Sinus infection: 11 symptoms and treatments

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A sinus infection, also called sinusitis, is a common and painful condition that causes stuffy, painful pressure in the nasal cavity.

Sinusitis affects around 31 million people in America each year. Most cases of sinusitis are due to a virus and will go away on their own. Viral sinusitis is contagious, so a person should take steps to avoid passing it on to others.

Bacteria, and in rare cases a fungus, might also cause sinusitis.

It can be challenging to tell sinusitis apart from a cold or allergy, so knowing the symptoms of a sinus infection can help a person find the best treatment.

This article looks at the symptoms and treatments of sinusitis and explains how to tell the difference between a sinus infection and a cold.

The characteristic symptoms of a sinus infection include:

1. Sinus pain and pressure

Fluid trapped in the sinuses can fill the sinus cavities, causing intense pain and pressure. The sinuses may be sensitive to the touch. A person may have an urge to sneeze but be unable to do so.

The pain can be in the cheeks, around the eyes and nose, or in the forehead because these areas are where the sinuses are. Bending over may make the pain worse.

Sometimes, the pressure and pain are intense enough to interfere with sleep.

Sinusitis may also cause the tissue in the nose to swell.

2. A headache

The pressure and pain of sinusitis can cause headaches in the front of the head. Some people find that the pain radiates elsewhere, causing more widespread problems or even neck pain.

3. Postnasal drip

Postnasal drip is mucus that drips from the nose down to the back of the throat. It can cause feelings of hoarseness and congestion or a sense of pressure in the throat or mouth.

4. Congestion

A sinus infection usually happens where there is fluid trapped in the sinuses in which viruses, bacteria, or fungus can grow. Because of the fluid buildup and inflammation, a person is likely to feel congested.

5. Coughing

A sinus infection can cause mucus and fluid to back up in the throat, which may make the throat itch or feel full. Some people repeatedly cough to try to clear the throat, but others experience uncontrollable coughing.

6. Fever

A fever is a sign that the body is fighting off an infection. Some people develop a fever with a sinus infection. Other symptoms associated with fever include chills, exhaustion, and muscle aches.

7. Brightly colored mucus

Viruses, bacteria, or fungus in mucus can change its color. People with sinus infections often notice that they cough up green or yellow phlegm or that the mucus they blow out of their nose is a bright color.

Sinusitis causes a lot of mucus production, and a person may find they are unable to clear the sinuses no matter how often they blow their nose.

8. Fatigue

Fighting a sinus infection demands energy from the body, so it is common to feel fatigued. Some people feel exhausted because they cannot breathe easily or are in pain.

9. Bad breath

The mucus associated with a sinus infection may have a bad odor, which can cause smelly breath or a bad taste in the mouth.

10. Tooth pain

Intense sinus pressure can cause pain in the gums, which can lead to toothaches, gum pain, or general pain in the mouth.

It can be difficult to tell the difference between a sinus infection and a cold as the symptoms can be very similar. Sinus infections often develop after a cold.

Sinusitis tends to last longer than a cold. Cold symptoms tend to get steadily worse, peaking at 3–5 days, then gradually get better. Sinus infections may last 10 days or more.

Some symptoms are more likely to be caused by sinusitis than a cold, including:

• swelling of the tissue in the nose
• bad breath
• green discharge from the nose
• a swollen or tender face

Unlike a cold, sinusitis can become chronic, which means it lasts longer than eight weeks. Chronic sinusitis causes swelling and irritation in the sinuses and usually develops after a person has had acute sinusitis. Sometimes the symptoms go away and then come back again.

Ongoing sinus symptoms — even if they get better and then come back — may indicate chronic sinusitis.

Sinus infections often go away on their own without medical treatment. There are, however, some things a person can do at home to relieve the bothersome symptoms.

To treat sinusitis symptoms with home remedies, try:

• Applying a warm compress to the sinuses, which eases pain and pressure by loosening up the fluid in the sinuses.
• Using a nasal wash or sinus rinse, such as a saline spray or neti pot, which are available from drug stores and online.
• Taking antihistamine tablets to reduce inflammation in the sinuses. Antihistamines are available in supermarkets, drugstores, and online.
• Using a nasal decongestant spray to help clear the sinuses and relieve pressure. These sprays are also available to buy in supermarkets, drugstores, and online.

