What are the potential benefits and risks of consuming kava tea. How does kava affect the body and mind. What precautions should be taken when using kava products.

What is Kava and How Does it Work?

Kava, scientifically known as Piper methysticum, is a plant native to the South Pacific islands. For centuries, Pacific Islanders have used kava in traditional ceremonies and for its relaxing properties. The beverage or extract made from the kava plant’s roots contains compounds called kavalactones, which are believed to be responsible for its effects on the brain and central nervous system.

Kavalactones interact with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. This interaction is thought to produce kava’s calming and anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects. The unique blend of kavalactones in kava can induce a sense of relaxation without significantly impairing cognitive function, making it an attractive alternative to alcohol for some individuals seeking stress relief.

Traditional Preparation and Modern Forms

Traditionally, kava is prepared by grinding the plant’s roots into a paste and mixing it with water or coconut milk to create a beverage. In modern times, kava is available in various forms, including:

• Dried root powder
• Capsules and tablets
• Liquid extracts
• Pre-made teas
• Standardized extracts

The method of preparation and consumption can influence the onset and intensity of kava’s effects. Traditional water-based extractions are often considered the safest and most effective way to consume kava, as they contain a balanced profile of kavalactones.

Potential Benefits of Kava Consumption

Research into kava’s potential therapeutic applications has yielded promising results in several areas. While more studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and risks, current evidence suggests that kava may offer the following advantages:

Anxiety Reduction

One of the most well-documented benefits of kava is its potential to alleviate anxiety. Studies have shown that kava extracts may be as effective as some prescription anti-anxiety medications in reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) when taken for at least five weeks. This natural alternative could be particularly appealing to individuals seeking non-pharmaceutical options for managing anxiety.

Stress Relief

Many people turn to kava for its stress-reducing properties. The calming effects of kavalactones can help promote relaxation and ease tension without causing significant cognitive impairment. This makes kava an attractive option for those looking to unwind after a long day or manage the pressures of daily life.

Sleep Aid

While research is limited, some studies suggest that kava may help improve sleep quality and reduce insomnia symptoms. The relaxing effects of kava could potentially help individuals fall asleep more easily and experience more restful sleep. However, more research is needed to fully understand kava’s impact on sleep patterns and its potential as a natural sleep aid.

Mood Enhancement

Some users report experiencing improved mood and a sense of well-being after consuming kava. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, it’s thought that kava’s interaction with neurotransmitter systems in the brain may contribute to these mood-enhancing effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and understand the long-term effects of kava use on mood and emotional well-being.

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Kava Use

While kava has been used safely for centuries in traditional contexts, concerns have been raised about its potential side effects and risks, particularly when used in high doses or for extended periods. It’s important to be aware of these potential issues:

Liver Toxicity Concerns

One of the most significant concerns surrounding kava use is its potential impact on liver health. In the early 2000s, reports of liver damage associated with kava consumption led to its ban in several countries. However, subsequent research has suggested that these cases may have been rare and potentially linked to other factors, such as:

• Use of kava products made from parts of the plant other than the root
• Interactions with medications or alcohol
• Pre-existing liver conditions
• Genetic factors affecting kava metabolism

While the risk of liver toxicity appears to be low when kava is used responsibly, individuals with existing liver problems should avoid kava. Regular users should also be aware of potential signs of liver damage, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or abdominal pain.

Drowsiness and Impaired Coordination

Kava can cause drowsiness and impair motor coordination, particularly at higher doses. This can make activities such as driving or operating machinery dangerous. It’s crucial to avoid consuming kava before engaging in any activities that require full alertness and coordination.

Gastrointestinal Issues

Some users may experience gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, upset stomach, or diarrhea, especially when consuming large amounts of kava or using it on an empty stomach. Starting with lower doses and consuming kava with food may help mitigate these effects.

Skin Changes

Long-term, heavy use of kava has been associated with a condition called kava dermopathy, characterized by dry, scaly skin. This condition is typically reversible upon discontinuation of kava use. However, it’s important to monitor for any unusual skin changes and consult a healthcare provider if concerns arise.

Precautions and Contraindications for Kava Use

While kava may offer potential benefits, certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid its use altogether. Consider the following precautions:

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Kava is not recommended for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. The active compounds in kava may affect the uterus and can pass into breast milk, potentially harming the developing fetus or infant. It’s crucial for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals to avoid kava and consult with their healthcare provider about safe alternatives for relaxation and stress relief.

Interactions with Medications

Kava can interact with various medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Some important interactions to be aware of include:

• Sedatives and anti-anxiety medications: Kava may enhance the effects of these drugs, potentially leading to excessive sedation.
• Medications metabolized by the liver: Kava may affect how the liver processes certain drugs, altering their concentration in the body.
• Drugs that can cause liver damage: Combining kava with medications known to affect liver function may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using kava, especially if you are taking any medications or have underlying health conditions.

