What causes pain under the breast bone. How to differentiate between sternum pain and heart problems. When should you see a doctor for chest discomfort. What are the common symptoms of sternum-related issues.

Understanding Sternum Pain: More Than Just Chest Discomfort

Sternum pain, often mistaken for general chest pain, refers to discomfort in the area containing the sternum and the cartilage connecting it to the ribs. The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is a flat bone at the front of the chest that forms part of the rib cage, protecting vital organs like the heart and lungs.

While sternum pain can be concerning, it’s usually unrelated to heart problems. Instead, it’s typically caused by issues with the sternum itself or nearby structures. Understanding the causes and symptoms of sternum pain can help you determine when to seek medical attention and alleviate unnecessary worry.

Common Causes of Sternum Pain: From Inflammation to Injury

Costochondritis: The Leading Cause of Sternum Discomfort

Costochondritis is the most frequent cause of sternum pain. It occurs when the cartilage connecting the sternum to the ribs becomes inflamed and irritated. This condition can develop due to osteoarthritis or without any apparent reason.

Symptoms of costochondritis include:

• Sharp pain on the side of the sternum area
• Pain that worsens with deep breaths or coughing
• Discomfort in the ribs

Is costochondritis a serious condition? Generally, costochondritis is not a cause for major concern. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional.

Sternoclavicular Joint Injury: When the Collarbone Meets the Sternum

The sternoclavicular joint connects the top of the sternum to the collarbone. Injuries to this joint can result in pain and discomfort at the upper chest area. Symptoms of a sternoclavicular joint injury include:

• Mild pain or swelling in the upper chest area
• Difficulty or pain when moving the shoulder
• Popping or clicking around the joint

Collarbone Injuries: Indirect Cause of Sternum Pain

Although the collarbone isn’t part of the sternum, it’s connected to it by cartilage. Injuries to the collarbone can cause pain in the sternum area. These injuries often result from trauma, such as car accidents or sports injuries, but can also be caused by infections or arthritis.

How can you identify a collarbone injury? Look for these symptoms:

• Severe pain when raising the arm
• Bruising or swelling in the upper chest area
• Abnormal positioning or sagging of the shoulder
• Clicking and grinding in the shoulder joint

Substernal Pain: When Discomfort Lurks Behind the Breastbone

Substernal pain, felt just behind or below the sternum, can sometimes be caused by gastrointestinal problems. Two common causes of substernal pain are hernias and acid reflux.

Hiatal Hernia: When the Stomach Moves Up

A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach moves out of its normal position, passing through the diaphragm and into the chest. This condition can cause substernal pain and other symptoms, including:

• Frequent burping
• Heartburn
• Vomiting blood
• Feeling of fullness
• Trouble swallowing

Should you be concerned about substernal pain? If you experience substernal pain along with symptoms of a hiatal hernia, it’s important to see a doctor for prompt treatment.

Acid Reflux and GERD: When Stomach Acid Fights Back

Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid wears away the lining of the esophagus. This is particularly common in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Acid reflux can cause substernal pain and discomfort in the chest, often accompanied by a burning sensation.

How can you manage acid reflux-related chest pain? If you have GERD, it’s crucial to consult with your doctor about preventing further damage to your esophagus and managing symptoms effectively.

Trauma-Related Sternum Pain: When Accidents Happen

Sternum Fracture: A Serious Consequence of Chest Trauma

Sternum fractures, like fractures in other parts of the body, can cause significant pain. These fractures usually occur as a direct result of trauma, such as car accidents or sports injuries. Symptoms of a sternum fracture include:

• Pain during inhaling or coughing
• Swelling over the sternum
• Difficulty breathing

How serious is a sternum fracture? A sternum fracture requires immediate medical attention, as there may be associated injuries to the heart and lungs.

Muscular Strain or Bruise: When Muscles Around the Sternum Suffer

The sternum and ribs have many attached muscles that can be pulled or strained by severe coughing or strenuous activities involving the arms or torso. Injuries or trauma can also result in bruising to these muscles, causing ache and discomfort.

Differentiating Sternum Pain from Heart Problems: Key Factors to Consider

While sternum pain can be alarming, it’s important to understand that it’s usually unrelated to heart issues. However, distinguishing between sternum pain and heart problems is crucial for proper treatment and peace of mind.

How can you tell if chest pain is heart-related or stemming from the sternum? Consider these factors:

• Location: Sternum pain is typically localized to the center of the chest, while heart-related pain may radiate to other areas like the arm, jaw, or back.
• Nature of pain: Sternum pain is often sharp and worsens with movement or pressure, while heart pain is usually a crushing or squeezing sensation.
• Triggers: Sternum pain often increases with movement or deep breathing, while heart pain may be triggered by physical exertion or stress.
• Associated symptoms: Heart problems often come with additional symptoms like shortness of breath, nausea, or lightheadedness, which are less common with sternum issues.

If you’re unsure about the nature of your chest pain, it’s always best to seek medical attention, especially if you have risk factors for heart disease.

When to See a Doctor: Red Flags for Sternum Pain

While many causes of sternum pain are not serious, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Seek medical help if you experience:

• Severe, persistent pain that doesn’t improve with rest
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Pain that radiates to your jaw, left arm, or back
• Fever accompanying chest pain
• Swelling or visible deformity in the chest area
• Dizziness, fainting, or rapid heartbeat along with chest pain

How quickly should you seek medical attention for these symptoms? If you experience any of these red flags, don’t wait – seek emergency medical care immediately.

Diagnosing Sternum Pain: What to Expect at the Doctor’s Office

When you visit a healthcare provider for sternum pain, they will likely perform a thorough evaluation to determine the cause. This may include:

1. Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, when they started, and any factors that worsen or alleviate the pain.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine your chest area, looking for signs of swelling, tenderness, or deformity.
3. Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be ordered to visualize the bones and soft tissues in your chest.
4. Blood tests: These can help rule out infections or other systemic issues that might be causing your pain.
5. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test may be performed to rule out heart-related issues.

What questions should you ask your doctor during the visit? Consider asking about potential causes, treatment options, expected recovery time, and when to follow up or seek additional care.

Treatment Options for Sternum Pain: From Home Remedies to Medical Interventions

The treatment for sternum pain depends on its underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

Conservative Management

• Rest and activity modification
• Ice or heat therapy
• Over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
• Gentle stretching exercises

Medical Treatments

• Prescription pain medications or muscle relaxants
• Corticosteroid injections for severe inflammation
• Physical therapy to improve posture and strengthen chest muscles
• Treatment of underlying conditions (e.g., acid reflux medication for GERD)

Surgical Interventions

In rare cases, surgery may be necessary for conditions like severe sternum fractures or persistent joint instability.

