What causes shivering during a fever. How to treat fever and chills at home. When should you see a doctor for fever symptoms. What are the differences between mild and high fevers in adults. How does the body respond to infections with shivering and increased temperature.

The Science Behind Shivering and Fever

Shivering is often associated with feeling cold, but it can also occur during a fever. This seemingly contradictory response is actually part of the body’s natural defense mechanism against illnesses. But how exactly does shivering relate to fever?

Shivering is an involuntary response triggered by the immune system when it detects an infection. The rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles during shivering generate heat, helping to raise the body’s temperature. This increase in temperature creates an environment less hospitable for pathogens, aiding in fighting off viral or bacterial infections.

The Role of the Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus, a region in the brain, acts as the body’s thermostat. During an infection, it adjusts the body’s temperature “set point” higher than the normal 98.6°F (37.0°C). This triggers shivering to quickly reach the new, elevated temperature. Once the body reaches this new set point, shivering typically subsides.

Common Causes of Fever and Shivering

While infections are a primary cause of fever and shivering, other conditions can trigger these symptoms. Understanding these causes can help in identifying the underlying issue and seeking appropriate treatment.

• Viral or bacterial infections
• Sudden drop in blood sugar levels
• Post-surgery response to anesthesia wearing off
• Heat exhaustion
• Certain medications (e.g., antibiotics, blood pressure-lowering drugs)
• Inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, cancer)
• Some immunizations (e.g., diphtheria, tetanus, pneumonia)

Can fever occur without shivering? Yes, it’s possible to experience a fever without accompanying chills or shivering. The presence or absence of shivering doesn’t necessarily indicate the severity of the fever or underlying condition.

Treating Fever and Shivering at Home

In many cases, fever and associated shivering can be managed effectively at home. What are the best approaches for treating these symptoms?

Rest and Hydration

For most adults and children over 2 years old with fevers below 102°F (38.9°C), rest and increased fluid intake are often sufficient. This approach also applies to babies between 3 and 6 months old, provided they’re not exhibiting unusual behavior.

Over-the-Counter Medications

When fever persists or rises above 102°F (38.9°C), over-the-counter medications can be helpful. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are commonly used to reduce fever. Always follow dosage instructions carefully, especially for children, and consult a healthcare professional if you have any doubts.

Home Comfort Measures

To manage mild fever and shivering at home, consider these strategies:

• Rest with a light sheet instead of heavy blankets
• Wear layers that can be easily removed if overheating occurs
• Adjust room temperature for comfort
• Ensure adequate hydration

Understanding Fever Severity in Adults

How do we differentiate between mild and high fevers in adults? Understanding these distinctions can help in determining when to seek medical attention.

Mild or Low-Grade Fever

A mild or low-grade fever in adults is typically defined as a temperature between 99.5°F (37.5°C) and 100.9°F (38.3°C). These fevers often don’t require medical intervention and can be managed with rest and hydration.

High or High-Grade Fever

A high or high-grade fever is generally considered to be a temperature over 103.0°F (39.4°C). These fevers may indicate a more serious condition and often warrant medical attention, especially if they persist or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

When to Seek Medical Help for Fever and Shivering

While many cases of fever and shivering can be managed at home, certain situations require prompt medical attention. When should you consult a healthcare professional?

Adults

For adults, medical help should be sought if:

• Temperature remains above 103°F (39.4°C) for more than an hour despite home treatment
• Fever lasts more than 3 days
• Severe symptoms accompany the fever (e.g., stiff neck, confusion, severe abdominal pain)

Infants and Children

For infants and young children, medical attention is necessary if:

• A baby younger than 3 months has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38.0°C) or higher
• A child between 3 months and 1 year has a fever above 102.0°F (38.9°C) lasting more than 24 hours
• Any child exhibits signs of dehydration, lethargy, or unusual behavior

Potential Complications of Untreated Fever

While fever is often a beneficial response to infection, prolonged or extremely high fevers can lead to complications. What are the risks associated with untreated fevers?

Dehydration

High fevers can cause increased fluid loss through sweating and rapid breathing. If not adequately replenished, this can lead to dehydration, which can be particularly dangerous for young children and older adults.

Febrile Seizures

In some children, particularly between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, high fevers can trigger febrile seizures. While generally harmless, these can be frightening for parents and may require medical evaluation.