Pre-existing Liver Conditions

Individuals with a history of liver disease or current liver problems should avoid using kava. The potential risk of liver toxicity, even if rare, makes it inadvisable for those with compromised liver function to consume kava products.

Parkinson’s Disease

Some research suggests that kava may worsen symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Individuals with this condition should avoid kava use and consult with their neurologist about appropriate management strategies.

Alcohol Consumption

Combining kava with alcohol is not recommended, as both substances can have sedative effects and may impact liver function. The interaction between kava and alcohol could potentially increase the risk of adverse effects and impair judgment and coordination to a greater extent than either substance alone.

Dosage and Administration of Kava

Determining the appropriate dosage of kava can be challenging due to variations in product quality, concentration, and individual response. However, some general guidelines can help ensure safer use:

Recommended Dosage Range

For anxiety relief, clinical studies have typically used doses ranging from 70 to 280 mg of kavalactones per day, divided into multiple doses. However, it’s important to note that the optimal dose can vary based on factors such as body weight, individual sensitivity, and the specific kava product being used.

Starting Low and Going Slow

For those new to kava, it’s advisable to start with a low dose and gradually increase it as needed. This approach allows you to assess your individual response and minimize the risk of adverse effects. Begin with the lowest recommended dose on the product label or as advised by a healthcare professional.

Duration of Use

While some studies have used kava for up to six months without significant adverse effects, long-term safety data is limited. It’s generally recommended to use kava for shorter periods or intermittently, rather than as a daily, long-term supplement. If you’re considering using kava for an extended period, consult with a healthcare provider to weigh the potential risks and benefits.

Forms of Administration

Kava can be consumed in various forms, each with its own considerations:

• Traditional preparation: Mixing kava root powder with water or coconut milk
• Capsules or tablets: Convenient for precise dosing
• Tinctures or liquid extracts: Allow for flexible dosing but may have a higher alcohol content
• Tea bags: Pre-measured for convenience but may have lower potency

Choose a form that aligns with your preferences and lifestyle, keeping in mind that traditional water-based preparations are often considered the safest option.

Quality Control and Product Selection

The safety and efficacy of kava products can vary significantly based on factors such as cultivation practices, processing methods, and quality control measures. To minimize risks and maximize potential benefits, consider the following when selecting kava products:

Noble Kava Varieties

Opt for products made from “noble” kava varieties, which are traditionally considered safer and more effective. These varieties have been used for centuries in the Pacific Islands and are less likely to contain potentially harmful compounds found in some wild or “tudei” kava varieties.

Root-Only Products

Choose kava products made exclusively from the root of the plant. Some of the reported cases of liver toxicity have been associated with products that included other parts of the kava plant, which may contain higher levels of potentially harmful compounds.

Third-Party Testing

Look for products that have undergone third-party testing for quality and purity. Reputable manufacturers often provide certificates of analysis that verify the kavalactone content and absence of contaminants.

Standardized Extracts

For more consistent dosing, consider standardized kava extracts that specify the kavalactone content. This can help ensure you’re getting a reliable amount of the active compounds with each dose.

Organic Certification

When possible, choose organic kava products to minimize exposure to pesticides and other potentially harmful chemicals. Organic certification can provide an additional layer of quality assurance.

Monitoring and Managing Kava Use

If you decide to incorporate kava into your wellness routine, it’s important to approach its use mindfully and monitor for any potential side effects or changes in your health. Consider the following strategies:

Keep a Usage Journal

Maintain a record of your kava consumption, including the dosage, frequency, and any effects you experience. This can help you identify patterns and optimize your use while staying aware of any potential issues.

Regular Health Check-ups

If you’re using kava regularly, consider scheduling periodic check-ups with your healthcare provider. This may include liver function tests to ensure your liver health remains stable.

Listen to Your Body

Pay attention to how your body responds to kava. If you experience any unusual symptoms or discomfort, discontinue use and consult with a healthcare professional.

Avoid Dependence

While kava is not considered addictive in the same way as some substances, it’s possible to develop a psychological dependence on its effects. Use kava mindfully and avoid relying on it as your sole method of stress relief or relaxation.

Integrate with Other Wellness Practices

Consider using kava as part of a broader approach to wellness that includes other stress-reduction techniques, such as meditation, exercise, and healthy sleep habits. This can help minimize the risk of overreliance on any single method.

By approaching kava use with caution and awareness, individuals can potentially enjoy its benefits while minimizing risks. Remember that while kava has a long history of traditional use and some promising research behind it, it’s not without potential drawbacks. Always consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating kava or any new supplement into your routine, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications.

Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Overview

Kava is a beverage or extract made from the Piper methysticum plant. In the South Pacific, it’s a popular drink that is used in ceremonies for relaxation.

The name “kava” comes from the Polynesian word “awa,” which means bitter. Kava affects the brain and other parts of the central nervous system. Chemicals called kavalactones that are found in kava are believed to be responsible for its effects.

People commonly use kava for anxiety. It’s also used for stress, withdrawal from drugs called benzodiazepines, sleeping problems, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses.