How long does it take for sternum pain to resolve? The recovery time varies depending on the cause and severity of the pain. Minor cases may improve within a few days to weeks, while more serious conditions may take several months to heal completely.

Preventing Sternum Pain: Lifestyle Changes and Precautions

While not all causes of sternum pain are preventable, you can take steps to reduce your risk:

• Practice good posture to reduce strain on chest muscles and joints
• Use proper form when exercising, especially during activities involving the chest and arms
• Warm up adequately before physical activities
• Wear appropriate protective gear during contact sports
• Manage underlying conditions like GERD or arthritis
• Avoid smoking, which can irritate the respiratory system and exacerbate chest pain
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your joints and muscles

What lifestyle changes can have the most significant impact on preventing sternum pain? Focusing on maintaining good posture, staying active with proper form, and managing underlying health conditions can go a long way in preventing many causes of sternum discomfort.

Living with Chronic Sternum Pain: Coping Strategies and Support

For some individuals, sternum pain may become a chronic condition. If you’re dealing with ongoing sternum discomfort, consider these coping strategies:

• Work with a pain management specialist to develop a comprehensive treatment plan
• Explore complementary therapies like acupuncture or massage therapy
• Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation or deep breathing exercises
• Join a support group for individuals with chronic pain
• Maintain open communication with your healthcare providers about your symptoms and treatment effectiveness
• Make necessary adjustments to your work environment to reduce strain on your chest area
• Focus on overall health through proper nutrition, sleep, and exercise within your limits

How can you maintain a positive outlook while dealing with chronic sternum pain? Remember that many people successfully manage chronic pain conditions. Stay proactive in your treatment, celebrate small improvements, and don’t hesitate to seek emotional support when needed.

Understanding sternum pain, its causes, and when to seek medical attention can help you manage this condition effectively. While sternum pain can be uncomfortable and sometimes alarming, it’s often not a sign of a serious underlying condition. However, always err on the side of caution and consult a healthcare professional if you’re concerned about your symptoms or if they persist despite home care measures. By staying informed and proactive, you can take control of your health and find relief from sternum discomfort.

Causes and when to see a doctor

Sternum pain is pain or discomfort in the area of the chest that contains the sternum and the cartilage connecting it to the ribs. The sternum is located near the heart, so many people experiencing sternum pain may confuse it with more general chest pain.

Some people experiencing sternum pain worry they may be having a heart attack. However, in most cases, sternum pain is unrelated to the heart and caused primarily due to problems with the sternum itself or the nearby cartilage.

In this article, learn about the causes of sternum pain and the differences between sternum pain and heart problems.

The sternum is sometimes known as the breastbone. This flat bone sits at the front of the chest and connects to the ribs with cartilage.

The sternum is part of the rib cage, a series of bones that protects the heart and lungs from injuries.

Share on PinterestThe sternum is located at the front of the chest and is connected to the ribs.

Sternum pain is usually caused by problems with the muscles and bones near the sternum and not the sternum itself.

Pain felt just behind or below the sternum is called substernal pain and is sometimes caused by gastrointestinal problems.

Some of the most common causes of sternum and substernal pain are:

Costochondritis

Costochondritis is the most common cause of sternum pain and occurs when the cartilage between the sternum and ribs becomes inflamed and irritated.

Costochondritis can sometimes occur as the result of osteoarthritis but may also happen for no apparent reason.

The symptoms of costochondritis include:

• sharp pain on the side of the sternum area
• pain that worsens with a deep breath or a cough
• discomfort in the ribs

Costochondritis is usually not a cause for concern. However, people experiencing symptoms of costochondritis may want to consult a doctor if their symptoms worsen or do not go away.

Sternoclavicular joint injury

The sternoclavicular joint connects the top of the sternum to the collarbone. Injuries to this joint generally cause pain and discomfort at the top of the sternum in the upper chest area.

People experiencing sternum pain due to a sternoclavicular joint injury will often experience the following:

• mild pain or swelling in the upper chest area
• difficulty or pain when moving the shoulder
• popping or clicking around the joint

Collarbone injuries

Share on PinterestCollarbone injuries may lead to long-lasting pain or limited movement in the shoulder and upper chest.

While the collarbone itself is not part of the sternum, it is connected to the sternum by cartilage. Injuries to the collarbone may cause pain in the sternum area.

Collarbone injuries are often the result of trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury, although infections or arthritis can also cause them.

Symptoms of a collarbone injury include:

• severe pain when raising the arm
• bruising or swelling in the upper chest area
• abnormal positioning or sagging of the shoulder
• clicking and grinding in the shoulder joint

Hernia

Hernias may not be an obvious cause of pain near the chest. However, a hiatal hernia may cause substernal pain.

A hiatal hernia happens when the stomach moves out of its normal position up past the diaphragm and into the chest. Symptoms of a hiatal hernia include:

• frequent burping
• heartburn
• vomiting blood
• a feeling of fullness
• trouble swallowing

People with substernal pain and symptoms of a hiatal hernia should see a doctor for prompt treatment.

Sternum fracture

Like a fracture in other parts of the body, sternum fractures can cause a lot of pain. Sternum fractures usually occur as a direct result of trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury.

People who believe they may have a sternum fracture should seek immediate medical attention, as the heart and lungs may also be injured.

Symptoms of a sternum fracture include:

• pain during inhaling or coughing
• swelling over the sternum
• difficulty breathing

Acid reflux or GERD

Acid reflux happens when stomach acid wears away the lining of the windpipe (esophagus). This happens primarily in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Acid reflux may cause substernal pain and discomfort in the chest and is generally accompanied by a burning feeling.

Pain in this region can also be caused by inflammation or a spasm of the windpipe. People with GERD should talk to their doctor about how to prevent further damage to this area.

Muscular strain or bruise

The sternum and ribs have many muscles attached to them. These muscles can be pulled or strained by severe coughing or strenuous activity involving the arms or torso.

Injuries or trauma can result in bruising to these muscles, which may cause them to ache.

Share on PinterestSternum pain is usually caused by muscles or bones surrounding the sternum.

Symptoms of sternum pain vary depending on the cause. The most common symptom is discomfort and pain in the center of the chest, which is the location of the sternum.

Other associated symptoms may include:

• pain or discomfort in the ribs
• pain that worsens during deep breathing or coughing
• mild, aching pain in the upper chest
• swelling in the upper chest
• stiffness in the shoulder joints
• severe pain when raising the arms
• signs of collarbone trauma, such as bruising or swelling
• difficulty breathing
• grinding or popping sensation in joints near the sternum
• frequent belching
• heartburn
• feeling too full
• throwing up blood

Sternum pain vs.

heart attack

People experiencing any kind of chest pain may worry they are having a heart attack. However, sternum pain differs from heart attack pain.

