What causes sternum pain? Is it related to CoolSculpting or breast augmentation? Find out the common causes of sternum pain, including costochondritis, injuries, and infections.

Understanding Sternum Pain

The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is a long, flat bone located in the center of the chest. It connects the ribs together and provides attachment points for several muscles. Pain in the sternum area, also referred to as sternum pain or chest wall pain, can have various causes that do not necessarily involve the sternum itself.

Costochondritis: The Most Common Cause of Sternum Pain

Costochondritis is the most common cause of sternum pain. It occurs when the cartilage that connects the sternum to the ribs becomes inflamed. Symptoms of costochondritis include sharp aches or pains on the side of the sternum, pain or discomfort in one or more ribs, and worsening of pain when breathing deeply or coughing. Costochondritis is usually not a serious condition and often has no specific cause, though it can be triggered by physical strain or chest injury.

Other Causes of Sternum Pain

In addition to costochondritis, other potential causes of sternum pain include:

• Sternoclavicular injury: Trauma to the joint where the collarbone meets the sternum, often caused by high-impact activities or accidents.
• Collarbone injury: Injuries to the collarbone near the sternum can also cause pain in the sternum area.
• Intercostal nerve inflammation: Strain or inflammation of the muscles and nerves between the ribs can lead to sternum pain.
• Rib joint infection: A rare condition where the joints between the ribs and sternum become infected, usually in people with certain medical conditions.
• Sternum tumors: While uncommon, tumors can form on the sternum and cause pain and swelling.

Sternum Pain and Cosmetic Procedures

Can cosmetic treatments like CoolSculpting or breast augmentation cause sternum pain? Let’s take a closer look:

CoolSculpting and Sternum Pain

CoolSculpting, a non-invasive fat reduction procedure, can cause swelling and bruising in the treated areas. If the chest or sternum area was treated, this could potentially lead to temporary sternum pain. However, the pain is more likely to be caused by the side effects of the procedure itself rather than any direct impact on the sternum.

Breast Augmentation and Sternum Pain

Sternum pain is a common side effect of breast augmentation surgery, especially when the implants are placed under the chest muscles (submuscular augmentation). During the procedure, the surgeon may need to detach or disrupt some of the attachments of the pectoral muscle to the sternum in order to create space for the implant. This can leave the area sore and cause discomfort in the sternum for several weeks after the surgery.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you are experiencing persistent or severe sternum pain, it’s important to consult with your healthcare provider. They can perform a physical examination, order any necessary tests, and determine the underlying cause of your pain. Seeking medical attention is especially important if the pain is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or fever.

Managing Sternum Pain

The treatment for sternum pain will depend on the underlying cause. In the case of costochondritis or minor injuries, over-the-counter pain relievers, rest, and applying ice or heat to the affected area can help provide relief. More severe or persistent cases may require prescription medications, physical therapy, or, in rare cases, surgical intervention.

Preventing Sternum Pain

While some causes of sternum pain, such as injuries or medical conditions, may not be fully preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Practice good posture and avoid activities that put excessive strain on the chest and upper body.
• Warm up properly before engaging in physical activities and exercise.
• If you have a history of medical conditions that can contribute to sternum pain, work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your condition effectively.

Sternum pain can be a source of discomfort, but understanding the potential causes and seeking appropriate medical care can help you find relief and prevent further complications. Remember, if you have persistent or worrying chest pain, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional.

Pain Between Breast Bone And CoolSculpting: Are They Related?

Pain between the breast bone, also referred to as sternum pain, can be caused by various conditions that don’t necessarily have anything to do with your sternum itself. Your sternum connects the two sides of your rib cage together and is situated in front of many major organs (heart, lungs, and stomach) located in your chest and gut. But it’s only natural to wonder if cosmetic treatments such as CoolSculpting can cause pain between breast bone if conducted especially in the chest area.

So is pain between the breast bone and CoolSculpting related? CoolSculpting comes with several side effects, such as swelling and bruises. These are normal and should go away after days or weeks. If you’ve had CoolSculpting near the chest area, the swelling and bruising could be the reasons behind your sternum pain. However, there are instances that the pain can be caused by something else and this is something that should be checked by your doctor.

