What are the common uses of disodium phosphate in food and cosmetics. How does disodium phosphate affect food preservation and flavor enhancement. Is disodium phosphate safe for consumption and topical use. What are the potential health risks associated with excessive disodium phosphate intake.

What is Disodium Phosphate and How is it Produced?

Disodium phosphate is an artificial salt compound created by combining sodium and phosphorus elements in laboratory settings. This chemical additive is widely used in various industries, primarily in food processing and cosmetics manufacturing. But what exactly is the process behind its creation?

The production of disodium phosphate involves breaking down naturally occurring phosphate rock and combining it with sulfuric acid and other substances. This process results in a white, grainy powder that serves multiple purposes in different products. While some foods naturally contain similar phosphates, processed foods often have significantly higher levels of disodium phosphate as an additive.

Key Characteristics of Disodium Phosphate

• Appearance: White, grainy powder
• Chemical composition: Combination of sodium and phosphorus
• Origin: Artificially created in laboratories
• Category: Belongs to the larger group of sodium phosphates

The Versatile Uses of Disodium Phosphate in Food Industry

Disodium phosphate plays a crucial role in the food industry, serving multiple purposes that enhance the quality, shelf life, and flavor of various products. But what makes this additive so valuable to food manufacturers?

One of the primary functions of disodium phosphate is its role as an emulsifier. This property allows it to bind fats and water together, creating stable mixtures in foods where these components would normally separate. This is particularly important in dairy products, where disodium phosphate helps maintain the desired texture and consistency.

Key Functions of Disodium Phosphate in Food

1. Emulsifier: Binds fats and water, crucial for dairy product textures
2. Preservative: Extends shelf life of foods
3. Flavor enhancer: Improves taste, especially in savory foods
4. pH control: Maintains optimal acidity levels in foods
5. Anti-caking agent: Prevents clumping in powdered products

Beyond its emulsifying properties, disodium phosphate serves as an effective preservative. Both sodium and phosphorus components contribute to extending the shelf life of foods. This preservative function is particularly useful in canned foods, where disodium phosphate also helps prevent metal containers from rusting.

Another significant use of disodium phosphate in the food industry is as a flavor enhancer. Many processed foods contain sodium-based additives to improve their taste, making them more appealing to consumers. Disodium phosphate contributes to this flavor enhancement, particularly in savory products.

Common Foods Containing Disodium Phosphate

• Dairy products: Whipped cream, cheese, ice cream, milk, yogurt
• Meat and seafood products
• Pasta and noodles
• Carbonated beverages
• Gelatin powders

Disodium Phosphate in Cosmetics: Enhancing Product Quality and Stability

The cosmetics industry also benefits from the unique properties of disodium phosphate. This versatile compound finds its way into various personal care products, contributing to their effectiveness and stability. But how exactly does disodium phosphate improve cosmetic formulations?

One of the primary functions of disodium phosphate in cosmetics is pH control. Our skin has a slightly acidic pH level, and cosmetic products that are too basic or acidic can cause irritation, excessive dryness, or oiliness. Disodium phosphate helps maintain the pH of cosmetic products closer to the skin’s natural level, reducing the risk of adverse reactions.

Functions of Disodium Phosphate in Cosmetics

• pH control: Maintains optimal acidity levels for skin compatibility
• Rust prevention: Protects metal packaging from corrosion
• Emulsifier: Helps create stable mixtures in creams and lotions
• Buffering agent: Stabilizes product formulations

Additionally, disodium phosphate serves as a protective agent in cosmetic packaging. It helps prevent metal containers from rusting, ensuring that the product remains uncontaminated and maintains its quality throughout its shelf life.

Common Cosmetic Products Containing Disodium Phosphate

• Mouthwash
• Foundation and other makeup products
• Hair dyes and bleaches
• Skincare creams and lotions
• Sunscreen formulations

Safety Considerations: Is Disodium Phosphate Safe for Regular Use?

Given its widespread use in food and cosmetic products, it’s natural to question the safety of disodium phosphate. Is this additive safe for regular consumption and topical application?

In most products, disodium phosphate is considered safe when used in appropriate amounts. The compound doesn’t accumulate to toxic levels in the body over time, and its levels are typically low in products that contain it. Moreover, disodium phosphate plays a crucial role in protecting against contamination and decay in both food and cosmetic products, contributing to overall product safety.

However, individuals with certain health conditions may need to exercise caution regarding their disodium phosphate intake. These conditions include:

• Kidney disease
• Heart disease
• Edema
• Digestive problems

If you have any of these health conditions, it’s advisable to consult with your healthcare provider about your disodium phosphate intake. They can provide personalized advice on whether you need to make any dietary or lifestyle changes.