People who are having a heart attack experience specific signs before the heart attack itself, whereas most sternum pain starts suddenly.

A heart attack also occurs with the following symptoms:

• pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the center of the chest
• sweating
• nausea
• shortness of breath
• lightheadedness

However, anyone who thinks they are having a heart attack should seek immediate medical attention.

While sternum pain is not usually serious, there are some causes of sternum pain that require immediate medical attention.

A person should seek emergency medical attention if the pain:

• started as a result of direct trauma
• is accompanied by heart attack symptoms
• is persistent and does not improve over time
• is accompanied by intense vomiting or vomiting blood

A person should also speak to a doctor if the pain in their sternum gets worse or does not improve over time.

Read the article in Spanish.

Causes and when to see a doctor

Sternum pain is pain or discomfort in the area of the chest that contains the sternum and the cartilage connecting it to the ribs. The sternum is located near the heart, so many people experiencing sternum pain may confuse it with more general chest pain.

Some people experiencing sternum pain worry they may be having a heart attack. However, in most cases, sternum pain is unrelated to the heart and caused primarily due to problems with the sternum itself or the nearby cartilage.

In this article, learn about the causes of sternum pain and the differences between sternum pain and heart problems.

The sternum is sometimes known as the breastbone. This flat bone sits at the front of the chest and connects to the ribs with cartilage.

The sternum is part of the rib cage, a series of bones that protects the heart and lungs from injuries.

Share on PinterestThe sternum is located at the front of the chest and is connected to the ribs.

Sternum pain is usually caused by problems with the muscles and bones near the sternum and not the sternum itself.

Pain felt just behind or below the sternum is called substernal pain and is sometimes caused by gastrointestinal problems.

Some of the most common causes of sternum and substernal pain are:

Costochondritis

Costochondritis is the most common cause of sternum pain and occurs when the cartilage between the sternum and ribs becomes inflamed and irritated.

Costochondritis can sometimes occur as the result of osteoarthritis but may also happen for no apparent reason.

The symptoms of costochondritis include:

• sharp pain on the side of the sternum area
• pain that worsens with a deep breath or a cough
• discomfort in the ribs

Costochondritis is usually not a cause for concern. However, people experiencing symptoms of costochondritis may want to consult a doctor if their symptoms worsen or do not go away.

Sternoclavicular joint injury

The sternoclavicular joint connects the top of the sternum to the collarbone. Injuries to this joint generally cause pain and discomfort at the top of the sternum in the upper chest area.

People experiencing sternum pain due to a sternoclavicular joint injury will often experience the following:

• mild pain or swelling in the upper chest area
• difficulty or pain when moving the shoulder
• popping or clicking around the joint

Collarbone injuries

Share on PinterestCollarbone injuries may lead to long-lasting pain or limited movement in the shoulder and upper chest.

While the collarbone itself is not part of the sternum, it is connected to the sternum by cartilage. Injuries to the collarbone may cause pain in the sternum area.

Collarbone injuries are often the result of trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury, although infections or arthritis can also cause them.

Symptoms of a collarbone injury include:

• severe pain when raising the arm
• bruising or swelling in the upper chest area
• abnormal positioning or sagging of the shoulder
• clicking and grinding in the shoulder joint

Hernia

Hernias may not be an obvious cause of pain near the chest. However, a hiatal hernia may cause substernal pain.

A hiatal hernia happens when the stomach moves out of its normal position up past the diaphragm and into the chest. Symptoms of a hiatal hernia include:

• frequent burping
• heartburn
• vomiting blood
• a feeling of fullness
• trouble swallowing

People with substernal pain and symptoms of a hiatal hernia should see a doctor for prompt treatment.

Sternum fracture

Like a fracture in other parts of the body, sternum fractures can cause a lot of pain. Sternum fractures usually occur as a direct result of trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury.

People who believe they may have a sternum fracture should seek immediate medical attention, as the heart and lungs may also be injured.

Symptoms of a sternum fracture include:

• pain during inhaling or coughing
• swelling over the sternum
• difficulty breathing

Acid reflux or GERD

Acid reflux happens when stomach acid wears away the lining of the windpipe (esophagus). This happens primarily in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Acid reflux may cause substernal pain and discomfort in the chest and is generally accompanied by a burning feeling.

Pain in this region can also be caused by inflammation or a spasm of the windpipe. People with GERD should talk to their doctor about how to prevent further damage to this area.

Muscular strain or bruise

The sternum and ribs have many muscles attached to them. These muscles can be pulled or strained by severe coughing or strenuous activity involving the arms or torso.

Injuries or trauma can result in bruising to these muscles, which may cause them to ache.

Share on PinterestSternum pain is usually caused by muscles or bones surrounding the sternum.

Symptoms of sternum pain vary depending on the cause. The most common symptom is discomfort and pain in the center of the chest, which is the location of the sternum.

Other associated symptoms may include:

• pain or discomfort in the ribs
• pain that worsens during deep breathing or coughing
• mild, aching pain in the upper chest
• swelling in the upper chest
• stiffness in the shoulder joints
• severe pain when raising the arms
• signs of collarbone trauma, such as bruising or swelling
• difficulty breathing
• grinding or popping sensation in joints near the sternum
• frequent belching
• heartburn
• feeling too full
• throwing up blood

Sternum pain vs.

heart attack

People experiencing any kind of chest pain may worry they are having a heart attack. However, sternum pain differs from heart attack pain.

People who are having a heart attack experience specific signs before the heart attack itself, whereas most sternum pain starts suddenly.

A heart attack also occurs with the following symptoms:

• pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the center of the chest
• sweating
• nausea
• shortness of breath
• lightheadedness

However, anyone who thinks they are having a heart attack should seek immediate medical attention.

While sternum pain is not usually serious, there are some causes of sternum pain that require immediate medical attention.

A person should seek emergency medical attention if the pain:

• started as a result of direct trauma
• is accompanied by heart attack symptoms
• is persistent and does not improve over time
• is accompanied by intense vomiting or vomiting blood

A person should also speak to a doctor if the pain in their sternum gets worse or does not improve over time.

Read the article in Spanish.

Causes and when to see a doctor

Sternum pain is pain or discomfort in the area of the chest that contains the sternum and the cartilage connecting it to the ribs. The sternum is located near the heart, so many people experiencing sternum pain may confuse it with more general chest pain.

Some people experiencing sternum pain worry they may be having a heart attack. However, in most cases, sternum pain is unrelated to the heart and caused primarily due to problems with the sternum itself or the nearby cartilage.

In this article, learn about the causes of sternum pain and the differences between sternum pain and heart problems.

