Stabbing Pain in Upper Arm

Stabbing pain in the upper arm is a commonly reported symptom, in particular the older population. The prevalence of self-reported neck-shoulder-arm pain was found to be 25% for females and 15.4% for males. (1)

There are multiple reasons that can lead to pain in the upper arm/shoulder. The most common causes of shoulder pain are described below:

Causes Of Stabbing Pain In Upper Arm

Stabbing pain in the upper arm can be the outcome of muscular, nervous, or even heart disturbances. Below we’ll discuss some of the possible causes of upper arm pain.

Rotator Cuff Injury

The rotator cuff is an important structure of the shoulder formed by muscles and tendons of the region. Millions of people across the globe visit healthcare facilities due to rotator cuff injuries.

The prevalence of this injury for inhabitants of a mountainous village was found to be 20.6%. (2). Rotator cuff tear can present itself as a sharp pain in the arm.

Individuals involved in performing overhead vigorous activities are more prone to developing this sort of arm pain. Painters and basketball and tennis players are at a greater risk.

Symptoms include pain in the upper arm and a reduced range of motion. (3)

Muscles Sprains

You might experience muscle upper arm pain due to muscle sprain and pulls. A muscle sprain can occur while carrying out any weight lifting activity and is muscular in nature.

Muscle sprain is a common cause of upper arm pain.

Soft Tissue Inflammation

The shoulder and upper arm are formed by the connection of various soft tissues structures including bursa, tendons, and ligaments.

Overuse can lead to tendinitis (inflammation of tendons), and bursitis. Arm pain arising from tendonitis is usually mild that is accompanied by tenderness and swelling in the region.

Supraspinatus tendonitis is a common type of tendonitis that causes arm and shoulder pain. (4)

Fracture

A fracture of the humerus can lead to inflammation, pain, and reduced movement in the upper arm. Common risk factors for humerus fracture include low dietary calcium intake, hormonal imbalances (menopause), etc. (5)

Also, soft tissue and hard tissue injuries can occur on either of the sides i.e. left or the right arm. A fracture in the shoulder blade can cause also pain in the upper arm

Nerve Impingement as a cause of stabbing pain in upper arm

Pinching of the nerves can be the root cause of stabbing upper arm pain. Typical stabbing pain is associated with numbness, and tingling is indicative of spinal cord abruptions.

A disc slip can lead to a pinched nerve that manifests itself as pain and paraesthesia. If the vertebral disc(s) of the upper back and neck (cervical) region are involved, it’s likely to cause upper arm pain which is sometimes known as cervical radiculopathy.

Studies have shown that patients suffering from cervical radiculopathy experience neck pain, or arm pain. Some people report having both types of pain at the same time. (5)

Brachial Neuritis

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that innervates the neck, arms, and hands. Persistent pinching of the nerve paves way for inflammation of the nerve (neuritis).  Brachial neuritis can be caused by injury, trauma, accidents, or infection (Coxsackie B virus, HIV, mumps, etc.).

The prevalence of neuropathic pain in brachial plexus injury patients is as high as 76% which indicates that pain management is a must in such patients. (6)

This pain is attributed to nerve damage rather than nerve impingement in the shoulder joint.

Plus, brachial neuritis patients also face loss of function. This is known as neuralgic amyotrophy,  and brachial neuritis is characterized by pain in the ipsilateral arm and muscle weakness from atrophy. (7)

Arthritis as a cause of stabbing pain in upper arm

Another major cause of arm pain is arthritis. Though the chronic bone abnormalities do not directly cause pain their impact on the joints can leave you unable to move.

Osteoarthritis is a bone degenerative disorder that leads to the formation of bone spurs that can cause aches in joints during movement (due to neuritis).

Rheumatoid arthritis is another chronic malady that triggers inflammation of the joints due to a hyperactive immune system. The result of this overactivity is an accumulation of auto-antibodies inside the joints that is accompanied by tenderness, swelling, fatigue, and pain.

Other auto-immune diseases that can have similar manifestations include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjorgen’s syndrome, etc.

The severity of the pain is high, which is why opioid analgesics are at times considered a suitable option.

