What are the common side effects of the hepatitis A vaccine in toddlers. How safe is the hepatitis A vaccine for young children. Why is hepatitis A vaccination crucial for toddlers. What should parents know about the hepatitis A vaccine schedule for children.

Understanding Hepatitis A and Its Impact on Children

Hepatitis A is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). While it can affect people of all ages, its impact on children, particularly toddlers, is often underestimated. Why is this the case? Children under 6 years old frequently show no symptoms, yet they can unknowingly spread the virus to others, including their unvaccinated parents or caregivers who may become severely ill.

What are the typical symptoms of hepatitis A in older children and adults? The symptoms usually appear 2 to 6 weeks after exposure and may include:

• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Tiredness
• Stomach pain
• Vomiting
• Dark urine
• Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice)

How serious can hepatitis A be? In older children, adolescents, and adults, symptoms can persist for up to 6 months. There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A, which underscores the importance of prevention through vaccination.

The Hepatitis A Vaccine: A Safe Shield for Toddlers

Is the hepatitis A vaccine safe for toddlers? The answer is a resounding yes. The hepatitis A vaccine is not only safe but highly effective in preventing the disease. Like any medical intervention, it can have side effects, but these are typically mild and short-lived.

What are the most common side effects of the hepatitis A vaccine in toddlers? Parents should be aware of the following potential reactions:

• Soreness at the injection site
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Mild fever
• Temporary loss of appetite

These side effects usually last for only 1 to 2 days and resolve on their own without requiring any specific treatment. The benefits of protection against hepatitis A far outweigh these temporary discomforts.

Vaccination Schedule and Administration for Young Children

When should toddlers receive the hepatitis A vaccine? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Academy of Family Physicians, and American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommend that children receive the hepatitis A vaccine according to the established schedule. Typically, children are vaccinated between their first and second birthdays (12 through 23 months of age).

How many doses of the hepatitis A vaccine are required for full protection? The vaccine is administered in two doses, given at least 6 months apart. This two-dose series provides long-lasting protection against the hepatitis A virus.

Special Considerations for Older Children and Adults

Can older children and adults receive the hepatitis A vaccine if they haven’t been vaccinated before? Yes, the vaccine can be administered to older children after 23 months of age. Adults who have not been previously vaccinated and wish to protect themselves against hepatitis A can also receive the vaccine.

The Spread of Hepatitis A: Understanding Transmission Risks

How does hepatitis A spread, and why is this knowledge crucial for parents? The hepatitis A virus is found in the stool of infected individuals. It spreads when a person ingests even microscopic amounts of contaminated material. This can occur through:

• Close personal contact with an infected person
• Eating food or drinking water contaminated with the virus
• Touching contaminated objects and then touching one’s mouth

Why is proper hand hygiene so important in preventing hepatitis A transmission? The virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, making thorough handwashing critical, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food.

The Impact of Hepatitis A Vaccination on Public Health

How has the introduction of the hepatitis A vaccine affected the prevalence of the disease in the United States? The impact has been significant. In the 1980s, the U.S. reported as many as 30,000 cases annually. Thanks to widespread vaccination efforts, the number of hepatitis A cases has dropped by an impressive 95%.

What does this dramatic reduction in cases mean for public health? It demonstrates the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing the spread of hepatitis A and highlights the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates to protect communities.

Preparing Your Child for the Hepatitis A Vaccine

How can parents prepare their toddlers for the hepatitis A vaccine? Here are some helpful tips:

1. Research the vaccine and its benefits to feel confident in your decision
2. Discuss the vaccination process with your child in age-appropriate terms
3. Bring a favorite toy or comfort item to the appointment
4. Stay calm and positive, as children often pick up on parental anxiety

What can parents do to comfort their child during the vaccination? Holding your child on your lap, speaking softly, and providing distractions can help ease any anxiety or discomfort during the shot.

Post-Vaccination Care

How should parents care for their child after receiving the hepatitis A vaccine? Here are some post-vaccination care tips:

• Apply a cool, damp cloth to the injection site to reduce soreness
• Offer plenty of fluids to stay hydrated
• Monitor for any unusual symptoms and contact your healthcare provider if concerned
• Maintain your child’s regular sleep schedule to aid recovery

Special Populations and Hepatitis A Vaccination

Are there specific groups who should prioritize getting the hepatitis A vaccine? Yes, certain populations are at higher risk and should consider vaccination, including:

• Travelers to countries where hepatitis A is common
• Men who have sex with other men
• Users of illegal drugs
• Individuals with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C
• People being treated with clotting-factor concentrates
• Those who work with hepatitis A-infected animals or in hepatitis A research laboratories

Why is vaccination particularly important for these groups? These populations have an increased risk of exposure to the hepatitis A virus or may experience more severe complications if infected.

Long-Term Protection and Booster Shots

How long does the protection from the hepatitis A vaccine last? The two-dose series of the hepatitis A vaccine provides long-lasting protection. Current data suggest that protection may last for at least 20 years in healthy individuals who completed the full vaccination series.

Are booster shots necessary for maintaining immunity against hepatitis A? At present, routine booster doses are not recommended for individuals who have completed the initial two-dose series. However, research is ongoing to determine if boosters might be beneficial in the future, particularly for high-risk groups or as people age.

Combination Vaccines

Are there combination vaccines that include protection against hepatitis A? Yes, there are combination vaccines available that protect against both hepatitis A and hepatitis B. These can be particularly useful for individuals who require protection against both viruses, such as certain travelers or those with specific risk factors.

Hepatitis A Vaccine and Global Health

How does hepatitis A vaccination contribute to global health efforts? The hepatitis A vaccine plays a crucial role in reducing the global burden of the disease. In many parts of the world where hepatitis A is endemic, vaccination programs have significantly decreased infection rates and associated complications.

What challenges exist in achieving global hepatitis A vaccination coverage? Some of the main challenges include:

• Limited access to healthcare in certain regions
• Cost of vaccines in low-income countries
• Lack of awareness about the importance of vaccination
• Cultural or religious beliefs that may discourage vaccination

How are international health organizations addressing these challenges? Organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF are working to improve vaccine access, educate communities about the benefits of vaccination, and support countries in implementing comprehensive immunization programs.

Hepatitis A Prevention Beyond Vaccination

While vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis A, what other measures can individuals take to reduce their risk of infection? Additional preventive strategies include:

1. Practicing good hand hygiene, especially before eating and after using the bathroom
2. Avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish
3. Being cautious about food and water sources when traveling to areas with high hepatitis A prevalence
4. Thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables before consumption
5. Avoiding close contact with individuals known to be infected with hepatitis A

How effective are these preventive measures compared to vaccination? While these measures can significantly reduce the risk of hepatitis A infection, they are not as reliable or comprehensive as vaccination. The hepatitis A vaccine remains the gold standard for prevention.

Hepatitis A and Food Safety

Why is food safety particularly important in preventing hepatitis A transmission? The hepatitis A virus can survive on food surfaces and be transmitted through contaminated food items. Proper food handling, cooking, and storage practices are essential in preventing the spread of the virus through the food supply.

What steps can food handlers take to prevent hepatitis A transmission? Food industry workers should:

• Get vaccinated against hepatitis A
• Practice rigorous hand hygiene
• Wear gloves when handling ready-to-eat foods
• Avoid working while ill, especially with gastrointestinal symptoms
• Follow proper food safety protocols, including temperature control and sanitation

Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy and Misinformation

How can healthcare providers and public health officials address concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy? Effective strategies include:

1. Providing clear, evidence-based information about vaccine benefits and risks
2. Addressing common misconceptions and myths about vaccines
3. Offering open, non-judgmental communication with patients and parents
4. Sharing personal experiences and professional recommendations
5. Highlighting the success of vaccination programs in reducing disease burden

What role does public education play in promoting hepatitis A vaccination? Public education campaigns can raise awareness about the importance of hepatitis A vaccination, dispel myths, and provide accurate information about vaccine safety and efficacy. These efforts can help increase vaccination rates and protect more individuals and communities from hepatitis A.

The Future of Hepatitis A Prevention

What advancements in hepatitis A prevention and treatment are on the horizon? Researchers are exploring several avenues, including:

• Development of more thermostable vaccines for use in challenging environments
• Investigation of single-dose vaccination schedules for improved compliance
• Studies on the long-term efficacy of current vaccines to determine if and when boosters might be needed
• Research into therapeutic options for treating acute hepatitis A infections

How might these advancements impact global hepatitis A prevention efforts? These developments could lead to more accessible and effective vaccination programs, particularly in resource-limited settings, potentially accelerating progress towards global hepatitis A elimination.