Avoid using decongestants on a long-term basis without talking to a doctor first because they can make congestion worse if used for too long.

A person may wish to talk to their doctor if:

• symptoms last longer than 10 days with no improvement
• fever lasts longer than 3-4 days
• the pain is very intense
• a person with a suspected sinus infection has a weakened immune system due to a medical condition, drugs that suppress the immune system, or organ failure

Treatment depends on the cause. If bacteria is the cause of the infection and symptoms are severe or last more than a week, a doctor might prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics do not work for chronic sinusitis or a sinus infection caused by a virus.

A doctor may also prescribe steroids to relieve pain and pressure. These can help whether the infection is bacterial or viral and may also help with chronic sinus infections.

If other treatments are not effective, a doctor may recommend surgery to treat severe, chronic sinusitis. Surgeons can move the bones to open the sinuses or fix problems with bones surrounding the sinuses.

Some people may have nasal polyps that cause frequent sinus infections. A surgeon can easily remove these. Most surgeries for chronic sinusitis are outpatient procedures, which means a person can go home the same day as surgery.

Repeated episodes of sinusitis also can be a sign of an immunodeficiency disorder. A person experiencing repeated episodes should have a doctor check the immunoglobulin levels in their blood.

The outlook for most cases of sinusitis is good. Sinus infections often clear up on their own within a week or two. When they do not, the infection may be bacterial, and antibiotics can help.

Although rare, fungal sinus infections can be severe and hard to treat.

With proper medical care, most people with sinusitis recover well. However, if the infection does not get better after three months, a doctor might refer someone to an ear, nose, and throat specialist who can identify and treat the underlying cause of chronic sinusitis.

Read the article in Spanish.

Sinus infection: 11 symptoms and treatments

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Medical News Today only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

A sinus infection, also called sinusitis, is a common and painful condition that causes stuffy, painful pressure in the nasal cavity.

Sinusitis affects around 31 million people in America each year. Most cases of sinusitis are due to a virus and will go away on their own. Viral sinusitis is contagious, so a person should take steps to avoid passing it on to others.

Bacteria, and in rare cases a fungus, might also cause sinusitis.

It can be challenging to tell sinusitis apart from a cold or allergy, so knowing the symptoms of a sinus infection can help a person find the best treatment.

This article looks at the symptoms and treatments of sinusitis and explains how to tell the difference between a sinus infection and a cold.

The characteristic symptoms of a sinus infection include:

1. Sinus pain and pressure

Fluid trapped in the sinuses can fill the sinus cavities, causing intense pain and pressure. The sinuses may be sensitive to the touch. A person may have an urge to sneeze but be unable to do so.

The pain can be in the cheeks, around the eyes and nose, or in the forehead because these areas are where the sinuses are. Bending over may make the pain worse.

Sometimes, the pressure and pain are intense enough to interfere with sleep.

Sinusitis may also cause the tissue in the nose to swell.

2. A headache

The pressure and pain of sinusitis can cause headaches in the front of the head. Some people find that the pain radiates elsewhere, causing more widespread problems or even neck pain.

3. Postnasal drip

Postnasal drip is mucus that drips from the nose down to the back of the throat. It can cause feelings of hoarseness and congestion or a sense of pressure in the throat or mouth.

4. Congestion

A sinus infection usually happens where there is fluid trapped in the sinuses in which viruses, bacteria, or fungus can grow. Because of the fluid buildup and inflammation, a person is likely to feel congested.

5. Coughing

A sinus infection can cause mucus and fluid to back up in the throat, which may make the throat itch or feel full. Some people repeatedly cough to try to clear the throat, but others experience uncontrollable coughing.

6. Fever

A fever is a sign that the body is fighting off an infection. Some people develop a fever with a sinus infection. Other symptoms associated with fever include chills, exhaustion, and muscle aches.

7. Brightly colored mucus

Viruses, bacteria, or fungus in mucus can change its color. People with sinus infections often notice that they cough up green or yellow phlegm or that the mucus they blow out of their nose is a bright color.

Sinusitis causes a lot of mucus production, and a person may find they are unable to clear the sinuses no matter how often they blow their nose.

8. Fatigue

Fighting a sinus infection demands energy from the body, so it is common to feel fatigued. Some people feel exhausted because they cannot breathe easily or are in pain.

