Autoimmune Skin Diseases | Durham, Raleigh, North Carolina

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Overview

Duke dermatologists diagnose autoimmune skin diseases like pemphigus, pemphigoid, scleroderma, morphea, dermatomyositis, dermatitis herpetiformis, vasculitis, lupus, and Sjögren’s syndrome — all of which occur when the body’s immune system attacks healthy skin. The cause of these diseases is unknown but may relate to problems with the immune response. Our experienced doctors are dedicated to researching the causes of these rare skin diseases, testing new therapies, and providing relief from the itchy, blistering, or painful rashes that may affect the skin, mouth, and eyes.

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About Autoimmune Skin Diseases

Content

Many autoimmune skin diseases are related to disorders that affect other areas of the body. For example:

• Dermatitis herpetiformis is linked to celiac disease, and may cause blisters.
• Scleroderma and morphea cause the skin to become thick and rigid.
• Vasculitis causes inflammation of the blood vessels.
• Lupus can affect the skin, joints, and kidneys.
• Dermatomyositis can cause muscle inflammation and skin rashes.
• Sjögren’s syndrome causes dry mouth, dry eyes, and sometimes dry skin.

Autoimmune Blistering Skin Diseases
These occur when the immune system attacks your healthy tissue. When this happens, skin cells cannot perform their normal functions and may turn into sores, blisters, or rashes. Diseases include bullous pemphigoid, which causes blistering on the body and sometimes in the mouth or eyes, and pemphigus, which causes blistering on the skin and in the mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, or genitals.

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Duke Health offers locations throughout the Triangle. Find one near you.

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Treatments for Autoimmune Skin Diseases

Treatments Overview

While there are no cures for the different types of autoimmune and blistering skin diseases, many treatments are effective at relieving symptoms and slowing the progression of your condition.  

Corticosteroids

Description

Topical (applied directly to the skin) and systemic (taken by mouth) corticosteroids suppress the immune system and slow progression of the disease. May be used for treating milder cases.

Immunosuppressive and Immunomodulatory Medications

Description

These prescription medications change the body’s immune response and control the inflammatory effects of the disease. They require regular physician monitoring.

Rituximab

Description

This biologic medication targets specific areas in the immune system to reduce inflammation. It requires regular physician monitoring.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin

Description

A purified blood product that contains healthy antibodies. This therapy prevents or reduces the severity of infections in patients with weakened immune systems and neutralizes damaging antibodies that target the patient’s own body. May require repeat infusions.

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Tests for Autoimmune Skin Diseases

Physical Exam

Description

Your comprehensive evaluation includes a review of your medical history, a complete skin exam, and a close examination of your rashes, blisters, and other symptoms.

Lab Tests

Description

Your doctor may order blood work to check for autoimmune factors such as antibodies or blood proteins that may be signs of inflammation.

Skin Biopsy

Description

The doctor removes a small sample of skin from an affected area, if necessary, to examine it and make an accurate diagnosis.

Consistently Ranked Among the Nation’s Best Hospitals

Duke University Hospital is proud of our team and the exceptional care they provide. They are why we are once again recognized as the best hospital in North Carolina, and nationally ranked in 11 adult and 9 pediatric specialties by U.S. News & World Report for 2022–2023.

Why Choose Duke

Content

Experience
Though these autoimmune blistering skin diseases are rare, our team of experts sees many people with these conditions. We have the skills to make an accurate diagnosis and the knowledge and experience to develop the right treatment plan for you.

A Team of Experts 
Our immunodermatology group provides comprehensive care for patients with immune-mediated skin diseases. We work closely with Duke rheumatologists and many other specialists to provide you with the best possible care.

Research Leading to New Developments
Our dermatologists are involved in studies aimed at understanding the basic causes of these diseases; finding new, more sensitive diagnostic tests; and developing effective treatments. We use these advances to identify the cause of your discomfort and find the right treatment to relieve your symptoms and return you to the activities you enjoy.

Opportunities to Test New Treatments
You may be eligible to participate in our ongoing clinical trials to test new therapies for your condition before they are widely available.