Cases of liver damage and even some deaths have been linked to kava use. Because of this, kava was taken off the market in Europe and Canada in the early 2000s. But after reviewing the evidence, most countries have allowed kava to return to the market. Kava was never taken off the market in the US.

Uses & Effectiveness ?

Possibly Effective for

• Anxiety. Taking kava by mouth for at least 5 weeks seems to reduce anxiety and might work as well as some prescription anti-anxiety medications.

Possibly Ineffective for

• A type of persistent anxiety marked by exaggerated worry and tension (generalized anxiety disorder or GAD). Taking kava by mouth doesn’t seem to improve symptoms of GAD.

There is interest in using kava for a number of other purposes, but there isn’t enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Side Effects

When taken by mouth: Kava is possibly safe when taken for up to 6 months. Using kava can make it difficult to drive or operate machinery safely. Do not take kava before you plan on driving. “Driving-under-the-influence” citations have been issued to people driving erratically after drinking large amounts of kava tea.

People might have heard that using kava can cause liver damage. This seems to be rare and is most often linked to long-term use of very high doses. Most people who have used kava haven’t experienced liver toxicity. Also, past cases of liver toxicity might not be due to kava. Other factors may have contributed to these toxic effects.

Special Precautions and Warnings

When taken by mouth: Kava is possibly safe when taken for up to 6 months. Using kava can make it difficult to drive or operate machinery safely. Do not take kava before you plan on driving. “Driving-under-the-influence” citations have been issued to people driving erratically after drinking large amounts of kava tea.

People might have heard that using kava can cause liver damage. This seems to be rare and is most often linked to long-term use of very high doses. Most people who have used kava haven’t experienced liver toxicity. Also, past cases of liver toxicity might not be due to kava. Other factors may have contributed to these toxic effects. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Kava is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth while pregnant or breast-feeding. It might affect the uterus while pregnant. Also, some of the chemicals in kava can pass into breast milk and might hurt a breast-fed infant. Avoid using it.

Liver disease: People who have liver problems should avoid kava. It might make liver disease worse.

Parkinson disease: People who have Parkinson disease should avoid kava. It might make this condition worse.

Surgery: Kava affects the central nervous system. It might increase the effects of anesthesia and other medications used during and after surgery. Stop using kava at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions ?

Major Interaction

Do not take this combination

• Kava might cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Some medications, called sedatives, can also cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Taking kava with sedative medications might cause breathing problems and/or too much sleepiness.

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

• Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Kava might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

• Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Kava might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

• Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Kava might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

• Some medications are moved in and out of cells by pumps. Kava might change how these pumps work and change how much medication stays in the body. In some cases, this might change the effects and side effects of a medication.

• Kava might harm the liver. Some medications can also harm the liver. Taking kava along with a medication that can harm the liver might increase the risk of liver damage.

• Haloperidol is broken down by the liver. Kava might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down this medication. This might increase the effects and side effects of haloperidol.

• Ropinirole is broken down by the liver. Kava might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down this medication. This might increase the effects and side effects of ropinirole.

• Using kava with alcohol might increase the effects of alcohol on the central nervous system. This might increase the risk for some side effects, such as drowsiness and mood changes. Also, kava might harm the liver. Taking kava along with alcohol might increase the risk of liver damage.

Minor Interaction

Be watchful with this combination

• Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Kava might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

• Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Kava might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

• Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Kava might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

Dosing

Kava is available in many different types of products, including teas and other beverages. Kava extracts have most often been used by adults in doses of 150-400 mg by mouth daily for up to 2 years. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.

View References

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CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.

Kava – Better Health Channel

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Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• Kava is a drug made from the ground roots of a plant found in the South Pacific.
• It is taken as a drink, supplement or extract.
• Long-term kava use may be associated with a range of problems including apathy, weight loss and liver damage.

Kava is a drug made from the ground roots of the plant Piper methysticum, a member of the pepper family that also includes black pepper. It is a native plant found in the South Pacific.

Kava can be taken as a drink or as a supplement or extract. Traditionally the root is crushed, ground or powdered and soaked in water to be drunk as a tea. This tea is often consumed socially and as part of traditional ceremonies and cultural practices throughout the South Pacific Islands.

In small doses, the effects of kava include muscle relaxation, sleepiness and feelings of wellbeing. However, long-term use of kava can lead to a range of health problems, including malnutrition, weight loss and apathy.

Australian laws and kava imports

From 1 December 2021 kava can be imported into Australia for commercial purposes with no limit on quantity.

People aged over 18 years entering Australia can bring in up to four kilograms of kava in their accompanied baggage (although local restrictions mean that kava cannot be brought into the Northern Territory).

The Commonwealth Government will monitor and evaluate the relaxing of laws for importing kava for two years, commencing 1 December 2021.

Read more about kava import restrictionsExternal Link.

Kava – effects on the body

The active chemicals in kava are known as kavalactones. Variations in growing conditions (such as soil type and the amount of sunlight and water available) and different varieties of plant mean that the strength of kavalactones can vary widely.