The sternum is sometimes known as the breastbone. This flat bone sits at the front of the chest and connects to the ribs with cartilage.

The sternum is part of the rib cage, a series of bones that protects the heart and lungs from injuries.

Share on PinterestThe sternum is located at the front of the chest and is connected to the ribs.

Sternum pain is usually caused by problems with the muscles and bones near the sternum and not the sternum itself.

Pain felt just behind or below the sternum is called substernal pain and is sometimes caused by gastrointestinal problems.

Some of the most common causes of sternum and substernal pain are:

Costochondritis

Costochondritis is the most common cause of sternum pain and occurs when the cartilage between the sternum and ribs becomes inflamed and irritated.

Costochondritis can sometimes occur as the result of osteoarthritis but may also happen for no apparent reason.

The symptoms of costochondritis include:

• sharp pain on the side of the sternum area
• pain that worsens with a deep breath or a cough
• discomfort in the ribs

Costochondritis is usually not a cause for concern. However, people experiencing symptoms of costochondritis may want to consult a doctor if their symptoms worsen or do not go away.

Sternoclavicular joint injury

The sternoclavicular joint connects the top of the sternum to the collarbone. Injuries to this joint generally cause pain and discomfort at the top of the sternum in the upper chest area.

People experiencing sternum pain due to a sternoclavicular joint injury will often experience the following:

• mild pain or swelling in the upper chest area
• difficulty or pain when moving the shoulder
• popping or clicking around the joint

Collarbone injuries

Share on PinterestCollarbone injuries may lead to long-lasting pain or limited movement in the shoulder and upper chest.

While the collarbone itself is not part of the sternum, it is connected to the sternum by cartilage. Injuries to the collarbone may cause pain in the sternum area.

Collarbone injuries are often the result of trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury, although infections or arthritis can also cause them.

Symptoms of a collarbone injury include:

• severe pain when raising the arm
• bruising or swelling in the upper chest area
• abnormal positioning or sagging of the shoulder
• clicking and grinding in the shoulder joint

Hernia

Hernias may not be an obvious cause of pain near the chest. However, a hiatal hernia may cause substernal pain.

A hiatal hernia happens when the stomach moves out of its normal position up past the diaphragm and into the chest. Symptoms of a hiatal hernia include:

• frequent burping
• heartburn
• vomiting blood
• a feeling of fullness
• trouble swallowing

People with substernal pain and symptoms of a hiatal hernia should see a doctor for prompt treatment.

Sternum fracture

Like a fracture in other parts of the body, sternum fractures can cause a lot of pain. Sternum fractures usually occur as a direct result of trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury.

People who believe they may have a sternum fracture should seek immediate medical attention, as the heart and lungs may also be injured.

Symptoms of a sternum fracture include:

• pain during inhaling or coughing
• swelling over the sternum
• difficulty breathing

Acid reflux or GERD

Acid reflux happens when stomach acid wears away the lining of the windpipe (esophagus). This happens primarily in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Acid reflux may cause substernal pain and discomfort in the chest and is generally accompanied by a burning feeling.

Pain in this region can also be caused by inflammation or a spasm of the windpipe. People with GERD should talk to their doctor about how to prevent further damage to this area.

Muscular strain or bruise

The sternum and ribs have many muscles attached to them. These muscles can be pulled or strained by severe coughing or strenuous activity involving the arms or torso.

Injuries or trauma can result in bruising to these muscles, which may cause them to ache.

Share on PinterestSternum pain is usually caused by muscles or bones surrounding the sternum.

Symptoms of sternum pain vary depending on the cause. The most common symptom is discomfort and pain in the center of the chest, which is the location of the sternum.

Other associated symptoms may include:

• pain or discomfort in the ribs
• pain that worsens during deep breathing or coughing
• mild, aching pain in the upper chest
• swelling in the upper chest
• stiffness in the shoulder joints
• severe pain when raising the arms
• signs of collarbone trauma, such as bruising or swelling
• difficulty breathing
• grinding or popping sensation in joints near the sternum
• frequent belching
• heartburn
• feeling too full
• throwing up blood

Sternum pain vs.

heart attack

People experiencing any kind of chest pain may worry they are having a heart attack. However, sternum pain differs from heart attack pain.

People who are having a heart attack experience specific signs before the heart attack itself, whereas most sternum pain starts suddenly.

A heart attack also occurs with the following symptoms:

• pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the center of the chest
• sweating
• nausea
• shortness of breath
• lightheadedness

However, anyone who thinks they are having a heart attack should seek immediate medical attention.

While sternum pain is not usually serious, there are some causes of sternum pain that require immediate medical attention.

A person should seek emergency medical attention if the pain:

• started as a result of direct trauma
• is accompanied by heart attack symptoms
• is persistent and does not improve over time
• is accompanied by intense vomiting or vomiting blood

A person should also speak to a doctor if the pain in their sternum gets worse or does not improve over time.

Read the article in Spanish.

Pain under the right breast: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

While pain under the right breast is rarely a cause for concern, it can sometimes indicate an underlying condition. Some possible causes of this pain include injuries, infections, muscle strain, inflammation, and gastrointestinal issues.

A strain or injury are common causes of pain under the right breast, and the pain usually gets better on its own. However, it can also result from conditions affecting the underlying tissues and organs, or the pain may be extending from another area of the body, such as the stomach.

In this article, we explore some potential causes of pain under the right breast, along with their main symptoms and treatments. We also describe when to see a doctor.

An injury or muscle strain can cause pain under the right breast.

Injuries to the ribs or chest area are common and can be very painful. Depending on where the injury occurs, this pain may manifest under one or both of the breasts.

Possible causes of chest injuries include:

• knocks or blows to the chest area
• falls
• severe coughing

Other symptoms of an injury can include swelling and bruising. More forceful injuries can also result in bruised or fractured ribs.

People recovering from surgery to the breasts or chest area may also experience pain or discomfort under one or both breasts.

Treatment

A person can usually treat minor chest injuries at home with rest and over-the-counter (OTC) medications, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

Applying ice to the affected area for up to 20 minutes at a time may also help reduce pain and swelling.

See a doctor for pain that results from a serious injury, such as a car accident. People with severe or worsening pain should also speak to a doctor.

It is possible to strain or overstretch the chest muscles, which can result in soreness and pain. Depending on which muscles a person strains, this pain may occur under a single breast.

Chest muscle strains can result, for example, from throwing, heavy lifting, and using heavy tools or equipment.

Treatment

Muscle strains usually get better with rest. OTC pain relievers and applying ice to the affected area for up 20 minutes at a time may help reduce chest discomfort.

Hormonal fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle can cause the breasts to become swollen and tender.

This tenderness usually occurs in the week or so before a person’s period, and it can affect one or both breasts.