This page was medically reviewed on 09/24/2020 by

Matilda W. Nicholas, MD, PhD
| Dermatologist

Autoimmune Skin Disease: Skin Lupus, Pemphigus, & Other Autoimmune Skin Disorders | University of Utah Health

What Is Autoimmune Disease?

An autoimmune disease is a disorder in which the body is attacking itself. Normally, white blood cells produce antibodies that attack harmful cells as they appear in the body. The opposite happens in autoimmune diseases. Antibodies attack healthy tissues instead of the harmful ones.

This causes many different symptoms that affect the joints, internal organs, and skin.

Clinic Hours

Thursday 7:45 am–5 pm
May be open on different days or hours to better meet your needs.

Location

Midvalley Health Center
243 E 6100 S
Murray, UT 84107

How Does Autoimmune Disease Affect the Skin?

Autoimmune diseases can affect many parts of your body—including your skin. Because it’s so visible, you can often see symptoms of autoimmune disease first on the skin.

Autoimmune Disease Symptoms

These autoimmune skin diseases can show in a variety of ways. Symptoms can include:

• rashes,
• blisters,
• lesions,
• fatigue, and
• scaly patches.

Find a Dermatologist Near You

Types of Autoimmune Skin Diseases

• Behcet’s Disease
• Dermatitis Herpetiformis
• Dermatomyositis
• Lichen Planus
• Linear IgA Disease
• Lupus of the skin
• Morphea/Scleroderma
• Ocular Cicatrical pemphigoid
• Pemphigoid
• Pemphigus
• Vasculitis

Treatment for Autoimmune Skin Diseases

Autoimmune skin diseases cannot be cured, but we can help manage flare ups with treatment. Dermatology services at University of Utah Health offers a specialty autoimmune clinic designed to evaluate and treat patients with autoimmune conditions that affect their skin.

Our patients are treated by multiple board-certified dermatologists who specialize in autoimmune skin diseases. Our dermatologists give each patient extensive evaluation and treatment.

What Autoimmune Diseases Cause Blisters?

Healthy skin will only form a blister after your skin becomes damaged or dead. In skin suffering from an autoimmune blistering disease, your body’s immune system mistakes normal skin tissue for something it needs to fight off, and then attacks this healthy skin tissue. This causes blisters to form.

Several autoimmune skin diseases are responsible for causing skin blistering, including:

• Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
• IgA-mediated bullous dermatoses
• Ocular cicatrical pemphigoid
• Pemphigoid
• Pemphigus

Referrals for New Patients

If you are a new patient, you will need a referral from your current provider. Your referral should include your demographic information, including your name, date of birth, home address, phone number, and insurance company.

Records about your autoimmune history should be faxed to U of U Health at 801-581-4911 before your first appointment with us. These records should include clinic notes, biopsy reports, lab reports, diagnostic studies, radiographic studies, and treatments.

Please make sure your doctor faxes your referral to:

University of Utah
Department of Dermatology
Attn: Autoimmune Clinic

Phone: 801-581-2955, ask for autoimmune scheduling
Fax: 801-581-4911

We will review referral requests within 48 hours to make sure that the best dermatologist evaluates each case. We will contact new patients about an appointment. 

Autoimmune skin diseases: causes, symptoms and treatment

Autoimmune skin diseases are a group of diseases in which the body’s immune system attacks its own skin cells. The article discusses the main types of autoimmune skin diseases, their symptoms, causes and methods of treatment. Find out what steps you can take to improve your quality of life with autoimmune skin disease.

Autoimmune skin diseases are a group of diseases in which the body’s immune system begins to attack its own skin cells and tissues. The reasons for the development of such diseases are not fully understood, but it is believed that genetic predisposition, environmental exposure and impaired immune system play a key role.

Symptoms of autoimmune skin diseases can be varied and depend on the specific disease. However, the most common symptoms are skin rashes, itching, redness, peeling, and inflammation. Some patients may also experience general symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite.

Treatment of autoimmune skin diseases is aimed at suppressing the activity of the immune system and reducing inflammation. The main drugs used are glucocorticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition, it is important to follow the rules of skin hygiene, use emollients and moisturizers, and avoid factors that can exacerbate the disease.