Potential Health Risks Associated with Excessive Disodium Phosphate Intake

While disodium phosphate is generally safe in normal amounts, excessive intake may pose certain health risks. Understanding these potential risks can help individuals make informed decisions about their consumption of products containing this additive.

Kidney-Related Concerns

For individuals with kidney disease, excessive phosphorus intake can be problematic. Why? The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering out unnecessary chemicals and toxins from the body, including phosphorus. When kidney function is compromised, the body may struggle to eliminate excess phosphorus effectively.

Accumulation of phosphorus in the body can lead to several health issues:

• Bone weakening
• Calcium deposits in various parts of the body
• Increased risk of heart disease
• Joint pain
• Vein problems

Cardiovascular Considerations

While disodium phosphate doesn’t directly cause heart disease, there’s a potential link between high phosphate intake and cardiovascular issues, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. It’s important to note that this association is often related to the overall dietary pattern rather than disodium phosphate alone.

Foods high in disodium phosphate are often processed foods with higher calorie content. Regular consumption of these foods can contribute to obesity and related heart problems. Therefore, maintaining a balanced diet and moderating intake of processed foods is crucial for heart health.

Edema and Fluid Retention

For individuals prone to edema (excessive swelling in different parts of the body), high intake of disodium phosphate and similar chemicals may exacerbate the condition. Edema can be a symptom of various medical conditions, including heart disease and cirrhosis.

Digestive Issues

Excessive consumption of disodium phosphate, especially from laxatives, can irritate the bowels and lead to various digestive problems. These may include:

• Stomach discomfort
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Headaches

Guidelines for Safe Consumption of Disodium Phosphate

Given the potential risks associated with excessive disodium phosphate intake, it’s important to follow certain guidelines to ensure safe consumption. But what are these guidelines, and how can one effectively monitor their disodium phosphate intake?

Unfortunately, most products containing disodium phosphate don’t label the specific amount of this additive. This lack of labeling can make it challenging for consumers to track their intake accurately. However, health experts suggest limiting disodium phosphate intake to no more than 3 grams per day, especially if you’re taking medication that contains this compound.

Tips for Monitoring Disodium Phosphate Intake

• Read product labels carefully, looking for disodium phosphate in the ingredient list
• Limit consumption of highly processed foods, which often contain higher levels of phosphate additives
• Choose fresh, whole foods over processed alternatives when possible
• If taking medications containing disodium phosphate, consult with your healthcare provider about safe dosage levels
• Be aware of personal health conditions that may require stricter limitations on phosphate intake

It’s important to note that while these guidelines can help, individual needs may vary. Consulting with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian can provide personalized advice based on your specific health status and dietary needs.

Alternatives to Disodium Phosphate in Food and Cosmetics

For those looking to reduce their intake of disodium phosphate or seeking alternative options, there are several substitutes available in both food and cosmetic industries. But what are these alternatives, and how do they compare to disodium phosphate in terms of functionality and safety?

Food Alternatives

In the food industry, several natural and artificial alternatives can serve similar functions to disodium phosphate:

• Lecithin: A natural emulsifier found in egg yolks and soybeans
• Carrageenan: A seaweed extract used as a thickener and emulsifier
• Guar gum: A natural thickener and stabilizer derived from guar beans
• Mono and diglycerides: Emulsifiers derived from vegetable oils
• Citric acid: A natural preservative and pH regulator

These alternatives can provide similar functionalities to disodium phosphate in terms of emulsification, preservation, and texture enhancement. However, it’s important to note that each alternative may have its own set of considerations and potential effects on product quality and shelf life.

Cosmetic Alternatives

In cosmetics, several ingredients can serve as alternatives to disodium phosphate:

• Sodium citrate: A pH adjuster and buffering agent
• Potassium sorbate: A preservative that can help maintain product stability
• Xanthan gum: A thickener and stabilizer derived from fermented sugar
• Aloe vera: A natural ingredient with soothing and pH-balancing properties
• Glycerin: A humectant that can help stabilize formulations

These alternatives can provide similar benefits in terms of pH control, product stability, and texture enhancement. However, as with food alternatives, the effectiveness and suitability of these substitutes may vary depending on the specific product formulation and desired characteristics.

Considerations When Choosing Alternatives

When considering alternatives to disodium phosphate, it’s important to keep in mind:

• Functionality: Does the alternative provide the same benefits in terms of emulsification, preservation, or pH control?
• Safety profile: Are there any known side effects or allergen concerns with the alternative?
• Cost and availability: Is the alternative readily available and cost-effective for manufacturers?
• Consumer acceptance: Will the use of alternatives impact product taste, texture, or appearance in a way that affects consumer satisfaction?
• Regulatory compliance: Do the alternatives meet food safety and cosmetic regulations in different markets?