Angina

Aside from nerve and muscle disorders, there are some more serious conditions that might present themselves in the form of arm pain.

But which side the pain is occurring and the nature of the pain are crucial in determining the cause. For example, right arm pain is mostly attributed to soft and hard tissues abruptions, whereas left arm pain is linked to cardiovascular pathologies.

Angina or cardiac angina is a chronic disease characterized by chest pain during activity. It can feel like chest congestion/pain and sometimes pain radiating into the left shoulder and arm. Some patients also report pressure in the back and neck region. This condition arises when the heart is unable to receive the required amount of oxygen.

This is usually the result of the narrowing of cardiac blood vessels leading to the inadequacy of oxygen supply to the heart, and is diagnosed by checking the medical history of coinciding symptoms including:

• shortness of breath
• chest pain that radiates to the jaw, neck, and arm
• nausea

It’s more common for symptoms to appear when carrying out any high-impact activity.

Cervical angina is another condition that resembles cardiac angina but is the outcome of a cervical spine disorder. (8)

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

An episode of radiating pain in the left arm accompanied by cold sweats, and shortness of breath must ring some bells as it is indicative of a heart attack.

Patients will usually experience a dull ache in the chest initially that gradually increases in severity and converts into chest congestion and sharp pain travelling from the chest into the neck and left arm.

Immediately call 911 if experiencing the above-mentioned symptoms.

Liver Cirrhosis/Failure as a cause of stabbing pain in upper arm

Rare cases of right arm pain include liver disturbances. In severe cases of liver cirrhosis, patients might experience pain in the upper part of the abdomen and right arm.

Diagnosis of stabbing pain in upper arm

To provide pain relief it is crucial for the doctor to know the underlying cause of arm pain. In most cases, the physician starts by carrying out a thorough physical examination paired with a medical history of the patient.

Physical Exam

The initial examination might involve the doctor asking you to perform a range of activities to check for any underlying fracture or injury.

Radiographs

An X-ray or MRI scan is generally recommended if an underlying fracture or any musculoskeletal issue is suspected. Ultrasounds may be used along with the more advanced CT and MRI scans to detect soft tissue abnormalities (tendon and ligament tears).

Heart Tests

If the arm pain is suspected to be an outcome of cardiac issues, the doctor might recommend you undergo blood tests and heart performance tests (ETT, etc.).

Heart enzyme levels in the blood are immediately checked to rule out myocardial infarction.

Treatment of stabbing pain in upper arm

Treatment options depend upon the nature and the severity of the pain. Symptomatic treatment involves prescribing over-the-counter painkillers (ibuprofen, diclofenac potassium, etc. ).

In cases of overuse or injury/trauma, rest is recommended to allow quicker healing of the tissues.

If OTC analgesics do not work, stronger anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids are given (orally, or via IM/IV injections). Neuritis cases are managed with analgesic drugs such as gabapentin, or pregabalin.

Physical therapy is an effective treatment modality for musculoskeletal and spinal cord associated pain. A physiotherapy session can help take off the burden from your arm muscles, improve the blood circulation in the region and enhance your range of motion.

However, in severe cases (ligament/tendon tear or fracture), surgery is the only option. An orthopaedic surgeon opts for open reduction and fixation of the broken bones.

For in-home remedies, you can follow the RICE principle i.e. rest (R), ice/cold application (I), compression (C), and elevation (E) of the affected arm.

Conclusion

Stabbing upper arm pain is a common phenomenon and affects millions of people across the globe. There is a wide variety of disorders and diseases that fall under the umbrella of arm pain. Muscle pull, rotator cuff injury, bursitis or tendonitis are major soft tissue disorders that can lead to upper arm pain. Nerve compression/impingement/destruction can also cause severe pain in the neck and upper arm region. Brachial neuritis and cervical radiculopathy are to be blamed.

Serious complications such as angina pectoris, cervical angina and heart attack also present in the form of upper arm pain. Thus, attention should be paid to the type of arm pain and any associated symptoms (chest congestion, cold sweats, and shortness of breath).