9. Bad breath

The mucus associated with a sinus infection may have a bad odor, which can cause smelly breath or a bad taste in the mouth.

10. Tooth pain

Intense sinus pressure can cause pain in the gums, which can lead to toothaches, gum pain, or general pain in the mouth.

It can be difficult to tell the difference between a sinus infection and a cold as the symptoms can be very similar. Sinus infections often develop after a cold.

Sinusitis tends to last longer than a cold. Cold symptoms tend to get steadily worse, peaking at 3–5 days, then gradually get better. Sinus infections may last 10 days or more.

Some symptoms are more likely to be caused by sinusitis than a cold, including:

• swelling of the tissue in the nose
• bad breath
• green discharge from the nose
• a swollen or tender face

Unlike a cold, sinusitis can become chronic, which means it lasts longer than eight weeks. Chronic sinusitis causes swelling and irritation in the sinuses and usually develops after a person has had acute sinusitis. Sometimes the symptoms go away and then come back again.

Ongoing sinus symptoms — even if they get better and then come back — may indicate chronic sinusitis.

Sinus infections often go away on their own without medical treatment. There are, however, some things a person can do at home to relieve the bothersome symptoms.

To treat sinusitis symptoms with home remedies, try:

• Applying a warm compress to the sinuses, which eases pain and pressure by loosening up the fluid in the sinuses.
• Using a nasal wash or sinus rinse, such as a saline spray or neti pot, which are available from drug stores and online.
• Taking antihistamine tablets to reduce inflammation in the sinuses. Antihistamines are available in supermarkets, drugstores, and online.
• Using a nasal decongestant spray to help clear the sinuses and relieve pressure. These sprays are also available to buy in supermarkets, drugstores, and online.

Avoid using decongestants on a long-term basis without talking to a doctor first because they can make congestion worse if used for too long.

A person may wish to talk to their doctor if:

• symptoms last longer than 10 days with no improvement
• fever lasts longer than 3-4 days
• the pain is very intense
• a person with a suspected sinus infection has a weakened immune system due to a medical condition, drugs that suppress the immune system, or organ failure

Treatment depends on the cause. If bacteria is the cause of the infection and symptoms are severe or last more than a week, a doctor might prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics do not work for chronic sinusitis or a sinus infection caused by a virus.

A doctor may also prescribe steroids to relieve pain and pressure. These can help whether the infection is bacterial or viral and may also help with chronic sinus infections.

If other treatments are not effective, a doctor may recommend surgery to treat severe, chronic sinusitis. Surgeons can move the bones to open the sinuses or fix problems with bones surrounding the sinuses.

Some people may have nasal polyps that cause frequent sinus infections. A surgeon can easily remove these. Most surgeries for chronic sinusitis are outpatient procedures, which means a person can go home the same day as surgery.

Repeated episodes of sinusitis also can be a sign of an immunodeficiency disorder. A person experiencing repeated episodes should have a doctor check the immunoglobulin levels in their blood.

The outlook for most cases of sinusitis is good. Sinus infections often clear up on their own within a week or two. When they do not, the infection may be bacterial, and antibiotics can help.

Although rare, fungal sinus infections can be severe and hard to treat.

With proper medical care, most people with sinusitis recover well. However, if the infection does not get better after three months, a doctor might refer someone to an ear, nose, and throat specialist who can identify and treat the underlying cause of chronic sinusitis.

Read the article in Spanish.

How to diagnose sinus headache

How to diagnose sinus headache – advice from a neurologist

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How to diagnose sinus headache with a runny nose: Sinus headache is pain that can feel like an infection in your sinuses. There may be a feeling of pressure around the eyes, on the cheeks and on the forehead, and pain in the head. But in fact, this pain can be caused by a migraine. Primary diagnosis of sinus headache with a runny nose will require computed tomography of the brain, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and subsequent consultation with a neurologist. As an additional examination, the doctor may prescribe an MRI of the sinuses.

Which doctor treats sinus headache with a runny nose: If you have symptoms of sinus headache with a runny nose, you should first consult a neurologist, based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe an additional consultation with an otolaryngologist.

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Headache symptoms of a common cold

Headache symptoms of sinusitis include:

• pain, pressure, and a feeling of fullness in the cheeks, eyebrows, or forehead
• Increased pain when bending forward or lying down
• nasal congestion
• fatigue
• Sensation of pain in the upper teeth.