Hallucinations

Very high fevers, particularly in children, can sometimes cause temporary hallucinations or confusion. While typically not harmful in themselves, these symptoms can be distressing and may indicate a need for medical attention.

Prevention Strategies for Fever and Associated Symptoms

While not all fevers can be prevented, certain strategies can help reduce the risk of developing fever-causing infections. How can you minimize your chances of experiencing fever and shivering?

Hygiene Practices

Maintaining good hygiene is crucial in preventing many infections that can lead to fever. This includes:

• Regular handwashing, especially before eating and after using the bathroom
• Avoiding close contact with individuals who are ill
• Covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing

Vaccination

Staying up-to-date with recommended vaccinations can prevent many infections that cause fever. This is particularly important for children, older adults, and individuals with compromised immune systems.

Healthy Lifestyle

Maintaining overall health can strengthen your immune system, making you less susceptible to infections. Key aspects include:

• Getting adequate sleep
• Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
• Regular exercise
• Managing stress

The Impact of Fever on Different Age Groups

Fever affects various age groups differently, and understanding these distinctions is crucial for appropriate management. How does fever manifest and what are the concerns for different age groups?

Infants and Young Children

Infants and young children are more susceptible to rapid temperature changes and can develop high fevers quickly. They’re also at higher risk for febrile seizures. Parents should monitor fevers closely in this age group and seek medical attention promptly if concerned.

Adults

While adults generally tolerate fevers well, persistent high fevers can be more concerning, especially if accompanied by other symptoms. Adults with chronic health conditions may be more vulnerable to complications from fever.

Older Adults

Older adults may not develop fevers as readily as younger individuals, even when fighting infections. Conversely, they may be more susceptible to complications from high fevers. Any fever in an older adult warrants close monitoring and potentially medical evaluation.

Fever and Shivering in Specific Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can alter how the body responds to infections or regulates temperature. How do fever and shivering manifest in specific health conditions?

Autoimmune Disorders

Individuals with autoimmune disorders may experience fever as part of disease flare-ups, even in the absence of infection. The immune system’s dysregulation can lead to periodic fever and associated symptoms.

Cancer

Cancer patients, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, may have altered immune responses. They might develop fevers more easily or, conversely, may not mount a typical fever response to infections, making vigilant monitoring crucial.

Diabetes

People with diabetes may experience difficulty regulating body temperature. They might be more prone to infections leading to fever, and fever can affect blood sugar levels, requiring careful management.

The Role of Fever in Fighting Infections

While fever can be uncomfortable, it plays a crucial role in the body’s defense against pathogens. How does increased body temperature aid in combating infections?

Enhanced Immune Function

Elevated body temperature can boost various aspects of immune function. It can increase the production and activity of white blood cells, enhancing the body’s ability to fight off invading pathogens.

Inhospitable Environment for Pathogens

Many harmful bacteria and viruses thrive at normal body temperature. By raising the body’s temperature, fever creates an environment less conducive to pathogen reproduction and survival.

Activation of Heat Shock Proteins

Fever triggers the production of heat shock proteins, which play a role in protecting cells from stress and damage. These proteins can also enhance the immune system’s ability to recognize and respond to pathogens.

Understanding the purpose of fever can help individuals make informed decisions about when to treat fever symptoms and when to let the body’s natural defenses work. However, it’s crucial to monitor fever closely and seek medical attention when appropriate, especially for high or persistent fevers.

Causes, Treatment, and When to Seek Help

People typically associate shivering with being cold, so you may wonder why you shiver when you have a fever. Shivering is part of the body’s natural response to an illness. When a person shivers, it helps their body temperature rise, which helps fight off a virus or a bacterial infection.

Still, it’s important to know what to do if you’re feeling hotter than normal, and your body is shaking with chills. Read on to learn more about shivering and fevers.

Shivering helps the body warm itself.

When you shiver, your muscles contract and relax in rapid succession, and all those little movements can create heat. It’s an involuntary response triggered by your immune system reacting to an infection or a cold environment.

An increase in body temperature can help your body fight infections because infections don’t survive as well above your normal temperature of 98.6°F (37.0°C).

The part of your brain that sets your body’s temperature is called the hypothalamus. When the body has an infection, the hypothalamus responds by moving the “set point” for a higher temperature.

