What are the uses of allopurinol. What is the recommended dosage of allopurinol. What are the potential side effects of taking allopurinol 300 mg.

Allopurinol: An Overview

Allopurinol is a prescription drug that belongs to a class of medications known as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. It is primarily used to treat conditions associated with high levels of uric acid in the blood and urine, such as gout, kidney stones, and certain types of cancer treatment. Allopurinol works by blocking the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for the production of uric acid in the body.

Uses of Allopurinol

Allopurinol is commonly prescribed for the following conditions:

• Gout: Allopurinol helps to lower uric acid levels in the blood, reducing the risk of painful gout flare-ups.
• Elevated serum uric acid levels: Allopurinol can be used to manage high levels of uric acid in the blood, which can lead to the formation of uric acid crystals and the development of kidney stones.
• Recurrent kidney stones: By reducing uric acid levels, allopurinol can help prevent the formation of new kidney stones or the recurrence of existing ones.
• Cancer treatment: Allopurinol may be used to manage high uric acid levels that can occur as a side effect of certain cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy.

Dosage of Allopurinol

The recommended dosage of allopurinol can vary depending on the individual’s condition and response to the medication. The typical starting dose is 100 mg per day, which may be gradually increased to a maximum of 800 mg per day, if necessary. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider and to take the medication as directed.

Potential Side Effects of Allopurinol

Like any medication, allopurinol can cause a range of side effects. The most common side effects of allopurinol include:

• Skin rash
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Changes in liver function test results
• Gout flare-ups (during the initial phase of treatment)

In some cases, allopurinol can also cause more serious side effects, such as a severe and potentially life-threatening skin rash, liver injury, and drowsiness. If you experience any of these side effects, it is important to contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Interactions and Precautions

Allopurinol can interact with certain medications, vitamins, or herbs that you may be taking. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you are currently using to avoid potentially harmful interactions. Additionally, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids (at least 14 cups per day) while taking allopurinol to help prevent the formation of uric acid crystals and kidney stones.

Conclusion

Allopurinol is a widely used medication for the management of conditions related to high uric acid levels, such as gout, kidney stones, and certain cancer treatments. While it is generally well-tolerated, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects and to follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider. By working closely with your medical team and taking the necessary precautions, you can safely and effectively use allopurinol to manage your condition.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the recommended dosage of allopurinol?. The typical starting dose of allopurinol is 100 mg per day, which may be gradually increased to a maximum of 800 mg per day, if necessary.

What are the potential side effects of taking allopurinol 300 mg?. The most common side effects of allopurinol include skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, changes in liver function test results, and gout flare-ups during the initial phase of treatment. In some cases, more serious side effects such as a severe skin rash, liver injury, and drowsiness may occur.

How does allopurinol work to lower uric acid levels?. Allopurinol belongs to a class of drugs called xanthine oxidase inhibitors, which work by blocking the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for the production of uric acid in the body.

Can allopurinol interact with other medications?. Yes, allopurinol can interact with certain medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you are currently using to avoid potentially harmful interactions.

How much fluid should I drink while taking allopurinol?. It is recommended to drink at least 14 cups (3.4 liters) of fluids per day while taking allopurinol to help prevent the formation of uric acid crystals and kidney stones.

What conditions can allopurinol be used to treat?. Allopurinol is primarily used to treat conditions associated with high levels of uric acid in the blood and urine, such as gout, kidney stones, and certain types of cancer treatment.

Is allopurinol available as a generic drug?. Yes, allopurinol is available as a generic drug, in addition to the brand-name drugs Zyloprim and Lopurin.

Side Effects, Dosage, Uses & More

Highlights for allopurinol

1. Allopurinol oral tablet is available as a generic drug and as brand-name drugs. Brand names: Zyloprim and Lopurin.
2. Allopurinol is also given as an injection by a healthcare professional in the hospital.
3. Allopurinol oral tablet is used to treat gout, elevated serum uric acid levels, and recurrent kidney stones.

• Severe skin rash: This drug may cause a severe, life-threatening skin rash. If you have itchiness, trouble breathing, or swelling of your face or throat, stop taking this drug and call your doctor right away.
• Liver injury: This drug may cause changes in liver function test results and liver failure. This may be fatal. If you develop liver problems, your doctor may have you stop taking allopurinol.
• Drowsiness: This drug can cause drowsiness. You shouldn’t drive, use machinery, or do other tasks that require alertness until you know how it affects you.
• Fluid intake: You should drink at least 3.4 liters (14 cups) of fluids each day. This will help you urinate at least 2 liters (2 quarts) per day. This can help prevent uric acid crystals from forming and blocking your urine flow. Ask your doctor how to measure how much you urinate.

