What are the different types of enemas available. How are enemas used in medical settings. What are the potential side effects of using enemas. When should enemas be avoided.

What is an Enema and How Does it Work?

An enema is a medical procedure that involves injecting liquid through the rectum into the lower bowel. This technique has been used for centuries, evolving from its historical form known as a clyster. While the equipment has changed over time, the fundamental principles and purposes remain largely the same.

The primary function of an enema is to introduce fluid into the colon, which can help stimulate bowel movements, cleanse the area, or deliver medication. The liquid is typically retained for a short period before being expelled, along with any fecal matter or other contents of the lower bowel.

Common Uses of Enemas in Modern Medicine

Enemas serve various purposes in contemporary medical practice. Some of the most common applications include:

• Treating constipation by stimulating bowel movements
• Cleansing the colon for hygiene purposes or in preparation for medical procedures
• Preparing the bowel for X-ray imaging
• Administering medication directly to the lower intestinal tract
• Maintaining bowel hygiene in certain medical conditions

It’s important to note that while enemas can be effective, they are often considered a more intensive treatment option. In many cases, healthcare professionals may recommend milder alternatives such as stool softeners, bulk-forming laxatives, or oral solutions before resorting to an enema.

Types of Enemas: Understanding the Differences

There are several types of enemas, each designed for specific purposes. Understanding these differences is crucial for their safe and effective use.

Cleansing Enemas

Cleansing enemas are primarily used to clear the bowels and digestive organs. They can be categorized into three main types:

1. Large volume cleansing enema (500 to 1000 mL): This type uses a substantial amount of solution to cleanse the colon and most of the large intestine. However, it’s important to note that large volume enemas may potentially cause damage to the external tissue of the bowels.
2. Small volume cleansing enema (50 to 200 mL): These are more suitable for younger users or elderly patients who may have more sensitive bowel tissue. This type rarely causes complications in children.
3. Packaged pre-disposable enema: These are designed for home use and come in single-use packages, often containing sodium phosphate solutions. While convenient, they can potentially cause water and electrolyte imbalances, which can be particularly dangerous for elderly individuals.

Retention Enemas

A retention enema involves introducing a specific solution into the bowel with the intention of it being absorbed. Unlike cleansing enemas, the solution is held in for a period of time without immediate expulsion. This type of enema is often used for medication administration, allowing time for the colon to absorb the solution despite potential discomfort.

Coffee Enemas

Coffee enemas have gained attention in alternative health circles, with some proponents claiming they can treat cancer or have antioxidant effects. However, it’s crucial to understand that these claims are not supported by scientific research. While some believe coffee enemas can improve digestion by stimulating bile release, this effect has only been observed in people drinking coffee orally.

A small pilot study involving 34 patients needing endoscopy showed that those treated with a coffee enema had better imaging results. However, it’s important to approach these findings with caution, as more extensive research is needed to confirm any potential benefits.

Salt Water Fleet Enema

Fleet enemas, which use a solution of sodium phosphate or sodium chloride mixed with water, are primarily used for colonoscopy preparation and constipation relief. These enemas stimulate bowel movements within minutes of administration. Studies have shown that they are more effective in bowel cleansing for colonoscopy preparation compared to their oral equivalents, with similar side effect profiles.

Barium Enema

A barium enema is a specialized type used in X-ray imaging to examine and evaluate the lower intestinal tract. The barium solution helps provide clearer and more accurate imaging results. When performed by trained medical professionals using proper equipment and techniques, complications from barium enemas are very rare.

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Enema Use

While enemas can be beneficial when used appropriately, they also carry potential risks and side effects that users should be aware of:

• Kidney problems
• Rectal bleeding
• Dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Bowel perforation (in rare cases)
• Infections (if equipment is not properly sterilized)

Coffee enemas, in particular, may pose additional risks such as burns (if the coffee is too hot) and irritation of the bowels due to coffee compounds. In extreme cases, severe electrolyte imbalances from frequent coffee enema use have led to fatalities.

When to Use Caution with Enemas

Certain individuals should exercise extra caution or avoid enemas altogether unless under direct medical supervision. These include:

• Elderly individuals (due to increased risk of electrolyte imbalances)
• Children (especially with large volume enemas)
• People with kidney problems
• Individuals with heart conditions
• Those with a history of bowel obstructions or perforations
• Pregnant women

Do enemas pose risks for certain medical conditions? Yes, enemas can be particularly risky for individuals with certain health issues. For example, those with inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis should avoid enemas unless specifically recommended by their healthcare provider. Similarly, individuals with hemorrhoids or anal fissures may experience increased discomfort or bleeding from enema use.

The Importance of Medical Supervision in Enema Use

Why is medical supervision crucial when using enemas? Medical supervision is essential when using enemas for several reasons:

1. Proper technique: Healthcare professionals can ensure the enema is administered correctly, minimizing the risk of injury or complications.
2. Appropriate solution: A medical professional can determine the right type and amount of solution for your specific needs.
3. Monitoring for side effects: Healthcare providers can watch for and quickly address any adverse reactions.
4. Individualized care: Medical supervision allows for customization of the procedure based on your health status and medical history.

How often should enemas be used? The frequency of enema use should be determined by a healthcare professional. Overuse of enemas can lead to dependence, electrolyte imbalances, and other health issues. In general, enemas should not be used regularly without medical advice.

Alternatives to Enemas for Digestive Health

What are some safer alternatives to enemas for maintaining digestive health? While enemas can be effective for certain conditions, there are often safer and less invasive alternatives available:

• Dietary changes: Increasing fiber intake and staying hydrated can naturally improve bowel function.
• Regular exercise: Physical activity can stimulate bowel movements and improve overall digestive health.
• Over-the-counter laxatives: Mild laxatives or stool softeners can be effective for occasional constipation.
• Probiotics: These can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome and promote regular bowel movements.
• Lifestyle modifications: Establishing a regular bathroom routine and managing stress can positively impact digestive health.