Vaccine (Shot) for Hepatitis A

The hepatitis A shot is safe.

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The hepatitis A vaccine is very safe, and it is effective at preventing the hepatitis A disease. Vaccines, like any medicine, can have side effects. These are usually mild and go away on their own.

What are the side effects?

The most common side effects are usually mild and last 1 or 2 days. They include:

• Sore arm from the shot
• Headache
• Tiredness
• Fever
• Loss of appetite (not wanting to eat)

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Prepare for your child’s vaccine visit and learn about how you can:

• Research vaccines and ready your child before the visit
• Comfort your child during the appointment
• Care for your child after the shot

Before, During, and After Shots

What is hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus. Children with the virus often don’t have symptoms, but they often pass the disease to others, including their unvaccinated parents or caregivers. These individuals can get very sick.

What are the symptoms of hepatitis A disease?

Children under 6 years old often have no symptoms. Older children and adults feel
very sick and weak. Symptoms usually appear 2 to 6 weeks after a person gets the virus.
The symptoms may include

• Fever
• Loss of appetite (not wanting to eat)
• Tiredness
• Stomach pain
• Vomiting
• Dark urine
• Yellow skin and eyes

Is it serious?

Older children, adolescents and adults often feel sick and symptoms can last for up to 6 months. There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A.

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Hepatitis A is a serious disease that used to be more common in the United States. In the 1980s, the United States used to see as many as 30,000 cases a year. Thanks to the vaccine, the number of hepatitis A cases in the United States has dropped by 95%.

How does hepatitis A spread?

Hepatitis A virus is found in the stool (poop) of a person who has the virus. It spreads when a person puts something in his or her mouth that has the hepatitis A virus on it. Even if the item looks clean, it can still have virus on it that can spread to others. The amount of stool can be so tiny that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. You can get it by touching objects such as doorknobs or diapers or eating food that has the virus on it.

Follow the vaccine schedule

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommend children receive all vaccines according to the recommended vaccine schedule.

Hepatitis A Vaccine: What You Need to Know (VIS)

​Why get vaccinated?

Hepatitis A is a serious liver disease. It is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV is spread from person to person through contact with the feces (stool) of people who are infected, which can easily happen if someone does not wash his or her hands properly. You can also get hepatitis A from food, water, or objects contaminated with HAV.

Symptoms of hepatitis A can include:

• Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and/or joint pain
• Severe stomach pains and diarrhea (mainly in children)
• Jaundice (yellow skin or eyes, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements)

These symptoms usually appear 2 to 6 weeks after exposure and usually last less than 2 months, although some people can be ill for as long as 6 months. If you have hepatitis A you may be too ill to work.

Children often do not have symptoms, but most adults do. You can spread HAV without having symptoms.

Hepatitis A can cause liver failure and death, although this is rare and occurs more commonly in persons 50 years of age or older and persons with other liver diseases, such as hepatitis B or C.

Hepatitis A vaccine can prevent hepatitis A. Hepatitis A vaccines were recommended in the United States beginning in 1996. Since then, the number of cases reported each year in the U.S. has dropped from around 31,000 cases to fewer than 1,500 cases.

Hepatitis A vaccine

Hepatitis A vaccine is an inactivated (killed) vaccine. You will need 2 doses for long-lasting protection. These doses should be given at least 6 months apart.

Children are routinely vaccinated between their first and second birthdays (12 through 23 months of age). Older children and adolescents can get the vaccine after 23 months. Adults who have not been vaccinated previously and want to be protected against hepatitis A can also get the vaccine.

You should get hepatitis A vaccine if you:

• Are traveling to countries where hepatitis A is common
• Are a man who has sex with other men
• Use illegal drugs
• Have a chronic liver disease such as hepatitis B or hepatitis C
• Are being treated with clotting-factor concentrates
• Work with hepatitis A-infected animals or in a hepatitis A research laboratory
• Expect to have close personal contact with an international adoptee from a country where hepatitis A is common

Ask your healthcare provider if you want more information about any of these groups.

There are no known risks to getting hepatitis A vaccine at the same time as other vaccines.

Some people should not get this vaccine

Tell the person who is giving you the vaccine:

• If you have any severe, life-threatening allergies. If you ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction after a dose of hepatitis A vaccine, or have a severe allergy to any part of this vaccine, you may be advised not to get vaccinated. Ask your health care provider if you want information about vaccine components.
• If you are not feeling well. If you have a mild illness, such as a cold, you can probably get the vaccine today. If you are moderately or severely ill, you should probably wait until you recover. Your doctor can advise you.

Risks of a vaccine reaction

With any medicine, including vaccines, there is a chance of side effects. These are usually mild and go away on their own, but serious reactions are also possible.

Most people who get hepatitis A vaccine do not have any problems with it.

Minor problems following hepatitis A vaccine include:

• Soreness or redness where the shot was given
• Low-grade fever
• Headache
• Tiredness

If these problems occur, they usually begin soon after the shot and last 1 or 2 days.

Your doctor can tell you more about these reactions.

Other problems that could happen after this vaccine:

• People sometimes faint after a medical procedure, including vaccination. Sitting or lying down for about 15 minutes can help prevent fainting, and injuries caused by a fall. Tell your provider if you feel dizzy, or have vision changes or ringing in the ears.
• Some people get shoulder pain that can be more severe and longer lasting than the more routine soreness that can follow injections. This happens very rarely.
• Any medication can cause a severe allergic reaction. Such reactions from a vaccine are very rare, estimated at about 1 in a million doses, and would happen within a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination.

As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a serious injury or death.

The safety of vaccines is always being monitored. For more information, visit the vaccine safety site.

What if there is a serious problem?

What should I look for?

• Look for anything that concerns you, such as signs of a severe allergic reaction, very high fever, or unusual behavior.
• Signs of a severe allergic reaction can include hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, and weakness. These would usually start a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination.

What should I do?

• If you think it is a severe allergic reaction or other emergency that can’t wait, call 9-1-1 and get to the nearest hospital. Otherwise, call your clinic.
• Afterward, the reaction should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Your doctor should file this report, or you can do it yourself through the VAERS website, or by calling 1-800-822-7967.

VAERS does not give medical advice.

The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) is a federal program that was created to compensate people who may have been injured by certain vaccines.

Persons who believe they may have been injured by a vaccine can learn about the program and about filing a claim by calling 1-800-338-2382 or visiting the VICP website. There is a time limit to file a claim for compensation.

How can I learn more?

• Ask your healthcare provider. He or she can give you the vaccine package insert or suggest other sources of information.
• Call your local or state health department.
• Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

A Look at Each Vaccine: Hepatitis A Vaccine

The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for all children between 12 months and 18 years of age living in the United States. It is also recommended for others who are considered to be at increased risk of infection, including:

• Those traveling to countries with moderate or high rates of hepatitis A
• Those in close contact with a child adopted from a country with moderate or high rates of hepatitis A
• People experiencing homelessness
• Men who have sex with men
• People who use injection or non-injection drugs
• People with chronic liver disease or HIV infection
• People with increased risk of exposure because of their job
• Pregnant women who might be at increased risk
• Unvaccinated people 1 year of age and older who are at risk for hepatitis A during outbreaks
• People who have been exposed to hepatitis A in the last two weeks (known as postexposure prophylaxis).   

The hepatitis A vaccine is typically given as a series of two shots — the second administered at least 6 months after the first. Children receiving the first shot should be at least 1 year old. Those up to 18 years old who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis A should get the vaccine.

Because hepatitis A outbreaks occur each year in the U.S., adults who wish to be protected against the disease can be vaccinated.

If an unvaccinated person 1 year of age or older is exposed to hepatitis A, they should get one dose of hepatitis A vaccine within 2 weeks of exposure. This is called postexposure prophylaxis.  These individuals should get a second dose 6 months after the first dose for long-term protection.

The threat of hepatitis A virus

Although the threat of hepatitis A virus infection is high in developing countries, the United States is not, by any means, hepatitis A virus-free. Each year, about 1,000-17,500 people in the United States, many of whom are children, contract hepatitis A virus. And every year about 75 people die from hepatitis A virus infection. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all children get the hepatitis A vaccine between 12 and 23 months of age. Those up to 18 years of age who have not previously received hepatitis A vaccine should also be vaccinated.

Reviewed by Paul A. Offit, MD on July 20, 2020

Immunization Reactions

Is this your child’s symptom?