The strength of a dose of kava also depends on how the drink is prepared and how much powdered kava is added to the water.

Kava is a central nervous system depressant. Even though there is no alcohol in kava, it can produce similar symptoms to drunkenness, including difficulty with balance, and slurred speech.

The effects of kava on your body can depend on:

• your body size
• your general health
• if you have taken kava before
• the strength and amount taken
• if you are taking other drugs at the same time.

Common effects include:

• for small doses – relaxed muscles, sleepiness, feelings of wellbeing and relaxation, mild loss of feeling in the throat and mouth, appetite loss
• for larger doses – dilated pupils, reddened eyes, nausea, drowsiness, reduced muscle control (ataxia).

Kava is dangerous for some people

It’s dangerous to take kava in combination with other psychoactive drugs or alcohol. There is little information on how kava interacts with other medication, so it’s best to avoid kava if you are taking any prescription medicine.

Do not take kava if you:

• are pregnant
• are breastfeeding
• are driving or operating heavy machinery
• are currently taking pharmaceutical medicine
• drink large quantities of alcohol
• have a pre-existing heart, lung or liver condition.

Children should not take kava.

Problems from long-term use of kava

In the long term, kava use may cause a wide range of problems including:

• breathing difficulties
• visual changes, including sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• slight alterations to blood cells, including white and red blood cells, and platelets
• liver damage
• compromised immune function
• kidney damage
• contact dermatitis – causing scaly, flaky rash on the skin
• appetite loss, leading to malnutrition and weight loss
• loss of drive and motivation
• worsened symptoms of pre-existing mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.

Kava withdrawal risk is low

There is no evidence to suggest people who regularly drink large doses of kava become dependent. Because of this there doesn’t seem to be a risk of withdrawal if a person suddenly stops taking kava. However, medical supervision is recommended.

Medicinal uses of kava

In 2003, products containing kava were banned in most European countries, because of concerns about its possible toxic effects on the liver. In Australia, all products containing kava were temporarily withdrawn, following the death of one person from liver failure.

This restriction was withdrawn after a review by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in 2005External Link. As a result of that review, products with standardised amounts of kava, such as in supplements and teabags, became available in Australia.

Products with kava can be used for stress, anxiety and insomnia. If you are thinking about taking kava for medicinal purposes, be sure to contact a healthcare professional first.

Seek medical advice for kava symptoms

Immediately seek medical advice if you experience any symptoms while taking preparations containing kava. Symptoms may include:

• appetite loss
• extreme tiredness
• raised body temperature
• nausea and vomiting
• abdominal pains
• brown-coloured urine
• unusual bruises or bleeding
• yellowing of the eyes or skin (jaundice).

Where to get help

• Your GP (doctor)
• Alcohol and Drug FoundationExternal Link – list of help and support services in Australia, Tel. 1300 858 584
• DirectLineExternal Link – for 24-hour confidential drug and alcohol telephone counselling, information and referral, Tel. 1800 888 236

• Rychetnik L, Madronio CM, 2010, ‘The health and social effects of drinking water-based infusions of kava: a review of the evidence’External Link, Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 74–83
• Clouatre, DL 2004, Kava kava: examining new reports of toxicityExternal Link, Toxicology Letters, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 85–96
• Lucie, R & Christine M., M 2011, The health and social effects of drinking water-based infusions of kava: a review of the evidenceExternal Link, Drug and Alcohol Review, no. 1, p. 74
• Krueger GP, Leaman HM, Bergoffen, G, et al. 2011 ‘Effects of psychoactive chemicals on commercial driver health and performance: stimulants, hypnotics, nutritional, and other supplements’External Link, Transportation Research Board, USA.

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Content disclaimer

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 12-08-2022

Kava root: more risks than benefits?

Kava root – what is it?

If there was a substance that could fight cancer cells and still have side effects, would you like to know more about it? If yes, then you should get to know the kava root better.

Naturally, you will be wondering if it really will do more good than harm? Let’s look at all the advantages and disadvantages of this controversial medicinal plant in more detail.

What is kava?

Kava, or intoxicating pepper ( Piper methysticum ), is a plant from the Pacific Islands. The name “kava” comes from the Tongan and Marquesas cultures. This plant is also called “aua” (Hawaii), “ava” (Samoa), “yakuona” (Fiji), “sakau” (Pohnpei), and “malok” or “malogu” (Vanuatu regions).

The roots of the plant are used to make a drink with sedative, anesthetic and entheogenic properties. Kava is consumed in all Pacific cultures of Polynesia, including Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia, and parts of Micronesia. Its active ingredients are called kavalactones.

Pepper Root has been used in Oceania for centuries as a medicine, as well as a relaxing and ceremonial drink. However, it is worth knowing that it has a number of features.

On the one hand, it is considered a natural cancer treatment that blocks tumor growth and has a chemopreventive effect. On the other hand, there is evidence of damage and development of liver diseases, as well as deaths, which may be associated with the ingestion of kava root.