Although autoimmune skin diseases are incurable, modern medicine offers effective methods for controlling and managing the symptoms of these diseases. It is important to consult a dermatologist for professional help and optimal treatment.

In conclusion, autoimmune skin diseases are a serious problem that requires complex and long-term treatment. Proper diagnosis and timely treatment can significantly improve the quality of life of patients and prevent the development of complications.

Autoimmune skin diseases

Autoimmune skin diseases are a group of diseases in which the body’s immune system begins to attack its own skin cells and tissues. This is due to an error in the immune system, which incorrectly recognizes its own cells as hostile.

One of the most common autoimmune skin diseases is psoriasis. In this condition, skin cells begin to multiply rapidly, resulting in red, scaly patches on the skin. Psoriasis can be accompanied by itching and redness of the skin, as well as changes in the nails.

Eczema is another common autoimmune skin disease. This is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that manifests itself in the form of dryness, itching, redness and blistering. Eczema can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, allergic reactions, and stress.

Treatment of autoimmune skin diseases includes anti-inflammatory drugs, creams and ointments, as well as physical therapy and lifestyle changes. In some cases, systemic treatment may be required, including oral medications or injections.

It is important to remember that each case of an autoimmune skin disease is individual, and the treatment should be prescribed by a dermatologist, taking into account the characteristics of the patient’s body. Seeking medical attention early and following the doctor’s recommendations can help control symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Causes of Autoimmune Skin Diseases

Autoimmune skin diseases result from dysfunction of the immune system when it attacks the body’s own cells and tissues. The reasons for the development of such diseases can be various and multifaceted.

One of the possible causes of autoimmune skin diseases is a genetic predisposition. Some people inherit genes that make them more susceptible to these diseases. Having certain genetic mutations can increase your risk of developing autoimmune skin diseases.

The occurrence of autoimmune skin diseases can also be associated with exposure to external factors. Some viruses, bacteria, and other infections can trigger immune responses that lead to autoimmune skin diseases. For example, patients with herpes infections often present with symptoms of autoimmune skin diseases.

Some autoimmune skin diseases can also be caused by environmental exposure. Harmful chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, stress, and other factors can stimulate the immune system and trigger autoimmune reactions in the body.

Symptoms of autoimmune skin diseases

Skin rashes: the main symptom of autoimmune skin diseases. Rashes can be of various shapes (spots, vesicles, rash), colors (red, pink, white) and size. They may be limited to a specific area of ​​the skin or spread throughout the body.

Itching: Most patients with autoimmune skin diseases experience itching. It can be mild or intense, temporary or permanent. Itching may be worse at night or on contact with irritants.

Burning sensation or pain: in autoimmune skin diseases, a burning sensation or pain in the area of ​​skin lesions may occur. These sensations may be localized or spread throughout the affected area.

Discoloration of the skin: in autoimmune skin diseases, the skin may change its color. It can become darker or lighter, and also acquire a reddish, purple or white hue.

Fissures and ulcers: Fissures and ulcers may form on the skin. They can be painful and cause discomfort. Cracks and ulcers can be superficial or deep, small or large.

Skin flaking: Autoimmune skin diseases may cause flaking of the skin. Peeling can be small or large, localized or spread throughout the body.

Treatment of autoimmune skin diseases

Treatment of autoimmune skin diseases is aimed at reducing inflammation, controlling symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Depending on the specific disease, different methods of treatment can be used.

In most cases, anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-static creams and ointments are used to help reduce inflammation and itching. Corticosteroids may be prescribed for more severe cases to reduce inflammation and reduce symptoms.

Immunomodulators can be used to regulate the immune system and reduce the activity of the autoimmune process. These drugs may include azathioprine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine.

Additional treatments may include phototherapy, in which the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light to reduce inflammation. Sometimes it may be recommended to use dermatological preparations containing vitamin D, as well as preparations that improve blood circulation and metabolic processes in the skin.

