What is sternum pain? What are the common causes and symptoms of sternum pain? Get a detailed overview of the various conditions that can lead to sternum pain and when to see a doctor.

Understanding Sternum Pain: An Overview

Sternum pain, or pain in the breastbone, can be a concerning symptom that may have various underlying causes. The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is a crucial structure that connects the two sides of the rib cage and sits in front of major organs like the heart, lungs, and stomach. As a result, a wide range of conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to digestive issues, can potentially cause pain in this area.

Common Causes of Sternum Pain

Costochondritis

Costochondritis is the most common cause of sternum pain. This condition occurs when the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum becomes inflamed, leading to sharp pains or aches on the side of the sternum area, as well as pain or discomfort that worsens with coughing or deep breathing. Costochondritis is often the result of a chest injury, physical strain, or underlying joint conditions.

Musculoskeletal Injuries

Injuries or conditions affecting the muscles and bones around the sternum can also cause pain in this area. These include joint injuries, collarbone (clavicle) injuries, fractures, hernias, and even surgical procedures on the sternum, such as open-heart surgery.

Sternoclavicular Joint Injury

The sternoclavicular joint (SC joint), which connects the top of the sternum to the collarbone, can be a source of sternum pain if injured. Symptoms of an SC joint injury include mild pain, aching, swelling, and limited shoulder movement.

Collarbone Trauma

Injuries, dislocations, or fractures to the collarbone can also affect the sternum, causing pain, bruising, swelling, and difficulty moving the arm upwards.

Sternum Fracture

Fracturing the sternum, often due to blunt force injuries to the chest, can cause significant pain, difficulty breathing, and even popping or grinding noises when moving the arms.

Gastrointestinal Conditions

Conditions affecting the digestive system, such as heartburn and acid reflux, can also cause sternum pain, as the sternum sits directly in front of the esophagus and stomach.

Symptoms of Sternum Pain

The symptoms of sternum pain can vary depending on the underlying cause, but may include:

• Sharp pains or aches on the side of the sternum area
• Pain or discomfort in one or more ribs
• Pain or discomfort that worsens with coughing or deep breathing
• Feeling of stiffness or limited movement around the joint or collarbone area
• Popping, clicking, or grinding noises when moving the arms or chest
• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling and tenderness over the sternum
• Heartburn, difficulty swallowing, or other gastrointestinal symptoms

When to Seek Medical Attention

If the sternum pain persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention. Severe or persistent chest pain, difficulty breathing, or any symptoms that may indicate a heart attack or other serious underlying condition should be evaluated by a healthcare provider immediately.

Diagnosing and Treating Sternum Pain

To diagnose the cause of sternum pain, your healthcare provider may perform a physical examination, order imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, and potentially conduct other diagnostic tests. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause, but may include rest, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery.

Preventing Sternum Pain

While some causes of sternum pain may not be preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk, such as:

• Maintaining good posture and core strength to support the chest and sternum
• Practicing proper form and technique when engaging in physical activity or exercise
• Managing any underlying conditions, such as heartburn or joint issues, that may contribute to sternum pain
• Seeking prompt medical attention for any chest pain or discomfort to prevent complications

In summary, sternum pain can have a variety of causes, from musculoskeletal injuries to digestive conditions. Understanding the common causes and symptoms can help you recognize when to seek medical attention and take steps to prevent or manage this type of discomfort.