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Common Causes of Sternum Pain

Think of your first reaction to chest pain, especially if it’s the consistent or severe kind. You probably think that you may be having a heart attack, but in a lot of cases, pain in the chest has nothing to do with the heart. Sternum pain can work similarly and is more likely to be caused by conditions that have nothing to do with your sternum itself. The pain could be caused by your muscles, bones, and your digestive tract.

Costochondritis is the most common cause of sternum pain which occurs when the cartilage that connects your sternum to your ribs becomes inflamed. Symptoms include sharp aches or pains on the side of your sternum, pain or discomfort in one or more ribs which gets worse when you breathe deeply or when you cough. 

The condition doesn’t always have a specific cause, but the likely culprits are physical strain, chest injury, or joint conditions such as arthritis. Fortunately, costochondritis is not a serious condition and shouldn’t be a cause for alarm.

Sternum pain can also be a result of conditions or injuries to the bones and muscles around your sternum. These conditions include injury in the joints or collarbone, hernias, fractures, and surgery on the sternum, such as open heart surgery. Such injuries are:

• Sternoclavicular injury – this is an injury to the joint where the clavicle meets the sternum. Traumatic injuries to this joint can be caused by high energy impacts, such as contact sports and motor vehicle accidents. There’s also a traumatic sternoclavicular joint injury, which occurs when there is no outside force or cause but the sternum still gets injured, inflamed, or irritated.
• Collarbone injury – your sternum can also get hurt by collarbone injuries that happen near it. If you have an injured collarbone and it didn’t heal properly, it can cause pain to your joint.
• Intercostal nerve inflammation – this happens when you strain a muscle in between your ribs. This strain can cause pain in your sternum and the nerves that control the intercostal muscles can also become inflamed. This is called intercostal neuralgia.
• Rib joint infection – this rare condition occurs when the sternocostal joints get infected by the staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. It usually happens to intravenous drug abusers, people with diabetes mellitus, those with rheumatoid arthritis, and those with immune system disorders. This bacterial infection inflames the joints and causes pain. Surgery is usually required for treatment.
• Tumor – tumors can form on the bones in your sternum, although this rarely happens. If you have developed a sternum tumor, it can grow into a mass in the center of your chest. You will experience pain radiating from the mass and the tissue can swell. Your intercostal muscles may become weak and begin to atrophy, which results in pain as well.

Sternum Pain And Breast Augmentation

If you’ve recently had breast augmentation or got a breast implant, it’s natural to have pain in the sterna area, especially after a submuscular augment. It occurs when the medial pectoral fibers are attached in the sterna area and stretched. 

Also, most surgeons will disrupt some of the attachments of your pectoralis major muscle to the lower portion of your sternum while putting the implants under the muscle. The pocket beneath the chest muscle is usually enlarged to make room for the implant by detaching some of the insertions of the pectoralis muscle.

This will leave the area sore for a while after plastic surgery and discomfort in the sternum can last around 10 to 14 days. This should be resolved within the first month after the procedure. Your cosmetic surgeon will discuss this with you during your initial consultation for breast surgery.

You may also experience spasms due to the stretching of the muscles and nerves. These should all go away after some time, so there’s really no need to worry. You can take anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen to treat the discomfort after about a week after surgery.

Sternum Pain and Breast Cancer

Many women experience lasting pain or discomfort in the chest or breast area after undergoing breast cancer surgery. The condition is called post mastectomy reconstruction syndrome (PMRS) and a natural effect from having mastectomy, which is the surgical removal of the breast and underlying tissue. PRMS can also occur after having other breast cancer treatments apart from breast reconstruction, such as lymph node biopsy, radiation, chemotherapy, and reconstruction.

Symptoms include tightness or pain in the shoulder, muscle spasms or pain, and muscle loss in the chest wall. Women who have PMRS can also experience swelling and sensitivity of the chest wall, restricted range of motion, and axillary web syndrome or cording (formation of ropelike tissue structures form under the skin of the arms).

The pain, whether it’s the usual level expected or severe postoperative pain, is managed after surgery. Treatments for PMRS range from medication to physical therapy. Doctors may recommend getting botulinum toxin or Botox injections to reduce or eliminate painful spasms.