It is important to remember that the treatment of autoimmune skin diseases must be individualized and prescribed by a physician based on the specific symptoms and characteristics of the disease. Regular monitoring and adherence to the doctor’s recommendations will help control the disease and reduce the risk of exacerbations.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease characterized by the appearance of lamellar rashes on various parts of the body. It affects skin cells, causing them to multiply rapidly and form thick, dry, and scaly plates.

The symptoms of psoriasis can vary depending on the type and extent of the disease, but usually include red patches covered with silvery scales, itching, redness and inflammation of the skin. Psoriasis can affect any part of the body, including the scalp, elbows, knees, back, and groin.

The causes of psoriasis are not fully understood, but genetic predisposition and impaired immune system are believed to play an important role in its development. Factors contributing to the onset and aggravation of psoriasis can include stress, infections, skin trauma, and certain medications.

Treatment of psoriasis is aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Depending on the severity of the disease, various treatments may be used, including topical creams and ointments, phototherapy, systemic drugs, and immunomodulators.

Autoimmune dermatitis

Autoimmune dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs due to a disorder of the body’s immune system. It is characterized by the appearance of redness, rash, itching and peeling on the skin.

Autoimmune dermatitis is caused by immune cells attacking the skin’s own cells. This may be due to genetic predisposition, environmental factors, or exposure to certain medications. As a result of this attack, inflammation occurs, which leads to various symptoms.

The main symptoms of autoimmune dermatitis are itching, redness of the skin, rashes and peeling. Itching is often accompanied by a painful sensation and can lead to skin damage when scratched. The rash may be in the form of blisters, spots, rashes or red papules. Peeling skin usually occurs at the site of a rash and can lead to dryness and cracking.

Treatment of autoimmune dermatitis is aimed at reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms. The doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory creams and ointments, antihistamines to relieve itching, and immunomodulators to suppress the activity of the immune system. In the presence of complications or severe symptoms, systemic treatment may be required.

Lupus erythematosus

Lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs and other organs. The main symptom of lupus is a skin rash that usually appears as red patches or a rash. Skin manifestations of lupus can be varied, including rashes on the face, neck, arms, and other parts of the body.

The cause of lupus erythematosis is not fully known, but it is believed that genetic predisposition, impaired immune system and environmental factors may play a role in its development. Lupus is most commonly diagnosed in women between the ages of 15 and 45, although it can affect anyone regardless of gender or age.

Treatment of erythematosus lupus involves the use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs to help reduce inflammation and control symptoms. Your doctor may also prescribe physical therapy and recommend lifestyle changes, such as avoiding sunlight and stress.

It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of erythematosus lupus develop, as early medical attention can help prevent serious complications and improve prognosis.

Systemic scleroderma

Systemic scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, is a chronic, rare autoimmune disease that affects the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs. The main characteristic of this disease is damage to the connective tissue, resulting in thickening and hardening of the skin.

Systemic scleroderma mainly affects women in middle age, although it can appear at any age and in both sexes. The cause of systemic scleroderma is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in causing it.

Symptoms of systemic scleroderma may vary depending on which organs are affected. However, the most common symptoms are thickening and hardening of the skin, especially on the hands and face, circulation problems, joint and muscle pain, and breathing and digestion problems.

Treatment of systemic scleroderma is aimed at managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. Depending on the symptoms and their severity, the doctor may prescribe various medications, physical therapy, psychological support, and lifestyle changes such as moderate physical activity and a healthy diet.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What causes autoimmune skin diseases?

Autoimmune skin diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, impaired immune system, environmental exposure, infection, and stress. In some cases, the exact causes of these diseases are unknown.

What symptoms can accompany autoimmune skin diseases?

Symptoms of autoimmune skin diseases may include rashes, redness, itching, skin scaling, plaque formation, ulcers and sores. Some diseases may also be accompanied by hairy patches, hair loss, changes in skin color and changes in the texture of the skin.

How are autoimmune skin diseases diagnosed?

Diagnosis of autoimmune skin disorders may include a physical examination of the skin, blood tests, skin biopsy, and allergy tests. The doctor may also ask questions about the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and family history to determine possible causes and susceptibility to disease.

