What is STEC? How does it spread? What are the symptoms and complications of STEC infections? How are STEC infections diagnosed and treated? Find the answers to these questions and more in this informative article.

Understanding Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) Infections

E. coli are a diverse group of bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans and animals. While most strains of these bacteria are harmless, some produce toxins that can make you sick and cause diarrhea, such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).

Who is at Risk for STEC Infections?

Anyone can get a STEC infection, but young children and the elderly are more susceptible to developing serious illnesses. Healthy older children and young adults can also become seriously ill from STEC infections.

How Do STEC Infections Spread?

People become infected with STEC when they eat any product contaminated with the bacteria. The bacteria live in the intestines of healthy cattle, and contamination of their meat may occur during the slaughtering process. Infection most typically occurs by eating contaminated food, particularly raw or undercooked meat. Infection can also occur after eating any product contaminated with STEC, including lettuce, alfalfa sprouts, salami, and raw (unpasteurized) milk, juice, or cider. Infected people can also spread E. coli to other people if they do not wash their hands after using the toilet.

Symptoms and Complications of STEC Infections

Symptoms of STEC infections can vary, but most often include severe diarrhea (loose stool/poop), stomach cramps, and vomiting. Diarrhea is often bloody, and little or no fever is present. Symptoms typically appear 3-4 days after eating (or having direct contact with) a contaminated product, but can range from 1-10 days.

In some people, particularly children under five years of age, infection can lead to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious life-threatening disease that can cause kidney damage or failure and other serious problems. Hospitalization is often required because transfusions of blood, plasma exchange, or kidney dialysis may be necessary.

Diagnosis and Treatment of STEC Infections

STEC infections are most often diagnosed through laboratory testing of stool (poop) specimens. There is no specific treatment for STEC infections. Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated is important, as diarrhea can cause dehydration. Antibiotics should not be used for the treatment of STEC infection, as there is no evidence that they are helpful and they may increase the risk of developing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

Preventing STEC Infections

To help prevent STEC infections, always handle raw meat, especially ground beef, according to the following recommendations:

• Wrap fresh meats in plastic bags at the market to prevent blood and juices from dripping on to other foods.
• Refrigerate promptly; do not store at room temperature.
• Never place cooked food on an unwashed plate that previously held raw beef, poultry, pork, fish, or seafood.
• Cutting boards and counters used for beef, poultry, pork, fish, or seafood preparation should be washed immediately after use to prevent cross-contamination with other foods.
• Avoid eating raw or undercooked meats. Check the temperature of cooked foods with a meat thermometer to ensure they reach the recommended safe temperatures.
• Avoid drinking raw (unpasteurized) milk, juices, and ciders. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, especially those that will be eaten raw.
• Wash hands with soap and water before and after food preparation, as well as before eating, after using the toilet, changing diapers, and after any animal contact.
• Avoid swallowing water from recreational water sources (including lakes, streams, and swimming pools).

Key Takeaways

STEC infections can be serious, but there are steps you can take to prevent them. By handling raw meat properly, avoiding unpasteurized products, and practicing good hygiene, you can significantly reduce your risk of contracting a STEC infection.

Conclusion

STEC infections can have severe consequences, particularly for young children and the elderly. Understanding how these infections spread, recognizing the symptoms, and taking preventive measures are crucial in keeping yourself and your loved ones safe. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, you can help protect yourself and reduce the risk of STEC infections.