How do these alternatives compare to enemas in terms of effectiveness? While enemas may provide more immediate relief in some cases, these alternatives often offer more sustainable long-term solutions for digestive health. They work by addressing the underlying causes of digestive issues rather than providing temporary relief.

The Future of Enema Use in Medicine

As medical science advances, the role of enemas in healthcare continues to evolve. While traditional uses such as bowel preparation for procedures remain important, researchers are exploring new applications and refining existing techniques.

How might enema use change in the future? Some potential developments include:

• More targeted medication delivery: Enemas could be used to deliver medications directly to specific areas of the colon, potentially improving treatment efficacy for certain conditions.
• Improved solutions: Research into new enema solutions may lead to more effective and gentler options with fewer side effects.
• Enhanced diagnostic tools: Advances in imaging technology may lead to more sophisticated uses of contrast enemas for diagnostic purposes.
• Personalized approaches: As medicine becomes more individualized, enema protocols may be tailored more precisely to each patient’s needs and physiology.

What role might enemas play in emerging treatments? Some areas of ongoing research include:

1. Microbiome modulation: Enemas could potentially be used to introduce beneficial bacteria or other substances to positively influence the gut microbiome.
2. Cancer treatment: While coffee enemas have been debunked for cancer treatment, researchers are exploring other ways enemas might aid in delivering targeted therapies to colorectal cancers.
3. Immune system support: Some studies are investigating whether certain types of enemas could help support immune function in the gut.

As with all medical procedures, it’s crucial that any new applications of enemas undergo rigorous scientific testing to ensure safety and efficacy before being widely adopted.

Debunking Myths and Misconceptions About Enemas

Despite their long history in medicine, enemas are often surrounded by myths and misconceptions. Let’s address some of these:

Myth: Enemas can cure cancer

This is a dangerous misconception, particularly regarding coffee enemas. No scientific evidence supports the use of any type of enema as a cancer treatment. Cancer patients should always follow evidence-based treatments recommended by oncologists.

Myth: Regular enemas are necessary for colon health

The colon is self-cleaning and doesn’t require regular enemas for maintenance. In fact, frequent enema use can disrupt the natural balance of the gut microbiome and potentially lead to dependence.

Myth: Enemas are a safe way to lose weight

While enemas may cause temporary weight loss due to fluid loss, this is not a safe or effective method of weight management. Any weight lost through enemas is quickly regained once you eat or drink.

Myth: Home enemas are always safe

When not performed correctly or used too frequently, home enemas can lead to serious complications. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider before attempting any home enema procedure.

How can patients distinguish between factual information and myths about enemas? Here are some tips:

• Consult reputable medical sources and peer-reviewed scientific literature
• Be wary of claims that seem too good to be true or promise “miracle” cures
• Discuss any information you find with your healthcare provider
• Look for evidence-based recommendations rather than anecdotal reports
• Be skeptical of sources that promote enemas as a cure-all or necessary for general health

By understanding the facts about enemas and their appropriate uses, patients can make informed decisions about their health care in consultation with medical professionals.

4 Uses of Enema + Side Effects

Historically called clyster, an enema is a procedure that has been utilized for centuries. This procedure has been used for a variety of reasons such as constipation, bowel disorders, and colon cleansing.

Today, an enema is performed in a medical setting or even at home. Keep reading to learn about the different types, uses, and clinically proven benefits of this procedure.

What Is an Enema?

An enema is a procedure in which liquid is injected through the rectum, expelling its contents into the lower bowel.

This procedure has been used for centuries in different forms. Although the apparatus has changed throughout the years, the basic principles of how and why it is used remain the same.

What are Enemas Used For?

Some people may feel uncomfortable by the thought of an enema. However, it may be effective in restoring digestive function and other health problems. Its most common uses and benefits include:

• Bowel stimulant (constipation treatment)
• Colon cleansing (hygiene and colonoscopy preparation)
• X-ray imaging (preparation)
• Medication administration
• Bowel hygiene

However, milder treatments (such as stool softeners, bulk-forming laxatives, drinking solutions, and suppositories) are preferred whenever possible. Because enemas may cause serious side effects such as kidney problems, rectal bleeding, and dehydration if improperly used, it’s important to use them only as directed by a conventional doctor.

You may find information online about certain types of enemas (e.g., coffee enema) having antioxidant effects and treating cancer, but this is not supported by scientific research [1, 2].

The rest of this article will give you a guideline on the different types of enema, as well its associated uses and side effects.

Types of Enema

Cleansing Enema

A cleansing enema is used to cleanse the bowels and digestive organs.

The 3 main types of cleansing enemas include:

• Large volume cleansing enema (500 to 1000 mL): Enema solution (differs depending on the purpose of enema) cleanses the colon and most of the large intestine. This type of enema may cause damage to the external tissue of your bowels [3].
• Small volume cleansing enema (50 to 200 mL): For younger users or elderly patients who may have more sensitive external tissue in their bowels. This rarely causes complications in children [4].
• Packaged pre-disposable enema: These are enemas designed for use at home for users who can do it themselves. These single-use packages come with sodium phosphate solutions. The largest side effects of these are water and electrolyte imbalances, which can be dangerous for the elderly [5].

Retention Enema

A retention enema is when a specific solution is released into the bowel to be absorbed. This is held in for varying periods of time without expulsion of any of the solution. Even though it may be quite uncomfortable, holding it in allows time for the colon to absorb most of the solution (e.g. medication administration).

Coffee Enema

There is some circulation of information that reports that coffee enemas can treat cancer and have antioxidant effects. These both have been disproven in scientific research, so you must be wary when hearing about such uses of coffee enemas [1, 2].

