What are the common types of skin sores. How can you identify different skin lesions. What causes various skin conditions. How are skin sores diagnosed and treated. What are the best practices for preventing skin lesions.

Understanding Skin Lesions: Primary and Secondary Types

Skin lesions are areas of skin that appear different from the surrounding tissue. They can be categorized into two main types:

• Primary skin lesions: These are abnormal skin conditions present at birth or acquired over a person’s lifetime.
• Secondary skin lesions: These result from irritated or manipulated primary skin lesions, such as a crust formed from scratching a mole.

Understanding the distinction between primary and secondary lesions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Can you differentiate between these types when examining your skin. Recognizing the characteristics of each can help you communicate more effectively with healthcare professionals.

Acne: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Acne is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It typically appears on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, and upper back. The main symptoms include:

• Blackheads
• Whiteheads
• Pimples
• Deep, painful cysts and nodules

Are you aware of the potential long-term effects of untreated acne. If left untreated, acne can lead to scarring and skin darkening. Various treatment options are available, ranging from over-the-counter topical medications to prescription drugs and professional procedures. Consulting a dermatologist can help determine the most effective treatment plan for your specific case.

Cold Sores: Viral Infection and Management

Cold sores are painful, fluid-filled blisters that typically appear near the mouth and lips. They are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), with two main types:

• Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1)
• Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2)

Do you know the early signs of a cold sore outbreak. The affected area often tingles or burns before the blister becomes visible. Cold sores can occur alone or in clusters, weeping clear yellow fluid before crusting over. Triggers for outbreaks may include:

• Stress
• Menstruation
• Illness
• Sun exposure

While there is no cure for the herpes virus, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks. Maintaining good hygiene and avoiding triggers can also help prevent recurrences.

Actinic Keratosis: Sun-Induced Skin Lesions

Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin condition characterized by thick, scaly, or crusty skin patches. These lesions typically:

• Measure less than 2 centimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser)
• Appear on sun-exposed areas like hands, arms, face, scalp, and neck
• Have a pink color, sometimes with a brown, tan, or gray base

Do you regularly check your skin for signs of actinic keratosis. Early detection and treatment are crucial, as these lesions can progress to skin cancer if left untreated. Treatment options include topical medications, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgical removal. Protecting your skin from excessive sun exposure is key to preventing actinic keratosis.

Allergic Eczema: Symptoms and Management

Allergic eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation and itching. Common symptoms include:

• Itchy, red, scaly, or raw skin
• Blisters that weep, ooze, or become crusty
• Rashes often found on hands and forearms

Are you aware of the triggers that can exacerbate allergic eczema. Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as certain fabrics, soaps, or environmental factors, can help manage symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Topical corticosteroids
• Moisturizers
• Antihistamines
• Immunomodulators

Working with a dermatologist to develop a personalized treatment plan can significantly improve quality of life for those with allergic eczema.

Impetigo: Highly Contagious Bacterial Skin Infection

Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection that primarily affects children. It is characterized by:

• An irritating rash
• Fluid-filled blisters that pop easily
• Honey-colored crusts forming after blisters burst

Do you know how to recognize the early signs of impetigo. The rash is often located around the mouth, chin, and nose. Impetigo is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact or sharing personal items. Treatment typically involves topical or oral antibiotics, depending on the severity of the infection. Maintaining good hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can help prevent the spread of impetigo.

Contact Dermatitis: Identifying Allergens and Irritants

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition caused by direct contact with an irritant or allergen. It manifests as:

• Itchy, red, scaly, or raw skin
• Rash with visible borders
• Blisters that weep, ooze, or become crusty

Can you identify potential allergens or irritants in your daily environment. Common triggers include:

• Certain metals (e.g., nickel)
• Fragrances
• Latex
• Poison ivy or oak
• Harsh soaps or detergents

Treatment for contact dermatitis involves identifying and avoiding the triggering substance, as well as managing symptoms with topical corticosteroids or oral antihistamines. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids may be prescribed. Patch testing can help identify specific allergens causing the reaction.

Psoriasis: Chronic Autoimmune Skin Condition

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, resulting in scaly, silvery, sharply defined skin patches. Key characteristics include:

• Common locations: scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back
• May be itchy or asymptomatic
• Can be triggered by stress, infections, or certain medications

Are you familiar with the different types of psoriasis and their unique presentations. There are several forms of psoriasis, including plaque, guttate, inverse, and pustular. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and type of psoriasis, and may include:

• Topical treatments (corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs)
• Phototherapy
• Systemic medications (methotrexate, cyclosporine)
• Biologic drugs

Managing psoriasis often requires a combination of treatments and lifestyle modifications. Regular follow-ups with a dermatologist are essential for optimal management of this chronic condition.

Viral Skin Infections: Chickenpox and Shingles

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is characterized by:

• Clusters of itchy, red, fluid-filled blisters
• Blisters in various stages of healing all over the body
• Accompanying symptoms: fever, body aches, sore throat, loss of appetite

Do you know how long chickenpox remains contagious. The infection is contagious until all blisters have crusted over. Vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of chickenpox, but outbreaks can still occur. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Shingles

Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in individuals who have previously had chickenpox. Key features include:

• A painful rash that may burn, tingle, or itch
• Linear stripe pattern, often on the torso or face
• Clusters of fluid-filled blisters that break and weep
• Possible low fever, chills, headache, or fatigue

Are you aware of the potential complications of shingles, such as postherpetic neuralgia. Early treatment with antiviral medications can help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Vaccination against shingles is recommended for adults over 50 to prevent outbreaks and complications.