Allopurinol oral tablet is a prescription drug that’s available as the brand-name drugs Zyloprim and Lopurin. It’s also available as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less. In some cases, they may not be available in every strength or form as the brand-name version.

Allopurinol also comes in an intravenous (IV) form, which is only given by a healthcare professional.

Allopurinol may be used as part of a combination therapy. This means you may need to take it with other medications.

Why it’s used

Allopurinol is used to decrease uric acid levels in the blood and urine of people with high uric acid levels. High uric acid levels may be caused by the following:

• gout
• kidney stones, kidney damage, or treatment with dialysis
• cancer chemotherapy
• psoriasis
• use of diuretics (water pills)
• a diet high in soft drinks, beef, steak, salami, or beer

How it works

Allopurinol belongs to a class of drugs called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.

Allopurinol decreases blood and urine uric acid levels by blocking xanthine oxidase. This is an enzyme that helps make uric acid. High levels of uric acid in your blood or urine can cause gout or kidney stones.

Allopurinol oral tablet may cause drowsiness. You shouldn’t drive, use machinery, or do other tasks that require alertness until you know how allopurinol affects you. It can also cause other side effects.

More common side effects

The more common side effects of allopurinol oral tablet can include:

• skin rash
• diarrhea
• nausea
• changes in your liver function test results
• gout flare-up (if you have gout)

If you develop a skin rash, talk your doctor right away. You should not continue taking allopurinol if you develop a rash. Other mild side effects may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Serious side effects

Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

• Severe skin rash. Symptoms can include:
  • itchy hives (raised bumps on your skin)
  • red or purple-colored spots on your skin
  • scaly skin
  • fever
  • chills
  • trouble breathing
  • swelling of your face or throat
• Liver injury. Symptoms can include:
  • tiredness
  • lack of appetite
  • weight loss
  • right upper abdominal area pain or discomfort
  • jaundice (dark-colored urine or yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes)

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare professional who knows your medical history.

Allopurinol oral tablet can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.

To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Interactions that increase your risk of side effects

• Side effects from allopurinol: Taking allopurinol with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from allopurinol. This is because the amount of allopurinol in your body is increased. Examples of these drugs include:
  • Ampicillin or amoxicillin. You may have an increased risk of a skin rash.
  • Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide. You may have an increased risk of allopurinol side effects. These include skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, changes in your liver function test results, and gout flare-ups.
• Side effects from other drugs: Taking allopurinol with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from these drugs. Examples of these drugs include:
  • Mercaptopurine. Allopurinol can increase the blood levels of mercaptopurine in your body. It does this by blocking one of the enzymes used to break down mercaptopurine. This can cause severe side effects from mercaptopurine. Your doctor may reduce your mercaptopurine dose.
  • Azathioprine. Allopurinol can increase the blood levels of azathioprine in your body. It does this by blocking one of the enzymes used to break down azathioprine. This can cause severe side effects from azathioprine. Your doctor may reduce your azathioprine dosage.
  • Cyclosporine. Taking allopurinol with cyclosporine may increase cyclosporine levels in your body. Your doctor should monitor your cyclosporine levels and adjust your dose if needed.

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare professional about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.

This drug comes with several warnings.

Allergy warning

Allopurinol can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:

• itchy hives (raised bumps on your skin)
• red or purple-colored spots on your skin
• scaly skin
• fever
• chills
• trouble breathing
• swelling of your face or throat

If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor or local poison control center right away. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).

When to call your doctor

Call your doctor if your gout symptoms get worse while you’re taking this drug. When you first start taking this medication, it can cause your gout to flare up. Your doctor may give you nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or colchicine to treat the flare-up and prevent more flares. You may need to take these drugs for up to 6 months.

Warnings for certain groups

For people with kidney problems: If you have kidney problems or a history of kidney disease, you may not be able to clear this drug from your body well. This may increase the levels of allopurinol in your body and cause more side effects. This medication may also decrease your kidney function. This would make your kidney disease worse.

For pregnant women: Allopurinol is a category C pregnancy drug. That means two things:

1. Research in animals has shown adverse effects to the fetus when the mother takes the drug.
2. There haven’t been enough studies done in humans to be certain how the drug might affect the fetus.

Talk with your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant. This drug should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

For women who are breastfeeding: Allopurinol passes into breast milk and may cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. Talk with your doctor if you breastfeed your child. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication.

For seniors: The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

For children: This medication hasn’t been studied and shouldn’t be used in people younger than 18 years for the treatment of gout or kidney stones.