CoolSculpting and Sternum Pain

CoolSculpting, also known as Cryolipolysis, is a fat reduction procedure designed to eliminate the stubborn pockets of fat in the subcutaneous layer that cling to certain parts of the body and can’t be resolved by diet and exercise. It involves the use of an applicator to freeze the fat cells and destroy them while leaving the non-fatty tissue intact, thus keeping them safe from destruction.

After the freezing process, the applicator is removed and your doctor will massage the treated area to stimulate the dispersion of the destroyed cells. These cells will be flushed out of your body naturally through your lymphatic system. After the session, you can safely resume your normal activities since the downtime is minimal to none.

The results of your CoolSculpting procedure will be gradual, so don’t expect dramatic transformations right after your treatment. Depending on the area treated, results will take weeks or sometimes months to fully show. This is because your body needs time to flush out the destroyed fat cells out of your system. Your new contours will slowly reveal itself while you wait for the full results to become visible. For some patients, CoolSculpting can have a skin tightening effect as well.

So where does sternum pain come in? A CoolSculpting procedure comes with its own set of side effects, which are normal and should recede after days or weeks. Some of the expected effects are swelling and bruising. Now if you have had CoolSculpting work done on areas near your chest, it can result in pain or discomfort after the treatment and you may feel the effects between your breast bone, thus the sternum pain.

Is CoolSculpting Good For You?

CoolSculpting is a safe and effective non-invasive procedure approved by the FDA to use for several parts of the body, such as the chin, neck, arms, upper and lower abdomen, hips, thighs, and buttocks. The ideal patient for the stubborn fat treatment is someone who is already close to her ideal weight and preferably not more than 25 pounds above it. You should have enough fat to fill the CoolSculpting applicator.

If you are on the obese side or weight 25 pounds more than your ideal weight, your doctor will likely recommend that you lose the extra pounds first before you can get cleared for CoolSculpting treatment. It should be emphasized that CoolSculpting is a body contouring procedure designed for fat reduction and not a weight loss solution. It’s ideal for those who are down to their last few pockets of unwanted fat that diet and exercise can’t remove anymore.

Why Choose CoolSculpting Over Liposuction

Liposuction is definitely effective when it comes to fat removal. However, it’s a surgical procedure and not all people are keen to undergo cosmetic surgery. CoolSculpting is a great alternative for these people since the treatment doesn’t require incisions, general anesthesia, and long recovery time.

CoolSculpting may multiple sessions to get the results you really want and ideal only for people who are already close to their ideal weight. You also need to wait considerably to see the full effects of the treatment. If you’re someone who couldn’t lose the extra pounds and would prefer to have dramatic results quickly, maybe liposuction is the better option for you. This should be discussed with your doctor or plastic surgeon in order to determine the best treatment plan for you.

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You get nothing less than the safest, most effective customized cosmetic procedure that utilizes the latest advances in non-invasive cosmetic treatments and technologies. The center’s team of experts can address all types of cosmetic issues such as facial wrinkles, excess skin, and excess fat in various parts of the body. Call now and make an appointment for your CoolSculpting treatment.

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Symptoms of secondary breast cancer

Secondary breast cancer means that a cancer that began in the breast has spread to another part of the body. Secondary cancer can also be called advanced or metastatic cancer.

It might not mean that you have secondary breast cancer if you have the symptoms described below. They can be caused by other conditions.

Tell your doctor or specialist nurse if you’re worried about a symptom or if it continues for more than a few days.

General symptoms

• feeling tired
• low energy levels
• feeling under the weather
• having less appetite
• unexplained weight loss

Where can breast cancer spread?

The most common places for breast cancer to spread to are the lymph nodes, bone, liver, lungs and brain. The symptoms you may experience will depend on where in the body the cancer has spread to. You might not have all of the symptoms mentioned here.

Remember other conditions can cause these symptoms. They don’t necessarily mean that you have cancer that has spread. But if you have symptoms that you are worried about, discuss them with your GP, cancer specialist, or breast care nurse so that you can be checked.

Symptoms if cancer has spread to the lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are part of a system of tubes and glands in the body that filters body fluids and fights infection. 