As the food and cosmetic industries continue to evolve, research into safe and effective alternatives to additives like disodium phosphate remains ongoing. Consumers interested in reducing their intake of phosphate additives can look for products labeled as “phosphate-free” or those using natural alternatives.

Disodium Phosphate: Uses, Benefits, and Risks

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

In this Article

• Disodium Phosphate in Food
• Disodium Phosphate in Cosmetics
• Is Disodium Phosphate Safe?
• Health Risks of Disodium Phosphate

Disodium phosphate is a chemical added to foods, cosmetics, and other products. It’s useful as a preservative and a flavor enhancer, among other things.

This artificial type of salt is made from the elements sodium and phosphorus. Chemists create it in a lab. They break down naturally-occurring phosphate rock and combine it with sulfuric acid and other substances.

Some foods like legumes and wheat products naturally have similar phosphates. Processed foods usually have much higher levels of disodium phosphate as an additive.

Disodium phosphate falls into the larger category of sodium phosphates that are used in consumer products. It looks like a white, grainy powder.

It’s very common in processed and packaged foods. Some of the purposes it serves in the manufacturing process are:

Emulsifier. This is a chemical that helps to bind fats and water together. Fats don’t mix with many other liquids without help. (Think about oil and vinegar.) Emulsifiers have a chemical structure that helps them mix.

Disodium phosphate is a helpful emulsifier for dairy products and other foods. Cheese, whipped cream, milk, and other dairy products have unique textures and consistencies because of disodium phosphate.

Preservative. Both sodium and phosphorus can help extend foods’ shelf life. Some of the first instances of preserving and curing food used salt.

Disodium phosphate is also helpful in canning food since it prevents metal from rusting.

Flavor enhancer. Processed foods often have additives that strengthen their flavor and make them more savory. Many foods have sodium-containing additives to enhance their flavor.

pH control. A food’s pH level (or level of acidity) can affect its nutritional value, color, and other characteristics. Canning or using jars can alter foods’ pH levels. Disodium phosphate can help control a food’s pH level throughout the production process.

Some common foods that have disodium phosphate are:

• Whipped cream
• Cheese
• Ice cream
• Milk
• Yogurt
• Seafood
• Meat
• Pasta
• Soda
• Gelatin powder

Disodium phosphate is used in some makeups, skin creams, and shampoos. It can help with things like:

pH control. Your skin has a slightly acidic pH level. If the cosmetics you use are too basic or too acidic, they can irritate your skin. They might cause excessive dryness or oiliness. Disodium phosphate can help keep cosmetics’ pH closer to your skin’s natural level.‌

Prevents packaging from rust. Disodium phosphate can prevent the metal in packaging from rusting. This is helpful for food and cosmetic products.

Disodium phosphate is common in many cosmetics:

• Mouthwash
• Foundation
• Hair dye and bleach
• Skincare creams
• Sunscreen

Other products and processes containing disodium phosphate include:

• Laxatives
• Fireproofing material
• Water treatment
• Various medications

In most products, disodium phosphate is safe. It doesn’t build up over time to toxic levels in your body. Disodium phosphate levels are usually low in any product that has it. It also helps protect against contamination and the decay of food and cosmetics.

You can talk to your doctor if you have one of these ongoing health conditions and you’re concerned you’re getting too much disodium phosphate. They can tell you if you need to make any changes.‌

Kidney disease. Your kidneys filter out unnecessary chemicals and toxins from your body. These chemicals include phosphorus.

Health problems like kidney disease can affect how well they get rid of phosphorus. Too much phosphorus in your body can lead to bone weakening. It can also cause calcium deposits that can contribute to heart disease, joint pain, vein problems, and other issues.‌

Heart disease. Disodium phosphate can link to heart disease in some cases. People with kidney disease tend to be at higher risk. Disodium phosphate doesn’t cause heart disease. It’s usually at its highest levels in processed foods with higher calories. These foods can lead to obesity and related heart problems.‌

Edema. Heart disease, cirrhosis, and other medical conditions can cause edema. This is excessive swelling in different parts of your body. Disodium phosphate and similar chemicals can worsen edema.

Digestive problems. Too much disodium phosphate, especially in laxatives, can irritate your bowels. This can cause stomach discomfort, constipation, diarrhea, head pain, and other issues. ‌

Most products with disodium phosphate don’t label the amount. Try not to get more than 3 grams of the chemical per day if you’re taking medication that contains it.

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Is Disodium Phosphate Bad for You?

Is Disodium Phosphate Bad for You?