• Reactions to a recent immunization (vaccine)
• Most are reactions at the shot site (such as pain, swelling, redness)
• General reactions (such as a fever or being fussy) may also occur

Reactions to These Vaccines are Covered:

• Chickenpox (varicella) virus
• COVID-19 virus
• DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)
• Hemophilus influenzae type b
• Hepatitis A virus
• Hepatitis B virus
• Human Papilloma virus
• Influenza virus
• MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
• Meningococcal
• Polio virus
• Pneumococcal
• Rotavirus
• Tuberculosis (BCG vaccine)

Symptoms of Vaccine Reactions

• Local Reactions. Shot sites can have swelling, redness and pain. Most often, these symptoms start within 24 hours of the shot. They most often last 3 to 5 days. With the DTaP vaccine, they can last up to 7 days.
• Fever. Fever with most vaccines begins within 24 hours and lasts 1 to 2 days.
• Delayed Reactions. With the MMR and chickenpox shots, fever and rash can occur. These symptoms start later. They usually begin between 1 and 4 weeks.
• Anaphylaxis. Severe allergic reactions are very rare. They start within 20 minutes. Sometimes can occur up to 2 hours after the shot. Vaccine health workers know how to treat these reactions.

Vaccine Free App

• Vaccines on the Go app from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
• This free app can answer any vaccine questions you may have
• It is fact-based and up-to-date

When to Call for Immunization Reactions

Call 911 Now

• Trouble breathing or swallowing
• Not moving or very weak
• Can’t wake up
• You think your child has a life-threatening emergency

Call Doctor or Seek Care Now

• Fever in baby less than 12 weeks old. Caution: do NOT give your baby any fever medicine before being seen.
• Fever over 104° F (40° C)
• Fever after vaccine given and weak immune system (such as sickle cell disease, HIV, cancer, organ transplant, taking oral steroids)
• High-pitched crying lasts more than 1 hour
• Crying nonstop lasts more than 3 hours
• Rotavirus vaccine followed by vomiting or severe crying
• Your child looks or acts very sick
• You think your child needs to be seen, and the problem is urgent

Contact Doctor Within 24 Hours

• Redness or red streak starts more than 48 hours (2 days) after the shot
• Redness around the shot becomes larger than 3 inches (7.5 cm)
• Fever lasts more than 3 days
• Fever returns after being gone more than 24 hours
• Measles vaccine rash (starts day 6 to 12 after shot) lasts more than 4 days
• You think your child needs to be seen, but the problem is not urgent

Contact Doctor During Office Hours

• Redness or red streak around shot is larger than 1 inch (2. 5 cm)
• Redness, swelling or pain is getting worse after 3 days
• Fussiness from vaccine lasts more than 3 days
• You have other questions or concerns

Self Care at Home

• Normal immunization reaction

Seattle Children’s Urgent Care Locations

If your child’s illness or injury is life-threatening, call 911.

Care Advice for Immunization Reactions

Treatment for Common Immunization Reactions

1. What You Should Know About Common Shot Reactions:
   • Immunizations (vaccines) protect your child against serious diseases.
   • Pain, redness and swelling are normal where the shot was given. Most symptoms start within the first 12 hours after the shot was given. Redness and fever starting on day 1 of the shot is always normal.
   • All of these reactions mean the vaccine is working.
   • Your child’s body is making new antibodies to protect against the real disease.
   • Most of these symptoms will only last 2 or 3 days.
   • There is no need to see your doctor for normal reactions, such as redness or fever.
   • Here is some care advice that should help.
2. Vaccine Site Reaction: Treatment
   • Some pain, swelling and skin redness at the injection site is normal. It means the vaccine is working.
   • Massage: gently massage the injection site 3 or more times a day.
   • Heat: for pain or redness, apply a heating pad or a warm wet washcloth to the area for 10 minutes. Repeat as needed. Reason: will increase blood flow to the area. May apply cold if you prefer, but avoid ice.
   • No Pain Medicine: try not to give any pain medicines. Reason: pain medicines may reduce the body’s normal immune response. Use local heat instead. Pain rarely becomes bad.
   • Hives at the Shot Site: if itchy, can put on 1% hydrocortisone cream (such as Cortaid). No prescription is needed. Use twice daily as needed.
3. Fever with Vaccines: Treatment
   • Fever with vaccines is normal, harmless and probably helpful. Reason: fever speeds up your body’s immune system.
   • Fever with most vaccines begins within 12 hours and lasts 1 to 2 days.
   • For low grade fevers of 100-102&deg F (37.8 to 39&deg C), do not give fever medicines. Reason: they may reduce your body’s normal immune response.
   • For fevers above 102° F (39° C), medicine may be given for discomfort. If needed, use acetaminophen.
   • Fluids. Encourage cool fluids in unlimited amounts. Reason: prevent dehydration. Fluids can also lower high fevers. For infants age younger than 6 months, only give formula or breastmilk.
   • Clothing. Dress in normal clothing. For shivering or the chills, use a blanket until it stops.
4. General Symptoms From Vaccines:
   • All vaccines can cause mild fussiness, crying and restless sleep. This is usually due to a sore shot site.
   • Some children sleep more than usual. A decreased appetite and activity level are also common.
   • These symptoms are normal. They do not need any treatment.
   • They will usually go away in 24-48 hours.
5. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Redness starts after 2 days (48 hours)
   • Redness becomes larger than 2 inches (5 cm)
   • Pain or redness gets worse after 3 days (or lasts more than 7 days)
   • Fever starts after 2 days (or lasts more than 3 days)
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse

Specific Immunization Reactions

1. Chickenpox Vaccine:
   • Pain or swelling at the shot site for 1 to 2 days. (20% of children)
   • Mild fever lasting 1 to 3 days begins 14 to 28 days after the shot (10%). Give acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever over 102° F (39°C).
   • Never give aspirin for fever, pain or within 6 weeks of getting the shot. Reason: Risk of Reye syndrome, a rare but serious brain disease.
   • Chickenpox-like rash (usually 2 red bumps) at the shot site (3%)
   • Chickenpox-like rash (usually 5 red bumps) scattered over the body (4%)
   • This mild rash begins 5 to 26 days after the shot. Most often, it lasts a few days.
   • Children with these rashes can go to child care or school. Reason: For practical purposes, vaccine rashes are not spread to others.
   • Exception: Do not go to school if red bumps drain fluid and are widespread. Reason: can be actual chickenpox.
   • Caution: If vaccine rash contains fluid, cover it with clothing. You can also use a bandage (such as Band-Aid).
2. COVID-19 Vaccine
   • Injection site reactions. Pain and tenderness starts within 8 hours (90% of patients). Other local reactions are some swelling (10%) or skin redness (5%). Local symptoms usually last 1 to 3 days.
   • General body symptoms after the second dose. Fever (15%), chills (40%), tiredness (70%), muscle aches (50%) and headaches (60%). General symptoms start at about 24 hours. They usually last 1 day, sometimes 2.
   • Vaccines with 2 doses. Symptoms are more frequent after the 2nd vaccine.
   • Vaccines with one dose. Side effects were the same type, but a little less often.
   • The vaccine does not cause any respiratory symptoms such as cough, runny nose or shortness of breath.
   • It is impossible to get COVID-19 from the vaccine. Reason: there is no live COVID-19 virus in the vaccine.
   • Severe allergic reactions to the vaccine are very rare.
3. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccine:
   • The following harmless reactions to DTaP can occur:
   • Pain, tenderness, swelling and redness at the shot site are the main side effects. This happens in 25% of children. It usually starts within the first 12 hours. Redness and fever starting on day 1 of the shot is always normal. It lasts for 3 to 7 days.
   • Fever (in 25% of children) and lasts for 24 to 48 hours
   • Mild drowsiness (30%), fretfulness (30%) or poor appetite (10%) and lasts for 24 to 48 hours.
   • Large swelling over 4 inches (10 cm) can follow the later doses of DTaP. The area of redness is smaller. This usually occurs with the 4th or 5th dose. It occurs in 5% of children. Most children can still move the leg or arm normally.
   • The large thigh or upper arm swelling goes away without treatment by day 3 (60%) to day 7 (90%).
   • This is not an allergy. Future DTaP vaccines are safe to give.
4. Hemophilus Influenza Type B Vaccine (Hib):
   • No serious reactions reported.
   • Sore injection site or mild fever only occurs in 2% of children.
5. Hepatitis A Vaccine:
   • No serious reactions reported.
   • Sore injection occurs in 20% of children.
   • Loss of appetite occurs in 10% of children.
   • Headache occurs in 5% of children.
   • Most often, no fever is present.
   • If these symptoms occur, they most often last 1-2 days.
6. Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine (HBV):
   • No serious reactions reported.
   • Sore shot site occurs in 30% of children and mild fever in 3% of children.
   • Fever from the vaccine is rare. Any baby under 2 months with a fever after this shot should be examined.
7. Influenza Virus Vaccine:
   • Pain, tenderness or swelling at the injection site occurs within 6 to 8 hours. This happens in 10% of children.
   • Mild fever under 103° F (39.5° C) occurs in 20% of children. Fevers mainly occur in young children.
   • Nasal Influenza Vaccine: Congested or runny nose, mild fever.
8. Measles Vaccine (part of MMR):
   • The measles shot can cause a fever (10% of children) and rash (5% of children). This occurs about 6 to 12 days after the shot.
   • Mild fever under 103° F (39.5°C) in 10% and lasts 2 or 3 days.
   • The mild pink rash is mainly on the trunk and lasts 2 or 3 days.
   • No treatment is needed. The rash cannot be spread to others. Your child can go to child care or to school with the rash.
   • Call Your Doctor If:
     • Rash changes to blood-colored spots
     • Rash lasts more than 3 days
9. Meningococcal Vaccine:
   • No serious reactions.
   • Sore shot site for 1 to 2 days occurs in 50%. Limited use of the arm occurs in 15% of children.
   • Mild fever occurs in 5%, headache in 40% and joint pain in 20%
   • The vaccine never causes meningitis.
10. Mumps or Rubella Vaccine (part of MMR):
    • There are no serious reactions.
    • Sometimes, a sore shot site can occur.
11. Papillomavirus Vaccine:
    • No serious reactions.
    • Sore injection site for few days in 90%.
    • Mild redness and swelling at the shot site (in 50%).
    • Fever over 100.4° F (38.0° C) in 10% and fever over 102° F (39° C) in 2%.
    • Headache in 30%.
12. Pneumococcal Vaccine:
    • No serious reactions.
    • Pain, tenderness, swelling or redness at the injection site in 20%.
    • Mild fever under 102° F (39° C) in 15% for 1-2 days.
13. Polio Vaccine:
    • Polio vaccine given by shot sometimes causes some muscle soreness.
    • Polio vaccine given by mouth is no longer used in the U.S.
14. Rotavirus Vaccine:
    • Most often, no serious reactions to this vaccine given by mouth.
    • Mild diarrhea or vomiting for 1 to 2 days in 3%.
    • No fever.
    • Rare serious reaction: intussusception. Risk is 1 in 100,000 (CDC). Presents with vomiting or severe crying.
15. BCG Vaccine for Tuberculosis (TB):
    • Vaccine used to prevent TB in high-risk groups or countries. It is not used in the US or most of Canada. Note: This is different than the skin test placed on the forearm to detect TB.
    • BCG vaccine is given into the skin of the right shoulder area.
    • Timing: Mainly given to infants and young children.
    • Normal reaction: After 6 to 8 weeks, a blister forms. It gradually enlarges and eventually drains a whitish yellow liquid. The blister then heals over leaving a scar. The raised scar is proof of BCG protection against TB.
    • Abnormal reaction: Abscess (infected lump) occurs in the shoulder or under the arm. Occurs in 1% of patients.
    • Call Your Doctor If:
      • Blister turns into a large red lump
      • Lymph node in the armpit becomes large