The most common symptom if cancer has spread to the lymph nodes is that they feel hard or swollen. You might have any of the following symptoms if your cancer has spread to the lymph nodes:

• a lump or swelling under your armpit
• swelling in your arm or hand (lymphoedema)
• a lump or swelling in your breast bone or collar bone area

One of the first places breast cancer can spread to is the lymph nodes under the arm on the same side as the breast cancer. This is not a secondary cancer. 

Symptoms if cancer has spread to the bones

You may have any of these symptoms if your cancer has spread to the bones:

• an ache or pain in the affected bone
• breaks in the bones because they are weaker
• breathlessness, looking pale, bruising and bleeding due to low levels of blood cells – blood cells are made in the bone marrow and can be crowded out by the cancer cells

Sometimes when bones are damaged by advanced cancer, the bones release calcium into the blood. This is called hypercalcaemia and can cause various symptoms such as:

• tiredness
• feeling sick (nausea)
• constipation
• irritability
• thirst
• confusion

Spinal cord compression

Breast cancer can spread to the bones in the spine causing pressure on the spinal cord. The pressure can stop the nerves from working normally. This is called spinal cord compression.

This can be serious and needs urgent medical attention. It is important to speak to your doctor or phone your advice helpline straight away if you have symptoms.

Symptoms include pain anywhere in your back or neck or the sensation of a band around your body.

Symptoms if cancer has spread to the liver

You may have any of the following symptoms if cancer has spread to your liver:

• tiredness
• discomfort or pain on the right side of your tummy (abdomen) where the liver is
• feeling sick (nausea)
• loss of appetite
• a swollen abdomen
• yellowing of the skin or itchy skin (jaundice)

Symptoms if cancer has spread to the lungs

You may have any of these symptoms if your cancer has spread into the lungs:

• a cough that doesn’t go away
• shortness of breath
• ongoing chest infections
• weight loss
• chest pain
• coughing up blood
• a build up of fluid between the chest wall and the lung (a pleural effusion)

A build up of fluid between the lung and chest wall stops the lungs from expanding fully. When you breathe in, it can cause shortness of breath, achy chest, discomfort and heaviness.

Symptoms if cancer has spread to the brain

Cancer that has spread to the brain can cause different symptoms depending on where in the brain is affected. You might have any of these symptoms:

• headaches
• weakness or numbness in your limbs
• memory problems
• behaving in a way that is unusual for you
• feeling or being sick
• seizures (fits)
• changes to your eyesight such as loss of sight (vision)
• confusion and difficulty understanding
• difficulty speaking

Treatment to control these symptoms

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted drugs, and hormone therapies can all be used to treat secondary breast cancer. These might shrink the cancer and help to control any symptoms you have.

Your doctor or specialist nurse (key worker) can:

• give you medicines
• help you to get equipment that you need
• suggest other ways of controlling your symptoms
• refer you to a symptom control team (a palliative care team)

Your doctor or nurse may ask you to write down your symptoms and the side effects of your treatment. This is to so they can understand how you are coping and how they can help to reduce the side effects.

Symptom control team

There are symptom control teams in most cancer units. They can help you to stay as well as possible for as long as possible. They are also in hospices and many general hospitals.

Most symptom control teams have home care services so they can visit you at home.

• Advanced breast cancer: diagnosis and treatment

  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2009,  Last updated: 2017

• Improving supportive and palliative care for adults with cancer
  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2004

• Advanced breast cancer: managing complications
  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE updated:2020

• 4th ESO–ESMO International Consensus Guidelines for Advanced Breast Cancer

  F Cardoso and others

  Annals of Oncology, 2018. Volume 29, Pages 1634–1657,

• AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (8th edition)
  American Joint Committee on Cancer
  Springer, 2016

Last reviewed: 

10 Feb 2021

Next review due: 

10 Feb 2024

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Chest pain – causes, diseases, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

Description

Chest pain is an unpleasant sensation, discomfort or sharp pain that occurs in the chest area. It can be different in nature, intensity and duration. Chest pain can be caused by a variety of causes, including problems with the heart, lungs, digestive system, chest muscles and bones, and neurological or psychological factors. If you experience chest pain, it is recommended to consult a doctor to diagnose and determine the cause of the pain.