Epidermoid Cysts: Benign Skin Growths

Epidermoid cysts are noncancerous, slow-growing bumps that develop beneath the skin. Key characteristics include:

• Common locations: face, neck, or torso
• Filled with keratin protein
• May cause pressure and pain if large

Do you know how to differentiate between epidermoid cysts and other similar skin growths. Epidermoid cysts are sometimes mistaken for sebaceous cysts, which are filled with sebum. While most epidermoid cysts are harmless, they may require removal if they become infected, painful, or cosmetically bothersome. Treatment options include:

• Incision and drainage
• Complete surgical excision
• Minimal excision technique

It’s important to avoid attempting to pop or drain these cysts at home, as this can lead to infection and scarring.

MRSA Infections: Recognizing and Treating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of bacteria resistant to certain antibiotics. MRSA skin infections often appear as:

• A painful, swollen bump resembling a spider bite
• Red, warm, and filled with pus
• Potentially accompanied by fever and chills

Do you know the risk factors for developing a MRSA infection. Common risk factors include recent hospitalization, invasive medical procedures, living in crowded conditions, and participating in contact sports. MRSA infections require prompt medical attention and are typically treated with specific antibiotics that are effective against resistant strains. Preventing the spread of MRSA involves:

• Practicing good hand hygiene
• Covering wounds
• Avoiding sharing personal items
• Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces

Early recognition and treatment of MRSA infections are crucial to prevent complications and limit the spread of this antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Lesions: When to Seek Medical Attention

Proper diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions are essential for maintaining skin health and preventing complications. It’s important to seek medical attention if you experience:

• A rash that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter treatments
• Signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, or warmth
• Lesions that resemble those caused by MRSA or cellulitis
• Sudden changes in existing moles or skin growths
• Persistent or recurrent skin problems

Are you aware of the various diagnostic techniques used to identify skin conditions. Dermatologists may use several methods to diagnose skin lesions, including:

• Visual examination
• Dermoscopy
• Skin biopsy
• Blood tests
• Allergy testing

Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and may include topical or oral medications, surgical procedures, or lifestyle modifications. Working closely with a healthcare professional can ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for your skin concerns.

Preventing Skin Lesions: Best Practices for Skin Health

While some skin conditions are unavoidable, many can be prevented or minimized through proper skin care and lifestyle choices. Here are some best practices for maintaining healthy skin:

• Protect your skin from sun damage by using sunscreen and protective clothing
• Practice good hygiene, including regular handwashing and gentle cleansing of the skin
• Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants
• Avoid known allergens and irritants
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques and regular exercise
• Get adequate sleep to support skin regeneration
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption
• Regularly inspect your skin for any changes or new growths

Do you incorporate these preventive measures into your daily routine. By adopting these habits, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing various skin lesions and maintain overall skin health. Remember that early detection and treatment of skin issues can prevent more serious complications down the line.

Understanding the Impact of Skin Conditions on Quality of Life

Skin conditions can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life, affecting both physical and emotional well-being. Common psychological effects of skin lesions include:

• Reduced self-esteem and confidence
• Anxiety and depression
• Social isolation
• Difficulty in personal and professional relationships

Are you aware of the support systems available for individuals dealing with chronic skin conditions. It’s important to address both the physical and emotional aspects of skin health. Consider the following strategies:

• Joining support groups or online communities for people with similar conditions
• Seeking counseling or therapy to address emotional challenges
• Practicing stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga
• Educating friends and family about your condition to foster understanding and support

Remember that you’re not alone in dealing with skin issues, and there are resources available to help you cope with the physical and emotional challenges they may present. Working with healthcare professionals and mental health experts can help you develop a comprehensive approach to managing your skin condition and improving your overall quality of life.

Pictures, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & More

Skin lesions may result from acne, psoriasis, chickenpox, or various other conditions. Seek medical attention if you have a rash, you think you have an infection, or your lesions resemble those caused by MRSA or cellulitis.

A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to the skin around it.

Two categories of skin lesions exist: primary and secondary.

Primary skin lesions are abnormal skin conditions present at birth or acquired over a person’s lifetime.

Secondary skin lesions are the result of irritated or manipulated primary skin lesions. For example, if someone scratches a mole until it bleeds, the resulting lesion, a crust, is now a secondary skin lesion.

Many conditions can cause different types of skin lesions. Here are 21 possible causes and types.

Warning: Graphic images ahead.

Acne

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• Acne is commonly located on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, and upper back.
• Breakouts are composed of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, or deep, painful cysts and nodules.
• If it’s left untreated, it may leave scars or darken the skin.

Read the full article on acne.

Cold sores

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• A cold sore is a red, painful, fluid-filled blister that appears near the mouth and lips.
• The viruses herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) cause genital lesions as well as these types of oral lesions.
• The affected area will often tingle or burn before the cold sore is visible.
• These blisters occur alone or in clusters, weeping clear yellow fluid before they crust over.
• Blisters may reoccur in response to stress, menstruation, illness, or sun exposure.