Symptomatic treatment involves OTC analgesics, muscle relaxants and corticosteroids. Medical advice may not include physical therapy but this particular treatment modality can mean a great deal in pain reduction. Surgery is limited to severe cases that are non-responsive to non-interventional approaches.

Frequently Asked Questions:

What causes an electric shock feeling in the arm?

Brachial plexus injury can cause an electric shock feeling in the arm. Minor injuries during sports, like wrestling or football, may compress or stretch brachial plexus nerves, called burners or stingers. So, whether the nerve is strained or inflamed, you may feel burning or electrical shock sensations that shoot down in your arms.

What does nerve damage in the arm feel like?

You may feel weakness, numbness, stabbing pain, burning, or tingling (needles and pain) in your arm if you’ve got your arm’s nerve damage. Most people with nerve damage or neuropathic pain are more sensitive to cold or touch and feel pain to even harmless stimuli.

Can a pinched nerve feel like an electric shock?

A pinched nerve may sometimes feel as intense and sharp as an electric shock, but often it feels like a burning or stabbing sensation. A pinched nerve occurs when the discs, ligaments, or bone restricts the blood flow to the specific nerve.

How long does a pinched nerve last?

A pinched nerve can heal itself without any medical treatment, but you suffer a lot in the meantime. In some people, a pinched nerve usually heals in as little as a few days, but in some, it may take as long as four to six weeks or more. So, if your pinched nerve is taking too long to heal, you should probably consult your doctor.

In the meantime, some pain-relieving medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen or some hot and cold therapies can help you improve the symptoms.

What causes a stabbing pain in the bicep?

Stabbing pain in the bicep may be caused by a trauma (fracture), injury to the bicep muscle fibers, bicep tendon tear, or nerve compression. Additionally, severe stabbing pain in the bicep may also be due to chronic conditions like osteoarthritis or a frozen shoulder. If you’re feeling an unusual stabbing pain in your bicep that worsens day by day, you should probably seek medical help.

What to do if you have a sharp pain in your arm?

If you have a sharp pain in your arm, these might help you relieve pain:

• Bed rest
• Apply an ice bag to your affected arm for 15 to 20 minutes 3 to 4 times a day.
• Try to keep your arm elevated to reduce swelling

7 Causes of Pain in the Upper Arm

Everyone experiences aches and pains from time to time. But how do you know when you should see your doctor? A doctor can help determine what is actually causing your pain. When it comes to upper arm pain, you want to make sure you can go about your regular routines and participate in activities you enjoy. When pain keeps you from common movements and everyday tasks, you want to talk to your doctor. Upper arm pain may be caused by a sudden injury, an overuse injury, or may even occur as a symptom of a health condition. Your Atlanta orthopedic doctor can diagnose the cause of your upper arm pain and determine the right treatment plan for you.

Anatomy of the Upper Arm

The upper arm contains an arm bone called the humerus that connects the shoulder to the elbow and a series of muscles, tendons, and ligaments that support movement and range of motion. Your biceps are the muscles that run along the top of your arm and are commonly associated with a flexing motion of your upper arm. Biceps help you rotate your arm and flex your elbow, so you depend on these muscles for everyday movements like brushing your teeth or lifting a cup of water. Your triceps run along the back or underside of your upper arm and support arm movements that engage your elbow, shoulder, and forearm. Any time you straighten your arm, you engage the triceps.

7 Causes of Upper Arm Pain

Whether you start noticing upper arm pain gradually or it occurs suddenly and feels quite severe, it can impact your typical movements and routines. Upper arm pain can occur in the muscles themselves, or you may notice pain that extends from your shoulder to your elbow. Different types of injuries and health conditions can impact what type of pain you experience and how long it lasts. Here are seven causes of pain in the upper arm.

Muscle Strain

When muscles stretch too far out of their normal range of motion, it can lead to a strain. This type of injury can affect people of all ages, though muscle strains can be more common in athletes. A mild muscle strain may resolve on its own after a few days with rest and at-home care. However, a more moderate or severe muscle strain could also include muscle tears that cause inflammation and swelling in the area. You could strain your bicep or triceps from a sudden, single movement or repetitive motions that stress the area. A strain in the muscles that support your shoulder could also cause pain in your upper arm and temporarily restrict certain movements.