Why chest pain is dangerous

Chest pain may be a sign of a serious condition and should be evaluated medically. In some cases, it may be associated with potentially dangerous conditions, such as:

1. Heart problems: Chest pain may be a sign of heart pain such as angina or myocardial infarction. These conditions require immediate medical attention as they can be life threatening.

2. Lung problems: Some lung problems, such as pulmonary embolism or pneumothorax, can cause chest pain and be life-threatening.

3. Gastrointestinal problems: Acid reflux, stomach ulcers, or pancreatitis may cause chest pain or discomfort that requires diagnosis and treatment.

4. Muscles and bones of the chest: Trauma, damage to the muscles, bones or cartilage in the chest area can cause pain. In rare cases, it may be associated with tumors or infections.

5. Neurological problems: Some neurological conditions, including intercostal neuralgia or neuropathic pain, can cause chest pain.

Physiological causes of chest pain

Physiological causes of chest pain may be related to normal bodily function or temporary conditions. Some of them include:

1. Chest muscles: Tension or stretching of the chest muscles, for example after exercise or heavy lifting, may cause pain or discomfort.

2. Bone and cartilage changes: Osteochondrosis or deformities of the spine can cause pain in the chest.

3. Expansion of the thoracic aorta: In some people, the thoracic aorta may be slightly dilated, which may cause discomfort or mild chest pain.

4. Hormonal changes: In some cases, hormonal changes, such as during menstruation or pregnancy, can cause mild chest pain.

5. Inflammation of the costal cartilages: Costochondritis is an inflammatory condition of the costal cartilages that can lead to pain in the thoracic region.

6. Intercostal neuralgia: Inflammation or irritation of the nerve in the intercostal spaces can cause acute pain in the chest.

Pathological causes of chest pain

Pathological causes of chest pain can be associated with various diseases and conditions of organs and systems of the body. Some of them include:

1. Heart problems: Angina (angina pectoris), myocardial infarction, pericarditis, and other heart conditions can cause chest pain.

2. Pulmonary problems: Pneumonia, obstructive pulmonary disease (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), pleurisy, and other lung diseases may be associated with chest pain.

3. Gastrointestinal problems: Acid reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease), stomach ulcers, pancreatitis, and other gastrointestinal problems can cause chest pain or discomfort.

4. Chest Muscles and Bones: Periostitis, intercostal neuralgia, chest trauma, and other muscle and bone problems in the chest may be associated with pain.

5. Psychological Causes: Stress, anxiety, panic attacks and other psychological factors can cause chest pain.

6. Other conditions: Cancer, chest inflammation, diaphragmatic hernia, and other conditions can also be associated with chest pain.

Associated symptoms

Symptoms associated with chest pain may vary depending on the cause of the pain. Some common accompanying symptoms may include:

1. Feeling of pressure or tightness in the chest.
2. Burning or stinging sensation in the chest.
3. Pain extending to the neck, shoulders, arms or back.
4. Rapid heartbeat or abnormal heart rhythm.
5. Shortness of breath or labored breathing.
6. Dizziness or fainting.
7. Sweating or cold feeling.
8. Nausea, vomiting or stomach discomfort.
9. Weakness or feeling tired.
10. Fear or anxiety.

What are the scenarios

The scenarios of chest pain can be different and depend on the cause of the pain. Some possible scenarios may include:

1. Improvement: In some cases, pain may improve on its own or after taking measures to relieve discomfort, such as rest or pain medication. If pain is associated with muscles, such as overexertion or injury, then it may gradually decrease and disappear over time.

2. Chronic pain: In some cases, chest pain can become chronic, that is, continue for a long time (several months or longer). This may be associated with chronic conditions such as intercostal neuralgia, muscle dysfunction or chronic pathology of the chest organs.

3. Aggravation: In some cases, chest pain may get worse or worse with time. This may be due to progressive conditions such as heart failure, lung infection, cancer, or other serious conditions.

4. Spread of symptoms: In some cases, chest pain may spread to other areas of the body, such as the neck, shoulders, arms, or back. It may be due to various medical conditions, including heart problems, pneumonia, or muscle and bone problems.