Proponents of coffee enemas also claim that they improve digestion by stimulating the release of bile, although this effect has only been observed in people drinking coffee [6, 7].

In a pilot study of 34 patients (who needed an endoscopy), those treated with a coffee enema had better imaging results [8].

Importantly, coffee enemas may cause serious health complications, especially if used without medical supervision. In addition to those common to other types of enemas (such as digestive issues from bowel stretching, infections from improperly sterilized kits, and electrolyte imbalances), coffee enemas may cause burns (if the coffee is still hot) and irritation (from coffee’s compounds) in the bowels. Two women even died due to severe electrolyte imbalance from frequent coffee enema use [9, 10, 11, 12].

Salt Water Fleet Enema

Fleet enemas are primarily used for the preparation of a colonoscopy and for constipation. The bowel-cleansing solution of sodium phosphate or sodium chloride mixed with water stimulates bowel movements within minutes of the enema. It is more effective in bowel cleansing for colonoscopy preparation than its oral equivalent, with both having similar side effects (dehydration and electrolyte imbalance) [13].

Barium Enema

A barium enema is an X-ray imaging preparation that physicians use to examine and evaluate the lower intestinal tract. The barium solution used helps provide more clear and accurate imaging results. If proper equipment and careful techniques are used by your medical caregiver during this procedure, complications are very rare [14, 15].

Mineral Oil Enema

Mineral oil enemas are used to treat constipation and to clean out the intestines and digestive organs. For older adults, this type of enema is recommended over fleet enemas. Its use with fleet enema has also been reported to help remove large tar burns [16, 17].

Mechanism of Action

The general mechanism of enemas causes increased pressure and potential irritation of the external tissue in your bowels and anus. Although this may cause harmful effects, enemas are proven to be safe if used correctly [18].

Phosphate Enema

Phosphate enemas (one type of fleet enema) cause stimulation of the external tissue in the bowels. This solution is more concentrated than the layer below the external tissue (hypertonic solution), resulting in the movement of water outside the tissue. This causes pressure changes that ultimately help bowel movements [18].

Salt Water, Tap Water, and Soap Suds Enema

These types of enema solutions also increase pressure in the bowels, promoting evacuation. When used in small volumes, these enemas are less irritating than phosphate enemas [18].

Mineral Oil Enema

Commonly composed of glycerin, this enema causes water movements (osmosis) within the bowels that promote defecation [18].

How to Use an Enema

1) Relieving Constipation

The normal amount of time between bowel movements differs from person to person. Many individuals have constipation, which causes increasingly uncomfortable symptoms the longer it remains untreated. Constipation becomes more prevalent as individuals grow older, and negatively impacts the quality of life [16].

Enemas are an effective procedure to treat constipation. Although the most common treatments are laxatives, enemas may be just as useful. A variety of enema treatments are available, and each of them has characteristics that help in specific cases [19].

Once the enema solution is administered through the anus, it is held there to allow time for the solution to get absorbed and mix with the stool. This softens the stool, and voluntary evacuation of the solution after a few minutes normally results in immediate relief [19].

In an observational study on over 500 children with constipation treated with an enema of small volume soap suds, more than 80% showed positive results without any complications. In an additional study on 79 children with constipation, salt water enema treatment resulted in 62% of the children reporting relief [4, 20].

In another study, over 200 people with constipation were treated with only a milk and molasses enema in the emergency department. Bowel evacuation was successful in 88% of these patients, including 82% of those who had failed to respond to other treatments [21].

2) Cleansing the Colon

Colon cleansing has become increasingly important with the expansion of colon screening. The cleaning is required to ensure that certain aspects of colon screening are not missed due to poor visualization [22].

In one clinical trial, 1,200 patients scheduled for barium x-ray imaging were given an enema for colon cleansing. Given a combination of laxatives and water purge, 52% to 80% of their colons were clean. When an additional tap water enema was given an hour before a colon examination, 96% of the colons were clean of fecal matter [23].

In an observational study, a group of 123 patients who also required a barium X-ray were given cleansing enemas to clean their colon. Patients who completed more rounds of enema had significantly less fecal matter present in their bowels [24].

The average person has a variety of bacteria and fecal matter buildup in the colon. Although this may only result in no or slight complications such as bloating, some people believe this can lead to more serious problems such as chronic diseases.

Although there is a widespread practice of colonic cleansing among some natural health practitioners, there is no evidence to support its use to improve and promote health [25].

3) Helping Diagnose Colon Disease

A double-contrast barium enema is a useful technique utilized by health professionals to get x-ray visualizations of the colon and rectum. A high-quality examination can be completed in most patients, which makes it a powerful tool for the recognition and diagnosis of any underlying problems in the colon and rectum [14].

This type of enema is less invasive than a colonoscopy, which would be the alternative visualization technique. If a barium enema is completed after a colonoscopy, it allows for complete colonic evaluation and diagnosis [26].

In one study, 190 patients with a neoplastic disorder referred for a double-contrast barium enema by a physician were given a colonoscopy. The researchers found that enema may give false positives while colonoscopy may have technical difficulties. They concluded that both techniques are beneficial for visualization, with each having its own drawbacks [27].

In an observational study, over 100 people who had just received an incomplete colonoscopy subsequently received a barium enema. The barium enema revealed the entire colon of 94% of the patients. Additionally, this technique allowed the detection of abnormalities not found in the colonoscopy in 14 patients [26].

Barium enema visualization is best used to detect bulges in the wall of the large intestines (diverticular disease). However, there are superior techniques than a barium enema to detect polyps and inflammatory bowel disease. The optimal method to detect complications is to use a combination of visualization techniques (barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy) [27, 28].