Treatment

Taking OTC pain relievers and drinking plenty of water can help reduce breast tenderness from menstrual hormonal changes. The symptoms usually resolve before a person’s period is over.

Costochondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage in the costochondral joint, which is the area where the ribs meet the sternum, also called the breastbone.

The main symptom of costochondritis is chest pain, which can occur in one or both sides of the chest. This pain can be dull or sharp and may get worse when taking a deep breath or coughing. There may also be tenderness around the breastbone.

Costochondritis does not usually cause severe symptoms, such as shortness of breath, fever, or dizziness.

Doctors do not fully understand what causes costochondritis, but it may result from one or more of these issues:

• chest injuries
• intense physical activity
• strenuous coughing
• illness, such as a chest infection near the costochondral joint

Treatment

Costochondritis often gets better on its own, but it may last several weeks.

Some ways to relieve inflammation and pain from costochondritis:

• avoiding activities that stress or aggravate the chest area
• applying heat packs to the affected area
• taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs — NSAIDs — such as naproxen or ibuprofen

For pain that gets worse or does not go away, a doctor may recommend steroid injections or physical therapy.

A person who experiences a gallbladder attack should seek treatment.

The gallbladder is a small organ on the right side of the body that stores bile from the liver. If bile contains too much cholesterol or bilirubin, or if a person’s gallbladder does not empty properly, gallstones can form.

Most gallstones pass without causing problems. However, gallstones that block the flow of bile in the bile ducts can cause pain and inflammation. The episodes of pain resulting from these blockages are called gallbladder attacks or biliary colic.

The pain from a gallbladder attack usually occurs in the upper right abdomen and can last for several hours.

Attacks that last for more than a few hours can lead to complications. For instance:

• jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin and eyes
• nausea and vomiting
• fever

Treatment

Anyone who has had a gallbladder attack should see a doctor, even if symptoms get better, because more attacks may follow. People who experience complications should receive prompt medical attention.

If gallstones continue to cause problems, doctors usually recommend surgery to remove the gallbladder. The gallbladder is not an essential organ, and removal reduces the risk of it becoming infected and causing further complications.

For people who cannot undergo gallbladder removal, doctors may recommend some of the following nonsurgical treatments:

• endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
• oral dissolution therapy
• shock wave lithotripsy

A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach slides up through the hiatus, which is an opening in the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a large, thin sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen.

Hiatal hernias do not always cause noticeable symptoms, but they can increase a person’s risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Some examples of symptoms:

• chest pain
• heartburn
• problems swallowing
• shortness of breath
• nausea and vomiting

Treatment

Treatment is usually necessary if the hiatal hernia is causing problems. For people with symptoms of GERD, treatment options include:

• lifestyle and dietary changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding foods that make symptoms worse
• medications that reduce stomach acid, such as antacids, h3 receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors

If these treatments are unsuccessful, a doctor may recommend surgery to correct the hernia.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) causes gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain and changes to a person’s bowel movements. These symptoms tend to vary in type and severity from person to person.

Some symptoms of IBS:

• bloating and gas
• constipation or diarrhea
• a feeling of incomplete evacuation after having a bowel movement
• stools containing a whitish mucus

IBS can sometimes also cause referred pain, including right-sided chest pain.

Treatment

Treatment for IBS typically includes some of the following lifestyle and dietary changes:

• increasing fiber intake
• exercising regularly
• reducing and managing stress
• getting enough sleep
• following a specific diet, such as the low-FODMAP diet.

FODMAP is an acronym for oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols, which are groups of carbs that can cause digestive symptoms, including bloating, gas, and pain.

Doctors may also prescribe specific medications to reduce constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Shortness of breath and chest tightness are potential symptoms of pleural disorders.

The pleurae make up a large, thin membrane that is folded over to form two layers. One layer wraps around the lungs, and the other lines the inside of the chest cavity. The space between these two layers is called the pleural space.

Inflammation of the pleura is called pleurisy, and it can cause the two layers to rub against each other. This friction can lead to sharp chest pain when coughing or breathing deeply.

In different pleural disorders, air, gas, fluid, or blood collects in the pleural space, which can also cause sharp chest pain.

Other symptoms of pleural disorders:

• coughing
• fever and chills
• shortness of breath
• fatigue
• chest tightness
• weight loss
• a bluish tint to the skin

Treatment

Treatment for a pleural disorder depends on the underlying cause and the severity of a person’s symptoms.

For example, if a bacterial infection is causing the condition, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. They may also recommend anti-inflammatory medications or pain relievers to help reduce a person’s discomfort.

Some people require a procedure to drain gas or fluids from the pleural space.

Pneumonia is infectious inflammation of the tiny air sacs in the lungs, which causes them to fill up with fluid. It can lead to a range of symptoms, including sharp chest pain that typically gets worse with deep breathing or coughing.

Other symptoms of pneumonia:

• fever and chills
• a persistent cough that produces green, yellow, or bloody mucus
• a loss of appetite
• fatigue and low energy levels
• confusion
• nausea
• shortness of breath or other breathing difficulties

Early symptoms of pneumonia can be similar to a common cold or the flu and may come on suddenly or gradually worsen over a few days. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe.

The most common cause of pneumonia is a bacterial infection, but pneumonia can also result from viral or fungal infections.

Treatment

People with symptoms of pneumonia should see a doctor. Seek urgent medical attention if symptoms are severe.

Pneumonia can sometimes lead to life-threatening complications, and some people require hospitalization.

Treatment depends on the type of pneumonia and the severity of symptoms. Doctors may prescribe antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia or antiviral medications for viral pneumonia.

To treat mild pneumonia at home, a doctor may recommend the following:

• getting plenty of rest
• drinking lots of fluids
• taking OTC pain relievers
• avoiding tobacco smoke and other lung irritants
• taking oral antibiotic or oral antiviral therapy, as prescribed

See a doctor if the pain under the right breast gets worse, does not go away, or is interfering with daily activities. Also, seek medical attention if the pain accompanies other concerning symptoms.

Some symptoms that require immediate medical attention:

• severe, sharp, or sudden chest pain
• chest pain that radiates to other parts of the body, such as the jaw, arms, or shoulders
• a bluish tint to the lips or skin
• difficulty breathing
• coughing up blood
• confusion, dizziness, or loss of consciousness

Pain under the right breast is rarely a cause for concern and often results from muscles strains or minor injuries.

However, it can indicate a more serious condition, such as an infection, chest inflammation, or a gastrointestinal issue.

If the pain gets worse, does not go away, or occurs with other concerning symptoms, see a doctor. Seek immediate medical attention for severe chest pain or pain that accompanies breathing difficulties.

Read the article in Spanish.