Read the full article on cold sores.

Actinic keratosis

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• An actinic keratosis is a thick, scaly, or crusty skin patch that’s typically less than 2 centimeters (cm), or about the size of a pencil eraser.
• It appears on parts of the body that receive a lot of sun exposure (the hands, arms, face, scalp, and neck).
• It’s usually pink in color but can have a brown, tan, or gray base.

Read the full article on actinic keratosis.

Allergic eczema

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• Allergic eczema leaves the skin itchy, red, scaly, or raw.
• It’s often found on the hands and forearms and may resemble a burn.
• It also causes blisters that weep, ooze, or become crusty.

Read the full article on allergic eczema.

Impetigo

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• Impetigo causes an irritating rash and fluid-filled blisters that pop easily and form a honey-colored crust.
• The rash is often located in the area around the mouth, chin, and nose.
• The condition is common in babies and children.

Read the full article on impetigo.

Contact dermatitis

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• Contact dermatitis causes itchy, red, scaly, or raw skin.
• It appears hours to days after contact with an allergen.
• A contact dermatitis rash has visible borders and appears where your skin touched the irritating substance.
• It also causes blisters that weep, ooze, or become crusty.

Read the full article on contact dermatitis.

Psoriasis

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• Psoriasis causes scaly, silvery, sharply defined skin patches.
• It’s commonly located on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.
• It may be itchy or asymptomatic.

Read the full article on psoriasis.

Chickenpox

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• Chickenpox leaves clusters of itchy, red, fluid-filled blisters in various stages of healing all over the body.
• A chickenpox rash is accompanied by fever, body aches, sore throat, and loss of appetite.
• Chickenpox remains contagious until all the blisters have crusted over.

Read the full article on chickenpox.

Shingles

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• Shingles causes a very painful rash that may burn, tingle, or itch, even if there are no blisters present.
• A shingles rash emerges in a linear stripe pattern that appears most commonly on the torso, but may occur on other parts of the body, including the face.
• The rash comprises clusters of fluid-filled blisters that break easily and weep fluid.
• The rash may be accompanied by low fever, chills, headache, or fatigue.

Read the full article on shingles.

Epidermoid cysts

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• Epidermoid cysts are found on the face, neck, or torso.
• Large cysts may cause pressure and pain.
• They’re noncancerous, filled with the protein keratin, and very slow growing.
• They’re sometimes mistaken for sebaceous cysts, which are filled with sebum.

Read the full article on epidermoid cysts.

MRSA (staph) infection

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This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.

• The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infection often looks like a spider bite, with a painful, raised, red pimple that may drain pus.
• The infection is caused by a type of Staphylococcus, or staph, bacteria that’s resistant to many different antibiotics.
• The bacteria causes an infection when it enters through a cut or scrape on the skin.
• The infection needs to be treated with powerful antibiotics and can lead to more dangerous conditions, such as cellulitis or blood infection.

Read the full article on MRSA infection.

Cellulitis

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This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.

• Cellulitis leaves red, painful, swollen skin with or without oozing that spreads quickly.
• It’s caused by bacteria or fungi entering through a crack or cut in the skin.
• The skin may also be hot and tender to the touch.
• Fever, chills, and red streaking from a rash might be a sign of serious infection requiring medical attention.

Read the full article on cellulitis.

Scabies

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• Scabies causes an extremely itchy rash that may be pimply, made up of tiny blisters, or scaly.
• It also causes raised white or flesh-toned lines.
• Symptoms may take 4 to 6 weeks to appear.
• Having scabies increases your risk of impetigo.

Read the full article on scabies.

Boils

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• A boil is a red, painful, raised bump with a yellow or white center.
• It can appear anywhere on the body, but is most common on the face, neck, armpit, and buttock.
• It may rupture and weep fluid.
• It’s caused by the bacterial or fungal infection of a hair follicle or oil gland.

Read the full article on boils.

Bullae

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• A bulla is a clear, watery, fluid-filled blister that’s greater than 1 cm in size.
• It can be caused by friction, contact dermatitis, and other skin disorders.
• If clear liquid turns milky, there might be an infection.

Read the full article on bullae.

Blisters

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• A blister is characterized by a watery, clear, fluid-filled area on the skin.
• It may be smaller than 1 cm (vesicle) or larger than 1 cm (bulla) and occur alone or in groups.
• It can be found anywhere on the body.

Read the full article on blisters.

Nodules

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• A nodule is a small to medium growth that may be filled with tissue, fluid, or both.
• It’s usually wider than a pimple and may look like a firm, smooth elevation under the skin.
• It’s usually harmless, but may cause discomfort if it presses on other structures.
• It may also be located deep inside the body where you can’t see or feel it.

Read the full article on nodules.

Rash

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This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.

• A rash is defined as a noticeable change in the color or texture of the skin.
• It may be caused by many things, including insect bites, allergic reactions, medication side effects, fungal skin infection, bacterial skin infection, infectious disease, or autoimmune disease.
• Many rash symptoms can be managed at home, but severe rashes may require urgent medical treatment (especially those seen in combination with other symptoms, such as fever, pain, dizziness, vomiting, or difficulty breathing).