What treatments are used for autoimmune skin diseases?

Treatment of autoimmune skin diseases depends on the type and severity of the disease. The doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory creams or ointments, immunomodulators, sorbents, immunoglobulin preparations, antihistamines, steroid drugs, or cytostatics. Physical therapy and laser treatments may also be used.

Can autoimmune skin diseases be completely cured?

Some autoimmune skin diseases can be completely cured or controlled, but not all diseases are completely curable. It is important to start treatment early and follow your doctor’s recommendations for best results.

Reviews

Maxim

The article is very useful and informative. I faced the problem of an autoimmune skin disease, so this information turned out to be very relevant for me. It is very important to understand that the causes of such diseases can be diverse, and, unfortunately, it is not always possible to find a specific source of the problem. The main symptoms mentioned in the article are really similar to what I see on my skin. Constant itching and redness give me discomfort and interfere with my normal life. It is very important to see a doctor and get a proper diagnosis in order to start treatment. I am glad that the article describes the main methods of treatment, including the use of topical drugs and systemic drugs. I will follow the recommendations of the experts and hope that I can deal with this problem. Thanks for the useful information!

Andrey Popov

The article is very interesting and useful! I enjoyed reading it to the end and learned a lot about autoimmune skin diseases. It is very important to know that these diseases are caused by a malfunction of the immune system, when it begins to attack the body’s own cells. Thanks to the article, I learned about the various causes of these diseases, such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposure and stress. The article also details the symptoms of autoimmune skin diseases, such as rashes, itching, redness and peeling of the skin. It is important to know that early contact with a doctor can help in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. I am very grateful to the author for information about possible treatments, such as the use of ointments, creams and systemic drugs. The article also mentions the importance of supporting the psychological well-being of the patient, as these diseases can have a strong impact on the quality of life. In general, the article is very informative and useful for anyone who is faced with autoimmune skin diseases. I recommend reading it to anyone interested in this topic.

Ivan

The article is very interesting and informative! As a man, I believe that skin health is very important. Autoimmune skin diseases can significantly affect how we feel and look. The article describes very well the causes of such diseases, as well as the symptoms that you need to pay attention to. I learned a lot about diseases like psoriasis, eczema and vitiligo. It was especially interesting to learn about the role of heredity and the immune system in the development of these diseases. Much attention is also paid to treatment. I am happy to know that there are various treatments available, including medications, ointments, and physiotherapy. It is important to start treatment as early as possible to prevent disease progression and improve quality of life. In general, the article was very useful and understandable. I recommend it to anyone who is interested in skin health and wants to learn more about autoimmune skin diseases. Thanks to the author for such an informative article!

Alex

The article is very useful and informative. It is very interesting to learn about various autoimmune skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, lupus erythematosus, etc. I myself have encountered skin problems and want to understand their causes and methods of treatment. The symptoms described in the article are really similar to those that I observe in myself: itching, redness, peeling. I now understand that this may be due to an imbalance in the immune system. The article well describes the methods of diagnosis and treatment, and I will definitely contact a doctor for professional help. Thanks a lot for the helpful information!

Alexey

The article is very informative and useful. I have been interested in medicine and health for a long time, so the topic of autoimmune skin diseases interested me. The article describes well the causes of such diseases, which helps to better understand their mechanisms. I learned that autoimmune skin diseases are caused by the immune system not working properly when it starts attacking the body’s own cells. This can lead to various symptoms such as rashes, itching, redness, and flaking of the skin. It is very important to know what symptoms can be associated with autoimmune skin diseases in order to see a doctor in a timely manner. I learned that the treatment of such diseases can be lengthy and require an integrated approach. Your doctor may prescribe special ointments, creams, or medications to help reduce inflammation and symptoms. In addition, the article highlights the importance of proper skin care, regular hydration and sun protection. I am grateful to the authors of the article for an accessible presentation of the material and useful recommendations. Now I have a better understanding of what to look for if autoimmune skin diseases are suspected, and I will be ready to discuss this with a doctor. I really hope that the article will help other people who face similar problems to get the necessary information and timely help.