Health benefits

Intoxicating Pepper Root is most commonly used to combat anxiety, stress, restlessness, and to treat insomnia. It is also used for symptoms of ADHD, epilepsy, psychosis, depression, migraines, chronic fatigue syndrome, colds and other respiratory infections, tuberculosis, muscle pain, and cancer prevention. Kava root can be effective for urinary tract infections, uterine pain and inflammation, sexually transmitted diseases, menstrual discomfort, and to increase sexual arousal.

And that’s not all. Kava root is applied to the affected areas of the skin in various skin diseases such as leprosy, to speed up wound healing and as a pain reliever. It also helps with eye problems.

Pepper is also used to make toothpaste and medicated mouthwash. It is surprising that with such a wide range of possibilities, kava has not yet become the most popular drug. However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expressed concern that the use of kava supplements is associated with a risk of serious liver damage. Therefore, it is important to study all the facts.

1. May fight cancer

Flavocavains are secondary metabolites present in kava root that may have anti-cancer properties. Research has examined the toxicity of kava and monitored the results of cellular adaptation in human hepatocytes.

To study resistance to oxidative stress, the cells were subjected to pretreatment. Some results showed significant cell death. This suggests that kava root may be effective as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.

2. May reduce the size of a tumor in the prostate gland

A study published in the journal Oncotarget showed that the compounds in capsicum were able to inhibit the growth of certain defective cell lines. Further studies revealed that dietary feeding of kava to mice with autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma of the prostate (TRAMP) inhibited the formation of lesions and adenocarcinomas of the prostate, reduced tumor, and completely eliminated metastasis to other organs.

The results suggest that the agents found in kava may be effective inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.

This makes kava root a good remedy for improving the condition of the prostate in general and reducing the chance of prostate cancer in particular.

3. Strengthens the immune system

Flavocavain extracts have powerful anti-inflammatory effects. One study sought to find agents that are able to stimulate the immune system without affecting homeostatic balance, while determining the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of flavocavain A and flavocavain B (agents found in kava root) in Balb/c mice.

As a result, all mice after the treatment period were normal. It is likely that the compounds did not cause any intoxication.

Thus, intoxicant pepper root can be used as an immune booster.

4. Helps fight breast cancer

Kava is reported to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. We all know that the state of the immune system and the inflammatory processes that can develop in the body play a key role in the development of cancer.

A study conducted in Malaysia aimed to understand the mechanisms of action of kava root in regulating and strengthening immunity, as well as suppressing inflammatory processes in mice with breast cancer. It is worth noting that the treatment with kava resulted in a decrease in the weight and volume of the tumor. At the same time, the level of inflammation also decreased.

Overall, these results indicate that Pepper Root can not only protect against tumor development, but also prevent inflammation in a carcinogenic microenvironment.

5. Fights anxiety

Generalized anxiety disorder is a chronic condition in which there is a high level of psychological stress. As a rule, it is difficult to treat for a long time. Some studies claim that kava root can treat anxiety without being addictive or hypnotic.

Cochrane International reported on additional research evaluating data on the effectiveness of kava root extract as a natural remedy for anxiety. Twenty-two potentially relevant, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trials were identified. Twelve trials met the inclusion criteria and showed that kava extract helped reduce anxiety.

All adverse reactions reported were of moderate severity. These findings suggest that pepper extract may be an effective treatment for the symptomatic treatment of anxiety.

6. Improves sleep quality

Kava began to gain popularity in the 1990s as an herbal remedy for people suffering from insomnia and anxiety. We know that about 50% of the world’s population suffers from insomnia at one time or another. Herbal preparations, including kava root, are becoming increasingly popular when it comes to combating sleep disturbance.

In a study conducted by the School of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Rochester in the United States, six herbal remedies that affect sleep were studied, including caffeine, chamomile, cherries, intoxicating pepper, L-tryptophan, marijuana, and valerian root. Although no significant results have been obtained, kava and kava-based drinks have shown sedative effects.

Kava root and kratom

Another plant, kratom, has properties similar to those of kava, which we discussed above. Kava and kratom are often compared to each other, as both plants have a relaxing effect. However, kratom is better known for its ability to energize and calm the mind. While kava is popular for its intoxicating and euphoric effects.

Both plants grow in southeast Asia. For medicinal purposes, kava root and kratom leaves are used to make tea.

Since plants have different mechanisms of action, taking them together has a stronger effect, since they both:

• cause a feeling of euphoria
• give satisfaction
• increase attention
• reduce stress

Here’s how each plant works:

Kava:

• Moderate intoxication
• Improve mood, relieve anxiety and increase sociability
• Effects on GABA receptors
• Dopamine receptor stimulation
• Use of plant root

Kratom:

• Small dose stimulant and higher dose sedative
• Removing anxiety
• Stimulation of μ(mu)-, δ(delta)-opioid receptors
• Effects on serotonin and norepinephrine receptors
• Use of plant leaves

How to cook

Now, to make a drink from intoxicating pepper, the root is ground or rubbed, and then soaked in cold water or coconut milk. In the past, the root was chewed, spit into a bowl, and poured into water or coconut milk. For hygienic reasons, this method is, of course, no longer used.