This dosage information is for allopurinol oral tablet. All possible dosages and drug forms may not be included here. Your dosage, drug form, and how often you take the drug will depend on:

• your age
• the condition being treated
• how severe your condition is
• other medical conditions you have
• how you react to the first dose

Forms and strengths

Generic: Allopurinol

• Form: oral tablet
• Strengths: 100 mg, 300 mg

Brand: Zyloprim

• Form: oral tablet
• Strengths: 100 mg, 300 mg

Brand: Lopurin

• Form: oral tablet
• Strengths: 100 mg, 300 mg

Dosage for gout

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

• Typical starting dose: 100 mg per day
• Dose adjustments: Your doctor may increase your dose by 100 mg per week until you’ve reached the desired level of serum uric acid.
• Usual dose:
  • Mild gout: 200–300 mg per day
  • Moderate to severe gout: 400–600 mg per day
• Maximum dose: 800 mg per day taken in divided doses

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied and shouldn’t be used in people younger than 18 years for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special considerations

• For people with kidney disease: Depending on how well your kidneys are working, your doctor will lower your dosage. Your doctor will decide your dosage based on your creatinine clearance. This is a measure of your kidney function.

Dosage for elevated serum uric acid levels due to cancer treatments

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

600–800 mg per day for 2 or 3 days.

Child dosage (ages 11–17 years)

600–800 mg per day for 2 or 3 days

Child dosage (ages 6–10 years)

300 mg per day. Your doctor will adjust your dose as needed based on your serum uric acid level.

Child dosage (ages 0–5 years)

150 mg per day. Your doctor will adjust your child’s dose as needed based on your serum uric acid level.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special considerations

• For people with kidney disease: Depending on how well your kidneys are working, your doctor will lower your dose. Your doctor will decide your dosage based on your creatinine clearance. This is a test that measures your kidney function.

Dosage for recurrent kidney stones

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

Typical dosage is 200–300 mg per day taken in a single or divided doses.

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied and shouldn’t be used in people younger than 18 years for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special considerations

• For people with kidney disease: Depending on how well your kidneys are working, your doctor will lower your dose. Your doctor will decide your dosage based on your creatinine clearance. This is a test that measures your kidney function.

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always to speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.

Allopurinol oral tablet is used for long-term treatment. It comes with serious risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.

If you stop taking the drug suddenly or don’t take it at all: The uric acid levels in your blood or urine will stay high. If you have gout or kidney stones, you’ll still have symptoms of your condition.

If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.

If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms can include:

• skin rash
• diarrhea
• nausea
• changes in your liver function test results
• gout flare-up (if you have gout)

If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or local poison control center. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.

What to do if you miss a dose: Take your dose as soon as you remember. But if you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: Your doctor will test your uric acid levels to check if this drug is working. Your blood uric acid levels will decrease about 1–3 weeks after you start taking this drug. Your doctor will also ask you about how much fluids you drink and how much fluids you urinate.

Right after you start taking this drug, you may have gout flares. Over time, your symptoms of gout may start to go away.

Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes allopurinol oral tablet for you.

General

• Take this drug at the time(s) recommended by your doctor.
• You can take allopurinol with or without food.
• Taking this drug after a meal and with lots of water may reduce your chance of upset stomach.
• You can cut or crush the allopurinol tablet.
• Not every pharmacy stocks this drug. When filling your prescription, be sure to call ahead to make sure your pharmacy carries it.

Storage

• Store allopurinol at room temperature. Keep it between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
• Keep it away from light.
• Don’t store this medication in moist or damp areas, such as bathrooms.

Refills

A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.

Travel

When traveling with your medication:

• Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
• Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They can’t hurt your medication.
• You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled box with you.
• Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.

Clinical monitoring

You and your doctor should monitor certain health issues. This can help make sure you stay safe while you take this drug. These issues include:

• Kidney function. Your doctor may do blood tests to check how well your kidneys are working. If your kidneys aren’t working well, your doctor may lower your dose of this drug.
• Liver function. Your doctor may do blood tests to check how well your liver is working. If your liver isn’t working well, your doctor may lower your dose of this drug.
• Uric acid levels. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your uric acid. This will help your doctor tell how well this drug is working.

Your diet

If you have repeat kidney stones, your doctor may tell you to eat a special diet. This diet will be low in animal protein (meat), sodium, sugar, and oxalate-rich foods (such as, spinach, beets, celery, and green beans).

Your diet should also be high in fiber, and you should drink plenty of water. You may also need to watch your calcium intake.

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk with your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.

Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

Side Effects, Dosage, Uses & More

Highlights for allopurinol

1. Allopurinol oral tablet is available as a generic drug and as brand-name drugs. Brand names: Zyloprim and Lopurin.
2. Allopurinol is also given as an injection by a healthcare professional in the hospital.
3. Allopurinol oral tablet is used to treat gout, elevated serum uric acid levels, and recurrent kidney stones.

• Severe skin rash: This drug may cause a severe, life-threatening skin rash. If you have itchiness, trouble breathing, or swelling of your face or throat, stop taking this drug and call your doctor right away.
• Liver injury: This drug may cause changes in liver function test results and liver failure. This may be fatal. If you develop liver problems, your doctor may have you stop taking allopurinol.
• Drowsiness: This drug can cause drowsiness. You shouldn’t drive, use machinery, or do other tasks that require alertness until you know how it affects you.
• Fluid intake: You should drink at least 3.4 liters (14 cups) of fluids each day. This will help you urinate at least 2 liters (2 quarts) per day. This can help prevent uric acid crystals from forming and blocking your urine flow. Ask your doctor how to measure how much you urinate.

Allopurinol oral tablet is a prescription drug that’s available as the brand-name drugs Zyloprim and Lopurin. It’s also available as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less. In some cases, they may not be available in every strength or form as the brand-name version.

Allopurinol also comes in an intravenous (IV) form, which is only given by a healthcare professional.

Allopurinol may be used as part of a combination therapy. This means you may need to take it with other medications.

Why it’s used

Allopurinol is used to decrease uric acid levels in the blood and urine of people with high uric acid levels. High uric acid levels may be caused by the following:

• gout
• kidney stones, kidney damage, or treatment with dialysis
• cancer chemotherapy
• psoriasis
• use of diuretics (water pills)
• a diet high in soft drinks, beef, steak, salami, or beer

How it works

Allopurinol belongs to a class of drugs called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.

Allopurinol decreases blood and urine uric acid levels by blocking xanthine oxidase. This is an enzyme that helps make uric acid. High levels of uric acid in your blood or urine can cause gout or kidney stones.

Allopurinol oral tablet may cause drowsiness. You shouldn’t drive, use machinery, or do other tasks that require alertness until you know how allopurinol affects you. It can also cause other side effects.

More common side effects

The more common side effects of allopurinol oral tablet can include:

• skin rash
• diarrhea
• nausea
• changes in your liver function test results
• gout flare-up (if you have gout)

If you develop a skin rash, talk your doctor right away. You should not continue taking allopurinol if you develop a rash. Other mild side effects may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Serious side effects

Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

• Severe skin rash. Symptoms can include:
  • itchy hives (raised bumps on your skin)
  • red or purple-colored spots on your skin
  • scaly skin
  • fever
  • chills
  • trouble breathing
  • swelling of your face or throat
• Liver injury. Symptoms can include:
  • tiredness
  • lack of appetite
  • weight loss
  • right upper abdominal area pain or discomfort
  • jaundice (dark-colored urine or yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes)

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss possible side effects with a healthcare professional who knows your medical history.

Allopurinol oral tablet can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.

To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Interactions that increase your risk of side effects

• Side effects from allopurinol: Taking allopurinol with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from allopurinol. This is because the amount of allopurinol in your body is increased. Examples of these drugs include:
  • Ampicillin or amoxicillin. You may have an increased risk of a skin rash.
  • Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide. You may have an increased risk of allopurinol side effects. These include skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, changes in your liver function test results, and gout flare-ups.
• Side effects from other drugs: Taking allopurinol with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from these drugs. Examples of these drugs include:
  • Mercaptopurine. Allopurinol can increase the blood levels of mercaptopurine in your body. It does this by blocking one of the enzymes used to break down mercaptopurine. This can cause severe side effects from mercaptopurine. Your doctor may reduce your mercaptopurine dose.
  • Azathioprine. Allopurinol can increase the blood levels of azathioprine in your body. It does this by blocking one of the enzymes used to break down azathioprine. This can cause severe side effects from azathioprine. Your doctor may reduce your azathioprine dosage.
  • Cyclosporine. Taking allopurinol with cyclosporine may increase cyclosporine levels in your body. Your doctor should monitor your cyclosporine levels and adjust your dose if needed.

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs interact differently in each person, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible interactions. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always speak with your healthcare professional about possible interactions with all prescription drugs, vitamins, herbs and supplements, and over-the-counter drugs that you are taking.

This drug comes with several warnings.

Allergy warning

Allopurinol can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:

• itchy hives (raised bumps on your skin)
• red or purple-colored spots on your skin
• scaly skin
• fever
• chills
• trouble breathing
• swelling of your face or throat

If you have an allergic reaction, call your doctor or local poison control center right away. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).