Read the full article on rash.

Hives

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• Hives are itchy, raised welts that occur after exposure to an allergen.
• They’re red, warm, and mildly painful to the touch.
• They can be small, round, and ring-shaped or large and randomly shaped.

Read the full article on hives.

Keloids

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• A keloid is a lumpy or rigid area of skin that may be painful or itchy.
• The area is flesh-colored, pink, or red.
• The symptoms occur at the site of a previous skin injury.

Read the full article on keloids.

Warts

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• A wart is a raised, rough bump that may be found on the skin or mucous membranes.
• It’s caused by many different types of a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV).
• A wart may occur singly or in groups.
• It’s contagious and may be passed to others.

Read the full article on warts.

The most common cause of a skin lesion is an infection on or in the skin.

One example is a wart. The human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes warts, is passed from one person to another through direct skin-to-skin contact. The herpes simplex virus, which causes both cold sores and genital herpes, is also passed through direct contact.

A systemic infection, which is an infection that occurs throughout your body, can cause skin lesions all over your body. Examples include chickenpox and shingles. MRSA and cellulitis are two potentially life threatening infections that involve skin lesions.

Some skin lesions, such as moles and freckles, are hereditary. Birthmarks are lesions that exist at the time of birth.

Others can be the result of an allergic reaction, such as allergic eczema and contact dermatitis. Some conditions, such as poor circulation or diabetes, cause skin sensitivity that can lead to lesions.

Birthmarks are primary skin lesions, as are moles and acne. Other types include the following.

Blisters

Blisters are skin lesions filled with a clear fluid. Small blisters measuring less than 1 cm in size are also called vesicles. Larger blisters are called bullae or, simply, blisters.

These lesions can be the result of:

• sunburns
• steam burns
• insect bites
• friction from shoes or clothes
• viral infections

Macules

Macules are small spots that are typically brown, red, or white. They’re usually about 1 cm in diameter. Examples include freckles and flat moles.

Nodules

A nodule is a term used to describe growths that occur under the skin, such as certain types of cysts. Nodules are typically under 2 cm. If the nodule becomes big enough, it can affect the overlying skin too.

Papules

A papule is a raised lesion, and most of them develop with many other papules.

A patch of papules or nodules is called a plaque. Plaques are common in people with psoriasis.

Pustules

Pustules are small lesions filled with pus. They’re typically the result of acne, boils, or impetigo.

Rashes

Rashes are lesions that cover small or large areas of skin. They can be caused by an allergic reaction. A common allergic reaction rash occurs when a person touches poison ivy.

Wheals

A wheal is a skin lesion caused by an allergic reaction. Hives are an example of wheals.

When primary skin lesions are irritated, they can develop into secondary skin lesions. The most common secondary skin lesions include:

Crusts

A crust, or a scab, is created when dried blood forms over a scratched and irritated skin lesion.

Scales

Scales, such as those caused by actinic keratosis, are patches of skin cells that build up and then flake off the skin.

Scars

Some scratches, cuts, and scrapes will leave scars that aren’t replaced with healthy, normal skin. Instead, the skin returns as a thick, raised scar. This scar is called a keloid.

Skin atrophy

Skin atrophy occurs when areas of your skin become thin and wrinkled from poor circulation or overuse of topical steroids.

Ulcers

Ulcers are typically caused by a bacterial infection or physical trauma. They’re often accompanied by poor circulation.

Some skin lesions are hereditary. People with family members who have moles or freckles are more likely to develop those two types of lesions.

People with allergies may also be more likely to develop skin lesions related to their allergy.

People diagnosed with an autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis will continue to be at risk of developing skin lesions throughout their lives.

In order to diagnose a skin lesion, a dermatologist or doctor will conduct a full physical exam. This will include observing the skin lesion and asking for a full account of all symptoms.

To confirm a diagnosis, they make take skin samples, perform a biopsy of the affected area, or take a swab from the lesion to send to a lab.

If you don’t already have a dermatologist, you can browse doctors in your area through the Healthline FindCare tool.

Treatment is based on the underlying cause or causes of the skin lesions. A doctor will take into account the type of lesion, your personal health history, and any treatments previously attempted.

Medications

First-line treatments are often topical medications to help treat the inflammation and protect the affected area. Topical medication can also provide mild symptom relief to stop pain, itching, or burning caused by the skin lesion.

If your skin lesions are the result of a systemic infection, such as chickenpox or shingles, you may be prescribed oral medications to help ease the symptoms of the disease, including skin lesions.

Surgery

Infected skin lesions are typically pierced and drained to provide treatment and relief.

Suspicious-looking moles that have been changing over time may need to be removed surgically.

A type of birthmark called hemangioma results from malformed blood vessels. Laser surgery is often used to remove this type of birthmark.

Home care

Some skin lesions are very itchy and uncomfortable. You may want to try home remedies for relief.

Oatmeal baths or lotions can provide relief from itching or burning caused by certain skin lesions.

If chafing is causing contact dermatitis in places where the skin rubs against itself or a piece of clothing, absorbent powders or protective balms can reduce friction and prevent additional skin lesions from developing.

Read this article in Spanish.