Differential diagnosis between common cold headache and migraine headache

Migraine and sinus headache are easy to confuse because the symptoms of these 2 types of headache may overlap. In both migraine and sinusitis, the headache is often aggravated by leaning forward. Migraines can also be accompanied by a variety of symptoms, including nasal congestion, facial pressure, and a clear, watery discharge from the nose. This is due to the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in a migraine attack. In fact, studies have shown that most patients who see a neurologist for sinus headaches have migraines instead. However, sinusitis is usually not accompanied by nausea or vomiting, and is not aggravated by noise or bright lights – all of which are characteristic of migraine Headache with a common cold is usually:

• occurs after a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract or a cold
• appears as thick, discolored nasal mucus
• associated with decreased sense of smell
• causes pain in one cheek or upper teeth.

Sinus headaches often last a few days or longer, and migraines most often last from a few hours to 1-2 days.

Which doctor diagnoses a headache with a runny nose

Consult a neurologist if:

• headache symptoms occur more than 15 days per month or require frequent over-the-counter pain medications
• severe headache and over-the-counter pain medications are not helping.

If you suspect a headache with a runny nose, a neurologist will give you a referral for a consultation with an otolaryngologist.

Diagnosing the cause of a headache with a runny nose

Sinus headache is usually associated with migraine or other forms of headache. Headaches in the common cold are associated with pain and pressure in the face and sinuses, and can also cause nasal symptoms. In most cases, these headaches are not caused by sinus infections and generally should not be treated with antibiotics.

Risk factors

Sinus headaches can affect anyone, but may be more likely to occur if present:

• previous history of migraine or headaches
• family history of migraines or headaches
• hormonal changes associated with headaches.

Differential diagnosis of headache in the common cold

The cause of headaches is sometimes difficult to determine. At the initial examination, the neurologist will conduct a physical examination and interview the patient. Imaging tests may be done to determine the cause of the headache, including:

• computed tomography of the brain
• magnetic resonance imaging of the brain
• MRI of the sinuses.

Author: Bogatov Nikita Dmitrievich

Specialization: Manual Therapy, Osteopath

Place of appointment: MRI Center and RIORIT Clinic, Incentro Clinic

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References:

1. Abdulkerimov Kh.T. Current trends in the treatment of sinusitis / H.T. Abdulkerimov, R.C. Davydov, A.B. Pykhteev // Russian rhinology.-2005.-№2.-p.124.
2. Bartsikhovsky A.I. A set of olives for the treatment of patients with sinuitis by the method of fluid displacement / A.I. Bartsikhovsky, K.G. Vasilik, V.N. Velichko // Journal of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases.-1989.-№3.-P.77-78.
3. Garashchenko T.I. Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract in children: Abstract of diss. dokt.med.sci. / T.I. Garashchenko-M., 1996.-48s.
4. Dobrotin V.E. Discrepancy between computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data in diagnosing diseases of the paranasal sinuses / V.E. Dobrotin, E.V. Tyutina // Tr. All-Russian Conf., dedicated to 80th anniversary of acad. I.B. Soldatova “The problem of rehabilitation in otorhinolaryngology.” – Samara, 2003. – S.240-241.
5. Zubareva A.A. Differential diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses using magnetic resonance imaging / A.A. Zubareva // News of otorhinolaryngology. and logopathology. – 2000. – No. 3 (23). -p.125-30.

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How to get rid of a headache?

The question is rather complicated, and only an experienced neurologist can help. The success of treatment largely depends on how correctly the diagnosis is made.

Doctors of the Center for Neurology and Orthopedics “Alan Clinic” specialize in the treatment of headaches of various origins in adults and children.

We use mild, gentle, completely painless, safe, mostly drug-free methods for the treatment of headaches and diseases accompanied by headaches.

Why does my head hurt?