What causes chest pain

Chest pain can be associated with various diseases and conditions. Some of the most common causes of chest pain include:

1. Angina (Angina): This is a condition in which there is insufficient blood supply to the heart due to narrowing of the coronary arteries. It often causes a feeling of pressure, tightness, or burning in the chest.

2. Coronary artery disease: This is a condition in which the arteries supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked, resulting in poor blood supply to the heart muscle. This can cause chest pain known as angina.

3. Osteochondrosis of the spine: This disease is characterized by degeneration or wear of the intervertebral discs of the spine, which can cause pain or discomfort in the thoracic region.

4. Intercostal neuralgia: This is a condition in which there is irritation or damage to the nerves that run between the ribs. It can cause sharp, stabbing pain in the chest region.

5. Pneumonia: This is an inflammation of the lungs that can cause chest pain, especially when you take a deep breath or cough.

6. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This is a condition in which stomach contents back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. It can lead to a burning sensation or pain in the chest area.

7. Aortic aneurysm: This is an enlargement or protrusion of the vascular wall of the aorta. When an aneurysm ruptures, intense pain in the chest or back can occur.

8. Cancer: Some types of cancer, such as lung cancer or breast cancer, can cause chest pain.

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What examinations to undergo

If you have chest pain, it is recommended to consult a doctor to obtain an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the necessary examinations. Some of the common diagnostic methods that may be recommended for chest pain include:

1. Physical examination: The doctor will perform an examination, evaluating the patient for visible changes such as swelling, redness, or protruding bones, and listening to the lungs and heart.

2. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It can help determine the presence of heart abnormalities or rhythm disturbances.

3. Chest x-ray: A chest x-ray can help detect lung abnormalities such as infections, tumors, or pneumothorax.

4. Computed tomography (CT): CT scans provide more detailed information about the lungs, heart, spine, and other structures in the chest.

5. Echocardiography: This is an ultrasound examination of the heart that evaluates the structure and function of the heart.

6. Blood tests: These may include a complete blood sample, which can help identify infections, inflammation, anemia, or other abnormalities.

7. Gastroscopy: This is a procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the throat to evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and early intestines.

8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI can be used to obtain more detailed information about chest structures, including organs, vessels, and soft tissues.

Treatments for chest pain

Treatment for chest pain depends on the underlying cause. However, in some cases, the following methods of pain relief can be applied to relieve discomfort:

1. Rest and rest: Rest and avoidance of physical activity that exacerbates pain may help reduce discomfort.

2. Applying heat or cold: Applying a warm or cold compress to the affected area may relieve pain. The choice of heat or cold may depend on the cause of the pain and individual preferences.

3. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Drugs such as ibuprofen or diclofenac can help reduce inflammation and relieve chest pain. However, before using NSAIDs, a doctor should be consulted to assess their safety and suitability in a particular situation.

4. Antihistamines: If pain is caused by an allergic reaction, antihistamines may help relieve symptoms and relieve pain.

5. Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) medications: If your pain is related to GERD, your doctor may prescribe medications that lower stomach acid levels and reduce irritation of the esophagus.

Where to see a doctor

In case of chest pain, it is recommended to see a doctor for professional medical help and an accurate diagnosis. Depending on the possible cause of the pain, the following specialists may be able to help:

1. Physician (Physician): The general practitioner can do a preliminary exam, ask questions about symptoms, do a physical exam, and refer you for additional tests or another specialist if needed.

2. Cardiologist: If chest pain is related to heart problems such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or other heart conditions, the cardiologist will be in charge of diagnosis and treatment.

3. Gastroenterologist: If the pain is related to the digestive system, such as gastroesophageal reflux or peptic ulcer disease, the gastroenterologist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.

4. Pulmonologist: If chest pain is due to lung problems such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other respiratory conditions, a pulmonologist will diagnose and treat.

5. Oncologist: If chest pain is associated with a suspected cancer, the oncologist will specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

6. Orthopedist: If chest pain is related to problems with the spine, sternum, or rib bones, an orthopedist will specialize in diagnosing and treating these conditions.

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Pain in the thoracic spine: causes, symptoms and treatment

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90 004 Pain in the thoracic spine at the back is a common symptom of the pathology of the spinal column . But it can also signal diseases of the internal organs. Therefore, when pain occurs, a doctor’s consultation and a detailed examination are necessary to identify the exact cause of the symptom.