Other conditions may be causes of chest pain

Heart disease not the only reason for that feeling of angina

Although chest pain is often—and rightfully— associated with heart disease, other medical problems can be causes of chest pain. Angina—feelings of pressure, heaviness, tightness. or pain in the chest—occurs when plaque in the coronary arteries partially blocks blood flow and the heart muscle isn’t getting enough oxygen and nutrients. (You can learn more about angina in the Harvard Special Health Report Diseases of the Heart: A compendium of common heart condition and the latest treatments.) Yet the heart isn’t the only organ in the upper abdomen, and chest pain may be due to conditions affecting the esophagus, lungs, gall bladder, or stomach.

Digestive causes of chest pain

When chest pain—particularly pain in the lower chest— is triggered by a meal, it is likely to emanate from the digestive system, rather than from the heart, and can be due to the following:

Acid reflux or heartburn. When acid from the stomach flows up into the esophagus, it can cause a burning sensation in the chest reminiscent of a feeling of angina or often mistaken for a heart attack.

Esophageal spasm. Sudden, forceful contractions of the esophagus, the muscular tube between the mouth and the stomach, can be painful. These spasms can also trap food in the esophagus and prevent it from passing into the stomach.

Gallbladder disease. A sudden pain that often occurs 30 minutes after you have eaten may be a sign of gallstones. Gallbladder pain is usually felt just below the breastbone and may extend to the right arm or between the shoulder blades. It occurs as the gallbladder contracts in an effort to pump bile around the gallstones that are blocking its passage to the liver.

Inflammatory causes of chest pain

Tissues in the chest cavity can become inflamed due to injury, infection, or autoimmune conditions, in which the body’s immune cells attack its own tissues. Common inflammatory causes of chest pain include the following:

Costochondritis. This condition, an inflammation in the chest wall between the ribs and the breastbone, can trigger a stabbing, aching pain that’s often mistaken for a heart attack. Costochondritis is commonly caused by trauma or overuse injuries, often during contact sports, or it may accompany arthritis.

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, a protective, double-layered sac surrounding the heart. It has many different possible causes, including a virus or other infection, certain illnesses, an injury to the chest, radiation therapy for cancer, or a reaction to medications. The classic symptom of pericarditis is a sharp, stabbing pain in the center or left side of the chest that worsens when you take a deep breath or lie down. The pain results from the irritated layers of the sac rubbing together.

Lung-related causes of chest pain

The following lung conditions often produce chest pain that may feel like angina.

Pneumonia can cause shortness of breath and sharp pains that intensify with a deep breath. Unlike angina, it is likely to be accompanied by other symptoms, like fever, chills, or coughing.

Pulmonary embolism—a blood clot that has traveled into the vessels supplying the lungs—can cause chest pain. The pain is often accompanied by a fast or irregular heartbeat, sudden difficulty breathing, or feeling lightheaded or faint. Pulmonary embolisms can be life-threatening, so the symptoms warrant a call to 911.

Psychological causes of chest pain

Both anxiety and panic attack can cause symptoms very similar to angina. These attacks—which can occur out of the blue or in response to a stressful event—include chest pain along with shortness of breath, palpitations, and dizziness. The key difference is that the chest pain is usually fleeting, lasting only a moment or two.

What to do when you’re uncertain

Any time you’re uncertain about the source of chest pain that is recurrent or lasts for several days, you should talk to your clinician. However, if you have chest pain that is building in intensity, has lasted for several minutes, and isn’t relieved by resting, you should get immediate medical attention.

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As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.

Gallbladder Symptoms

The gallbladder is an organ of the digestive system that is located in the upper right side of the abdomen under the liver. The gallbladder is a hollow, pear-shaped sac that concentrates and stores bile, which is a digestive substance produced by the liver.

Bile flows from the liver into the gallbladder for storage. When food is eaten, the gallbladder squeezes the stored bile into the cystic duct and down the common bile duct into the duodenum of the small intestine where bile helps digest food. Gallbladder symptoms are caused by diseases, disorders and conditions that damage the gallbladder, liver, and bile duct and interfere with digestion.

The most common gallbladder symptom is pain or tenderness in the abdomen, which may occur just after eating. This pain can manifest as
epigastric pain just below the breastbone, generalized
abdominal pain, upper right side abdominal pain, or
pain that radiates around the right rib cage and into the back. It can also occur under the right arm in the center, in the chest, or in between the shoulder blades. A commonly used term for pain caused by blockage of bile flow from the gallbladder is biliary colic. Gallbladder symptoms can also include nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and a palpable abdominal mass or lump.

Gallbladder symptoms can be felt all the time or only after eating and drinking. Gallbladder symptoms can occur in women and men in any age group or population. Gallbladder symptoms can vary in character and intensity depending on the underlying cause and individual factors, and can appear suddenly or gradually build for weeks or months.

Many people have no symptoms and may be unaware that they have a gallbladder condition, such as gallstones or gallbladder cancer. In other cases, gallbladder symptoms may be mistaken for symptoms of other conditions, such as gastroenteritis, heart attack, hiatal hernia, indigestion, or a peptic ulcer. It is important to seek prompt medical care if you have symptoms of gallbladder conditions, and refrain from assuming that they are due to a less serious condition, such as indigestion. Only a thorough evaluation by a physician or licensed health care provider can determine the cause of symptoms.

Left untreated, gallbladder conditions can lead to serious complications, such as tissue damage, tears in the gallbladder, and infection that spreads to other parts of the body.
Seek prompt medical care if you are being treated for gallbladder conditions but mild symptoms recur or are persistent.

In some cases, symptoms of a heart attack can mimic gallbladder symptoms.
Seek immediate medical care (call 911) for serious symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, andsevere abdominal pain.

Costochondritis – causes, symptoms, treatment

Costochondritis is a condition that causes pain in the front of the chest.  It is the result of inflammation at the point where the upper ribs attach to the breastbone (sternum).

Costochondritis is a relatively harmless condition that will usually go away without treatment.  However, it can cause anxiety as its symptoms may be mistaken for a heart attack. The sudden onset of chest pain should be assessed immediately by emergency services or a doctor. 

Causes

There is often no definitive cause for costochondritis. It can be associated with an injury to the rib cage or with unusual physical activity or strain (eg: heavy lifting or severe coughing). Costochondritis can occur after a respiratory illness such as a cold or flu and in people with underlying conditions including fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erythematosus and ankylosing spondylitis.   

Costochondritis affects females more often than males, and more commonly occurs in adolescents and young adults. 

Symptoms

The main symptoms of costochondritis are pain and tenderness at the junction of the ribs and the breastbone as a result of cartilage tissue between the bones becoming inflamed. The pain increases with movement and deep breathing and decreases with rest and quiet breathing. Pressure placed directly on the affected area will also cause significant pain.