Products to try

Home remedies can help soothe itchy, uncomfortable skin. Shop for them online:

• colloidal oatmeal bath products
• oatmeal lotion
• absorbent body powder
• anti-chafe balm

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Causes, 71 pictures of symptoms, and treatments

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A rash is defined as a widespread eruption of skin lesions. It is a very broad medical term. Rashes can vary widely in appearance, and causes range from insect bites to HIV and reactions to medications.

A rash can affect one part of the body or cover a large area. Rashes can also be dry, moist, bumpy, smooth, cracked, or blistered. They can involve pain, itching, and color changes.

Some rashes will clear up on their own, some respond to home remedies, but others might be a sign of something more serious that needs medical attention.

Rashes can happen for many reasons, including skin infections, allergies, and medications. They can also result from bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections and other diseases.

In this article, learn about 71 possible causes of a rash and see images showing how they might appear.

Allergies and sensitivities to food and other substances can cause skin rashes.

One of the most common causes of rashes — contact dermatitis — occurs when the skin has a reaction to something that it has touched. The skin may become inflamed, and the rash tends to be weepy and oozy.

Common causes include:

• dyes in clothes
• beauty products
• poisonous plants, such as poison ivy and sumac
• chemicals, such as latex or rubber

A food allergy can also cause a rash and other symptoms.

Hives (urticaria) is a rash that often occurs with an allergic or sensitivity reaction. Pruritis is an itchy rash. Hives appear as raised bumps, but on lighter skin, they may also be pink or reddish.

How do hives appear on darker skin tones?

An allergy can also cause swelling, breathing problems, and other symptoms. This may be a sign of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that needs urgent medical attention. It can be life threatening.

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life threatening. The symptoms develop suddenly and include:

• hives
• swelling of the face or mouth
• wheezing
• fast, shallow breathing
• a fast heart rate
• clammy skin
• anxiety or confusion
• dizziness
• vomiting
• blue or white lips
• fainting or loss of consciousness

If someone has these symptoms:

1. Check whether they are carrying an epinephrine pen. If they are, follow the instructions on the side of the pen to use it.
2. Dial 911 or the number of the nearest emergency department.
3. Lay the person down from a standing position. If they have vomited, turn them onto their side.
4. Stay with them until the emergency services arrive.

Some people may need more than one epinephrine injection. If the symptoms do not improve in 5–15 minutes, or they come back, use a second pen if the person has one.

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The following slides show pictures of rashes due to contact dermatitis, a hay fever rash, and other allergic and sensitivity reactions. To see all the pictures on one screen, click “view all.”

Certain medications can cause rashes in some people, either as a side effect or an allergic reaction.

Some medications, including certain antibiotics, can also cause photophobia or photosensitivity. This means they make the individual more susceptible to sunlight. The photosensitivity reaction looks similar to a sunburn.

In an allergic reaction, a person’s immune system mistakenly attacks the medication as if it were a pathogen. Symptoms vary depending on the individual and the drug but can include:

• a rash, including hives
• itchy skin or eyes
• swelling

Anyone who experiences a drug reaction should contact their doctor. They may need to change the dose or the drug.

If a person has severe symptoms or finds it difficult to breathe, they should call 911 immediately or go straight to the emergency room.

Why does treatment cause side effects?

The images in the slideshow below show some ways medications, vaccines, and allergy testing might affect the skin.

Infections that involve bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites can also cause a rash. These rashes will vary depending on the type of infection. For instance, candidiasis, a common fungal infection, causes an itchy rash that generally appears in skin folds.

Anyone who believes they may have an infection should seek medical advice.

The slides below include pictures of 29 types of bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral rashes.

These rashes can appear with:

1. fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
2. impetigo
3. shingles
4. scarlet fever
5. rheumatic fever
6. mononucleosis (“mono”)
7. measles
8. candidiasis, a yeast infection
9. ringworm
10. rubella
11. meningitis
12. sepsis and septic shock
13. cellulitis
14. methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
15. chickenpox
16. toxic shock syndrome
17. hand, foot, and mouth
18. syphilis
19. COVID-19, symptoms of which can include “COVID toes“
20. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a type of bacterial pneumonia
21. erysipelas
22. histoplasmosis
23. lymphangitis
24. HIV rash, which can be an early sign of HIV
25. acrodermatitis, which can happen with late-stage Lyme disease
26. West Nile virus
27. dengue fever
28. hookworm
29. scabies

To see all the pictures, click “view all.”

An autoimmune disease occurs when an individual’s immune system begins to attack healthy tissue. There are many autoimmune diseases. They can cause symptoms throughout the body, including rashes.

In the following slides, find examples of rashes and skin changes that can occur with:

1. a type of eczema known as atopic dermatitis
2. sarcoidosis
3. plaque psoriasis
4. inverse psoriasis
5. erythrodermic psoriasis
6. guttate psoriasis
7. psoriatic arthritis
8. systemic lupus erythematosus, also known as lupus
9. bullous pemphigoid
10. adult-onset Still’s disease

Learn more

Some skin conditions can appear differently on darker skin tones, making misdiagnosis more likely.

• How can psoriasis appear on darker skin?
• How can eczema appear on darker skin?
• What does a lupus rash look like on darker skin?
• How can ringworm, shingles, and other rashes appear on darker skin?

