiinflammatory effects that speed relief of patient discomfort.

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Recurrent candidal intertrigo: challenges and solutions

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Yeast infections (fungus) in women

Every woman will experience a yeast infection at some point in her life. A yeast infection is an irritating infection of the vagina and vulva that causes itching, discharge, and irritation. This is a type of vaginitis caused by an overgrowth of a yeast known as Candida albicans and is often easily treated at home, but can sometimes be severe enough to require a visit to a doctor.

On average, three out of four women experience a yeast infection. Some women have several throughout their lives. Although this disease is not considered a sexually transmitted disease, the fungus can be spread through oral contact with the female genitalia. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of a yeast infection and when you should see your OB/GYN.

Signs and symptoms of yeast infections

Signs and symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection can range from mild to more severe. These include the following:

  • burning sensation, especially when urinating or during intercourse;
  • itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva;
  • redness and swelling of the vulva;
  • thick, white or greyish vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese;
  • vaginal rash;
  • pain and soreness in the vagina;
  • watery vaginal discharge.

Yeast infection risk factors

There are certain risk factors that can lead to the development of a yeast infection. These include the following:

  • taking antibiotics;
  • lack of sleep;
  • hormonal imbalance during the menstrual cycle;
  • taking hormone therapy or oral contraceptives;
  • stress;
  • malnutrition, especially when eating too many sugary foods;
  • pregnancy;
  • diabetes;
  • weakened immune system;
  • wearing clothes that are too tight.

A yeast infection can be caused by a number of reasons, but the most common cause is the fungus Candida albicans. The vagina has a natural balance of this substance, as well as other bacteria. However, in some cases there may be an overgrowth of Candida, leading to the development of a yeast infection. As a result, you may experience a combination of classic symptoms such as burning, itching, and soreness. Even women who are not sexually active can develop this infection.

Sometimes other types of Candida can also cause a yeast infection, but most drugs, especially over-the-counter ones, are for Candida albicans. If you develop a yeast infection caused by another type of Candida, treatment may be more difficult. If more aggressive treatment is needed, you may need to make an appointment with an OB/GYN.

Diagnosis of yeast infections

When you visit your OB/GYN, the doctor will run a test to determine if you have a yeast infection:

  • Review of medical history, including any past vaginal infections or sexually transmitted diseases.
  • Visual examination of the pelvis, external and internal parts of the vagina.
  • Biosampling, a sample of vaginal secretions, to determine what type of fungus is causing the infection.

Yeast infection treatment

Treatment for a simple yeast infection is usually straightforward for most women and may include the following options:

  • Prescription antifungal cream, ointment, suppositories, or tablets that last one, three, or seven days.
  • Single dose oral preparations
  • An over-the-counter antifungal cream or suppository that lasts three to seven days.

For more complex yeast infections, a doctor may suggest the following treatment options:

  • Prescription antifungal cream, ointment, suppositories, or tablets that last up to 14 days.
  • Multi-dose oral preparations.
  • Maintenance plan for recurrent yeast infections. (This type of treatment usually lasts longer than 14 days and may require oral medication once a week for six months or vaginal suppositories once a week.)

Visit your obstetrician-gynecologist. A yeast infection can be uncomfortable and affect your emotional state, but the problem is treatable. Check with your doctor so you can take action in time to avoid infection in the future.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis | Dikul Center

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and severe itching in the vagina and vulva, the tissues at the entrance to the vagina.

Vaginal yeast infection develops in up to 70% of women during their lifetime, and many of these episodes may occur several times.

Vaginal candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted infection. But the first regular sex life significantly increases the risk of developing candidiasis. Also, candidiasis can be associated with oral-genital sex.

Vaginal yeast infections respond well to treatment. In the presence of recurrent yeast infection – four or more times during the year – the patient may need long-term maintenance therapy.