When to call your doctor

Call your doctor if your gout symptoms get worse while you’re taking this drug. When you first start taking this medication, it can cause your gout to flare up. Your doctor may give you nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or colchicine to treat the flare-up and prevent more flares. You may need to take these drugs for up to 6 months.

Warnings for certain groups

For people with kidney problems: If you have kidney problems or a history of kidney disease, you may not be able to clear this drug from your body well. This may increase the levels of allopurinol in your body and cause more side effects. This medication may also decrease your kidney function. This would make your kidney disease worse.

For pregnant women: Allopurinol is a category C pregnancy drug. That means two things:

1. Research in animals has shown adverse effects to the fetus when the mother takes the drug.
2. There haven’t been enough studies done in humans to be certain how the drug might affect the fetus.

Talk with your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant. This drug should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

For women who are breastfeeding: Allopurinol passes into breast milk and may cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. Talk with your doctor if you breastfeed your child. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication.

For seniors: The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

For children: This medication hasn’t been studied and shouldn’t be used in people younger than 18 years for the treatment of gout or kidney stones.

This dosage information is for allopurinol oral tablet. All possible dosages and drug forms may not be included here. Your dosage, drug form, and how often you take the drug will depend on:

• your age
• the condition being treated
• how severe your condition is
• other medical conditions you have
• how you react to the first dose

Forms and strengths

Generic: Allopurinol

• Form: oral tablet
• Strengths: 100 mg, 300 mg

Brand: Zyloprim

• Form: oral tablet
• Strengths: 100 mg, 300 mg

Brand: Lopurin

• Form: oral tablet
• Strengths: 100 mg, 300 mg

Dosage for gout

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

• Typical starting dose: 100 mg per day
• Dose adjustments: Your doctor may increase your dose by 100 mg per week until you’ve reached the desired level of serum uric acid.
• Usual dose:
  • Mild gout: 200–300 mg per day
  • Moderate to severe gout: 400–600 mg per day
• Maximum dose: 800 mg per day taken in divided doses

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied and shouldn’t be used in people younger than 18 years for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special considerations

• For people with kidney disease: Depending on how well your kidneys are working, your doctor will lower your dosage. Your doctor will decide your dosage based on your creatinine clearance. This is a measure of your kidney function.

Dosage for elevated serum uric acid levels due to cancer treatments

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

600–800 mg per day for 2 or 3 days.

Child dosage (ages 11–17 years)

600–800 mg per day for 2 or 3 days

Child dosage (ages 6–10 years)

300 mg per day. Your doctor will adjust your dose as needed based on your serum uric acid level.

Child dosage (ages 0–5 years)

150 mg per day. Your doctor will adjust your child’s dose as needed based on your serum uric acid level.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special considerations

• For people with kidney disease: Depending on how well your kidneys are working, your doctor will lower your dose. Your doctor will decide your dosage based on your creatinine clearance. This is a test that measures your kidney function.

Dosage for recurrent kidney stones

Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)

Typical dosage is 200–300 mg per day taken in a single or divided doses.

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

This medication hasn’t been studied and shouldn’t be used in people younger than 18 years for this condition.

Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

Your doctor may start you on a lowered dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

Special considerations

• For people with kidney disease: Depending on how well your kidneys are working, your doctor will lower your dose. Your doctor will decide your dosage based on your creatinine clearance. This is a test that measures your kidney function.

Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always to speak with your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.

Allopurinol oral tablet is used for long-term treatment. It comes with serious risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.

If you stop taking the drug suddenly or don’t take it at all: The uric acid levels in your blood or urine will stay high. If you have gout or kidney stones, you’ll still have symptoms of your condition.

If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.

If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms can include:

• skin rash
• diarrhea
• nausea
• changes in your liver function test results
• gout flare-up (if you have gout)

If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or local poison control center. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.

What to do if you miss a dose: Take your dose as soon as you remember. But if you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: Your doctor will test your uric acid levels to check if this drug is working. Your blood uric acid levels will decrease about 1–3 weeks after you start taking this drug. Your doctor will also ask you about how much fluids you drink and how much fluids you urinate.

Right after you start taking this drug, you may have gout flares. Over time, your symptoms of gout may start to go away.

Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes allopurinol oral tablet for you.

General

• Take this drug at the time(s) recommended by your doctor.
• You can take allopurinol with or without food.
• Taking this drug after a meal and with lots of water may reduce your chance of upset stomach.
• You can cut or crush the allopurinol tablet.
• Not every pharmacy stocks this drug. When filling your prescription, be sure to call ahead to make sure your pharmacy carries it.