Many insects can cause a rash through a bite or sting. Although the reaction will vary depending on the person and the animal, symptoms often include:

• a rash
• redness, purple, or darkening of the skin, depending on the skin tone
• itching
• pain
• swelling at the site of the bite or sting
• more widespread swelling

Other causes of rashes outdoors include hay fever (seasonal allergy) and exposure to poison ivy and other plants. If a person has a skin reaction to pollen, poison ivy, a jellyfish sting, brown-tail moth caterpillars, and other plants or animals, a doctor may refer to it as contact dermatitis.

The images below show how a skin reaction or rash may affect people after exposure to:

1. wasp sting
2. fleabites
3. poison ivy
4. a brown-tail moth caterpillar
5. stinging nettles or jellyfish
6. grass

What is the difference between fleabites and bed bug bites?

What is a bee sting allergy?

Chemical burns can occur when a person comes in direct contact with a chemical or its fumes, including some household products. Symptoms vary but can include:

• skin that appears black or dead
• irritation or burning in the affected area
• redness or a darkening of the skin, depending on the skin tone
• numbness and pain

Inhaling the fumes could lead to swelling of the throat, lips, and tongue and difficulty breathing.

Some people have a reaction to the perfumes or chemicals in soaps, shampoos, and other products. A doctor may class these types of reactions as contact dermatitis.

The images below show how various exposures can affect the skin.

Other health conditions

A range of other health conditions can involve a rash or skin reaction. They include circulatory problems, hormonal conditions, and others.

The pictures below show examples of rashes due to:

1. Stasis dermatitis
2. Addison’s disease
3. Dermatitis neglecta
4. Dermatomyositis
5. Panniculitis, a complication of gout
6. Ichyosis vulgaris
7. Porphyria
8. Kawasaki disease

Rashes come in many forms and develop for many reasons.

However, some basic measures can speed up recovery and ease some of the discomfort:

• Use mild soap, baby soap, or soap for sensitive skin. Avoid scented soaps.
• Wash in warm water, not hot water.
• Wear loose-fitting cotton clothes.
• Ask a doctor or pharmacist about using moisturizers and emollients.
• Do not cover a rash with a Band-Aid or bandage.
• Do not rub the rash dry. Instead, pat it.
• For a dry rash, for instance, in eczema, use unscented moisturizers.
• Avoid any cosmetics or lotions that may be causing the rash, for instance, newly purchased items.
• Avoid scratching, as scratching increases the risk of infection.
• Ask a pharmacist about over-the-counter cortisone creams to ease itching.
• Calamine can relieve some rashes, such as poison ivy, chickenpox, and poison oak.
• For rashes due to chronic diseases, such as psoriasis, managing stress may help reduce symptoms.

If a rash causes pain, acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be useful. These can help manage symptoms but will not treat the cause of the rash.

It is important to speak with a doctor before taking any medication. Compare brands before purchasing over-the-counter or online products, to ensure the product is suitable.

What are some natural and home remedies for itching?

If a rash occurs with the following features, a person should seek medical advice:

• a sore throat
• pain in joints
• a recent animal or insect bite
• red, purple, or dark streaks near the rash
• tender regions near the rash
• a large collection of pus

Most rashes are not a major cause for concern, but anyone with the following symptoms should seek emergency medical care:

• quickly changing coloration on the skin
• difficulty breathing or feeling like the throat is closing up
• increasing pain or severe pain
• high fever
• confusion
• dizziness
• swelling of the face or extremities
• severe pain in the neck or head
• repeated vomiting or diarrhea

Rashes can appear differently depending on a person’s skin tone, which can affect diagnosis. Here, find out how various rashes may appear in different skin colors.

Rashes can happen for many reasons. Some are mild and need no intervention, while others can be a sign of a severe underlying disorder.

Knowing how to recognize skin changes can help a person access early treatment for conditions that could otherwise lead to severe complications.

Skin ulcer treatment pulmonologist consultation in St. Petersburg

Skin ulcer treatment pulmonologist consultation in St. Petersburg

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• Skin ulcer

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An ulcer is a skin defect in which superficial tissues die and a painful wound is formed. It has a moist surface, sanious or purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. Ulcers heal very poorly, because they are accompanied by impaired blood circulation and tissue nutrition. Often, a skin defect exists for several months or even years. Effective treatment of an ulcer is impossible without finding out its cause, so patients are advised not to delay a visit to the doctor.

Causes of skin ulcers

Ulcerative-necrotic lesions of the skin occur when:
● diseases of arteries and veins – atherosclerosis, thromboangiitis obliterans, vasculitis, varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency
● diabetes mellitus
● infectious diseases – tuberculosis, syphilis, ringworm, leishmaniasis
● wounds, injuries, burns and frostbite
● diseases of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves
● skin neoplasms – melanoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma

Types of ulcers

According to the depth of the lesion, superficial defects (I degree) are distinguished, which affect only the skin, and deep foci (II-III degree), when subcutaneous tissue, muscles, tendons are involved in the process. Another classification takes into account the size of the skin ulcer: from small to giant. This information is necessary for the doctor to determine the tactics of treatment.