The muscles in your body respond by contracting and relaxing faster, which helps your body reach this higher temperature more quickly. Once your body temperature reaches its new set point, your shivering should stop.

Other conditions, such as a sudden drop in your blood sugar levels, can also bring on shivering. You may also experience shivering after surgery as a response to the anesthesia wearing off.

Additionally, certain types of anesthesia can interfere with your body’s usual temperature regulation system. When paired with a cool operating room environment, a decrease in body temperature can lead to shivering.

Can you have a fever without shivering?

You may have a fever without shivering and the chills, too. Conditions that may trigger a fever include:

• heat exhaustion
• medications, such as certain antibiotics or blood pressure-lowering drugs
• some inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or cancer
• certain immunizations, including diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumonia (DTaP)

Not every fever needs treatment.

According to Mayo Clinic, rest and fluids are usually enough to treat a fever in adults and infants over the age of 2, unless the fever reaches above 102°F (38.9°C).

This treatment also applies to babies between 3 and 6 months old, as long as they are not acting out of the ordinary. Treat children ages 6 to 24 months in the same way, unless the fever stays above 102°F (38.9°C) rectally for more than a day.

When rest and fluids aren’t enough, try acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Read the labels carefully, especially when treating a child.

You should also check with a doctor or a pharmacist if you have any questions about dosing or combining medications.

Do not give medications to infants less than 6 months old.

Speak to a doctor immediately if an infant under 3 months old has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.

Mild vs. high fever in adults

• Mild or low-grade fever: A temperature between 99.5°F (37. 5°C) and 100.9°F (38.3°C)
• High or high-grade fever: Temperature over 103.0°F (39.4°C)

Was this helpful?

If you have a mild fever with shivering, you don’t necessarily need to see a doctor or take a fever-reducing medication. You might prefer to get comfortable and wait it out. You can try:

• resting with a light sheet, rather than a heavy blanket, which can continue to raise your body temperature
• putting on an extra layer of clothes, like a sweatshirt, that you can remove if you start to overheat
• turning up the temperature in your home
• drinking plenty of fluids

When other serious signs accompany a fever and chills, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. These include:

• a stiff neck
• confusion
• irritability
• sluggishness
• a bad cough
• shortness of breath
• severe abdominal pain

You should also seek medical help if:

• you’re an adult, and you have a temperature that remains above 103°F (39. 4°C) for more than an hour following home treatment
• you’re an adult, and you have a fever that lasts more than 3 days
• a baby younger than 3 months has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38.0°C) or higher
• a child between the ages of 3 months and 1 year has a fever above 102.0°F (38.9°C) that lasts for more than 24 hours

If you feel your temperature starting to rise into a fever, and you’re shivering, keep in mind that your body is probably responding to an infection.

Rest and fluids are the best ways to help your body recover, but you can take acetaminophen or ibuprofen as well, especially if your temperature rises above 102°F (38.9°C).

Pay close attention to other signs, which may indicate that you need to see a doctor.

If it’s your child who is shivering with what feels like a fever, be sure to get an accurate temperature reading, so you’ll know whether to get your little one to a doctor immediately.

Causes, Treatment, and When to Seek Help

People typically associate shivering with being cold, so you may wonder why you shiver when you have a fever. Shivering is part of the body’s natural response to an illness. When a person shivers, it helps their body temperature rise, which helps fight off a virus or a bacterial infection.

Still, it’s important to know what to do if you’re feeling hotter than normal, and your body is shaking with chills. Read on to learn more about shivering and fevers.

Shivering helps the body warm itself.

When you shiver, your muscles contract and relax in rapid succession, and all those little movements can create heat. It’s an involuntary response triggered by your immune system reacting to an infection or a cold environment.

An increase in body temperature can help your body fight infections because infections don’t survive as well above your normal temperature of 98.6°F (37.0°C).

The part of your brain that sets your body’s temperature is called the hypothalamus. When the body has an infection, the hypothalamus responds by moving the “set point” for a higher temperature.

The muscles in your body respond by contracting and relaxing faster, which helps your body reach this higher temperature more quickly. Once your body temperature reaches its new set point, your shivering should stop.

Other conditions, such as a sudden drop in your blood sugar levels, can also bring on shivering. You may also experience shivering after surgery as a response to the anesthesia wearing off.