And remember, contact your doctor if your child develops any of the ‘Call Your Doctor’ symptoms.

Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.

Last Reviewed: 04/05/2021

Last Revised: 03/11/2021

Copyright 2000-2021. Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

Hepatitis A Vaccine Side Effects

Havrix and Vaqta are two vaccines against Hepatitis A. The risk of severe side effects is low, but Vaqta is more likely to cause fevers in children under 2 years old. Side effects are more likely when HepA vaccines are given with MMR and pneumococcal vaccines.

What are Hepatitis A vaccines?

Havrix and Vaqta

Two vaccines against Hepatitis A are approved in the United States:

• Havrix: Manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline and approved by the FDA in 1995. It comes in pediatric doses (0.5-mL) and adult doses (1.0-mL).
• Vaqta: Manufactured by Merck & Co. and approved by the FDA in 1996. It comes in pediatric doses (0.5-mL) and adult doses (1.0-mL).

Can the vaccine cause Hepatitis A?

No. Havrix and Vaqta can’t cause Hepatitis A because they do not have a live virus. The vaccine contain an inactivated (dead) whole virus from a strain of Hepatitis A that was proven to be weak.

What are common side effects?

• Injection-site reactions (pain, redness, swelling, lump)
• Eye irritation
• Low fever
• Dizziness
• Tiredness
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Stomach pain
• Loss of appetite
• Joint pain
• Sore throat

What are rare side effects?

Hepatitis A vaccines sometimes cause temporary side effects like fainting, dizziness, vision changes, numbness, tingling, or seizure-like movements. Tell your doctor right away if you have these symptoms. The vaccine is also linked to rare reports of severe side effects.

Both vaccines contain latex and the antibiotic neomycin. People who are sensitive to these ingredients can suffer severe allergic reactions.

What are severe side effects?

• Allergic reaction
• Anaphylaxis
• Asthma
• Angioedema
• Back pain or stiffness
• Cerebellar ataxia
• Conjunctivitis
• Constipation
• Convulsions
• Dehydration
• Diarrhea
• Encephalitis
• Encephalopathy (brain inflammation)
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Erythema multiforme
• Fever over 100ºF
• Flu-like symptoms
• Febrile seizure
• Gastroenteritis
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
• Hematoma (blood pocket)
• Hepatitis (non-viral liver inflammation)
• Infection
• Jaundice
• Latex hypersensitivity reaction
• Lung infection
• Rash
• Seizure
• Serum sickness-like syndrome
• Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA)
• Thrombocytopenia
• Viral infection
• Vasculitis

What is SIRVA?

Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) occurs when the person giving the vaccine accidentally hits nerves, tendons, ligaments, or punctures the bursa in the shoulder. This can result in chronic pain and limited range of movement in the arm.

Can Hepatitis A vaccines cause a Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA)?

Yes. As with all injection vaccines, there is a risk of a Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) with Hepatitis A vaccines. This side effect is more likely when the needle is injected improperly into the shoulder, typically too high or too deep. SIRVA symptoms may include chronic pain, limited mobility, poor flexibility, and weakness.

Can I file a Hepatitis A vaccine lawsuit?

Our lawyers are evaluating Hepatitis A vaccine lawsuits for anyone who suffered a shoulder injury (SIRVA) after receiving the vaccine.

Where can I get more information?

Related

Tags: hepatitis a

Hepatitis B Infant Vaccine | HealthLinkBC File 25c

Keep your child safe.
Get all vaccines on time.

By getting all the vaccines on time, your child can be protected from many diseases over a lifetime.

Immunization has saved more lives in Canada in the last 50 years than any other health measure.

What is the hepatitis B vaccine?

The hepatitis B vaccine protects against the hepatitis B virus. The vaccine is approved by Health Canada.

The hepatitis B vaccine is provided free as part of your child’s routine immunizations. Call your health care provider to make an appointment.

Who should get the hepatitis B vaccine?

The vaccine is given to babies as a series of 3 doses at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. It is usually combined with other childhood vaccines such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. For more information, see HealthLinkBC File #105 Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-HB-IPV-Hib) Vaccine.

Some babies are at greater risk of being infected with hepatitis B virus and need to be immunized at birth. For more information, see HealthLinkBC File #25d Protecting Your Baby against Hepatitis B at Birth.

It is important to keep a record of all immunizations received.

What are the benefits of the hepatitis B vaccine?

The hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to protect your child against hepatitis B and its complications, including permanent liver damage, which can lead to liver cancer and death.

When you get your child immunized, you help protect others as well.

What are the possible reactions after the vaccine?

Vaccines are very safe. It is much safer for your child to get the vaccine than to get hepatitis B.

Common reactions to the vaccine may include soreness, swelling or redness where the vaccine was given. Some children may experience fever, fussiness or fatigue.

Acetaminophen (e.g. Tylenol^®) or ibuprofen* (e.g. Advil^®) can be given for fever or soreness. ASA (e.g. Aspirin^®) should not be given to anyone under 18 years of age due to the risk of Reye Syndrome.

*Ibuprofen should not be given to children under 6 months of age without first speaking to your health care provider.

For more information on Reye Syndrome, see HealthLinkBC File #84 Reye Syndrome.

It is important to stay in the clinic for 15 minutes after getting any vaccine because there is an extremely rare possibility, less than 1 in a million, of a life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. This may include hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the throat, tongue or lips. Should this reaction occur, your health care provider is prepared to treat it. Emergency treatment includes administration of epinephrine (adrenaline) and transfer by ambulance to the nearest emergency department. If symptoms develop after you leave the clinic, call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

It is important to always report serious or unexpected reactions to your health care provider.