Which doctor to contact

If an ulcer develops on the skin, it is recommended to consult a dermatologist. Then the doctor may refer you to a surgeon, endocrinologist or neurologist for an examination in order to more accurately determine the cause of the skin disease. For your convenience, ID-Clinic provides not only full-time appointments with doctors, but also online consultations. Thus, you can get general doctor’s advice without leaving your home using your smartphone or computer.

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Diagnosis of skin ulcer

● Imprint smear microscopy and bacteriological culture of discharge to determine the type of pathogens
● Ultrasound of the vessels of the lower extremities with dopplerography for suspected diseases of the arterial or venous system
● a blood test for glucose, according to indications – a glucose tolerance test and other methods for diagnosing diabetes
● tissue biopsy with histological examination in case of suspected malignancy of the ulcer

Skin ulcer treatments

Local drug therapy
Treatment of the ulcer is carried out with the help of antiseptics, local antibiotics, anti-inflammatory creams. To remove the scab, preparations with enzymes and heparin are used. After the elimination of acute inflammation, wound healing ointments are applied.
Surgical preparation
For large ulcers, it is necessary to remove all dead tissue and pathological discharge, thoroughly clean the wound from microorganisms. For complete sanitation of the ulcer, several surgical procedures may be required.
Elimination of cause
During the examination, doctors find out the underlying disease that caused the skin lesion, and prescribe medications to correct it. These can be venotonics, anticoagulants, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic drugs.

Make an appointment with a doctor

Face-to-face appointments and online consultations with ID-Clinic doctors are carried out only by appointment to avoid overlaps and queues. Leave your phone number on the site, and we will select a convenient time for you to visit the clinic.

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B01. 008.001	Primary appointment (examination, consultation) with a dermatovenereologist	3000 ₽
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Visited Viktoria Valerievna a year ago. Unfortunately, my nail did not succumb to the appointments of Victoria Valerievna, I continue the battle. We agreed that I would come again if there were no improvements, but I never got around to it. Now, on the case: the doctor explains everything, in relation to the case, explains all the nuances. Looking at other people’s scary nails, probably, does not always encourage tactful communication, but this is not the case. I think you can and should go to the doctor.

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Trophic ulcer on the skin – symptoms, causes, signs, diagnosis and treatment in the “SM-Clinic”

Phlebologist deals with the treatment of this disease

• What is it?
• Types of trophic ulcer
• Trophic ulcer symptoms
• Causes of trophic ulcers
• Trophic ulcer diagnostics
• Expert opinion
• Conservative treatment of trophic ulcer
• Surgical treatment of trophic ulcer
• Questions and answers
• Doctors

Types of trophic ulcer

Depending on the etiological factor, trophic ulcer can be of the following types:

• venous – caused by varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency;
• arterial – provoked by the pathology of the arteries, more often by atherosclerosis;
• diabetic – more often occurs against the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• hypertensive – develops in severe hypertension;
• infectious – observed with syphilis, tuberculosis;
• neurotrophic – due to disorders in the functioning of the nervous system, more often a spinal injury.

If only the skin is affected, they speak of a superficial trophic ulcer. If subcutaneous fat is involved in the process, the ulcer is considered deep. When muscles and bones are affected, the defect is classified as very deep. Small ulcers are called defects with an area of ​​​​up to 5 cm², medium – up to 20 cm², large – up to 50 cm², giant – more than 50 cm².

Symptoms of a trophic ulcer

The imminent appearance of a trophic ulcer on an extremity may be indicated by increased pain in the legs, pronounced edema, impaired skin sensitivity, and the formation of a local cyanotic spot. The location of the defect is often the lower leg, foot, interdigital spaces.

Due to the accumulation of toxic substances, the quality of the skin changes significantly. It becomes thick, tightly attached to the fiber, it is impossible to move it with your fingers or take it into a fold. Over time, hyperpigmentation and severe dryness appear, the skin acquires an unnatural shine. Later, cracks form in the zone of changes, through which lymph is released drop by drop. The formation of a whitish spot indicates the aggravation of atrophic changes.

Further, imperceptibly for the patient himself, the skin is injured. To form a defect, a small scratch or damage in the shoe is enough. Some patients develop multiple small wounds in the area of ​​skin cracks. First, a small, red weeping wound appears. Gradually, its edges expand. It is possible to merge several ulcers into one, larger one. Over time, the depth of the defect increases, active wetting is observed, and an unpleasant odor appears.

Causes of trophic ulcers

The following diseases can provoke the formation of trophic ulcers:

• Venous insufficiency, vasculitis, varicose veins. Trophic changes are caused by a violation of the outflow of venous blood.
• Arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis. Chronic ischemia of tissues is observed, as a result of changes in pressure in the arteries or a violation of their patency.
• Diabetes mellitus. Accompanied by microcirculatory disturbances in peripheral areas, changes in the acid-base state of tissues, and nerve damage.
• Injuries. An ulcer can occur as a result of damage to the spinal structures or peripheral nerve fibers, as well as after frostbite, deep burns.

Infectious factors, intoxications, prolonged forced position of the body play a certain role in the development of the disease. However, in more than 70% of cases, ulcers are formed due to chronic pathologies of the veins.

Get advice

If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

To learn more about the disease, prices for treatment and sign up for a consultation with a specialist, you can call:

+7 (495) 292-39-72

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Why SM-Clinic?