Additionally, certain types of anesthesia can interfere with your body’s usual temperature regulation system. When paired with a cool operating room environment, a decrease in body temperature can lead to shivering.

Can you have a fever without shivering?

You may have a fever without shivering and the chills, too. Conditions that may trigger a fever include:

• heat exhaustion
• medications, such as certain antibiotics or blood pressure-lowering drugs
• some inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or cancer
• certain immunizations, including diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumonia (DTaP)

Not every fever needs treatment.

According to Mayo Clinic, rest and fluids are usually enough to treat a fever in adults and infants over the age of 2, unless the fever reaches above 102°F (38. 9°C).

This treatment also applies to babies between 3 and 6 months old, as long as they are not acting out of the ordinary. Treat children ages 6 to 24 months in the same way, unless the fever stays above 102°F (38.9°C) rectally for more than a day.

When rest and fluids aren’t enough, try acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Read the labels carefully, especially when treating a child.

You should also check with a doctor or a pharmacist if you have any questions about dosing or combining medications.

Do not give medications to infants less than 6 months old.

Speak to a doctor immediately if an infant under 3 months old has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.

Mild vs. high fever in adults

• Mild or low-grade fever: A temperature between 99.5°F (37.5°C) and 100.9°F (38.3°C)
• High or high-grade fever: Temperature over 103.0°F (39.4°C)

Was this helpful?

If you have a mild fever with shivering, you don’t necessarily need to see a doctor or take a fever-reducing medication. You might prefer to get comfortable and wait it out. You can try:

• resting with a light sheet, rather than a heavy blanket, which can continue to raise your body temperature
• putting on an extra layer of clothes, like a sweatshirt, that you can remove if you start to overheat
• turning up the temperature in your home
• drinking plenty of fluids

When other serious signs accompany a fever and chills, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. These include:

• a stiff neck
• confusion
• irritability
• sluggishness
• a bad cough
• shortness of breath
• severe abdominal pain

You should also seek medical help if:

• you’re an adult, and you have a temperature that remains above 103°F (39.4°C) for more than an hour following home treatment
• you’re an adult, and you have a fever that lasts more than 3 days
• a baby younger than 3 months has a rectal temperature of 100. 4°F (38.0°C) or higher
• a child between the ages of 3 months and 1 year has a fever above 102.0°F (38.9°C) that lasts for more than 24 hours

If you feel your temperature starting to rise into a fever, and you’re shivering, keep in mind that your body is probably responding to an infection.

Rest and fluids are the best ways to help your body recover, but you can take acetaminophen or ibuprofen as well, especially if your temperature rises above 102°F (38.9°C).

Pay close attention to other signs, which may indicate that you need to see a doctor.

If it’s your child who is shivering with what feels like a fever, be sure to get an accurate temperature reading, so you’ll know whether to get your little one to a doctor immediately.

Causes of severe chills in colds and flu, how to treat this condition

Rinza®

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Colds and flu

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Severe chills, main causes and treatment

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Severe chills, underlying causes and treatment

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Author, editor and medical expert

Klimovich Elina Valerievna

Editor

Harutyunyan Mariam Harutyunovna

Contents:

• Causes
• Why does chills appear without fever?
• How to deal with chills
• Can chills be prevented?
• References

Contents of the article Causes Why does chills appear without fever? What to do with chills Can chills be prevented? References

Chills in an adult occur due to spasm of the superficial vessels of the skin and are accompanied by trembling, in which individual muscle fibers begin to contract, and a feeling of goosebumps due to contraction of the muscles that raise the hairs on the arms and legs. At the same time, a person feels cold, tries to wrap himself in a blanket or curl up. In this way the body tries to warm up ^4.5 .

Causes

Most often, chills are observed against the background of fever ³ , which accompanies almost all infectious diseases ⁴ is a universal reaction of the organism ⁴ . When microbes and viruses penetrate it, the body “protects itself” by raising the body temperature ^2.3 .

Since more heat is generated during muscle contractions ⁶ , it means that the more pronounced the chill, the higher the body temperature ² . Light chilling is characteristic of 38 – 39 ⁰ C, “teeth chattering” and severe trembling – for fever in the range of 39 ⁰ – 40 ⁰ C. Terrific chills, covering the whole body, occur at temperatures above 40 ⁰ C ^3.6 .