Storage

• Store allopurinol at room temperature. Keep it between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
• Keep it away from light.
• Don’t store this medication in moist or damp areas, such as bathrooms.

Refills

A prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.

Travel

When traveling with your medication:

• Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
• Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They can’t hurt your medication.
• You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled box with you.
• Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.

Clinical monitoring

You and your doctor should monitor certain health issues. This can help make sure you stay safe while you take this drug. These issues include:

• Kidney function. Your doctor may do blood tests to check how well your kidneys are working. If your kidneys aren’t working well, your doctor may lower your dose of this drug.
• Liver function. Your doctor may do blood tests to check how well your liver is working. If your liver isn’t working well, your doctor may lower your dose of this drug.
• Uric acid levels. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your uric acid. This will help your doctor tell how well this drug is working.

Your diet

If you have repeat kidney stones, your doctor may tell you to eat a special diet. This diet will be low in animal protein (meat), sodium, sugar, and oxalate-rich foods (such as, spinach, beets, celery, and green beans).

Your diet should also be high in fiber, and you should drink plenty of water. You may also need to watch your calcium intake.

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk with your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.

Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

Benefits and harms, side effects, dosage

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS. A SPECIALIST’S CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED. Inflammation of the jointsGout

The author of the article

Dolgikh Natalia Vadimovna,

Diploma of pharmaceutical education: 105924 3510859 reg. number 31944

All authors

Contents of the article

• Allopurinol: composition
• Allopurinol: what it is prescribed for
• Allopurinol: in exacerbation of gout
• Allopurinol: contraindications
• Allopurinol: side effects
• Febuxostat or Allopurinol: which is better
• Gout or Allopurinol: which is better
• Allopurinol or Adenuric: which is better
• Summary
• Ask an expert about the topic of the article

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are more than 150 types of health disorders that affect the musculoskeletal system. Perhaps one of the most painful is gout, known since the Middle Ages. It is also called the “disease of kings”, since in the past only rich people could afford meat, legumes and confectionery, wine, beer and other products that accelerate and provoke the deposition of salts in tissues and joints.

The pharmacist will tell you about the Allopurinol preparation: introduce you to its composition, indications for use, contraindications and side reactions, and also compare it with analogues.

Allopurinol: composition

Allopurinol is a domestic drug with the same active substance. The drug is available in the form of tablets of two dosages: 100 and 300 mg.

It is impossible to deduce a single composition of auxiliary agents, since Allopurinol is produced by several companies. The only important thing to note is that some manufacturers add sucrose or white sugar to shape the tablets, so people with diabetes need to be careful.

All products Allopurinol 16 reviews

Allopurinol: what is prescribed for

Allopurinol belongs to the group of anti-gout agents. Answering briefly the question: what is Allopurinol from, we can say: from hyperuricemia – an increased content of uric acid salts in the blood. For a detailed answer, you need to refer to the instructions for the drug. According to the register of medicines (RLS), Allopurinol is used for:

• Elevated uric acid in the blood, in cases where the diet is ineffective. Including gout, urate nephropathy, urolithiasis.
• Presence of kidney stones to dissolve them and prevent their formation
• The occurrence of mixed crystals of calcium oxalate with an increase in uric acid in the blood
• Other diseases accompanied by accumulation of uric acid: acute leukemia, lymphosarcoma
• Congenital enzyme deficiency and hereditary disorders of purine metabolism in children

Allopurinol: course and duration of treatment

The dosage of Allopurinol and the duration of administration is determined by the doctor based on the level of uric acid in the blood and the severity of the symptoms. As a rule, therapy begins with 100 mg of the drug in order to avoid possible reactions from the gastrointestinal tract. If necessary, the dose is increased to 300 mg. For children, the drug is rarely used, with the exception of oncology.

Allopurinol: for gout flare-ups

Gout is a metabolic disorder in which uric acid accumulates and forms deposits (urates) in the joints and kidneys. Taking the drug Allopurinol for gout allows you to:

• Reduce the concentration of uric acid in urine and blood
• Prevent crystal deposits in tissues
• Start decomposition of already formed urates

It is important to note that this drug should not be used in an acute attack of gout, because the dissolution of urate occurs with the release of uric acid into the tissue, which may exacerbate existing symptoms.

How to take Allopurinol for gout is up to the specialist. As mentioned above, for this it is important to determine the level of uric acid in the blood and adjust the dose depending on the reaction of the body.