This article is a recommendation. Treatment is prescribed by a specialist after consultation.

Types of pain

Pain in the thoracic region of the back according to the localization of the source is:

• 1

  Local . Appears directly at the site of damaged tissues: muscles, bones

• 2

  Reflected. Pain is characteristic of the pathology of the internal organs and is felt
  in that part of the body that is innervated by the same spinal root,
  same as damaged organ

• 3

  Projective. Occurs when nerve fibers are damaged and is felt
  either locally, in one place, or spreads to large areas

Back pain can be aching, pulling, shooting or dull in nature.
It can occur during tilting, turning the torso, when lifting weights,
when lying down for a long time and at rest. Its characteristic features directly
depend on the cause, therefore, at the doctor’s consultation, it is important to describe in as much detail as possible
the sensations and the time of onset of pain.

Causes

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question why the thoracic spine hurts in women and men. There are over a hundred clinically proven causes that can cause pain in this area, which are divided into two groups: vertebrogenic and non-vertebrogenic.

Vertebrogenic causes include:

• Degenerative spine disease , better known by the old term osteochondrosis. In the thoracic spine, this condition develops least often. Pathology usually progresses slowly, degenerative-dystrophic changes in the vertebrae and intervertebral discs gradually appear. Bone growths appear – osteophytes, compressing ligaments, nerve roots and limiting the mobility of the spinal column

• Intervertebral hernia. It is formed during the progression of osteochondrosis, after trauma, excessive physical exertion and heavy lifting. Enlarged hernial protrusion compresses the ligaments of the spine, nerve roots, leading to severe pain and spasm of the paravertebral muscles

• Spinal stenosis. Narrowing of the canal in which the spinal cord and nerve roots
  departing from it are localized. Most commonly caused by herniated disc

• Ankylosing spondylitis. Autoimmune inflammation of the joints between the vertebral arches. Manifested by pain and limitation of movement in the spine

• Curvature of the spine. Thoracic pain may be caused by scoliosis
  or hyperkyphosis. It usually occurs during a long stay in a static position

• Vertebral fractures. Caused by a fall or impact. The pain is constant, aggravated by taking a deep breath and bending over the torso

• Spondylolisthesis . This is the displacement of one vertebra anteriorly or posteriorly relative to others. Occurs as a result of congenital anomalies, injuries

• Osteoporosis . This is a decrease in bone density, which is associated with a high risk of vertebral fractures from minor impact

• Functional disorders of the biomechanics of the spinal column, occurring secondary
  against the background of a poorly developed muscular corset

Non-vertebral causes of pain include:

• Myofascial pain syndrome. This is a neurological disorder associated
  with the formation of painful areas in skeletal muscles due to spasm

• Psychogenic pain. These are, as a rule, chronic pain, in which it is not possible to identify the source of pain
  . The condition is associated with high levels of anxiety
  and depression in patients

• Reflected pain during the pathology of internal organs, which requires a thorough investigation of

When urgent medical care is

Painful in the thoracic spine – this is an occasion to seek a doctor. It is urgent to consult a doctor in the following cases:

• Chest pain is initially severe, sharp and unbearable. The patient cannot move,
  because any activity is accompanied by an increase in pain

• Severe girdle pain, aggravated by inhalation and movement of the body, may be a symptom of pancreatitis 3

  Diagnosis

  Yes as pain in the thoracic spine can occur for various reasons, complex diagnostics are used to establish it. At the first consultation, the doctor:

  • Clarifies the nature, duration, localization and features of the occurrence of painful sensations. Asks about past injuries, illnesses and operations. Clarifies the type of activity and asks about sports
  • Assesses the back for visually noticeable injuries, deformities. The doctor examines the skin on the back, evaluates the gait, the symmetry of the shoulder blades, the curvature of the spinal column and the mobility of the spine
  • Palpates the chest and spine. Important signs such as increased pain, soft tissue edema, spasm of paravertebral muscles
  • Refers to a specialist of the required profile for further diagnostics. For a detailed assessment of the condition of the spinal column, chest and internal organs, a more detailed examination is required