4) Drug Administration

Enemas can be used to administer drugs through the rectum. This method of drug administration may be useful when the right solution is used. They can be designed specifically for full-body administration (systemic) of the drug, or just for the adjacent tissue (local). An additional advantage is being able to maximize local drug concentrations in the colon [29].

Two of the most commonly used types of enemas for drug administration are sucralfate enemas and vancomycin enemas. Sucralfate is frequently used to treat gut diseases, while vancomycin is an antibiotic [30, 31].

In one observational study, 22 people with inflamed colons were given sucralfate enemas twice a day for 3 weeks. Afterward, 19 of the 22 patients demonstrated clinical improvements. In another study, 6 people with rectal ulcers were given sucralfate retention enemas for 6 weeks. Four of the patients had complete relief of symptoms, while the other 2 experienced marked improvements [32, 33].

A retrospective chart review of 47 people with severe colon infections (Clostridium difficile colitis) was treated with a colonic vancomycin enema. Seventy percent responded with full recovery and thus did not require surgery [34].

Side Effects

There are a variety of different side effects associated with different types of enemas. Because some of them can be dangerous, it’s important to use enemas only as directed by a reputable practitioner and immediately report any unwanted effects caused by their use.

The most common side effects include:

• Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration
• Bowel damage
• Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythms)
• Sepsis
• Kidney damage
• Increased chance of HIV for MSM

Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration is the most common side effect associated with phosphate enemas. One trial in adults found severe electrolyte shifts in the blood following phosphate enemas. A 90-year old patient given enemas to treat constipation showed severe signs of dehydration [35, 36].

It is critical that a patient using phosphate enemas promptly evacuates, because electrolyte disturbances (hyperphosphatemia) may be life-threatening [18, 37].

Cleansing enemas can perforate and damage the bowels. In a clinical trial on 24 healthy volunteers, those using soap sud and tap water solution enemas damaged the outer skin layers of their bowels. Perforation, electrolyte imbalances (hyperphosphatemia), and sepsis may cause death in up to 4% of the cases (especially in the elderly) [3, 37].

There is a case of a 72-year old patient who got a colonic perforation during a barium enema due to an excess of barium being used. Damage and perforation of the bowels are preventable but not rare [38].

Cases of arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythms) have resulted from the use of different enemas. Out of 58 patients over 60 years old, 40% developed new arrhythmias during a barium enema. Additionally, non-hazardous heart arrhythmia is possible during small-bowel enemas in elderly patients.

There have been incidents of sepsis (systemic infection) in small infants as a result of contrast enemas. In an observational study of 160 premature babies who received contrast enemas during intensive care, 21 were reported to have clinical sepsis [39].

Kidney failure is prevalent among elderly people who undergo fleet enemas. Eleven elderly patients received fleet enemas for constipation. Kidney failure was found in all the patients after the enema, 5 of whom died as a result [40].

Studies have associated HIV incidence and recent enema use. In one report, over 95% of HIV-positive MSM in their sample used an enema before anal sex and 45.8% used an enema afterward [41].

Interactions

To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. Talk to your healthcare provider to find out how enemas might interact with something else you are taking.

Given the effect of fleet enemas on the kidneys, electrolytes, and bowels, there may be some interactions with other drugs you are taking [35, 40, 3].

Most painkillers (i.e., ibuprofen) put a strain on the kidneys as well. If you are taking painkillers in conjunction with performing fleet enemas, it is recommended to consult your doctor to make sure it is safe to do so, as they both can cause kidney damage [42].

Additionally, since enemas stimulate bowel movements, most drugs taken orally may not be digested as effectively as they would normally. A change in the rate of stomach emptying alters the absorption amount of orally ingested drugs. Faster digestion may cause less drug absorption, making the drug less effective [43].

Laxatives should not be taken while performing enemas, as they may result in extreme discomfort and possible damage to the bowels.

Limitations and Caveats

Although a great deal of clinical research has been conducted on the use of different types of enemas, there are still drawbacks. Most of the clinical data and published papers come from before 2000, and updated research has not been conducted with new experimental designs. Additionally, aside from the barium contrast enema, many lingering questions in the medical community remain on whether or not enemas are fully effective and safe.

User Experiences

The opinions expressed in this section are solely those of enema users who may or may not have medical or scientific training. Their reviews do not represent the opinions of SelfHacked. SelfHacked does not endorse any specific product, service, or treatment.

Do not consider user experiences as medical advice. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare providers because of something you have read on SelfHacked. We understand that reading individual, real-life experiences can be a helpful resource, but it is never a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified healthcare provider.

One user suffered from eight years of IBS. Already taking co-codamol every day for the last 3 years, the user tried a salt water enema in desperation after watching a YouTube video. The user reported now only occasionally taking co-codamol, and using a fleet enema 2 or 3 times a week, which provided him with immense relief.

Another user used a fleet enema in preparation for a sigmoidoscopy. The user reported it was extremely painful, made them sick to their stomach for hours, and caused them to suffer from chills, shakes, increased heart rate and cramping even after bowel emptying.

An 18-year-old with chronic constipation shared a more mixed review. The user found out about fleet enemas and decided to give it a chance since it was very affordable. Although he found it to be extremely uncomfortable, it worked within minutes and cleaned out his whole colon. The user reported to be very sore and shaky, but finds it much more bearable than the constipation, cramping, and bloating previously experienced.

Do enemas hurt? Uses and how to administer

Using an enema involves sending fluid through the anus into the bowels. It may cause discomfort and stomach cramps but should not be painful.

In this article, we look at when and why an enema might be painful, how to use one safely, and more.

Share on PinterestHaving an enema, such as a barium enema (pictured), may be uncomfortable but should not be painful.

As researchers behind a 2020 analysis confirm, a person can expect possible discomfort, not pain, from an enema.