Broken Bone

You may have suffered a broken bone if you experience sudden and severe pain after an accident. You could break your arm from falling on your hands with your arms outstretched or a sudden blow to the arm during a car accident or while playing sports. A broken bone, also known as a fracture, can require a cast to help hold your arm in place so the bone can heal properly. While a fractured wrist or forearm is quite common, breaking the upper arm bone is less common. A humerus fracture is more likely to occur at the top of the arm, just underneath the shoulder. This type of fracture will typically cause extreme pain, and you will likely be unable to move your arm. Severe swelling and bruising around your arm and shoulder can occur with a broken arm bone.

Tendonitis

Tendonitis refers to an overuse injury that affects the tendons. Tendons are tough, fibrous tissue that connect muscles and bones together. When you engage in activities that put repeated stress on your muscles, tendons, and ligaments, you can start to feel sore. Repetitive movements can also lead to tendonitis and tiny tears in the tendons that support your upper arm. A bicep tendon injury like biceps tendonitis can also affect your shoulder or elbow joint, causing serious pain and swelling in the area. Athletes who play baseball, tennis, or golf can develop tendonitis from the repetitive motions required in these sports.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, which occurs due to general wear and tear on the joints as you age. Osteoarthritis causes the cartilage that supports your joints to break down over time, leading to bones rubbing against one another. If you develop osteoarthritis in your shoulders or elbows, it can cause pain and discomfort in your arms. You may notice that your upper arm pain worsens with certain movements or activities when you have arthritis. Osteoarthritis commonly causes stiffness and swelling in the area around the affected joints, so your shoulder, arm, or elbow may feel especially sore and uncomfortable.

Pinched Nerve

You might be surprised to learn that a pinched nerve in your neck could actually cause pain in your upper arm. When a nerve becomes irritated or compressed, it is known as a pinched nerve. A pinched nerve in your neck may cause a shooting or stabbing pain that runs through your neck, shoulder, and arm. These sharp pains could result from an injury like a herniated disc that puts too much pressure on a nearby nerve. Poor posture and misalignments in the spine can also cause a pinched nerve. A pinched nerve in your arm or shoulder can also cause upper arm pain and lead to pain, tingling, and numbness that extend into your wrist and fingers.

Joint Dislocation

A dislocated joint can cause sudden and extreme pain in and around the area. The arm relies on three main joints for motion and support: the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. A dislocation to any one of these can make certain movements and activities incredibly painful or even impossible. When the humerus, or upper arm bone, pops out of the socket of the shoulder joint, you will need to see a doctor to have it popped back into place. A dislocated joint should be treated as soon as possible to avoid any additional damage to surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons.

Torn Rotator Cuff

Another type of shoulder injury that can cause pain in your upper arm is a torn rotator cuff. The rotator cuff refers to a group of muscles and tendons that help hold your shoulder joint in place. The main function of the rotator cuff is to allow you to move your shoulder and arm in all different directions. Irritation or damage to the rotator cuff can cause pain, weakness, and reduced range of motion. A torn rotator cuff could occur suddenly from lifting a heavy object or may develop over time from repetitive overhead motions. Upper arm pain from a rotator cuff injury typically worsens with certain motions and hurts more when you lie down on the affected side.

Acute Injuries vs. Overuse Injuries

An acute injury refers to a sudden trauma tied to a specific event, like a car accident injury. An overuse injury will have a more gradual onset, typically caused by repeated microtraumas to a particular area. Acute injuries that can cause sudden upper arm pain include a broken bone or joint dislocation. Overuse injuries that lead to increasing pain and discomfort over time include muscle strains, tendonitis, and osteoarthritis. Some arm injuries like a torn rotator cuff could be categorized as an acute injury or an overuse injury, depending on the cause. When you visit your doctor for upper arm pain, they will want to know if you can recall a specific moment or event where the pain started to occur, which can signal an acute injury. Otherwise, your doctor may want to assess you for overuse injuries and work with you to prevent this pain from occurring again in the future.