On the market, kava root is available in dry form, powder, capsules, tablets, tea, or tincture. Western experts recommend purchasing standardized kava extracts that contain at least 70% kavalactones.

On the other hand, a report made in April 2002 by the UK Medicines Safety Board claims a large number of side effects due to the high concentration of plant compounds in standardized extracts. The report states that traditional methods of preparing kava make it safer. It is likely that controversy regarding the safety of this plant will still continue.

Side effects and risks

When choosing kava in any form, it is important to consider all the risks. During pregnancy and lactation, and if you are taking any medications, it is better to avoid kava, or consult your doctor before using it. The plant may have an effect on the uterus.

If you have symptoms of depression, kava may aggravate your condition. Since pepper intoxicants affect the central nervous system, it can enhance the effect of anesthesia or other drugs used during or after surgery. The use of the plant should be discontinued at least two weeks before surgery.

It is also very important to follow the correct dosage. It depends on a number of factors, including age, health status, and symptoms. The quality of kava products should be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist before use.

Addictive

Since kava has a significant relaxing effect, the plant can be addictive. However, the likelihood of this happening is quite low. In many countries, intoxicating pepper is considered a plant anxiolytic and is used in large doses to restore the body in the tribes of the Pacific and Australian Aborigines.

The recommended dosage for the treatment of non-psychotic anxiety is 105 to 210 mg per day for 3 to 4 weeks. Among the most common adverse reactions are dizziness, headache, drowsiness, depression, diarrhea, and rarely skin rash.

Precautions to be taken

Viral resistance

Health care professionals have so much information regarding herbal and laboratory drug interactions that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a likely interaction and a clinically significant one. Thus, for pharmacotherapy in HIV/AIDS, reliable data are still insufficient.

A review by the University of Mississippi School of Pharmacology, USA, provides evidence for a potential interaction of medicinal plants with specific antiretrovirals. And some herbal preparations can have a significant effect on the human body.

This study suggests that many herbal medicines such as St. John’s wort, black pepper, grapefruit juice, yams, ginkgo, garlic, ginseng, goldenseal and yams should not be taken in combination with some antivirals. This is important to know in order to avoid the influence of herbal preparations on laboratory preparations, which can lead to viral resistance.

Liver injury

Oral ingestion of intoxicating pepper may not be safe. Even a short-term intake of the plant at the recommended dosage can cause the development of a number of serious diseases, including liver damage. It has been reported that taking kava for 1-3 months can lead to the need for a liver transplant and even death. The first signs of liver damage include yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin (jaundice), fatigue, and dark urine.

We advise you to monitor the condition of the liver while taking kava. The severity of liver damage ranges from mild elevation of enzyme levels to acute liver failure. In most cases, the effects of liver damage resolve within 1-3 months after the herbal product is stopped. However, there are data on liver transplantation in some patients.

Not recommended for driving

Do not use intoxicating pepper if you are driving vehicles or machinery. Do not take kava if you plan to drive. Large amounts of kava tea can lead to erratic driving and an accident on the road.

A study by the University of Auckland School of Public Health in New Zealand analyzed the available literature examining the association between kava consumption, car accidents and driving style. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the extent to which kava affects driving ability or related injuries.

Four experimental studies using driving simulators examined the effect of pharmacological doses of cavalactors on cognitive and visuomotor functions. The results showed a slight slowdown in the reaction. But one study found a significant deterioration in visuomotor function when kava was taken with alcohol.

History

The kava plant, which means “intoxicating pepper”, got its name from explorer James Cook. However, he did not open it. The plant has been used by the Pacific Islanders for thousands of years.

Today, in the South Pacific, kava is a popular drink that can be compared to alcohol. However, it still plays an important role in various rituals and ceremonies. One study found that kava consumption is heavily associated with many ceremonial, social, and cultural aspects of Tongan culture.

Kava has healing properties, promotes communication and building relationships between Tongan men (an alternative to alcohol). However, men interviewed for the study also reported negative effects of kava. For example, they mentioned feeling lazy, tired, and very expensive in New Zealand.

However, the plant is one of the most important social pillars of Melanesian society. For more than 1000 years, it has been used at various social events to prepare drinks with a relaxing effect. During the period of colonization, the plant became known in Western countries, and the extracts began to be used for medicinal purposes. However, after the publication of a series of case reports, liver toxicity in 1999-2000, the plant began to cause serious concern.

Interesting facts

Kava is a tropical shrub native to the Pacific Islands. The plant belongs to the Pepper family and is also known as the intoxicating pepper. The shrub grows on average up to 1.5 m in height, has large heart-shaped leaves, reaching 25 cm in width.