Also, for a short time after an enema, a person may experience stomach cramps, the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) note.

A person should seek medical care if they experience any of the following during or after an enema:

• severe pain
• persistent pain
• any other symptoms, such as bleeding

Some people experience discomfort or mild pain when using an enema. If pain persists or other issues, such as rectal bleeding, arise, seek medical advice.

Discomfort due to an enema is typically mild and harmless, and it should resolve within 1 hour. For example, some people experience:

• dizziness
• nausea
• faintness
• stomach cramps
• anal irritation

Anyone who starts to feel faint or dizzy should lie down.

Not all enema products are safe for everyone. Before using any type of enema, check with a doctor.

A water enema is safe for most people, provided that the person:

• uses a product that a doctor recommends
• ensures that the product is from a reliable manufacturer
• follows the instructions carefully

A person may experience adverse effects if they administer the product incorrectly or use a liquid or device that is unsafe.

When a person uses an enema incorrectly, it can cause internal tissue damage and infection.

Other complications can include:

• proctitis, which is inflammation of the lining of the rectum
• bowel perforation
• electrolyte imbalances
• disruption of the gut’s microbiota

There are various medical uses of an enema. For example:

• A person may need to use an enema before a doctor can examine their bowels.
• Barium enemas can help the bowels show clearly on an X-ray.
• Enemas can also help with chronic constipation.
• A doctor may perform an enema before a procedure, such as a colonoscopy.
• A doctor may also use an enema to administer medication.

Also, some people regularly use enemas to purify their bodies, because they believe that toxins build up in the lower part of the bowel.

However, as the Canadian Society of Intestinal Research point out, this buildup only occurs in people who are severely constipated.

Pregnant women sometimes use enemas when they go into labor, believing that an enema reduces the duration of childbirth.

However, the World Health Organisation (WHO) do not recommend this, due to a lack of evidence and because having an enema may contribute to discomfort during labor.

In addition, some people use enemas for sexual stimulation, which is called klismaphilia.

The liquid that an enema contains can vary, depending on the purpose. The fluid may be:

• Barium sulfate: This coats the lining of the lower gastrointestinal tract, helping the area to be clearly visible on an X-ray.
• Castile soap and water: Some research, such as this 2017 study, has found soap sud enemas to be safe.
• Sodium phosphate: While this type of enema can help ease constipation, using it incorrectly may cause dehydration and harm the kidneys and heart.
• Mineral oil: This type of enema can also help relieve constipation.

Enemas containing coffee are popular in some countries, such as Thailand, where they play a role in treatment programs for various conditions.

For example, some people use enemas to help treat:

• various types of cancer
• asthma
• chronic constipation
• migraine
• urticaria
• allergies
• obesity

However, the evidence for these uses is limited or lacking.

When self-administering an enema, a person should:

1. Prepare the area. Lay a towel on the floor in or near the bathroom, and warm the enema bottle in a bowl or sink filled with warm water.
2. Hold the bottle upright so that no liquid spills, and remove the lid from the nozzle.
3. Many enemas come with a lubricated nozzle, but a person can add lubricating jelly at this point.
4. Lie down sideways on the towel and bring the knees up toward the chest in a position that feels comfortable.
5. Slowly push the nozzle into the anus.
6. When the nozzle is inserted about 7 centimeters, gently squeeze the bottle so that the fluid enters the anus.
7. After all of the fluid has entered the body, remove the enema and turn over onto the back, still lying on the towel.
8. Keep the fluid inside until it is no longer possible. When the fluid is water, this is usually around 5 minutes, but the wait may be longer when using other liquids.
9. When it becomes too difficult to hold the fluid in, use the toilet. On the first try, nothing may happen, and this is normal.
10. After passing stool, stay near the bathroom for the remainder of the hour, until any effects wear off completely. If a person feels light-headed, they should lie down on the towel.
11. Do not try to use the same enema a second time.

Call a doctor if complications arise.

After using the enema and passing stool, it is best to remain near the bathroom for the remainder of the hour, as multiple bowel movements may be necessary, and the feeling may be urgent.

The effects of the enema should wear off after 1 hour, though some discomfort may last longer.

Some people may mistake an enema for a colonic. Other names for a colonic include colon hydrotherapy and colon irrigation.

A person can use an enema at home, but a colonic takes place at a clinic.

Also, an enema can contain various fluids, but a colonic only uses warm water. During a colonic, roughly 60 liters of water circulates through the bowel.

There appears to be no scientific evidence to show that a colonic has any health benefits.

As with enemas, some adverse effects of a colonic can include:

• stomach pain and cramping
• bloating
• diarrhea
• dizziness
• anal irritation

More severe side effects can include:

• dehydration
• infection
• bowel perforation
• kidney failure
• heart failure

A person with any of the following health issues should not have a colonic:

• anemia
• high blood pressure
• ulcerative colitis
• Crohn’s disease
• anal fissures
• rectal bleeding
• kidney disease
• heart conditions

A person can expect that they may feel some discomfort due to an enema. Adverse effects, such as stomach cramping and anal irritation, should go away on their own.

However, if any adverse effect is severe or persistent, see a doctor.

The complications of an enema can be severe and include serious rectal bleeding or a condition called hemorrhagic colitis. Some people require blood transfusions or surgery to remove their colons, as a result.

After an enema, it is a good idea to check the stool for any bleeding.

An enema can serve many medical purposes, and some people use them as part of a regular cleansing routine.

The process involves sending fluid up into the colon via the anus to induce a bowel movement.

Beyond a handful of specific medical uses, there is very little evidence that enemas support health, though they have been administered as treatments for centuries throughout the world.

An enema is generally painless and simple to use, as long as the person carefully follows the instructions on the package.

However, enemas can cause discomfort, adverse effects, and complications. A person should consult a doctor before using one at home.