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Medically reviewed by Alan Carter, Pharm. D. — By Anna Schaefer — Updated on June 22, 2017

It could be in your food, but it’s under a name you probably don’t recognize. Is disodium phosphate dangerous?

Disodium phosphate is a food additive. It’s “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Phosphates like disodium phosphate are derived from the element phosphorus. They’re used to enhance food characteristics like nutritional value and cooking performance. Disodium phosphate is used in packaged foods, including macaroni and pastas. It’s also used in some cheeses as an emulsifier. You can also find it in meat products, canned sauces, Jell-O, evaporated milk, and some chocolate.

Originally derived from animal bones and urine, phosphorus is now extracted from phosphate rock. It’s purified and put through chemical reactions.

When it comes to food additives, it’s completely normal to wonder about safety. The FDA’s stance isn’t completely reassuring for some people.

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) says there is a “fair” amount of data available on this phosphate. The EWG says that the additive can be considered safe. It’s not considered to be an environmental toxin or potentially harmful to humans. Disodium phosphate is not bioaccumulative (where it accumulates within your body over time). It’s also classified as a “low human health priority” under Canadian law.

In 2012, a study was published declaring phosphates in general to be hazardous. The researchers suggested that all foods containing phosphates should be labeled as dangerous to public health. According to their research, accumulating phosphates in the body can cause organ calcification in people with renal failure, and even in people without kidney problems.

But the International Food Additives Council states that inorganic phosphates have a long history of safe use in food and that additional studies have proven their safety. That being said, foods containing disodium phosphate are often packaged and heavily processed, so they’re not the healthiest choices to begin with.

If you’re leery of disodium phosphate despite assurances of its safety, you can simply keep it out of your diet. However, identifying it may be difficult.

In most cases, all you need to do is check the ingredients list on food packaging to tell if an item contains disodium phosphate or not. However, phosphates are also used in the meat industry to prevent spoilage, and meat packages don’t typically mention this.

Avoiding packaged and processed foods is one way around disodium phosphate. This will benefit your overall health as well. Purchasing locally produced meats is another way to avoid disodium phosphate.

Last medically reviewed on June 20, 2017

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Code of federal regulations title 21. (2016).
  accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=582.6290&SearchTerm=disodium%20phosphate
• Disodium phosphate. (n.d.).
  ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/702161/DISODIUM_PHOSPHATE/
• Gray N. (2012) Phosphate in food is ‘health risk’ that should be labeled, claim researchers.
  foodnavigator.com/Science/Phosphate-in-food-is-health-risk-that-should-be-labelled-claim-researchers
• IFAC statement on the safety of phosphates. (2015).
  foodingredientfacts.org/phosphate-safety/
• Ritz E, et. al. (2012). Phosphate additives in food — a health risk
  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278747/

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Medically reviewed by Alan Carter, Pharm.D. — By Anna Schaefer — Updated on June 22, 2017

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ICSC 1178 – SODIUM PHOSPHATE (ANHYDROUS)

ICSC 1178 – SODIUM PHOSPHATE (ANHYDROUS)

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	SPECIAL HAZARDS	PREVENTIVE MEASURES	FIRE EXTINGUISHING
FIRE AND EXPLOSION	Not combustible. In a fire, releases irritating or toxic fumes (or gases).		In case of fire in work area, use appropriate extinguishing media.

PREVENT DUST! AVOID ANY CONTACT! IN ALL CASES, CONSULT A DOCTOR!
	SYMPTOMS	PREVENTIVE MEASURES	FIRST AID
Inhalation	Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensations. Confused breath.	Use local exhaust or respiratory protection.	Fresh air, peace. Semi-sitting position. Seek immediate medical attention.
Leather	Skin burns. Pain.	Protective clothing.	Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with plenty of water or take a shower for at least 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention.
Eyes	Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.	Use face mask or eye protection in combination with respiratory protection.	Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if possible without difficulty). Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion	Cough. A sore throat. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or severe weakness.	Do not eat, drink or smoke while working. Wash hands before eating.	Rinse your mouth. DO NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Rest. Seek medical attention.

LEAK DISPOSAL	CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into closed containers. Carefully collect the rest. Then store and dispose of in accordance with local regulations.	According to UN GHS criteria DANGER Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Shipping UN UN hazard class: 8; UN Packing Group: III
STORAGE
Separated from strong acids. Keep dry. Good to close.
PACKAGING

(en)	Neither the ILO nor the WHO nor the European Union can be held responsible for the quality and accuracy of the translation or for the possible use of this information. © Russian version, 2018

Sodium adenosine triphosphate instructions for use: indications, contraindications, side effects – description Adenosintriphosphate sodium solution for injection 10 mg/1 ml: amp. 10 pieces. (24238)