Who should not get the hepatitis B vaccine?

Speak with your health care provider if your child has had a life-threatening reaction to a previous dose of hepatitis B vaccine, or any component of the vaccine, including yeast or to latex.

There is no need to delay getting immunized because of a cold or other mild illness.

However, if you have concerns speak with your health care provider.

What is hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a virus that attacks the liver. It can cause serious health problems including liver damage (cirrhosis). Hepatitis B is also one of the main causes of liver cancer, which can be fatal. Hepatitis B virus is spread from one infected person to another by contact with blood or body fluids. The virus may also be spread by using items that have blood on them, such as a toothbrush, razor, or needles used for injecting drugs, and by having unprotected sex with someone infected with the virus.

Mothers who are infected with hepatitis B virus can pass the virus to their newborn babies during delivery. When infants are infected with hepatitis B virus, they often do not have symptoms but most will stay infected for life. This is why it is important to protect your child by getting them immunized at a young age.

For more information on immunizations, visit ImmunizeBC at https://immunizebc.ca/

Types, Benefits, Side-Effects & Precautions

Last Updated on November 25, 2020

With advances in the medical field, more and more deadly diseases now have vaccines which make us immune to them. Most of these vaccines are administered when young. Hepatitis A is a serious disease of the liver and has a vaccine that can be administered to your baby.

What is Hepatitis A Disease?

Hepatitis A is a disease of the liver that causes jaundice, vomiting, and inflammation of the liver. It is a serious disease with many serious complications such as liver cirrhosis, cancer or even death. Hepatitis A is a highly infectious disease and spreads through infected food and water.

Benefits of the Hepatitis A Vaccine for Babies

• The vaccine helps protect your child from Hepatitis A, which is a serious disease of the liver.
• The vaccine will ensure that your child does not miss school or other activities due to the illness.
• Vaccination also prevents the spreading of the disease, especially in places where there are other children such as daycare centres.
• The disease is transmitted via contaminated food and water and so a vaccine will ensure that your child will not have to be extra careful when consuming food outside.
• Hepatitis A does not have a cure and most children will recover on their own. However, the disease can be serious, and the vaccine prevents stress on the body.
• In most cases of Hepatitis A in children, the symptoms are almost non-detectable. This makes it hard to diagnose and prevent the spreading of the disease.
• While a vaccine will prevent the disease in a child, paediatric hepatitis A vaccine also helps curb an outbreak of an epidemic.

Which Children Should Be Given the Hepatitis A Vaccine?

Children with a strong immune system who are between the ages of one to eighteen years can be given the Hepatitis A paediatric vaccine. The vaccination involves exposure to small amounts of the inactive pathogen. This allows the child’s body to develop lifelong immunity to the disease.

Dosage of Hepatitis A Vaccine for Infants

Your child’s paediatrician will explain the nature of the vaccine and will recommend that the vaccine be given in two dosages. The gap between dosages will be from six to eighteen months.

Recommended Schedule of the Hepatitis A Vaccine for Children

The first dosage of the Hepatitis A vaccine is recommended to be given between the first and second birthdays of the baby. The second dose can then be given 6 to 18 months later.

Types of Hepatitis Shots

Hepatitis is of five varieties and is depicted by the letters A, B, C, D, and E. All of them affect the liver but differ from each other in important ways, such that each disease requires different treatments.

Hepatitis A is spread through contaminated food and the faeces of people who already have the disease. This type of hepatitis has a safe vaccine. Hepatitis B is transmitted through needles and blood transfusions. This variation also has a vaccine. Hepatitis C is more dangerous as it does not have a vaccine. Hepatitis D occurs when a person is already infected with Hepatitis B. The vaccine for Hepatitis B provides protection from Hepatitis D. Hepatitis E also has a vaccine but, since the disease is rather new and affects only developing countries, the vaccine is not as widely available as the other vaccines. In most cases, the vaccines are available in an injection form, while China has oral vaccines for some forms of Hepatitis.

Who Should Avoid Getting the Hepatitis A Vaccine?

• Children who have a weak immune system.
• Children who are currently sick, even if it is something simple as a cold.
• Children who have had an allergic reaction to the first dose of the vaccine.
• Children with severe allergies to latex, aluminium hydroxide, or 2-phenoxyethanol.

How is the Vaccine Administered?

The vaccine for Hepatitis A is given through an injection subcutaneously or into the muscle. It is best that you ask your child’s paediatrician to give this shot as well as the booster shot as she will be able to track all the vaccinations your child has had.

What if Your Child is Given an Overdose?

All vaccines are made in laboratory settings and are pre-packaged with the correct dosage in each vial. Since you will be getting the vaccination done by your child’s paediatrician, she will know how many doses have been administered. Due to these reasons, an overdose of the vaccine is highly unlikely.

What if Your Child Misses a Dose?

It is very important that your child gets the booster dose at the right time, as this will give her the best fighting chance against the disease. The booster dose can be given six to 18 months after the initial dose which gives you plenty of time to plan your visit to the doctor. In case your child misses the second dose, inform your child’s doctor immediately. While the entire course need not be started again, the booster dose will have to be given as soon as possible.

Precautions to Take Before Getting the Hepatitis A Vaccine

Be sure to get the vaccination done by your child’s paediatrician, as she will be aware of your child’s medical history. If your child is not feeling well, it is best to postpone the shot as a compromised immune system will leave your child feeling weak and tired.

What Other Drugs Affect the Vaccine?

A total of 187 drugs are known to interact with the Hepatitis A vaccine. However, not all interactions are adverse reactions and it is best to let your doctor decide if the drug will react adversely to the vaccination. Let your child’s doctor know if your child is on any other medication, including other vaccines. Once the doctor has administered the vaccination, then follow her orders on food and beverage restrictions.

Possible Side Effects of the Hepatitis A Vaccine in a Baby

The chances of your child suffering from serious side effects after receiving the Hepatitis A vaccination are pretty low. In fact, being infected with the disease is far more serious than the side effects of the vaccination. Some of the common side effects that your child might experience are:

• Soreness at the point of injection with tenderness and redness.
• Mild fever
• A headache
• Nausea with loss of appetite

You must get immediate medical help if your child exhibits the following side effects:

• Extreme fatigue or drowsiness.
• Irritability for an extended period.
• Seizures
• High fever

Things to Take Care of After Getting Immunised

Your child might feel tired or have a mild fever after getting the vaccination. Be sure that your child eats well and according to the recommendation by the doctor. Keep your child hydrated and let her rest until she recuperates her usual strength. If the fever continues, then you could ask your child’s doctor if you can give her some mild medications.

How Much Does the Hepatitis A Vaccination Cost?

The cost of the vaccination will depend on the brand of the vaccine. In India, different brands sell the vaccines at a different price. Also, the doctor’s consultation fee will also vary according to where your doctor works. A private clinic might be more inexpensive compared to a big hospital chain. All in all, you are bound to find reliable and safe vaccinations for Hepatitis A to fit most budgets.

Hepatitis A is a serious disease that affects the liver and could lead to serious complications of the kidney. It is best that you start discussing vaccinations with your child’s paediatrician early and come up with a regular schedule for the vaccination.

Also Read: Chickenpox (Varicella) Vaccine for Babies

90,000 Hepatitis A vaccinations: vaccination schedule, side effects, contraindications

Contents

Hepatitis A (“jaundice”) is a common viral infection. It is dangerous because it occurs with liver damage. If the patient adheres to a special diet and undergoes complex treatment, the disease is benign. However, the infection can cause serious health problems. In some cases, hepatitis A even becomes the cause of the death of the patient.Moreover, the most susceptible to the virus are young children and adolescents, as well as elderly people (including those with weak immunity). The disease can always be prevented. The main method of effective prevention is hepatitis A vaccination.

How is the virus transmitted?

The transmission of the virus occurs through any things, dirty hands, dishes, etc. Also, infection is possible through water (if you do not boil it). Particularly dangerous are the causative agents of the virus that enter the water supply network.They feel great in them and remain highly active. Moreover, pathological agents are resistant even to aggressive chemical and physical factors and can live for a long time in the external environment.

The most susceptible to infection are residents of countries with a low standard of living, often neglecting the rules of personal hygiene, consuming poor-quality water and food. Outbreaks of hepatitis A are also common in developed countries. They also appear in Russia. In order not to suffer from “jaundice”, you just need to get vaccinated.Disease is always easier to prevent than to cure, despite the emergence of more and more modern therapies.