Treatment Options for Upper Arm Pain

Plan to see a doctor if you experience sudden upper arm pain or start noticing pain that has worsened over time. Your Atlanta orthopedic doctor will diagnose your upper arm pain accurately and develop an individualized plan of care to reduce your symptoms and address the root cause. Treatments for upper arm pain can range from home remedies like rest, icing the area, and anti-inflammatory medications. For a more serious injury or condition, your doctor may recommend physical therapy or other specialty services to support your recovery. At AICA Orthopedics, our doctors specialize in treating sports injuries, car accident injuries, and slip and fall injuries. Our doctors include orthopedists, neurologists, physical therapists, and chiropractors who all work together to provide you with quality, comprehensive care. Visit an AICA Orthopedics location in Atlanta near you, and don’t let upper arm pain keep you from the activities you enjoy!

Category: General

Pain in the shoulder joint: causes, treatment, which doctor to contact

Usually, many people tend to ignore pain in the shoulder joint, attributing it to physical exertion or sudden movements. Meanwhile, this condition requires competent assistance and treatment. Otherwise, serious complications may develop, which are accompanied by constant severe pain and even limited mobility.

Causes of shoulder pain

One of the most common causes of shoulder pain is injury or excessive physical activity. For example, with a strong blow, fall or sudden movement, a dislocation of the head of the humerus or a rupture of the tendon or ligament of the shoulder joint can occur. Also, as a result of a fall, a fracture of the neck or head of the humerus can occur.

However, pain in the shoulder joint can be a symptom of a number of diseases:

• Osteochondrosis. With osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, pathological changes occur. Because of this, the nerves are pinched and cannot work normally.

• Osteoarthritis. In this case, the source of pain is an inflammatory process in the joint or the destruction of hyaline cartilage.

• Bursitis. In this case, the inflammatory process is concentrated in the synovial sac (it is this that protects the muscles and joints from damage during overload). If the synovial bag is inflamed, it cannot cope with the protective function.

• Tendinitis. This is inflammation of the tendons and ligaments.

Among the less common causes of pain in the shoulder are hereditary diseases, infections, and malignant tumors.

Features

Shoulder pain is accompanied by other symptoms. They depend on the cause that caused pain in the joint.

With injuries, the pain is sharp and acute, occurs at the time of injury (blow, fall). Pain becomes stronger when moving, and if we are talking about a fracture, then the arm stops moving at all.

Osteochondrosis is characterized by aching pain. But if you do not start treatment, it will intensify. The pain seems to “spread” all over the arm, the limb often goes numb, and a slight tingling is felt in the fingers.

With osteoarthritis, in addition to intense pain, there is also swelling of the surrounding soft tissues. It also manifests itself as aching pain, which increases with movement, heavy load (for example, a person lifts something heavy). Often, patients complain of discomfort in the shoulder blade and collarbone. The disease is most often diagnosed in older people.

With bursitis, the shoulder hurts constantly – weeks and even months. It is important not to delay going to the doctor, because if left untreated, the inflammation of the periarticular sac can become chronic.

Tendonitis is characterized by both sharp and sharp, and aching pain. It provokes a large load on the hand. If you do not contact a specialist, the mobility of the limb will be limited over time.

Please note that with some serious diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, pains are noted that “give” to the shoulder. For example, such a symptom may be a manifestation of coronary heart disease.

How to treat shoulder pain

If the pain in the shoulder joint is caused by an injury, you should immediately contact the trauma department.
and orthopedics, where the doctor will conduct the necessary examinations (radiography and MRI) and manipulations (treat wounds, eliminate dislocation), and prescribe treatment. Before meeting with the doctor, the injured arm should be fixed with a bandage or splint, apply cold water to it (for example, a heating pad with cold water or ice in a bag wrapped in a towel). For severe pain, take painkillers.

If the pathologies are caused by diseases, treatment includes medication, physical therapy, and in some cases surgery is required.