Headache, as a rule, is not an independent disease, more often it is a manifestation or consequence of various diseases, including life-threatening ones, among them:

• Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine
• Herniated disc in the cervical spine
• Disk protrusion in the cervical spine
• Instability / displacement of the cervical vertebrae
• Muscular —tonic syndrome (muscle tension in the shoulder and neck areas)
• Cervical sciatica
• Vertebral artery syndrome
• Migraine
• Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
• Inflammation of the occipital nerve
• Periarthrosis of the shoulder blade
• Cervical myositis
• Scoliosis
• Encephalopathy
• Oncological diseases of the brain (neoplasms)

Diagnosis of headaches 9002 8

The task of the doctor is to identify the root cause:

• Diseases of the brain (injuries, formations, inflammations)
• Vascular problems (circulatory disorders of the brain)
• Diseases of the spine
• Mental disorders (mental overexertion, stress, high level of anxiety, depression)
• Consequences of craniocerebral injuries, operations
• Extracerebral causes (hormonal disorders, infectious diseases, drugs, and chemicals)

The following methods are used to diagnose headaches:

• questioning the patient – the doctor must understand how the patient’s head hurts, under what circumstances and in what areas:
  • infrequent, frequent or constant pains
  • aching pains, throbbing or sharp, shooting
  • arising from certain movements (tilting, turning, etc. ), weather changes, colds, lack of sleep, stress, etc.
  • forehead, occipital region, temples, right, left, etc.
  • accompanied by other symptoms (nausea, dizziness, fever, eye pain, increased or decreased pressure, weakness, pain in the neck)
• medical manipulations:
• ultrasound of the vessels of the neck and head (ultrasound dopplerography of brachiocephalic arteries)
• MRI of any part of the spine (usually cervical)
• X-ray of the cervical spine
• computed tomography brain
• magnetic resonance imaging of the head brain
• magnetic resonance angiography of cerebral vessels
• laboratory tests
• oculist examination
• blood pressure monitoring
• gynecological consultation (for migraines associated with hormonal menstrual disorders)

How to treat headaches

• Manual therapy
• Physiotherapy
• Enzyme physiotherapy
• Medical drips
• Medical massage
• Ozone therapy – treatment with active oxygen.
• Hirudotherapy – treatment with leeches.
• Osteopathy – treatment by the hands of a doctor, a mild effect on the musculoskeletal system, nervous and vascular systems, internal organs.
• Pharmacopuncture is the introduction of medicinal preparations of natural origin into the focus of the problem.
• Acupuncture – impact on biologically active points with microneedles.
• Isometric kinesiotherapy – individual gymnastic techniques / exercises, according to indications with elements of joint massage.
• Botulinum therapy – treatment with botulinum toxin.
• Laser reflexology – painless effect on reflexogenic zones and points.
• Tsubotherapy is a gentle effect on the reflex points of the body.

Types of headache

Migraine. Migraine is a throbbing pain in the forehead and / or temples on one side of the head, which can be aggravated by intense lighting, strong odors, from various sounds and even when touched. May be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, pallor or redness of the skin of the face, coldness of the hands and feet, weakness, chills.

Tension headache. This is actually a migraine in which throbbing pain is felt on both sides of the head. Pain occurs, as a rule, in the temples, in the forehead and in the back of the head. Such pain may appear from time to time or be constant. It usually occurs as a result of anxiety, depression, stress, sleep disturbances, long-term use of painkillers, frequent use of alcoholic beverages.

Sinus headaches. Symptoms of sinus headaches: pain at the level of the eyebrows and / or near the nose, often accompanied by nasal congestion, the appearance of thick yellow or green discharge from the nose, fever, cough and sore throat, fatigue. To make a diagnosis of sinus headache, you need to undergo an examination: CT scan or MRI.

Cluster headaches. Characterized by the occurrence of attacks of acute headache lasting from 15 to 60 minutes. Before an attack, it usually lays the ear, then there is a sharp pain behind the eye. The attack is accompanied by redness of the eye, the appearance of tears, nasal congestion, a rush of blood to the face and increased sweating. Cluster headaches are difficult to treat. Treatment should only be carried out under the supervision of an experienced physician.

Vertebrogenic headache. Associated with pathologies of the cervical spine. Pain occurs in the occipital region and can radiate to the frontal and temporal regions. It is accompanied by pain and limited mobility in the cervical spine, tension and soreness of the neck muscles, dizziness, tinnitus, and impaired coordination of movements. The main causes of vertebrogenic headaches are: prolonged work at the computer, prolonged stay of the head and neck in one position, great psycho-emotional overload, stress, lack of adequate physical activity, injuries of the cervical spine.

Post-traumatic headache.