Vaccinations for children and adults

Vaccination is aimed at starting the process of producing antibodies to infection in the body, which persist for a long time. Mass immunization in our country began in 1997. It was at this time in Russia that tests were completed to verify the domestic vaccine, which confirmed its maximum safety not only for adults, but also for children.

Currently, the following types of vaccines are used in our country:

• GEP-A-in-VAK . It is inactivated, that is, it implies the introduction of a “non-living” virus
• Havrix-720 . This vaccine is specially designed for children
• Havrix-1440 . Introduced by adults
• Twinrix . This vaccine is combined and allows to form immunity against hepatitis A and B

Other drugs are also used.They are all certified and proven to be effective.

Immunoglobulin vaccinations are also administered. They contain already formed antigens. Such vaccinations are given if a person plans a trip abroad in the coming month and needs a high level of protection. After contact with an infected patient, preventive measures are urgently taken. A person is injected with immunoglobulin – a serum that is quickly excreted from the body and differs from vaccination by the duration of action (12-24 hours).

Vaccination schedule

For the formation of pronounced immunity in children, which will persist for a long time, 2 vaccinations must be given. The break between them is about six months. Vaccination is repeated if no allergic reactions have been identified for the first vaccination. Children can be vaccinated as early as a year. Adults are vaccinated if they do not have antigens for the disease in their blood or at a high risk of infection (travel to countries with a low level of development, for example).

Possible complications

Vaccination against hepatitis A has a minimal risk of complications. This is due to the fact that modern purified preparations are used today. They all undergo numerous checks.

There are cases when the body does not take certain components of the drugs. In this case, a number of side effects may occur. They are easily tolerated by adults.

Important! For serious complications, see your doctor promptly.In some cases it is necessary to call an ambulance.

Serious side effects after vaccination are extremely rare. Usually they are associated with individual intolerance to the substances included in the drug.

How are vaccinations given?

Before vaccination, you should consult a specialist. If you are planning to vaccinate your child, contact your pediatrician. He will tell you which reaction to the drug is normal, and at which you should immediately contact a medical institution.A number of tests are also taken beforehand. The doctor must measure the body temperature, check the absence of allergies to the components, track the general health. In this case, vaccination will be as safe as possible.

Important! The vaccine is given only when the child reaches the age of 1 year.

For babies, the injection is injected into the thigh. For grown-up children and adults, the drug is injected into the shoulder muscle.

Who is at risk?

Revaccination (repeated administration of the vaccine to adult patients) is mandatory for:

90 022 90 023 Patients with various liver lesions

90,023 People living in same-sex marriages

You should not refuse vaccination even at the slightest risk of real infection.

Vaccine effect

Modern drugs provide protection against viruses for 10-20 years. Moreover, it is not the vaccine itself that works in this case, but the cells of our body – antibodies. They are produced by the immune system when a dangerous virus enters the body. For this reason, slight inflammation at the injection site is an understandable and natural response. Antibodies persist in the body even after an illness (for about 6 months or more).

Contraindications

Any non-live, live or synthesized vaccine is a relatively safe drug. However, there are health risks after its introduction.

Vaccination against hepatitis A is not carried out when:

• Severe tendency to allergic reactions
• Immediate response to the first dose
• Inflammatory processes
• Pregnancy
• Presence of malignant neoplasms

Vaccinations are given only to healthy people.If no contraindications are found and the person is physically normally developed, one should not worry about the administration of the drug.

Advantages of vaccination in MEDSI

• Vaccinations only by experienced specialists . Our staff has all the necessary skills and knowledge. The injections are painless. This makes them easy for even small children to carry
• Vaccination safety . Vaccinations are given using disposable consumables and sterile instruments
• Use of quality drugs .MEDSI uses only certified domestic and imported vaccines. They have already proven their safety and have proven themselves well in both doctors and patients. MEDSI specialists closely follow the trends in the pharmaceutical market and promptly purchase new generation vaccines in the arsenal of clinics, that is, more effective and safer. After the introduction of drugs, immunity to the disease persists for many years
• Individual approach to each patient .Vaccination is carried out taking into account the age, previous and current diseases
• Obligatory preliminary control of the patient’s state of health. It allows you to prevent the risks of complications and side effects. If necessary, the patient can be consulted by the specialists of the Center: therapists, pediatricians, allergists-immunologists, neurologists. For patients with concomitant pathology, if necessary, it is possible to conduct additional examinations, laboratory and functional diagnostics

If you want the hepatitis A vaccination to be carried out by a specialist with extensive experience using a quality drug, make an appointment by phone +7 (495) 7-800-500.

Hepatitis A vaccination for children in Moscow

Hepatitis A vaccination is not part of the mandatory vaccination schedule for children. It is carried out at the request of the parents and creates a strong immunity that lasts for 7-20 years. In the clinic “CM-Doctor”, modern and safe for children vaccines against hepatitis A are always available, which can be used from 12 months.

Features of hepatitis A

Hepatitis A or Botkin’s disease is a viral disease in which liver cells are damaged. In most cases, it proceeds relatively easily and without consequences, but the risk of developing severe liver failure, coma and death is not excluded. The pathogen enters the body through the oral cavity, most often people become infected:

• with insufficient washing of hands;
• by household means: through common things, tableware, toys;
• through water when swimming in open reservoirs, public pools, as well as when contaminated waste enters the water supply system;
• by the alimentary method: through food products in catering establishments.

The risk of infection is much higher in hot climates, especially in countries with poor infrastructure. Children suffer from hepatitis A more often than adults, because due to their age they do not realize the need to observe hygiene rules. That is why pediatricians recommend not to ignore preventive vaccinations.

Indications for vaccination of children against hepatitis A

The pediatricians of the CM-Doctor clinic invite a child to be vaccinated against hepatitis A in the following situations:

• while living in a region with increased morbidity;
• when planning a trip to hot countries;
• upon proven contact with an infected person;
• after suffering liver diseases;
• for hemophilia.

Vaccines and dosing regimens

The CM-Doctor clinic uses Russian and foreign hepatitis A vaccines that are safe for children and adults. Their use does not lead to infection with the disease, but promotes the production of protective antibodies.

The scheme of vaccination of children against hepatitis A requires two doses of the drug. The second injection is given 1-1.5 years after the first. If necessary, the vaccine can be combined with others (except for BCG). The injection is given in the thigh (under 3 years of age) or in the shoulder.

Contraindications to vaccine administration

Vaccination against hepatitis A is strictly prohibited if the child has:

• allergy to any components of the drug or complications after the first dose;
• severe bronchial asthma;
• immunodeficiency.

The list of temporary contraindications includes:

• exacerbation of allergic reactions or chronic diseases;

90,023 any infections;

• elevated temperature;
• general malaise.

On the day of the vaccination, the pediatrician of the SM-Doctor clinic examines the little patient, measures the temperature, assesses the work of the heart and lungs, and the state of the throat.

Complications after vaccination

In most cases, the hepatitis A vaccine is very easy for a child to carry. In rare cases, mild adverse reactions are noted:

• general malaise;

90,023 vomiting or diarrhea;

• weakness;
• headache;
• redness and soreness at the injection site;
• slight temperature rise.

They go away on their own within 1-2 days and do not require medical attention. Dangerous symptoms include:

• temperature over 39 degrees, not decreasing while taking antipyretic drugs;
• convulsions;
• complete or partial paralysis;

90,023 Quincke’s edema;

• loss of consciousness;

90,023 respiratory disorders;

• indomitable vomiting.

In these cases, you must immediately call an ambulance.

Advantages of vaccination in the clinic “CM-Doctor”

Doctors of the clinic “CM-Doctor” approach the vaccination process with all responsibility. Each little patient is expected:

• comfortable environment;
• reception by appointment without queues and stress;
• thorough examination and questioning before vaccination;
• safe and reliable vaccines;
• own hospital with the possibility of joint stay if necessary.

We recommend that children be vaccinated against hepatitis A without fail.Even mild forms of the disease affect liver function and require long-term recovery. Protect your child, make an appointment for a vaccination at the CM-Doctor clinic.

You can make an appointment or ask questions around the clock by phone +7 (495) 292-59-86

Vaccine against hepatitis B recombinant instructions for use: indications, contraindications, side effects – description Vaccine against hepatitis B recombinant suspension.d / i / m administration of 20 mcg / 1 ml: amp. 10 pieces. (3152)

The vaccine is administered intramuscularly to adults and older children in the deltoid muscle, to newborns and young children in the anterolateral side of the thigh. Introduction to other sites is undesirable due to the reduced effect of vaccination.

Single dose for newborns and patients under 19 years old – 0.5 ml (10 μg HBsAg).