Conservative therapy

According to indications, patients are recommended to take anti-inflammatory drugs, chondroprotectors, anesthetics. Locally prescribed ointments and gels with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

One of the most effective non-surgical treatments for shoulder pain is PRP therapy. It is an injection procedure aimed at reducing pain and inflammation, accelerating healing, and activating regeneration processes. The patient is injected into the affected area with platelet-rich plasma of his own blood, which was taken from the cubital vein. PRP therapy is carried out in a course: the number of procedures is determined by the doctor. This type of treatment has many advantages. Firstly, it is high efficiency: platelets stimulate tissue regeneration, which helps to reduce inflammation, improve the nutrition of tissues and cells, and, consequently, the rapid normalization of the condition. Secondly, the procedure is less traumatic: after it there are no edema, bruises. Thirdly, she has a minimum of contraindications – this is possible due to the fact that the patient’s own blood is used for injection. So, contraindications include anemia, cancer, exacerbation of infectious diseases and thrombocytopenia (a decrease in the level of platelets in the blood). The procedure is not performed if the patient is taking drugs that affect blood clotting. It is not performed for pregnant women.

Please note that during the treatment it is important to adhere to the protective regimen, that is, to exclude the load on the injured hand, to ensure its peace.

Physiotherapy

In diseases of the shoulder joint, physiotherapy exercises, massage, as well as laser and magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, UHF, etc. are effective. These procedures are aimed at reducing inflammation and eliminating pain.

Surgical treatment

There are several types of operations on the shoulder joint, which provide for open or arthroscopic access (using a special device – an arthroscope). By the way, arthroscopy is one of the most progressive methods of surgical intervention.

Shoulder arthroscopy is used to examine the joint, diagnose diseases and treat pathologies. During the procedure, an orthopedic surgeon inserts an arthroscope, a device with a small camera, into the joint through a small puncture. The doctor can examine in detail all the structures, as well as perform surgical procedures.

Arthroscopy is recommended to patients in the event that conservative therapy has not yielded results – the pain has persisted, and possibly even intensified. Indications for the procedure are tendon rupture, habitual dislocation of the shoulder, tendon tendonopathy and prolonged intractable pain syndrome.

Which doctor to contact

If you experience pain in the shoulder joint, you should contact an orthopedic traumatologist. The doctor will conduct an examination and prescribe examinations that will help to make an accurate diagnosis. Most often, this is radiography and MRI of the shoulder joint (an MRI of the spine is often prescribed for the purpose of differential diagnosis of pathologies of the cervical part of the position), as well as a laboratory blood test.

A range of services in the field of traumatology and orthopedics is provided by qualified doctors of the Scandinavian Health Center. In our clinic you can sign up for a consultation with experienced specialists – candidates of medical sciences and traumatologists of the highest qualification category. The doctors of the Scandinavian Health Center are proficient in modern methods of surgical treatment, and also carry out PRP therapy.

We also provide screenings and tests. Examinations are carried out on modern expert-class equipment, which guarantees high accuracy of the results obtained.

You can sign up for a consultation with our specialists through the online form on the website or by calling +7 (495) 645-00-54. You can also request a call back.

Top 7 causes of shoulder pain

What people call the shoulder is actually the shoulder joint. It combines a whole complex of structures – joints, muscles and tendons, which provide a wide range of movements in the hand. It is thanks to the highest mobility of the shoulder joint that we can scratch our back or lift something above our head.

Pain in the shoulder due to excessive movement in the joint or heavy loads. Such is the price of joint mobility. There can be many reasons: instability, damage to soft tissues or bone structures in the joint, and so on.

The shoulder joint includes 3 bones: the humerus (upper arm to the elbow), scapula and collarbone. The head of the humerus is inserted into the glenoid cavity of the scapula. A complex of muscles and tendons covers the head of the humerus and holds it in this cavity. This complex is called the rotator cuff and is responsible for rotational movements.

Pain in the shoulder joint may be felt during movement or at rest. It can be temporary or permanent, but in any case, it requires diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we will look at the 7 main causes of pain.