Q:

What does having an enema feel like? What sort of sensations can a person expect?

A:

You can expect to feel an uncomfortable sensation at the onset of the enema, and you will feel a full sensation after the enema is underway. It is normal to feel fullness, then a sense of pressure to release your bowels, which means that the enema is working.

An enema should not feel painful, but it may feel uncomfortable and uneasy. It is important to try and relax, as this will ease the process.

— Harshil Matta, DO

Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

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Enema for hemorrhoids: when and how to use

Can (and should I) put an enema for hemorrhoids? Are there any contraindications? In what cases will an enema be beneficial, and when, on the contrary, will it be harmful? We answer popular questions.

When is an enema required?

Enema is a proven and effective cleansing agent. It cannot cure health problems such as constipation or hemorrhoids. But in some cases it is necessary.

Before examination and examination by a proctologist

If you plan to make an appointment with a proctologist to diagnose diseases of the anus, including internal or external hemorrhoids, then an enema must be done:

• A clean intestine is the key to the highest quality and accurate diagnosis.
• The absence of stool and gas in the rectum will help you feel more confident during the examination.

It is necessary to prepare not only for the first examination, but also for all return visits. This will allow the doctor to most accurately assess the dynamics of your condition during or after treatment.

If you plan to treat hemorrhoids

Preparation for removal of hemorrhoids includes examining the patient, improving bowel function, stopping food intake 5-6 hours before the procedure, and using a cleansing enema.

When is an enema available?

An enema is NOT a MEDICINE. With its frequent use, problems with the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract are possible – over time, the muscles simply “forget how” to work on their own. Therefore, without fail, it is used only before examination by a proctologist and before treatment. In rare cases, it can be used after the removal of hemorrhoids and with the simultaneous presence of hemorrhoids and constipation.

After removal of hemorrhoids

After removal of hemorrhoids, there is usually no need for an enema. The exception is the so-called “psychological constipation”. This is the fear of defecation after the procedure. In this case, an enema may be prescribed by a doctor. But more often, doctors still prescribe drugs (tablets, powders, drops) to treat constipation.

Hemorrhoids and constipation at the same time

In order to treat hemorrhoids successfully, the cause of the disease must be eliminated. Therefore, with constipation, the first thing to do is to establish the work of the digestive tract. For this, you should contact a gastroenterologist. If at the moment this is not possible, then as a first aid, you can resort to a cleansing enema. However, it should never be abused. And at the first opportunity, consult a gastroenterologist, get rid of constipation, and then turn to a proctologist for the treatment of hemorrhoids.

When is an enema forbidden?

A complete ban applies in two cases:

• in severe, unbearable pain in the anus;
• for profuse bleeding from the anus.

What to do about pain and bleeding?

For pain and bleeding, sign up for a clinic that provides patients with emergency proctology care, including without prior preparation for a proctologist’s appointment.

In most cases, getting rid of hemorrhoids and their symptoms is possible immediately, on the day of the first dose. Cleaned the rectum –> received first aid –> underwent diagnostics –> cured hemorrhoids. But in the absence of preliminary purification, this chain is broken. Diagnosis becomes impossible, which means that treatment is delayed.

Without preparation, you will receive first aid for hemorrhoids: they will eliminate pain and / or bleeding. Further, as soon as the symptoms become less pronounced, you will be advised to come again with a cleansed intestine in order to undergo a comprehensive examination and treatment.

How to give an enema

It is recommended to do an enema twice before the examination:

1. in the evening before the visit to the doctor;
2. in the morning three to four hours before the examination.

To carry out the procedure at home, you need to buy an Esmarch mug at any pharmacy. It is a rubber heating pad with a long tube and a smooth tip. The latter has a screw to regulate the water pressure.

In order to avoid injuries to the rectum, mucosa and the appearance of anal fissures, we recommend that you follow the instructions that you will find at the link https://alanclinic.ru/proctologiya/podgotovka-k-proctologia/#klizma_kruzhka_esmarha

If you cannot give an enema yourself

Most people can easily cope with the cleansing procedure. If there are any difficulties, then there are several ways to solve them:

1. Enlist the help of someone close to you.
2. Use a medical mini enema “Microlax”.
3. Get trained directly at the clinic. Many modern private medical centers provide this service. If this is important to you, specify this nuance when making an appointment with a proctologist.

Microlax Gel – a convenient alternative to enema

Due to the special oil solution contained in the gel, cleansing is gentle and fast.

Already 15 minutes after the injection of the gel into the rectum, a single bowel movement occurs. For constipation, it is recommended to cleanse twice. If the stool is regular, then in most cases one procedure is enough.

It is also convenient that with the help of a mini enema you can prepare for an examination in almost any conditions (at home, at work, etc.). In other words, in any place where there is a toilet room.

Read more about the use of microclysters Microlax read the article on the page https://alanclinic.ru/proctologiya/podgotovka-k-proctologu/#mikroklizma_mikrolaks

Water enema or Microlax – which is better?

There is probably no definite answer to this question – the choice always depends on the specific situation. To help you make your choice, here are the pros and cons of each of these methods.

Water enema – pros and cons of use

Benefits:

• A safe method of bowel cleansing (when done carefully and following the instructions).
• Effectively removes feces.
• For severe constipation and in the presence of large hard lumps, water is the most effective method, since medical microclysters may not cope.
• Small financial costs. To carry out the procedures, you need to buy an Esmarch mug once and use it repeatedly over many years.