Allopurinol: contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug components
• Renal and liver failure
• Excessive accumulation of iron in tissues
• Asymptomatic increase in blood urate
• Acute attack of gout
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding period
• Children under 3 years

Allopurinol side effects

Patients are often interested in the benefits and harms of Allopurinol. A positive effect can be tracked by examining a blood test. The harm of the drug lies in the possible occurrence of unwanted reactions of the body. Common side effects of Allopurinol:

• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loose stool
• Increased activity of liver enzymes
• Abdominal pain
• Skin rash

Febuxostat or Allopurinol: which is better

Febuxostat is a Russian anti-gout drug with the same active ingredient name. The drug is available in tablets and demonstrates similar efficacy with Allopurinol. However, here are a few differences:

• Febuxostat is for adult use only
• Febuxostat is indicated for the treatment of chronic elevation of uric acid in the presence of tophus and gouty arthritis, even if there is a history of it
• The instructions for Febuxostat describe a significantly higher number of adverse reactions. For example, often the drug causes liver dysfunction and swelling.

Despite the fact that the drugs belong to the same group, each has individual characteristics. The doctor should select the medicine and adjust the doses.

Gout or Allopurinol: which is better

Gout is an antigout drug based on the already known Febuxostat, only in capsules. The situation is similar to the previous one: drugs have features that should be taken into account when prescribing. Therefore, the decision to use Podagrel or Allopurinol is made by the doctor.

Allopurinol or Adenuric: which is better

Adenuric is another drug whose active ingredient is Febuxostat. In this case, the manufacturer is Germany, and the drug is produced in tablets. The conclusion will be the same: it is impossible to unambiguously choose the best drug, and to prescribe therapy, you should consult a doctor.

All products Adenuric 6 reviews

Summary

• Allopurinol is a domestic anti-gout drug with the same active ingredient.
• Allopurinol belongs to the group of anti-gout agents.
• Gout is a metabolic disorder in which uric acid accumulates and forms deposits (urates) in the joints and kidneys.
• The positive effect of Allopurinol can be monitored by examining a blood test.
• Febuxostat is a Russian anti-gout drug with an identical active ingredient name.
• Gout is an anti-gout drug based on the already known Febuxostat, only in capsules.
• Adenuric is another drug whose active ingredient is Febuxostat.

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What Allopurinol is and what it is used for

Allopurinol is the active ingredient in Allopurinol. Allopurinol slows down the rate of certain chemical reactions in the human body, resulting in lower levels of uric acid in the blood and urine.

Allopurinol is prescribed to reduce or prevent the deposition of uric acid and its salts (urates) in conditions where the body produces too much uric acid. These include gout, certain types of urolithiasis and kidney dysfunction, cancer treatment, and some other conditions. With gout, uric acid accumulates in the joints and in the muscle ligaments in the form of salt crystals. These crystals lead to the development of inflammatory reactions. Inflammatory reactions contribute to the development of edema of the periarticular tissue, excessive sensitivity and pain with a light touch. When moving in the joints, severe pain may begin.

What you need to know before you use Allopurinol

Do not take Allopurinol,

• If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to allopurinol or any of the other ingredients of this medicine.

If you have any doubts, you should consult your doctor or pharmacist before using allopurinol.

Warnings and precautions

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using allopurinol,

• if you are Han Chinese, African or Indian.
• if you have kidney or liver failure. If necessary, your doctor will reduce the dose or frequency of allopurinol you take. More careful monitoring of your condition will be required.
• if you have heart problems or high blood pressure and are taking diuretics and/or ACE inhibitors.
• if you have attacks of gout
• if you have a thyroid disorder.

Special care must be taken when using allopurinol:

• as some patients have experienced severe skin reactions (hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) when treated with allopurinol. Usually, skin reactions lead to ulcers in the mouth, throat, nose, genitals and the development of conjunctivitis (red and swollen eyes). Very often, severe skin reactions are preceded by flu-like symptoms, fever, headache, and muscle pain. The rash may progress, spreading throughout the body with the appearance of large blisters and accompanied by detachment of the epidermis. These severe skin reactions are more common among Han Chinese or Thais.

If you develop a rash or other skin reaction, stop taking allopurinol and call your doctor right away.

• if you have cancer or Lösch-Niechen syndrome, the concentration of uric acid in your urine increases. To prevent it, it is necessary to take liquid in the amount necessary to dilute the urine.
• in the case of kidney stones, it is necessary to crush them into smaller pieces so that they can easily pass through the ureter.

Children

In children, the use of allopurinol is limited, except for certain types of cancers (particularly leukemia) and certain enzymatic disorders such as Lö’s syndrome sha – Nihena.