The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons identifies 4 categories of disorders that most commonly cause pain:

1. Inflammation of the tendons (bursitis or tendinitis), tendon rupture,

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2. Shoulder arthritis,
3. Fracture.

Other, less common causes include tumors, infections, and nerve problems. Next, we will take a closer look at the main causes of shoulder pain.

Bursitis

Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that lie between bones, muscles, and tendons. They act as cushions that reduce friction between muscles and bones.

Sometimes overuse of the shoulder joint leads to inflammation and swelling of the bursa. It is located between the rotator cuff and part of the shoulder blade called the acromial process. As a result, subacromial bursitis develops.

Very often, bursitis develops along with rotator cuff tendinitis. In this case, a large array of tissues becomes inflamed in the joint, which leads to severe pain. Simple daily chores like combing your hair or putting on a T-shirt become problems.

Tendinitis (inflammation of the tendons)

A tendon is a kind of cord that connects muscle to bone. Most often, tendinitis develops as a result of slow wear of the tendon. This process is similar to the wear of the sole, which falls apart after a long wear of the shoe. If you’re wondering why your shoulder hurts, it could be because of the wear and tear on the tendon.

Tendinitis comes in 2 forms:

1. Acute – this form develops after repeated movements in which the arms are raised above the head. Acute tendonitis occurs due to the same type and repetitive activity associated with work or sports. For example, when playing tennis.
2. Chronic. This is a degenerative form of the disorder caused by arthritis or repetitive damage to the tendon.

If we consider the area of ​​the shoulder joint, then the tendons of the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff, as well as one of the tendons of the biceps of the shoulder, are most often inflamed.

Tendon rupture

Tendon rupture is the result of degenerative changes due to age, excessive movement of the joint, tendon wear or injury. Ruptures can be either partial or divide the tendon into 2 parts. With a complete rupture, in most cases, the tendon is torn from the bone. The tendons of the rotator cuff and biceps brachii are most commonly affected.

Shoulder joint impingement

When the shoulder is retracted to the side and the acromial process presses on the underlying soft tissues, impingement is diagnosed. In this case, with the arm retracted to the side, the acromial process rubs or hits the tendons of the rotator cuff and the synovial bag. This is what causes shoulder pain. Sometimes impingement leads to bursitis and tendonitis, and also causes limited movement in the joint. Over time, severe impingement of the shoulder joint can result in a rotator cuff tear.

Joint instability

Instability occurs when the head of the humerus comes out of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. This happens either due to a sudden injury or due to excessive movement in the joint.

Shoulder misalignment is partial when the head of the humerus does not completely “come out” of the socket. This is called a subluxation. With full displacement, the head of the humerus completely “comes out” of the glenoid cavity.

Once the ligaments, tendons, and muscles that surround a joint become damaged or “loose,” the joint can be misaligned repeatedly. Permanent displacements (full or partial) cause pain in the shoulder joint, as well as instability when raising the arm forward or moving it to the side. Also, repeated subluxations or complete displacements increase the chances of developing arthritis.

Arthritis of the shoulder joint

There are several forms of arthritis, but most often the shoulder joint suffers from osteoarthritis. In this case, symptoms such as swelling, decreased mobility in the joint and pain in the shoulder appear. Most often, these symptoms begin to disturb in middle age.

Osteoarthritis develops slowly and the pain it causes only gets worse over time. This violation is associated with sports or work injuries, as well as chronic damage to the structures included in the joint.

Other types of arthritis may develop due to ruptures of the rotator cuff, infection, or inflammation of the synovial membrane. These forms of arthritis include:

• Rheumatoid arthritis – usually both shoulders are affected.
• Juvenile arthritis – this form of the disease develops in children under the age of 16 years. There are several varieties of juvenile arthritis that cause swelling, pain, and sometimes destruction of the shoulder joint.
• Gout – this form of arthritis usually affects the big toe joint, but as the disease progresses, other joints, including the shoulder, are also affected.
• Reactive arthritis – this form of arthritis occurs after an infection in the genitourinary or digestive tract. Most often, the knees, ankle and foot joints are affected. Sometimes reactive arthritis also affects the shoulder joint.