Symptoms

Symptoms of candidiasis can range from mild to moderate and include:

  • Feelings of itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
  • Burning sensation when urinating or during intercourse.
  • Redness and swelling of the vulva
  • Vaginal pain and tenderness
  • Vaginal rash
  • Thick white cheesy vaginal discharge, odorless.
  • Watery vaginal discharge

Complicated candidiasis

A woman may have a yeast infection if:

  • There are severe symptoms such as extensive redness, swelling, and itching that are complicated by tears, cracks, or sores.
  • If yeast infection develops more than four times a year
  • Infection due to an atypical fungus
  • Pregnancy
  • Uncontrolled diabetes
  • Weakening of the immune system due to the use of certain medications or the presence of serious diseases such as HIV infection.

When to see a doctor?

You need to make an appointment with a doctor if:

  • Symptoms of a yeast infection appear for the first time
  • It is doubtful that this is a fungal infection
  • Symptoms do not improve after taking over-the-counter antifungal vaginal creams or suppositories.
  • Other symptoms appear

Causes

Candida albicans is the main cause of most vaginal yeast infections.

The vagina is known to naturally contain a balanced mixture of yeast, including Candida, and bacteria. Some bacteria (lactobacilli) prevent yeast from growing.

But this balance can be upset. Overgrowth of fungi or their penetration into the deeper layers of the mucous tissue of the vagina can lead to the development of symptoms of a yeast infection.

Yeast overgrowth can be caused by:

  • The use of antibiotics, which can upset the balance of the natural vaginal flora
  • Pregnancy
  • Uncontrolled diabetes
  • Immune system disorders
  • Taking contraceptives or hormone therapy, which can increase the level of estrogen in the blood.

Candida albicans is the most common type of fungus that causes yeast infections. Yeast infections caused by other types of Candida are much more difficult to treat and usually require more aggressive treatments.

Risk factors

Factors that increase the risk of fungal infection include:

  • Taking antibiotics. A yeast infection is not uncommon in women who take antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill not only a number of bacteria, but also the normal microflora in the vagina, which can cause yeast overgrowth.
  • Increased estrogen levels contribute to the development of yeast infections. This can be both pregnant women and women who use high-dose estrogen birth control pills or if estrogen hormone therapy is being performed.
  • Uncontrolled diabetes. Women with poor control and high blood sugar levels are more at risk of developing fungal infections than women who control their blood sugar levels.
  • Immune system disorders. Women who are immunosuppressed, such as after corticosteroid therapy or HIV infection, are more at risk of yeast infections.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of vaginal yeast infections, it is recommended to wear underwear that is not too tight with a cotton gusset.

Also recommended:

  • Do not use tight fitting tights
  • Use douching as this flushes out some of the normal bacteria in the vagina that protect against infection.
  • Use scented products for women frequently, such as bubble baths, pads, and tampons.
  • Very hot and whirlpool baths are not recommended
  • Do not take antibiotics unnecessarily, such as for colds or other viral infections.
  • Avoid prolonged exposure to wet clothing such as swimwear and sportswear.

Diagnosis

To diagnose thrush, the doctor can:

  • Ask questions about symptoms and medical history. It is important for the physician to collect information about past vaginal or sexually transmitted infections.
  • Perform a gynecological examination. The doctor will examine the external genitalia to look for signs of a fungal infection. Then the doctor will examine the vagina and cervix using a special speculum.
  • Collect vaginal secretions. The doctor may send a sample of vaginal fluid for analysis to determine the type of fungus that caused the yeast infection. Identifying the fungus can help your doctor decide on the appropriate treatment, especially if you have recurrent yeast infections.

Treatment

Treatment for yeast infections depends on the severity and frequency of infections.

For mild to moderate symptoms and infrequent episodes, your doctor may recommend:

  • Short-term vaginal therapy. Taking antifungal medications for three to seven days usually clears up the yeast infection. Antifungal drugs, in the form of creams, ointments, tablets and suppositories, include miconazole (monistat 3) and terconazole. Some of these medicines can be purchased without a prescription, while others are available by prescription only.
  • Single oral dose. Your doctor may prescribe a single oral dose of fluconazole (Diflucan). But taking such drugs is contraindicated during pregnancy. In the presence of severe symptoms, it is possible to take two single doses with an interval of three days.

Seek medical attention again if treatment does not relieve symptoms or if symptoms return within two months.

If you have severe symptoms or have frequent yeast infections, your doctor may recommend:

  • Long-term vaginal therapy.