Single dose for patients over 19 years old – 1 ml (20 μg HBsAg).

Single dose for patients of the hemodialysis department – 2 ml (40 μg HBsAg).

The course of vaccination is carried out according to the following schemes.

Standard regimen

1 dose – on the selected day (for newborns it is administered in the first 12 hours of life).

2 dose – after 1 month.

3rd dose – 6 months after the first dose.

Revaccination is carried out no earlier than 5 years later by administering 1 dose of the vaccine.

Emergency plan

1 dose – on the selected day.

2 dose – after 1 month.

3rd dose – 2 months after the first dose.

4th dose – 12 months after the third dose.

Revaccination is carried out no earlier than 5 years later by administering 1 dose of the vaccine.

Children from 13 years old, not previously vaccinated, vaccination is carried out according to the standard scheme.

Children born to mothers who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus, or patients with viral hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy, are vaccinated on an emergency basis.

For patients of the hemodialysis unit , the vaccine is administered four times at intervals of 1 month between injections. Reducing the interval between 1 and 2 vaccines is not recommended. If it is necessary to increase this interval, the next administration of the vaccine should be carried out as soon as possible, determined by the state of health of the vaccinated.

Hepatitis B vaccine can be used simultaneously on the same day with other vaccines of the National vaccination calendar (with the exception of BCG vaccine), as well as inactivated vaccines of the preventive vaccination calendar for epidemic indications or with an interval of 1 month.

If the interval between the first and second vaccinations is extended by 5 months or more, the third vaccination is carried out no earlier than 1 month after the second.

Vaccine administration rules

Shake the vaccine before use.

The drug is not administered intravenously.

A disposable syringe should be used for injection. The injection site before and after the injection should be treated with a 70% solution of ethyl alcohol. The opening of the ampoules and the vaccination procedure should be carried out subject to the rules of asepsis and antiseptics.

After opening the ampoule, the drug cannot be stored.

90,000 Hepatitis Vaccine – Medical Examination

Therefore, hepatitis A and B vaccines are considered the first cancer vaccine. The vaccine is prepared by genetic engineering and has practically no contraindications. It is injected intramuscularly into the thigh or shoulder.

Hepatitis is one of the most common viral diseases that affects the liver. Vaccination against hepatitis is essential to protect against hepatitis.There are five types of hepatitis – from A to E, and each of the hepatitis differs in its course and features of manifestation. After the use of vaccinations against hepatitis A and B (at the moment, it is from these types of hepatitis that they are vaccinated), the body becomes almost completely immune to the active action of hepatitis.

Vaccination is a necessity today, because lack of proper treatment can lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis, as well as to chronic hepatitis and other complications.

If a person has not been sick before that has not been vaccinated, he may not worry, since hepatitis B vaccination is also carried out for adults up to 55 years old.

Main symptoms

The main symptoms of hepatitis include the following:

1. Dark colored urine;
2. Muscle and joint aches;
3. Abdominal pain;
4. Problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
5. Yellowness of the skin and whites of the eyes;
6. Light chair;
7. Temperature rise and fatigue.

Vaccination against hepatitis A

Vaccination is necessary and depends on the degree and type of disease from which protection is needed.

What is hepatitis A and what are its features

Hepatitis A is popularly known as “jaundice” or Botkin’s disease. The problems posed by this viral infection manifest as autoimmune damage to liver cells. The disease is transmitted from infected, as well as from dirty water and contaminated products, therefore it is spread by the oral-fecal method.

In order to prevent the disease, it is necessary to get vaccinated against hepatitis A, and the cost of the vaccine depends on the place of its administration. For example, in a polyclinic, the vaccine is given free of charge, while in medical institutions and centers it is paid for. The price includes consultations, the quality of the conduct and the quality of the drugs used.

What vaccines are used for vaccinations

In most cases, such types of vaccines as Vaktu, Avaxim, Havrix and others are used.Vaccination with such vaccines has long been trusted by both medical professionals and the civilian population due to the absence of negative consequences.

Such vaccinations help to properly adjust the human body to actively develop immunity against the manifestation of infections within 1-2 weeks or throughout the entire month.

Hepatitis B vaccination

The disease is also transmitted through the use of contaminated syringes or through sexual contact.The main sources of infection in this case are those patients who were infected before, as well as various carriers of a chronic nature.

In this case, carriers of a chronic nature are approximately 1/10 of all adults infected with the disease, as well as 90 percent of all children under one year old. Infants today are at a special risk group, so vaccination is mandatory for them.

Modern popular vaccinations are important when a child is born, especially if he came from a mother who is a carrier of the virus.It is also important if a child at a young age often or sometimes comes into contact with other children who are sick or at risk.

In case of vaccination, the first injection occurs at the time after birth, the second inoculation in a month, and the third in six months.

Periods of the vaccine

Vaccines that prevent the onset of hepatitis are carried out within 12 hours from the moment of birth of the child, and he is vaccinated against two hepatitis – hepatitis B and A, but the greatest danger is hepatitis B, as he can have some complications.

After determining the risk group and administering the first vaccine, doctors prescribe a second. Under the usual schedule, vaccination is repeated after a month, and the third, as mentioned above, is carried out upon reaching 6 months of age.

However, in view of individual moments and peculiarities of development, the scheme may differ from the standard one. Adults can also receive such vaccinations according to non-standard schemes, if they did not go through vaccination in their childhood.

Here everything is about the same: 3 vaccinations, which are given on any day, one month later and six months after the first.If we talk about mechanisms, then vaccination helps to develop immunity in almost 100 percent of cases.

Where the injection is administered

An anti-hepatitis injection is administered intramuscularly – into the shoulder or thigh, it all depends on the person’s age. For example, if we are talking about a child who is less than 3 years old, then the injection is carried out in the thigh, since there is less fat and much thinner skin. The effectiveness is very easy to test – the longer the seal lasts, the less effective the vaccine is.As for adults, they are injected directly into the shoulder.

Number of vaccinations

As noted, 3 vaccinations are given, and sometimes they are increased to 4, which is done a year after the first.

If you need to develop immunity urgently (for example, before traveling to another country, transfusion or surgery), the vaccination intervals can be greatly reduced. For example, the second is done in a week, the third in 21 days.

Euwax, Engerix and some others are used for vaccinations.Of course, there are some contraindications and the likelihood of side effects, but they pass quickly and do not pose a danger to human health.

Potential consequences

This is a rare case, but sometimes there may be consequences such as:

1. Temperature;
2. Vomiting and allergies;
3. Gastrointestinal tract disorder;
4. Dizziness or pain in the head;
5. Paresthesia, arthralgia and numbness;
6. Rash, shock and allergies.

Preparation

To prepare for the injection, you can do the following

1. Follow a hypoallergenic diet for 2 weeks before vaccination;
2. Do not drink alcoholic beverages for 3 days;
3. Restricting food intake for several days;
4. Within half an hour after vaccination, you must be under the supervision of a doctor;
5. The vaccination site must not be wetted for 24 hours.

Viral hepatitis A | Vaccinations.uz

New information materials on immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic

for healthcare professionals and parents

Vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic

Questions and Answers for PARENTS

Vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic

Questions and answers for HEALTH WORKERS

WHO celebrates 40th anniversary of victory over smallpox

and call for the same solidarity in the fight against COVID-19

Can BCG vaccine help fight coronavirus?

International studies analyze the effect of BCG vaccine on coronavirus

Joint statement by WHO and UNICEF

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to maintain routine immunization services.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination must be continued to remain effective

European Immunization Week 2020

GAVI, WHO, UNICEF: successful collaboration and new plans

On November 22-23, 2019, in the conference hall of the Hyatt Regency Tashkent hotel, with the support of WHO, the Ministry of Health held the annual national conference on immunization

The first phase of HPV vaccination was successful and effective

The Ministry of Health held a conference on the results of the first stage of the vaccination campaign against HPV in Uzbekistan.

First results of HPV vaccination!

As you know, since October 21, 2019, vaccination against HPV has been carried out throughout the country.

Uzbekistan launched vaccination against human papillomavirus

A press conference was held in the capital dedicated to the start of vaccination against human papillomavirus.

Meeting with bloggers about HPV

“The event completely engulfed me. ”

Prevention of cervical cancer and introduction of HPV vaccine in Uzbekistan

All About HPV Vaccination

Meeting with the Association of Private Schools of Uzbekistan on the introduction of HPV vaccine

Scientific and practical conference on the prevention, early detection and treatment of cervical cancer.

On August 20, 2019, a scientific-practical conference on the prevention, early detection and treatment of cervical cancer was held in Tashkent under the slogan “Future without cervical cancer”.