  In case of pain in the thoracic spine, specialized specialists can use instrumental diagnostic methods to clarify the diagnosis:

  • Radiography of the spine. X-ray image visualizes fracture, dislocation, curvature and degenerative changes
  • Computed tomography. Allows you to get a layered image of the desired area. It is used to assess the state of bone and cartilage structures
  • Magnetic resonance imaging. Visualizes not only bone structures, but also soft tissues of the spinal column
  • Electrocardiography. The study evaluates the work of the heart, its rhythm and contractility
  • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. This is an endoscopic examination, the essence of which is the introduction of a flexible probe equipped with a camera into the gastrointestinal tract. An endoscopist assesses the condition of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, and early parts of the duodenum

  Laboratory research methods can be used to obtain more detailed information and clarify the diagnosis. Examples of some of them:

  • complete and biochemical blood tests
  • complete urinalysis
  • C-reactive protein – an important indicator of inflammation
  • troponins T and I – markers of myocardial infarction

  Which doctor to contact

  Treatment chest pains, depending on the cause, are dealt with by doctors of different specialties: a neurologist, an orthopedic traumatologist, a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist, a surgeon. Pain caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine is treated at the Temed Clinic.

  Make an appointment with a neurologist

  Appointment lasts 60 minutes, includes diagnostics, analysis of your MRI and preparation of a treatment plan, takes place both in person and online.

  Treatment

  If the thoracic spine hurts, the treatment depends on the cause. After exclusion of the pathology of internal organs, oncology and confirmation during the examination of a degenerative disease, the doctor draws up an individual therapy plan
  for each patient. Treatment is aimed at:

  • elimination of the cause of pain

  • relief of pain, improvement of the patient’s well-being

  • prevention of relapse and complications

  Treatment of pain in the thoracic spine associated with problems of the musculoskeletal system, It starts with changing the lifestyle of the patient. To make yourself feel better
  and prevent a recurrence of pain, you need to:

  • observe safe biomechanics of movements

  • ensure the ergonomics of the workplace: purchase a comfortable table and chair, place the computer monitor at eye level or slightly higher, and the distance to it
    should not be less than 50-70 cm

  • do not stay in an uncomfortable static position for a long time

  • choose an orthopedic mattress and pillow recommended by a doctor

  • regularly engage in physical activity

  Pain in the thoracic spine caused by degenerative changes is treated using a combination of different methods.

  • Taking medication

    The type of drug, dosage, frequency and duration of administration is determined by the doctor depending on the specific case

  • Kinesiology taping

    This is the use of special teips – adhesive tapes that are fixed on the skin in a certain sequence. and localization. Tapes reduce the load on the affected area of ​​the back, so that the spasmodic muscles relax and the pain subsides.

  • Therapeutic massage

    The massage therapist chooses the optimal depth of treatment for the back muscles for each patient. Massage is prescribed after acute pain and inflammation subside to relax spasmodic muscles, increase spinal mobility, and improve blood circulation in soft tissues.

  • Therapeutic exercise

    Exercise therapy is allowed in the absence of acute pain, after the main treatment. A specialist in physical therapy draws up an individual training program, taking into account the diagnosis and age of the patient. The doctor selects the optimal load, talks in detail about each exercise, shows the technique of their correct implementation.

  • Acupuncture

    This is a traditional Chinese medicine treatment that involves stimulating certain points on the body with sterile fine needles. This allows you to relieve pain, relax the muscles.

  Abstracts

  • 1

    Pain in the thoracic spine can accompany many diseases of both the musculoskeletal system and internal organs

  • 90 004 2

    Comprehensive diagnostics helps to establish the cause of pain in the thoracic spine. Instrumental and laboratory methods of examination are used, which are prescribed by the doctor after questioning and examining the patient. For pain caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, conservative therapy is used: medication, taping, exercise therapy, massage, acupuncture

  List of sources:
  

  1. Podchufarova E.V., Yakhno N.N. Backache. M.: GEOTAR-media, 2010
  2. Podchufarova E.V. Chest pain, 2003
  3. Wirth, B et al. “Respiratory dysfunction in patients with chronic neck pain – influence of thoracic spine and chest mobility.