Pacific Islanders drink kava at social, ritual and ceremonial occasions to feel relaxed and euphoric. It is enjoyed at meetings by village elders, it is used as an offering to the gods, to treat illnesses, and to welcome guests of honor (among them were Pope John Paul II, Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and American politician Hillary Rodham Clinton).

It is believed that the chemical compounds present in the intoxicating pepper have anxiolytic, analgesic, relaxing and anticonvulsant effects mediated by effects on the limbic system (the part of the brain associated with emotions). Studies have shown that the concentration of kava in the product, the type of preparation, the pyrone content of the kava, and the plant variety used can affect the effectiveness of the drug.

The plant is found in the Western and South Pacific and is most commonly referred to simply as “kava”, meaning “bitter”. The active ingredients are kavapirones (kavalactones), which, like alcohol, promote relaxation and sociability while maintaining mental clarity. Kava has been proposed as an anxiolytic for use by patients with anxiety disorders, as well as to combat insomnia, premenstrual syndrome, and stress.

Given all its possibilities, it is not surprising that cases of abuse of kava have been recorded. However, when used at recommended dosages, this happens very rarely. Recently, the safety of intoxicating pepper products has been in great doubt due to reports of its effects on the liver and cases of death. The use of kava has been banned or restricted in many countries, including Germany, Switzerland, France, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

Data on the hepatotoxicity of the plant is still insufficient, although a small number of convincing cases have been recorded. Despite this, kava is still available in pharmacies and online in many forms, from pills to powders.

Conclusion

• Kava Root helps fight cancer, reduce the size of prostate tumors, boost immunity, fight breast cancer, reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality.
• Side effects of kava include addiction, viral resistance, liver damage, and effects on driving ability.
• Kava and kratom are often compared to each other, as both plants have a relaxing effect. However, kratom is better known for its ability to energize and calm the mind. While kava is popular for its intoxicating and euphoric effects. Since plants have different mechanisms of action, their combined use has a stronger effect.
• Experts still argue about the safety of kava root, but the benefits of taking it (at the recommended dosage) still outweigh the risks. It is important not to abuse the products and strictly follow the instructions for use, as kava is addictive.

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10 benefits, tea recipes and contraindications

Kava, or more common name Kava-Kava is known throughout the world as an effective sedative. This shrub plant is 2-5 m high. It grows on the islands of the Pacific Ocean – in Hawaii, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti and New Guinea.

A valuable part of kava is its massive rhizomes, which can weigh 10 kg or more. The older the plant, the more its roots are valued, as they become more fragrant and effective.

The plant has been used by the local population for over 3000 years. Being a powerful sedative, kava is widely used in the nutritional supplement market. The extract of this plant is available in the form of capsules, gels, tablets and tinctures. Also, this unique plant is known for its analgesic properties.

Table of contents of article

What is kava?

Kava has other names such as: sakau, yakona and ava . It is cultivated on the islands of the Western Pacific. Scientific name – píper methýsticum , meaning “ intoxicating pepper “. If you are interested in learning more about this plant, then this article is for you!

Kava – 10 Health Benefits

Kava roots are used to prepare the psychotropic drink of the same name, which has a sedative effect. Substance kavalactone , which is part of kava, relaxes and gives a slight feeling of euphoria, but at the same time maintains clarity of mind. Beneficial effects on health are possible only when consumed in moderation. To date, there is no unequivocal data on the required dosage. However, it is not recommended to take more than 300 mg per day. Below are the main health benefits of kava:

1. Kava calms the nerves

   Cava drink calms and slightly intoxicates the body. There is a feeling of happiness, the muscles and psyche relax, emotional overstrain decreases.

2. Relieves pain

   Kava root is an excellent analgesic. It is used to relieve arthritis pain and muscle spasms. With regular use, you can get rid of chronic pain with fibromyalgia.

3. Treats spasms

   Research on an unusual plant suggests that its use will eliminate or relieve muscle cramps and menstrual pain.

4. Kava fights stress

   Kava extract is psychotropic, so it can be used in the treatment of people prone to depression and chronic stress. It helps to cope with anxiety, depression, irritability, increased excitability of the nervous system and dizziness. Studies have shown that kava kava helps with panic attacks and heart palpitations, as well as senile disorders and low work capacity.

5. Helps with addiction

   The fight against alcohol, tobacco or drug addiction is a rather complex problem. With a sedative and tranquilizing effect, kava helps to quickly break the habit of using harmful substances and cope with overcoming 90,097 drug withdrawal symptoms.

6. For problems with the genitourinary system

   Since ancient times, kava root, thanks to its antifungal, antispasmodic and diuretic properties is used to treat various infections that affect the bladder and urinary tract.

7. Helps to quickly recover from a stroke

   Kava is well known for its ability to limit the area of ​​the brain affected by stroke or coronary disease. This means that if the brain is not severely damaged, then the recovery period will be quick and easy.