The pain can vary in intensity but is often severe. It may be described as pressure, aching or sharp pain. It is usually located on the front of the chest, but can radiate to the back, abdomen, arm or shoulder. 

The pain usually occurs on only one side of the chest, most commonly the left, but can affect both sides of the chest at the same time. Symptoms of costochondritis usually last for between one and three weeks.

Costochondritis symptoms can be mistaken for a heart attack. However, the pain of a heart attack covers the whole chest and is often accompanied by shortness of breath, nausea and sweating.  If the onset of pain is sudden, contact emergency services or a doctor.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of costochondritis can usually be made by assessing the nature of the symptoms and by the fact the pain can be reproduced by pressing on the affected area. Sometimes tests to rule out other more serious conditions may be recommended: 

• A chest X-ray
• An electrocardiogram (ECG), which is a tracing of the heart’s electrical activity
• Blood tests.

Treatment

Often the symptoms of costochondritis resolve without treatment. Where treatment is required, the aim is to reduce inflammation and control pain. Treatment usually consists of: 

• Rest and avoiding activities that worsen the pain
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and pain-relieving medications such as paracetamol
• Ice and/or heat packs applied to the area
• Gentle stretching of the upper chest (pectoral) muscles two or three times a day.

If the pain is extreme and/or prolonged, a corticosteroid medication such as hydrocortisone may be injected into the affected area to help reduce pain and inflammation. In rare cases, where the condition does not respond to medical treatment, surgery to remove the inflamed cartilage may be required. 

References

Flowers, L.K. (2020). Costochondritis (Web page). Medscape Drugs and Diseases. New York, NY: WebMD LLC. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/808554-overview#a4 [Accessed: 20/08/20]
NHS (2029). Costochondritis (Web Page). Redditch: National Health Service (NHS) England. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/costochondritis/ [Accessed: 20/08/20]
O’Toole, M.T. (Ed) (2017). Costochondritis. Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions (10th ed). St Louis, MI: Elsevier.

Last Reviewed: August 2020

90,000 Behavior tactics for chest pain and risk factors for the development of myocardial infarction – Prevention of diseases and healthy lifestyle – Budgetary institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra

The most common cause of chest pain is angina pectoris or angina pectoris.

Angina pectoris is one of the forms of coronary heart disease (CHD), the clear signs of which are considered to be pain in the region of the heart and shortness of breath. This pathology occurs against the background of a violation of the supply of the heart with a sufficient amount of blood, which is a consequence of damage to the coronary arteries by atherosclerosis.

Since this pathology is one of the forms of ischemic heart disease, if it is present, there is an obstruction in one or both coronary arteries, which prevents blood from circulating normally. This condition is accompanied by attacks of myocardial ischemia, that is, a lack of oxygen in the heart muscle.

The most obvious sign indicating the development of angina pectoris is the so-called imbalance between the oxygen demand of the heart muscle and the supply of oxygen to the heart region.Simply put, the patient’s heart receives much less blood than he needs.

Lack of oxygen makes itself felt at the moment of physical activity – that is why patients with this pathology develop seizures during physical work or under the influence of a stressful situation.

Painful sensations resemble seizures. The pain during such attacks is simply unbearable – it seems to burn, press and squeeze, arises in the area behind the sternum and radiates to the left shoulder or to the entire arm.Very often the pain is also accompanied by strong anxiety, and with fear : a person is trying to find a place for himself, he clings to his left chest and cannot fully understand what is happening.

In the case of the initial forms of the development of the disease, the pain sensations recede within one to five minutes after taking the drug. If the pain does not disappear after this period of time, then this is a signal that the disease has acquired a more severe course, and, therefore, there are great chances of developing myocardial infarction.

In most cases, just one Nitroglycerin tablet helps to forget about pain. If one pill is not enough to get rid of pain, it means that the risk of developing myocardial infarction is on the face.

At the first manifestations of chest pain, you should immediately consult a doctor. One should not think that young age excludes the possibility of angina pectoris, or that a burning sensation behind the breastbone when running or walking fast uphill cannot be a sign of “angina pectoris” in a person involved in sports.

During an attack, the following measures are recommended for the urgent elimination of pain:

• Create physical and psycho-emotional rest for the patient: lie down, sit down, or stop if chest pains appear during the exercise;
• , you urgently need to take 1 nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue. The analgesic effect of nitroglycerin usually occurs within 1-5 minutes. To stop the attack, 1-2 tablets of nitroglycerin are enough.
• if the attack is prolonged (lasts 15-20 minutes) and repeated nitroglycerin administrations were ineffective, you must immediately call an ambulance.

No need to self-medicate. If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner and do not start the prescribed treatment, the disease progresses.

In conditions of “oxygen starvation” with pain, myocardial cells can live for 20-30 minutes . Then they die. This is a heart attack, a site of necrosis in the tissue of the heart. A scar remains on the affected area.

There are risk factors for the development of myocardial infarction , the elimination of which significantly reduces the risk of its development: smoking, high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension.

In case of the first appearance of chest pain or shortness of breath with loads that were previously well tolerated, it is necessary to urgently consult a cardiologist. In the District Cardiological Dispensary, there is the whole range of diagnostic procedures necessary in this case: all the methods for diagnosing coronary heart disease known today, both carried out on an outpatient basis and in a hospital.

Experienced cardiologists of the District Cardiological Dispensary assess the patient’s condition and decide where to carry out examinations.In some cases of severe manifestation of the disease or ineffectiveness of drug treatment, cardiologists organize hospitalization of patients in a specialized department, which is also located in the cardiology center. Thus, patients receive the whole range of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in one center, which is an exclusive offer in the city of Surgut.

A.A. Seitov, cardiologist, head of the department of emergency cardiology, BU KhMAO-Yugra “OKD” CD and SSH “

Self-help for chest pain |

Pain in the region of the heart can be a manifestation of such forms of coronary heart disease as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.In these cases, assistance should be provided as soon as possible. You need to know that not all chest pain is a symptom of heart disease.

Local stitching, “shooting” pains in the chest, the nature of which changes when turning the torso, pressing, deep breath, as a rule, do not need emergency therapy and are a manifestation of various types of dorsopathies (diseases of the spine). Usually, in these cases, the patient can (although not always) point with one finger to the source of the pain.Isolated pains in the abdomen, shoulder blades, back, shoulders, neck and lower jaw are rarely associated with coronary (cardiovascular) pathology. A typical painful attack with angina pectoris usually develops after physical exertion, the provoking factors are cold, windy weather, a stressful situation, smoking, and a heavy meal.