Disadvantages:

• Giving yourself such an enema can be a difficult task, especially when you feel unwell, at a long pregnancy, if you have disorders of the musculoskeletal system, or even simply if your body is not flexible enough. Because of this feature, the procedure can take a long time.
• For some people, these procedures cause a feeling of fear or strong dislike.
• Often there are bursting pains and other unpleasant sensations.
• During bowel movements, water does not come out completely, part of the liquid remains on the inner walls of the rectum. Therefore, a person constantly feels a false urge to defecate, and with each attempt to empty the contents of the intestine, the liquid comes out in small portions, thereby creating certain inconveniences.
• The tip of Esmarch’s mug needs to be disinfected after each use to avoid accidental penetration of infection through microscopic breaks in the skin of the anus. And if several people in a family use one mug of Esmarch, then each family member should have their own tip.

Microlax – the pros and cons of using

Benefits:

• A safe product recommended even for newborns, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly. Of course, in the absence of allergic reactions to the substances contained in the preparation.
• There are no bursting pains, since the volume of the gel for a single application is only 5 ml.
• Easy to use. It is enough to insert a thin tip of the tube into the anus to a shallow depth, squeeze out the gel and carefully remove the tube. Then wait 15 minutes and empty the bowels as usual. If necessary, repeat the procedure using another tube.
• The gel is almost completely thrown out during defecation, so there are no further false urges to defecate.
• Easy to use. Almost any capable person, regardless of age, build and state of health, can cleanse the intestines on their own, without outside help.
• Sold in almost any pharmacy at affordable prices.
• Each tube is supplied with a disposable tip that does not require disinfection.

Disadvantages:

• Allergic reactions possible. At the first application, it is recommended to check the reaction by applying a small amount of gel to the elbow area. If there is an allergic reaction, it will appear within 5 to 30 minutes. With a positive allergic reaction, you must immediately take an antihistamine and stop further use. To select another drug, consult an allergist or dermatologist.
• With increased sensitivity, discomfort is possible (itching, burning in the anus or inside the rectum). Unpleasant sensations pass almost immediately after defecation.
• In rare cases, side effects such as abdominal pain and/or loose stools may occur. If these symptoms do not go away on their own within 2-3 hours, you should consult a gastroenterologist. If pain, burning, or loose stools are severe, seek emergency medical attention.

Is it possible to treat hemorrhoids with an enema?

The answer to this question is “Definitely not.” Even if you add a decoction of chamomile, potassium permanganate or any other healing agents to Esmarch’s mug, you, unfortunately, will not receive a magical healing enema. Neither hemorrhoids nor constipation can be cured with an enema!

Do not self-medicate, see a proctologist.

Treatment of hemorrhoids at Alan Clinic

• Non-surgical instrumental treatment of hemorrhoids is performed in all medical centers of the Alan Clinic Network.
• All our clinics are equipped with the latest equipment from leading Russian and foreign manufacturers.
• Reception is conducted by proctologists with many years of practical experience in the treatment of hemorrhoids of all stages, types and forms.
• We accept adult patients from 18 years old for diagnostics and treatment in the following cities: Moscow, Kazan, Izhevsk, Cheboksary.
• Most of our patients get rid of hemorrhoids in just 1 – 3 visits to the proctologist. Therefore, patients from other cities often turn to us.
• We work on the principle of “All Inclusive”. Immediately after the diagnosis is made, the doctor selects the optimal course of treatment. The price is fixed in the contract and does not change in the future, even if the patient needs more procedures or drugs than was originally agreed. The cost of the course of treatment includes absolutely everything necessary for the patient:
  • Local anesthesia;
  • Minimally invasive (bloodless) procedures for the treatment of hemorrhoids;
  • All necessary drugs for use in the clinic and at home;
  • All follow-up examinations and consultations with a proctologist;
  • Analyzes;
  • 24-hour telephone consultations with the attending physician or clinic consultants;
  • Additional procedures and/or drugs to promote tissue healing;
  • Proctologist follow-up free of charge after completion of treatment.
  • If necessary, the course of treatment can be extended at no additional cost.

We will be happy to help!

To sign up for diagnostics and treatment, select a city and go to the website of the selected clinic.

Alcohol enemas and falling off anuses: who was awarded the Shnobel and for what in 2022 . The ceremony usually takes place at Harvard University, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held online for the third year. The main theme of the ceremony was knowledge, therefore, in addition to the traditional 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollars, the award winners also received a PDF document by mail that they could print and assemble from it into a container to store all their knowledge. The mini-opera The Know-It-All Club was also dedicated to him, the arias of which were performed during breaks between awards.

Prizes have been awarded by Nobel Laureates Richard Roberts (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1993), Esther Duflo (Economics, 2019), Donna Strickland (Physics, 2018), Jerome Friedman (Physics, 1990) and others.

Applied Cardiology: The Heartbeat of Lovers

The award for research in medicine, and in particular cardiology, went to an international team that found out that incipient love is indicated by the synchronization of the heartbeat and sweating of the palms.

Similar physiological synchronization has previously been observed between mothers and their children during joint games – it is likely that synchrony can help strengthen social bonds in general, scientists say.

The mechanism underlying physiological synchrony is still unclear. But perhaps when people like someone, they unconsciously pay attention to micro-expressions, such as dilated pupils or blushing, and the body reacts by repeating these features.

Literature: why is it so difficult to read legal papers

Difficulties in reading legal documents like contracts arise not because the reader is unfamiliar with specific terminology, but because they are simply badly written – this is the conclusion reached by winners of the Ig Nobel Prize in Literature. After analyzing a corpus of texts of 10 million words, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Edinburgh confirmed that contracts are usually written much more complicated than other texts – they often contain passive voice, non-standard use of capital letters, syntactic structures are inconvenient for perception.

At the same time, as experiments with volunteers have shown, the lack of legal knowledge has little effect on the understanding of texts – it is the style of presentation that creates problems.

According to the authors of the work, lawyers should express their thoughts in a simpler way. However, to teach them to do this, you need to understand why they are prone to cumbersome and obscure language constructs.