8. Natural remedy for insomnia

   The excellent sedative effect makes it possible to use kava in traditional medicine for the treatment of sleep disorders. The miraculous extract soothes the nervous system and relaxes the body. The indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands have long made a drink that gave deep sleep. However, the use of kava as a sleep aid should be under the advice of a specialist.

9. Kava is good for women’s health

   Menopause is one of the most difficult stages in a woman’s life. She faces enough problems, both physically and psychologically. The root of an unusual plant is endowed with antispasmodic, analgesic, firming and analgesic properties. Together, all these qualities can help women to successfully survive the period of menopause.

10. Helps fight cancer

    Research on this root has shown a possible role in the treatment of leukemia and ovarian cancer. As a natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, kava root can be used along with non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen to relieve pain. In addition to this, the sedative properties of this root promote rapid falling asleep, which will result in a partial analgesic effect. All this will help patients to alleviate their condition and cope with the disease.

Interesting facts about kava tea

1. Calming tea

Kava kava, a plant native to Polynesia. Its roots are used to make a relaxing and soothing tea. The drink relaxes muscles, ensures good sleep, reduces stress and makes a person more talkative. It is curious that such tea is often offered at important state meetings and weddings. In various stressful situations, such as a death in the family, tea is suggested to calm the nervous system and reduce the likelihood of conflicts.

2. Iced tea cup

The active ingredients in kava are usually destroyed at temperatures above 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, when making tea, it is recommended to use a thermometer. It is important that the temperature of the decoction does not exceed 120 degrees F. Proper preparation of the drink will preserve the beneficial properties.

There is a wonderful recipe for making tea. Add root powder or whole roots to a pot of water (depending on your preference). Heat up to a temperature of 120 (maybe a little less) degrees Fahrenheit. The finished broth should be infused for about an hour. Tea is best drunk cold to experience all its beneficial qualities.

3. Tea base

One way to prepare a drink would be to use liquids that are higher in fat than water as a base. soy,

coconut

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or cow’s milk can increase the extraction rate and strength of the tea. In addition, such liquid bases can improve the texture and taste of tea. If you need to increase the amount of time for brewing tea, you can dilute the broth with water.

4. Proper preparation of tea

As soon as the liquid in the pot is hot, add the root powder and close the lid. When preparing tea from milk, it should be boiled for 30 minutes, to give even more strength – 45 minutes. After the tea has reached the desired state, it should not be overheated. Fluid temperature should not exceed 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

When preparing iced tea, the root powder should be dipped in a cold liquid and kept in the refrigerator overnight to improve the taste. It is very important that the root of the plant is well crushed. In this case, all the benefits of kava will be extracted. Before drinking tea, strain the prepared liquid through a sieve, cheesecloth or coffee filter to retain the root powder.

How to make kava tea

There are many ways to make tea from this plant. People familiar with this plant firsthand prepare tea in their own way. However, there are general methods for preparing this tea:

1. Method 1 – Kava Powder Tea

In general, kava powder is readily available from health food stores. There are many types of kava, all of which are produced under different names. Only by trial and error can you find a good manufacturer.

The first thing to do is pour the powder into the water. However, immediately before drinking, it will be necessary to filter the finished drink so that it turns out clean, without sediment. If you are not embarrassed by the presence of some fibers in the tea, then filtration is optional.

The amount of powder added depends on your preference. The more powder there is, the stronger and more effective the decoction will be.

2. Method 2 – use strainer

The powder must be poured into the water while mixing thoroughly. If necessary, you can use a blender for large amounts of powder, or use a spoon to prepare a drink for one cup.

Leave the mixture for 10 minutes. After that, filter the tea through a strainer. It is worth noting that conventional filters do a poor job of doing their job, so it is better to use gauze.

3. Method 3 – Mix

Take a shallow dish and fill it with the required amount of water (three glasses will suffice). Pour the desired amount of powder into the center of a clean piece of gauze. Fold the fabric with the powder in such a way that you get a bag. Drop this bag into a bowl. It is important that the powder is only inside and does not fall into the water. At the end, remove the gauze from the container. Remove the powder from the tissue and squeeze as much liquid out of it as possible.

4. Method 4 – kava tea bags

In addition to root powder, there are tea bags. They can also be used to make delicious tea, while retaining the kava effect. Using tea bags instead of powder is the easiest and most time-saving option for making tea. There are also nutritional supplements that contain kava. It is important to make sure that these supplements contain the kava extract and not just the dried and powdered root. Powder without any processing has no effect and nutritional value for the body.

How to make kava kava tea bags

1. Pour boiling water over 1-2 sachets.
2. Let stand for 5-10 minutes.
3. Cool water is recommended as water temperatures over 140 degrees Fahrenheit can cause the kavalactone substance to lose its properties.

Who should not use kava, contraindications

Kava is not recommended for pregnant and lactating women, people with alcohol dependence and those taking antibiotics. If you are taking medication, be sure to consult your doctor.

Side effects of kava

Kava root is extremely toxic and should not be consumed for more than 3 consecutive months.