Drug interactions

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking the following medicines:

• Aspirin,
• Theophylline, used to treat breathing problems,
• Phenytoin, used to treat epilepsy,
• Vidarabine, used to treat herpes or chickenpox,
• Antibiotics (ampicillin or amoxicillin),
• Didanosine, used to treat HIV infection,
• Drugs used to treat cancer,
• Immunosuppressive drugs (immunosuppressants),
• Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,
• Medicines used to treat heart problems or high blood pressure, such as ACE inhibitors or diuretics,
• Blood thinners (anticoagulants) such as warfarin,
• Other medicines used to treat gout.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including OTC and herbal remedies. Allopurinol may interfere with the effects of certain drugs. Some drugs can also interfere with the effects of allopurinol.

Pregnancy and lactation

Talk to your doctor before using allopurinol if you are pregnant, think you might be pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms

If you feel drowsiness, dizziness or incoordination, do not drive vehicles or other mechanisms.

How to take Allopurinol

Allopurinol should be taken exactly as directed by your doctor. If you have any doubts, you should consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Allopurinol should be taken after meals with 1 glass of water.

The recommended daily dose is 100-900 mg. Start treatment with allopurinol, usually at a low dose, gradually increasing to the optimal maintenance dose that meets the needs of the patient.

If you are an elderly patient or have liver or kidney failure, your doctor may prescribe a lower dose or increase the interval between allopurinol doses. If you are on dialysis 2-3 times a week, your doctor may prescribe a dose of 300-400 mg to be taken immediately after the dialysis session.

Children under 15:

The daily maintenance dose is usually 100-400 mg.

If you have taken more Allopurinol than recommended

If you have taken more Allopurinol than recommended, call your doctor or go to your nearest hospital. Take the medicine package with you. Overdose symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dizziness.

If you forget to take Allopurinol

If you forget to take your next dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is time for your next allopurinol dose, skip the missed dose.

Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

If you stop taking Allopurinol

You should talk to your doctor before stopping allopurinol.

If you have any further questions about taking this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Possible side effects

Like all medicines, allopurinol can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. These symptoms include:

Hypersensitivity

Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people)

If you experience an allergic reaction, stop taking allopurinol immediately and contact your doctor or the nearest hospital.

These symptoms include:

• exfoliative dermatitis, furunculosis and stomatitis
• very rare symptoms such as sudden wheezing, chest anxiety and tightness, and collapse

Rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 1000 people)

• fever, chills, headache, muscle aches (flu-like symptoms) and general malaise.
• severe allergic reactions, including fever, skin rash, joint pain, abnormal blood and liver tests, which are signs of multiple organ dysfunction.
• Bleeding from lips, eyes, mouth, nose and genitals.
• Any skin changes such as mouth, throat, nose, genital sores, conjunctivitis (red and swollen eyes), blistering and desquamation of the epidermis throughout the body.

Do not take more allopurinol than prescribed by your doctor.

Other possible side effects

Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people)

• skin rash 9 0014

Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people)

• nausea and vomiting
• violation of liver tests

Rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 1000 people)

• liver problems such as inflammation of the liver

Very rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

• disorders of the hematopoietic system, which may lead to bruising from minor exposures or sore throat or other symptoms of infection. These symptoms often appear in patients with impaired liver or kidney function. In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor.
• lymph node involvement
• high temperature
• presence of blood in the urine (hematuria)
• elevated blood cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
• feeling generally unwell or feeling weak
• weakness, numbness, unsteadiness when standing, feeling unable to make voluntary muscle movements (paralysis) or loss of consciousness
• headache, dizziness, drowsiness or blurred vision
• chest pain (angina pectoris), high blood pressure or weak pulse
• male infertility or erectile dysfunction
• breast enlargement in both men and women
• bowel dysfunction
• taste disorders
• cataract
• hair loss or discoloration
• depression
• disorders of voluntary coordination of muscular movements (ataxia)
• tingling, tickling and burning sensation (paresthesia)
• swelling of the lower extremities, especially in the ankles.
• impaired glucose tolerance. If this occurs, your doctor will need to have your blood glucose checked periodically.

If you experience any serious side effects or side effects not listed in this package leaflet, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Reporting side effects

If you notice any side effects, tell your doctor, pharmacist or pharmacist, including any side effects not listed in this package insert. You can also report side effects to Arpimed LLC by going to the website www.arpimed.com and filling out the appropriate form “Report a side effect or ineffectiveness of a drug” and to the Scientific Center for Expertise of Drugs and Medical Technologies named after. Academician E.Gabrielyan, by going to the website www.pharm.am in the section “Report a side effect of a drug” and fill out the form “Map of reporting a side effect of a drug”. Scientific center hotline: +37410237665; +37498773368

How to store Allopurinol

• Keep out of the reach of children, protected from moisture and light at a temperature of 15 ⁰ C-25 ⁰ C.