Chilliness and fever may be disturbed by various infectious diseases, for example, colds, flu ³ or when a focus of purulent inflammation forms in any organ, for example, in the heart, kidneys, pleura, lungs or veins ⁷ . Symptoms are caused by pyrogens, or substances that can affect the thermoregulatory center in the brain. Pyrogens can be biologically active substances that secrete bacteria, viruses and other pathogens ³ .

Sometimes it is not infectious agents that act as pyrogens, but substances that are formed in the body itself during tissue damage and decay – inflammation, bruises, hemorrhages ^2.3 .

Even if you feel cold, trembling in the body, and the thermometer shows a temperature above 37 ⁰ C, the cause may not be inflammation or even an infection, but the following conditions:

• Nervous strain. With neurocirculatory dystonia (neurosis), chills often begin in the evening or at night. It can be provoked by emotional stress ¹⁶ .
• Hormonal imbalance. Chilling in women on the background of elevated temperature (37-38 ⁰ C) is a frequent symptom of menopause ^3.7 or premenstrual syndrome ¹⁸ .
• Blood diseases. Symptoms resembling infectious fever with shivering may be a sign of hemolytic anemia or lymphoma ¹⁴ .
• Hyperthermia. Overheating of the body occurs after intense physical overstrain, if the ambient temperature is above 26.7 ⁰ C ¹⁴ . Under such conditions, heat transfer is disturbed, and excess heat accumulates in the body ⁵ . Overheating affects athletes participating in competitions in a country with an unusual climate, while not observing the correct drinking regimen, as well as people suffering from obesity ¹⁴ .

What causes chills without fever?

Chilling can also occur against the background of normal and even low body temperature ^1,2,14 . During hypothermia – for example, when staying in the cold for a long time or immersing in cold water, ^1.2 – the vessels constrict so that the body does not lose heat. For example, trained swimmers with enough body fat to retain heat typically don’t feel shivering in cold water. But thin people with low levels of physical activity in similar conditions quickly lose blood circulation, develop severe trembling, turning into chills, and body temperature may even drop ¹⁴ .

Other causes of chills without fever include:

• hypoglycemia – low blood glucose levels – in patients with diabetes mellitus ⁹ ;
• hypothyroidism – deficiency of thyroid hormones ¹⁵ ;
• hypertensive crisis – a sharp and significant rise in blood pressure ⁸ .

Shaking without fever may occur if there is a long period of time between taking antipyretic drugs. These drugs quickly bring down the temperature, but if they are used incorrectly, a side effect sometimes occurs – muscle contraction, that is, trembling in the body. To avoid such phenomena, consult a specialist, he will tell you how to take antipyretics correctly ¹⁴ .

What to do in case of chills

In case of hypothermia, it is enough to warm up – put on warm clothes, drink hot tea or milk ¹ . If the flu or cold against the background of fever (above 38 ⁰ C) and chills, the state of health worsens, the legs and hands become cold, and the skin is “marble”, it is likely that the body temperature will rise, which means that measures need to be taken ^2.10 . First of all, consult a doctor in a clinic or call a doctor at home.

To alleviate unpleasant symptoms, when you feel chills, you should:

1. Wrap yourself in a blanket and keep warm. No need to be afraid that the temperature will start to rise even faster. The body does not lose its ability to resist external heat during fever ² .
2. Wipe the body with warm water at a temperature of 41 ⁰ C and above. Evaporating from the surface of the skin, the water will remove heat and contribute to its gradual cooling. But remember that you can not wipe the skin with cold water: sudden cooling causes even greater muscle and vascular spasm, increases chills and accelerates the rise in temperature ¹⁰ . Antipyretic drug ¹⁰ should be taken 30 minutes before the rubdown.

If you wipe down without taking an antipyretic, chills may appear – due to trembling in the body, the temperature will rise again ¹⁷ .

RINZASIP® with vitamin C

To combat fever and other symptoms of colds (ARVI) and flu, paracetamol-based preparations are intended, for example, the combined RINZA® and RINZASIP®, which can be used by adults and adolescents from 15 years of age, and RINZASIP ® for children from 6 years of age ^{11 .12} .