angelicqueen

This article is very helpful and informative. As a woman, I always pay attention to my health, including the condition of my skin. Autoimmune skin diseases are a serious problem that can greatly affect the quality of life. It is very important to know the causes and symptoms of such diseases in order to consult a doctor in a timely manner and begin treatment. The main causes of autoimmune skin diseases are disorders in the immune system when it begins to attack the body’s own cells. As a result, various skin manifestations occur, such as rashes, itching, redness, and even ulcers. This can be very uncomfortable and cause discomfort. Symptoms of autoimmune skin diseases can vary depending on the specific disease. Some of them include psoriasis, eczema, pemphigus vulgaris, dermatomyositis, etc. It is very important to pay attention to the appearance of any changes in the skin and immediately consult a dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment. Treatment for autoimmune skin conditions may include topical medications such as creams and ointments, as well as systemic medications to boost the immune system. It is also important to follow your doctor’s recommendations for skin care and avoid factors that can make your skin worse, such as stress, poor diet, and negative environmental influences. In general, for the successful treatment of autoimmune skin diseases, it is important to see a qualified doctor who can help determine the diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Self-medication in this case is highly undesirable, as this can lead to a deterioration in the condition of the skin and complicate the healing process. Therefore, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor if suspicious symptoms appear on the skin.

Ivan Ivanov

The article is very useful and informative. As a man, I have experienced skin problems and I know how frustrating it is. Autoimmune skin diseases are a serious problem that can greatly affect the quality of life. The article describes very well the causes of such diseases, as well as their symptoms. I learned that autoimmune diseases are caused by the immune system not working properly when it starts attacking the body’s own cells. This can lead to various skin symptoms such as rashes, itching, redness, and flaking. It is very important to know that there are various treatments for autoimmune skin diseases. The article describes various approaches, such as the use of topical preparations, including ointments and creams, as well as systemic drugs that help control the activity of the immune system. Of course, each case is different, so it is important to see a doctor to get the right treatment. I think the article is very helpful for anyone who has faced similar problems. She helps to understand that autoimmune skin diseases are not a death sentence, and with the right treatment, significant improvement in skin condition can be achieved. I hope that all people suffering from such diseases will find useful information in the article and will be able to find a suitable treatment for themselves.

Treatment of systemic autoimmune skin diseases in Lipetsk

All diseases that appear as a result of the increasing aggressive effect of the cells of the immune system on healthy cells of the human body are called autoimmune diseases. Most often, these diseases are systemic, due to the fact that in the course of them not only a separate organ is affected, but also entire systems of the body, and sometimes the whole organism as a whole. Autoimmune skin diseases are an example of one of the many diseases that are caused by the immune response. In particular, cells of the entire skin of a person are attacked by specific immune bodies due to a failure of general immunity.

Depending on the type of skin disease, there are certain differences in the clinical picture of the course of the disease, which manifests itself in different symptoms and the depth of damage to the cells of the epidermal tissue.

Symptoms of autoimmune skin diseases:

Pemphigus: rash in the form of blisters on various parts of the skin; blisters differ in size, often appear on the mucous membranes and folds of the skin.
Lupus erythematosus: spots of intense red color, often infiltrating and turning into plaques; foci of inflammation are quite painful, when it develops into chronic inflammation, the skin turns pale and thinner.

Scleroderma: bluish or yellowish-brown spots of various sizes; the coverage area is constantly growing, at the peak of the development of the acute phase of the inflammatory process, a plaque forms in the middle of the spot, a scar may appear.

Most often, disorders caused by a malfunction of the immune system occur in those patients in whose anamnesis there is a hereditary predisposition. This is associated with gene mutations:

Mutations of the first type: lymphocytes cannot distinguish between cells of a certain type, which leads to the risk of developing the pathology of the organ that was affected by this disease in close relatives. These mutations can cause diabetes, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis.

Mutations of the second type: lymphocytes, being a kind of defenders of the body, begin to multiply uncontrollably, actively attack the cells of various organs, which causes systemic pathologies, in which not only organs, but also glands, arteries, and tissues can be damaged simultaneously.