Working visit of the delegation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the experience of introducing the introduction of vaccination against HPV in Moldova

“These are our mothers, our sisters, our daughters, whom we can protect from cervical cancer today thanks to the HPV vaccine and the screening program,” the representatives of Moldova repeated several times.

Technical support to Uzbekistan in the assessment of thermal risks in the vaccine cold chain

As part of providing technical support to Uzbekistan in achieving the best quality and safety standards for vaccines, from 13 to 24 August 2019, a mission consisting of WHO consultants Ms Claire Frijs-Madsen and Ms Erida Nelaj is taking place.

Vaccinations: absolutely comprehensive instructions for adults and children Even for those who do not believe in vaccination

The anti-vaccination movement continues to expand, and with it the frequency of outbreaks of infections

Very recently a very unusual and interesting meeting took place within the framework of European Immunization Week

90,000 Hepatitis A. Vaccines.

Vaccine options

Several hepatitis A vaccines are available internationally. They are all similar in terms of how well people are protected from the virus and side effects. There are no licensed vaccines for children under one year of age. Vaccines are used in Russia: Avaxim, Avaxim 80, Vakta, GEP-A-in-VAK, Havrix 720, Havrix 1440.

Mortality from hepatitis A ranges from 1% to 30%, with a clear increase in mortality with age, which is associated with an increase in the likelihood of infection overlaying chronic liver disease.

Principles and objectives of vaccination

Infection with hepatitis A does not lead to chronic liver disease and is rarely fatal, but can cause debilitating symptoms and fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure), which is associated with high mortality, and recovery after this disease is protracted. Isolated cases and epidemics of hepatitis A occur throughout the world and tend to be cyclical. An estimated 1.4 million cases of hepatitis A occur worldwide each year.In areas with high prevalence of the virus (high endemicity), the majority of hepatitis A infections occur in young children. The use of the vaccine provides long-term protection for children and those who did not have hepatitis A in childhood.

Whether or not a vaccine is included in routine childhood immunizations depends on the local context, including the proportion of susceptible people in the population and the level of exposure to the virus. In some countries, including Argentina, Israel, China, Turkey and the United States of America, this vaccine is included in the routine immunization of children.Many countries use a two-dose schedule with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, but other countries may include a single dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine on immunization schedules. A.

In Russia, vaccination against this disease is carried out according to epidemic indications. For example, for people living in regions that are unfavorable in terms of the incidence of hepatitis A, as well as for people at risk of occupational infection (medical workers, public service workers employed in food processing enterprises, as well as serving water supply and sewerage facilities, equipment and networks ). In addition, people who travel to disadvantaged countries (regions), where an outbreak of hepatitis A are recorded, are vaccinated.

Efficacy of vaccines

After vaccination, immunity against the hepatitis A virus is formed in 95% of people within 2 weeks after the first injection and in 100% – after the introduction of the second dose of the vaccine. Even if exposed to the virus, a single dose of the vaccine is protective for up to two weeks after exposure to the virus. However, manufacturers recommend two doses of the vaccine for longer lasting protection – approximately 5-8 years after vaccination.

The introduction of the vaccine leads to the appearance of protective antibodies to the hepatitis A virus 15-28 days after vaccination. The concentration of antibodies after vaccination is slightly lower than during infection, however, it is sufficient for reliable protection against the disease. The resulting protective immunity persists for at least a year after vaccination. With the introduction of the second dose of the vaccine (6-12 months after the primary immunization), it is possible to prolong the immunity to hepatitis A up to 10 years. The many times confirmed effectiveness of vaccination of the population against hepatitis A makes the task of complete elimination of this infection quite realistic.

Post-vaccination reactions

Millions of immunized people did not experience any serious adverse reactions. This vaccine can be included as part of routine childhood immunization programs and provided with other vaccines to travelers.

Risk of post-vaccination complications

In rare cases, allergic reactions may occur.

Contraindications

There are general contraindications for the administration of vaccines against hepatitis A (the same as for other vaccines) – until the symptoms of any acute illness disappear, until the chronic illness enters the stage of remission.Absolute contraindications include the occurrence of immediate allergic reactions to previous administrations of this vaccine.

When to vaccinate?

Children from 12 months of age can be vaccinated. The second dose of the vaccine is given 6 to 12 months later.

10 false vaccine myths. Protect your children!

It is very important that children receive the vaccine , as this will help them to get rid of diseases that can be very serious, such as disability or death.

To deal with the avalanche of misinformation that is increasingly leading parents to refuse vaccines, we present ten FALSE MYTHS with scientific arguments that refute them.

FALSE myths … and real facts

FALSE MYTH 1: “In better hygienic conditions, diseases will disappear, so vaccinations are not needed.”

The point is that the diseases that are being vaccinated against will reappear if vaccination programs are interrupted. While good hygiene, hand washing and drinking water can help protect people from infectious diseases, many of them can still spread.If people were not vaccinated, some diseases that became rare, such as polio or measles, would spread quickly .

FALSE MYTH 2: “Vaccines have some harmful and long-term side effects that have not yet been studied.”

The point is that vaccinations are safe . Reactions that occur when they are injected are usually mild and temporary, such as pain in the arm or fever.

Serious health problems are extremely rare .The consequences of a vaccine preventable disease can be much more serious. For example, in the case of polio, the disease can cause paralysis, measles can cause encephalitis and blindness, and some infections that can be prevented by vaccination can be fatal.

FALSE MYTH 3: The combination diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio vaccine can cause sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

In fact, there is no causal relationship between vaccine administration and sudden infant death , although these vaccines are administered at a time in which the child may be suffering from SIDS.

In other words, death from SIDS coincides with vaccination and can occur even if vaccinations have not been given . It is important to remember that these four diseases can be fatal and that an unvaccinated newborn is at serious risk of death or disability.

FALSE MYTH 4: “Diseases that can be prevented by vaccination are practically eradicated in our country, so there is no reason for vaccination.”

In fact, although vaccine-preventable diseases are rare in many countries, the infectious agents that cause them continue to spread in some parts of the world.Everything on the planet is interconnected, so these agents can cross geographic boundaries and infect any unprotected person. For example, as of 2005, measles outbreaks were reported in Western Europe in unvaccinated populations in Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Switzerland. Another example is that in countries where the number of vaccinations against whooping cough has decreased (countries such as Japan or Sweden), cases of pertussis have risen alarmingly to and, worse, the number of deaths and neurological complications caused by the disease.

FALSE MYTH 5: “Vaccine-preventable childhood illnesses are inevitable in life.”

The point is that vaccine preventable diseases do not have to be “something inevitable in life”. Diseases such as measles, mumps and rubella are serious and can cause serious complications in both children and adults, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, blindness, diarrhea, ear infections, congenital rubella syndrome (if a woman gets rubella at the beginning pregnancy) and death. All of these diseases and suffering can be prevented by vaccinations.

FALSE MYTH 6: “Taking multiple shots at the same time can increase the risk of side effects in children and overload their immune systems.”

In fact, according to scientific research, the simultaneous administration of several vaccines does not have any side effects on the child’s immune system .

In addition, the simultaneous administration of vaccinations has the advantages of requiring fewer outpatient visits, which saves time and money and increases the likelihood that children will complete the recommended vaccination schedule.In addition, the possibility of receiving a combination vaccination, for example against measles, mumps and rubella, implies fewer injections.

FALSE MYTH 7: “The flu is just a minor nuisance, and vaccination against it is not very effective.”

The fact is, the flu is more than just a nuisance. It is a serious disease that causes 300,000 to 500,000 deaths each year worldwide 90,245. Pregnant women and young children in particular are at high risk of serious infection and death.Vaccination of pregnant women has the added benefit of protecting newborns (there is currently no vaccine for children under six months of age).

The vaccine is effective against the three most common strains in the season. This is the best way to reduce your chances of getting a serious flu and infecting others.

FALSE MYTH 8: “The acquisition of immunity as a result of illness is better than after vaccination.”

The point is that vaccines interact with the immune system and produce a response similar to that which would cause a natural infection, but not cause illness or expose the immunized person to the risks of possible complications.

FALSE MYTH 9: “Vaccines contain mercury, which is hazardous to health.”

Thiomersal (an organic salt containing ethyl mercury) has previously been used in the manufacture or preservation of some vaccines due to its antimicrobial properties. However, already , over the course of several years, the amount of thiomersal used was reduced or completely eliminated by , since it was replaced by other compounds.

Currently, virtually none of the vaccines used in the vaccine schedules of the Spanish Autonomous Communities contain significant amounts of this substance.