• RINZA® tablets contain paracetamol, phenylephrine, chlorphenamine and caffeine. The drug is ready for action 10 minutes after taking ¹³ , reduces muscle and joint pain, reduces fever ¹¹ . RINZA® also facilitates breathing in case of swelling of the airways, helps to reduce sore throat, itching of the eyes and nose ¹¹ .
• RINZASIP® drink powders with vitamin C contain, in addition to paracetamol, phenylephrine, pheniramine and caffeine, ascorbic acid. RINZASIP® with vitamin C in orange, lemon or blackcurrant flavor reduces cold symptoms and improves body resistance ¹² .

Attention! You can take antipyretic drugs for no more than 5 days ^11.12 . If fever, trembling and coldness persist or recur, a specialist should be consulted to find out the cause of this condition ⁴ .

Can chills be prevented?

To avoid the occurrence of this symptom, it is necessary first of all to act on its causes – to avoid situations in which it occurs, for example, hypothermia or training in conditions of high air temperature ¹⁴ . It is also important to strengthen the immune system and start treating a cold at its first symptoms. If chilliness is not associated with a cold and occurs periodically ^8,14,16 , you should consult a doctor in a timely manner to prevent a new attack. Indeed, in such cases, chills can be a signal that the body gives in various chronic diseases ² .

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, contact a qualified specialist.

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Chapter 2. Fever and chills

Fever is an increase in body temperature as a result of changes in the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. Although the temperature is considered normal up to 37 ° C, its maximum values ​​​​are from 37.2 “C at 6 am to 37.7 “C at 4 pm. The cause of the fever is the rearrangement of the hypothalamic “reference point” by prostaglandins to another level, mediated by cytokines. There are few symptoms in clinical medicine that have the same diagnostic value as fever. Hyperthermia without fever occurs when the body cannot adequately give off the heat it produces (for example, when the ambient temperature rises) or under the influence of medications (neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia).

True fever results from infection, immune disorders, vasculitis or thrombosis, infarction, trauma, granulomatous disease (sarcoidosis), colitis, tumor (especially Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, leukemia, renal carcinoma, hepatoma) or acute metabolic disorders (thyroid crisis, adrenal crisis).

Clinical picture

Feverish patients report myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia and drowsiness. Most of them have chills and chilliness. With tremendous chills, severe fever, piloerection and trembling occur, the patient’s teeth chatter. Activation of heat loss mechanisms leads to sweating. Mental status abnormalities, including delirium and seizures, are more common in very young, very old, or debilitated patients.

Diagnosis

The clinical picture should be carefully evaluated. They study in detail the anamnesis, the patient’s life history, his trips, heredity. Next, a detailed functional examination of the patient is carried out, repeating it. They perform laboratory tests, including a clinical blood test with the necessary detail (plasmocytes, toxic granularity, etc.), as well as a study of pathological fluid (pleural, articular). Other tests: ESR, urinalysis, determination of the functional activity of the liver, blood cultures for sterility, urine, sputum and feces (for microflora). Special research methods include X-ray, MRI, CT (to detect abscesses), radionuclide studies. If non-invasive research methods do not allow making a diagnosis, a biopsy of the organ tissue is performed, bone marrow puncture is advisable in patients with anemia.

Fever of unspecified origin (FUN)

Diagnosis is made when body temperature rises above 38. 3 °C several times for more than 2 weeks, and the cause cannot be determined a week after hospitalization or after three visits to the patient. Most often, such a fever is associated with an infection, tumor, CBST, or vasculitis. Other causes: drugs, granulomatosis, UC, PE A, sham, Mediterranean fever, erythema multiforme, Behçet’s syndrome, Fabry disease, Whipple’s disease. It is unlikely that LDL lasting more than 6 months is associated with infection. If no cause can be found, the prognosis is usually good.

Treatment

High fever (above 41°C) should be treated with antipyretics and cooling by wiping the body with a damp sponge. Low or low fever may not be treated, except in situations such as febrile convulsions in children, pregnancy, cardiopulmonary and brain disorders. Paracetamol (650 mg) every 3 hours during the day is effective in the treatment of most cases of fever. The advantage of the drug is that it does not mask the symptoms of inflammation (which may suggest the cause of the fever), does not impair platelet function, and does not cause Reye’s syndrome in children.