Biology: scorpions with falling anuses

Some animals, including scorpions, can drop their tail in case of danger. Spanish biologists from the University of San Paolo found out how this behavior affects the reproductive success of scorpions of the genus Ananteris, which, when shedding their tail, lose about a quarter of their body weight and remain without part of the digestive tract, including the anus.

Since scorpions do not regenerate, after losing their tail, they are likely to die from constipation. However, several months pass before this moment, so the scorpion may still have time to find a mate and acquire offspring.

Observations have shown that the loss of the tail does not affect the running speed and other parameters of physical activity in the short term. For longer periods of time, the running speed decreased in males, but not in females.

Medicine: ice cream for side effects of chemotherapy

Chemotherapy for cancer is fraught with side effects, including oral mucositis – inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes. Researchers at the Medical University of Warsaw suggested that the frequency of its development can be reduced by cooling the oral cavity during the administration of drugs.

When patients received therapy, they were also required to slowly eat three servings of ice cream from the hospital cafeteria. Among them, mucositis developed two times less frequently than in the control group.

Although less than a hundred people participated in the study, medical experts believe the findings point to ice cream “cryotherapy” as a potentially effective way to combat at least one of the negative effects of chemotherapy.

Engineering: how many fingers it takes to turn a doorknob

Ig Nobel Engineering Prize winners from Japan’s Chiba Institute of Technology have calculated the exact diameter of a ball-shaped door handle (knob), in which a person holding it uses two fingers (up to 10 mm), three (up to 23-26 mm) and more, and also found out exactly how the fingers move when opening the door. Scientists propose to use the results for more accurate design of door handles.

“Many researchers in the design industry are studying this kind of unconscious human behavior,” said lead author Gen Matsuzaki during the broadcast.

Illustrating the essence of his work, he invited Nobel Prize winner in chemistry Barry Sharpless, who named the winner, to take his nose and try to turn, and then explain why he used two fingers.

Art History: Maya Alcohol Enemas

Dutch pharmacologist Peter de Smet and Latin American anthropologist Nicholas Helmuth published a study titled “A Multidisciplinary Approach to Ritual Enema Scenes on Ancient Maya Pottery” back in 1986, but it has only now attracted the attention of the Ig Nobel Committee.

After studying classic examples of Maya pottery, the researchers came to the conclusion that this people actively practiced rectal intoxication.

At the time of the study, the Maya were perceived as a non-substance abuse culture, but data collected before and after the study conclusively showed that the Mayan arsenal of alcoholic and narcotic substances was very wide, and the ways of using them varied.

Pottery depicting a man who is vomiting clearly demonstrates why the Maya chose rectal alcohol administration, the authors of the work say. Also, based on the plots, with the help of enemas, infusions of various colors, possibly possessing psychoactive properties, and tobacco were administered.

Physics: how to swim in formation if you are a duckling

Ducklings, moving after their mother duck, swim in a chain one after another. In 1994, the American physicist Frank Fish was the first to point out the possibility of conserving energy with such behavior. And recently, scientists from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland, together with colleagues from China, tried explain why this is happening. They received the award together with Fish.

The researchers calculated the resistance of the waves and found that when each duck in such a formation sticks to its place, a phenomenon of the so-called destructive interference occurs.

It leads to the fact that the duckling does not experience resistance from the oncoming waves – on the contrary, they push it forward. Starting from the third duck, the wave resistance gradually tends to zero, and a fine dynamic balance is achieved.

Each participant in such a swim transfers the energy of the waves further, to his companion following him, with virtually no loss.

According to scientists, designers of modern cargo ships can adopt the same principles, for example, equipping special water trains to carry more cargo without additional fuel costs.

Peace Prize: How to gossip

An algorithm that helps gossipers know when to lie and when to tell the truth, was developed by a large international group of psychologists with the participation of specialists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The researchers simulated several situations in which gossip spread was mutually beneficial, beneficial to only one of the participants, or beneficial to none.

In all four situations, the results were surprisingly similar. It was most beneficial for gossip volunteers to be honest if the effect of spreading gossip is as great as the significance of the interlocutor and the goal achieved for the gossip. If these indicators differed, it was possible to lie.

In a workplace where colleagues are highly interdependent and rely on each other to achieve a common goal, each person benefits from the success of others, the researchers cite an example. In such cases, gossip can be expected to be honest when honesty benefits the team, and dishonest when honesty can hurt the team.

“On the other hand, there are other situations where people are negatively interdependent. For example, you may be competing with a co-worker for a prestigious promotion and only one of you can get the job. In such situations, the failure of one person means the success of others. Such situations can be expected to lead to dishonest gossip to hurt colleagues, or honest gossip when the content of the gossip is already negative,” they added.

Economics: why success comes not to the talented, but to the lucky ones

No matter how talented and purposeful you are, your success is still determined by luck, Italian scientists from the University of Catania, laureates of the Ig Nobel Prize in Economics, believe .

The traits most often cited as leading to great success have a normal Gaussian distribution around the mean, the researchers found—thus, the average IQ is 100, but no one boasts an IQ of 1,000 or 10,000. Similarly, the case is with watches work – it is impossible to work a billion times more than anyone. But to earn – quite.

Talents, effort, and other factors are important, but success depends to a large extent on random luck, the researchers concluded. Even if a person has all the qualities necessary for success, but at the same time does not appear at the right time in the right place, then he will not achieve the expected heights.

Thus, scientists conclude, cause and effect have changed in Western culture.

Safety measures: how to shoot down moose

In Sweden alone, drivers knock down about 13 moose a day every day, which is dangerous not only for the animals themselves, but also for road users. Therefore, Magnus Gens of the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute designed elk dummy for car crash tests.

Gens approached the matter responsibly – he studied the anatomy of elk and deer, found out how it affects the physics of collisions.