1

Treatment is carried out in accordance with clinical recommendations

2

Comprehensive assessment of the nature of the disease and treatment prognosis

3

Modern diagnostic equipment and own laboratory

4

High level of service and balanced pricing policy

Diagnosis of a trophic ulcer

With a trophic ulcer, it is advisable to contact a phlebologist. Diagnosis of pathology is not difficult, the diagnosis is established at the stage of an objective examination of the patient. However, there are no specific treatments for the disease. Fighting only a skin defect with medications is ineffective if the underlying disease that causes skin damage is not treated.

In order to identify the etiological factor, the phlebologist conducts a thorough survey of the patient, collects an anamnesis. Based on the information received, the doctor prescribes an instrumental examination. If venous pathology is suspected, ultrasound duplex scanning and dopplerography are indicated. If there is a suspicion of diabetes, a blood sugar test is prescribed and an endocrinologist is consulted. If there is a history of spinal injury, the patient is examined by a neurosurgeon.

To select the optimal treatment tactics, an examination of the arteries of the extremities is carried out, and a bacteriological analysis of the discharge from the wound is prescribed (determines the type of pathogens and their sensitivity to antibacterial agents).

Expert opinion

Trophic ulcers are always a secondary process that develops against the background of the underlying disease (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, varicose veins, etc.). This means that if you take control of the causative pathology, then you can avoid trophic disorders in the skin. However, even if you consult a doctor at the first signs of ulcer formation, you will be able to avoid severe disabling consequences that can progress quite quickly.

Gon Igor Alexandrovich,
surgeon, phlebologist, doctor of the highest category, Ph.D.

Methods of treatment

Treatment of trophic ulcers is aimed at stopping the symptoms and suppressing the pathogenetic mechanisms of the underlying disease, preventing infection of the skin defect and stimulating its healing. It requires an integrated approach and active participation, both on the part of the doctor and the patient. In complex therapy, conservative and surgical techniques are used. After the ulcer has healed, the patient must be constantly monitored by a doctor and undergo courses of treatment for the underlying pathology in order to maintain the remission stage. Therapy of superficial defects is possible on an outpatient basis, with deep ulcers and a severe course of the underlying disease, treatment is carried out in a hospital.

Conservative treatment

The first step is to control the disease that caused the ulcer. With venous insufficiency, venotonics and antiplatelet agents are prescribed. With atherosclerosis, a diet and drugs from the statin group are indicated. In diabetes mellitus, lipid-lowering agents, antiplatelet agents, and drugs to improve microcirculation are selected.

Almost all patients with trophic ulcers require lifestyle changes. It is important to exclude any load on the affected area. In some cases, strict bed rest may be prescribed.

Direct treatment of an ulcer involves daily cleansing of the surrounding tissues with water and soap and debridement of the skin defect with antiseptic agents. To prevent infection and septic complications, systemic antibiotics are prescribed, taking into account the results of a sensitivity test. For resorption of the scab and thrombotic masses, compresses with enzymes, heparin are applied; to stop inflammation, agents with a hormonal component, preparations based on dexpanthenol are used.

It is important to dress regularly and use sterile dry dressings to protect the wound. In stationary conditions, physiotherapy procedures are often prescribed that accelerate healing. Patients with venous insufficiency are shown to use compression underwear during the treatment period and after the defect has healed.

Surgical treatment

In case of varicose ulcers, after the defect has healed, surgical removal of the affected veins or treatment using non-surgical methods (laser coagulation, adhesive obliteration, radiofrequency ablation) can be performed. In case of damage to the arteries, revascularizing operations are performed aimed at restoring the trophism of peripheral tissues. For large defects that do not heal for a long time, a surgical operation involves skin plasty of the wound.

Questions and Answers

If you have a problem, you can contact a dermatologist, therapist, endocrinologist. Most patients are treated by a phlebologist.

Treatment includes washing the wound, treatment with antibacterial and healing agents, regular dressings. However, even strict adherence to these recommendations does not guarantee the healing of a trophic ulcer, since the underlying disease remains untreated. Procrastination and attempts to self-treat are the main mistakes of patients with trophic skin defects. Some of them get to the doctor after the wound becomes deep and reaches the bone tissue. Some patients delay the visit to a specialist until the color of the limb changes, which may be a sign of gangrene.

Doctors prescribe drugs based on heparin and dexpanthenol. Means with a combined composition of several antibiotics are used. It is possible to use hormonal creams and ointments. A good effect is given by drugs with an antibacterial, hormonal, antifungal and healing component. When choosing a local remedy, it is important to take into account the features of the development of the disease. Often, doctors recommend that patients alternate several drugs at once.

No. A predisposing factor to the development of the disease are microcirculatory disorders, which are “own” for each patient. Trophic ulcers are a consequence of circulatory disorders and activation of their own opportunistic flora. The danger is infections that can enter an open wound and be released along with the exudate. Naturally, when caring for a person, you must carefully follow the rules of hygiene so as not to transfer the pathogenic flora to your skin and not to infect the ulcer through unwashed hands or dressings.

Babadzhanov B.R., Sultanov I.Yu. “Complex therapy of long-term non-healing trophic ulcers”. Angiology and Vascular Surgery 2002.