Pains of cardiac origin, in the overwhelming majority of cases, are localized behind the sternum or in the left half of the chest, have a sufficient area: the patient at the time of the attack indicates the source of pain by placing his palm, sometimes indicating the entire surface of the chest.An anginal (pain) attack is accompanied by heaviness in the region of the heart, pressing or tearing pains, burning. Patients often describe painful sensations, comparing them to a stone or a plate, squeezing the chest. In persons suffering from hypertension against the background of coronary heart disease, rises in blood pressure are often accompanied by pain in the heart.

1. If an attack develops during physical activity, incl. when walking, you must stop. The patient needs to sit down, it is not advisable to go to bed.If the attack occurs while lying down, you need to sit down and lower your legs. The goal is to reduce the load on the heart, to cause blood flow to the legs. Provide fresh air – open the window, unbutton the collar. For patients with chronic heart failure, manifested by shortness of breath, take a sitting or lying position with a high headboard.
2. Take 1 nitroglycerin tablet or 1-2 doses of a nitro-containing spray under the tongue. Relief should come within 1-2 minutes. If the effect is insufficient, repeat the drug administration after 3-5 minutes.To get the full dose of the drug when using the spray, the first dose of the drug is released into the air, and the second is released under the tongue. Do not use nitrates in a standing position, fainting is possible due to a short-term decrease in pressure. Nitroglycerin increases intracranial pressure, which causes headaches in some patients. Do not use nitroglycerin and sprays in the absence of pain and with significantly reduced blood pressure (the upper one is below 90 mm Hg, with usually normal values ​​of 120/80 mm.Hg). Do not throw pills in handfuls under the tongue and do not use several doses of spray at a time, this is dangerous for the development of serious complications. After taking nitrates, do not get out of bed abruptly, first stay in a sitting position for a while.
3. Measure your blood pressure. If it is increased, take measures to reduce it (antihypertensive drugs prescribed by a doctor).
4. In case of severe anxiety and anxiety, take 40-60 drops of Corvalol or Valocordin, or tincture of motherwort, valerian (if there are no contraindications).
5. If the pain in the heart is not stopped within 15-20 minutes (with 2-3 times taking nitrates) – call an ambulance. Before the arrival of the ambulance team, the patient needs to take aspirin (in the absence of contraindications: peptic ulcer, allergic reaction) at a dosage of 160-325 mg, and the tablets should be chewed. Use aspirin even if you have already taken it that day.

6. Prepare your last cardiogram and hospital discharge records, if any.

Doctor-cardiologist of the therapeutic department No. 2 Ivanova Yulia Yurievna

90,000 Pain when coughing – causes of occurrence, under what diseases it occurs, diagnostics and methods of treatment

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-medication. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests.For a diagnosis and correct treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Pain when coughing: causes of appearance, for what diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Definition

Pain when coughing is most often associated with respiratory diseases and is localized in the chest.

The respiratory system consists of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, larynx) and the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi and lungs).The air passing through the respiratory tract is purified, warmed, and humidified. At the end of the smallest bronchi (bronchioles) are the alveolar passages and alveolar sacs, in which gas exchange takes place. Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar passages and alveolar sacs with alveoli make up the alveolar tree, or respiratory parenchyma of the lung. The listed structures, originating from one terminal bronchiole, form a functional and anatomical unit – the acinus. The alveolar passages and sacs belonging to one respiratory bronchiole make up the primary lobule (there are about 16 of them in each acinus).The number of acini in both lungs reaches 30,000, and alveoli – 300-350 million. Lobules are formed from acini, segments from lobules, lobes from segments, and a whole lung from lobes.

Each lung is enclosed in a double membrane – two layers of the pleura, between which there is a sealed pleural cavity filled with a very small amount of fluid.

A cough is the body’s defensive reaction to any irritation of the respiratory tract. Cough receptors can be irritated by phlegm, blood in the respiratory tract, mucus from the nose running down the back of the throat, various allergens, smoke, dust, foreign bodies, cold air, some medications, etc.

Varieties of pain when coughing

Pain when coughing can be strong or weak, sharp or dull, limited or diffuse. The localization of pain depends on the cause of the cough and on the affected organ. It can be felt in the throat, behind the breastbone, inside the chest, under the ribs, in the back, abdomen, and in the head. Cough and pain can be both symptoms of the same disease, or independent of each other.

Possible causes of pain when coughing

The following causes of pain when coughing are distinguished:

• Overexertion of the respiratory muscles involved in coughing;
• diseases of the respiratory system;
• heart disease;

90,039 injuries and diseases of bones, muscles and nerves of the chest;

• diseases of the digestive system;
• kidney disease, etc.

What diseases cause pain when coughing?

In diseases accompanied by a constant painful cough, the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm are overstrained, which is manifested by a dull, diffuse muscle pain.

With inflammation of the tracheal mucosa (with tracheitis), there is a dry, loud, hacking, rough cough, which is characterized by burning and pain behind the breastbone.

The severity of pain decreases when a dry cough turns into a wet one.Tracheitis is more often infectious, caused by viruses or bacteria.

Patients’ general health worsens, body temperature rises.

With pneumonia (pneumonia), there is a deep cough with sputum production, chest pain appears in the projection of the inflamed area of ​​the lung.

The pain increases with coughing and deep inhalation due to the movement of the pleural sheets, and decreases if the patient lies on the side of the affected lung.

Inflammation of the lungs can be primary, in this case, the disease begins acutely – with chills, weakness, an increase in body temperature to 38-39 ° C, accompanied by coughing and difficulty breathing, more often proceeds as a croupous lesion, that is, the inflammatory process captures a whole share with involvement a large area of ​​the pleura. And it happens secondary, when the inflammation passes from the bronchi to the lung tissue. There is a focus of bronchopneumonia, but in this case, the pleura can become inflamed, with the only difference that the size of the lesion is much smaller.Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites can cause pneumonia.

Pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura) can be infectious and non-infectious. Infectious pleurisy occurs with pneumonia, lung abscess, bronchiectasis (dilation and deformation of the bronchi with the development of chronic purulent inflammation), tuberculosis, abscess under the diaphragm, inflammation of the peri-renal adipose tissue, inflammation of the pancreas. Non-infectious pleurisy is caused by systemic diseases of the connective tissue (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.)), the spread of tumor cells to the pleura, a decrease in the pumping function of the heart (for example, with myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism), chest injuries (closed rib fracture), etc. Pleurisy can be dry, in this case, the amount of fluid in the pleural cavity decreases, the inflamed pleural leaves do not slip, but rub against each other when breathing, which provokes a very painful reflex cough, which intensifies when inhaling. Pleurisy is exudative when, due to the inflammatory process, fluid is released and accumulates in the pleural cavity.During the period of fluid accumulation, the clinical picture is similar to dry pleurisy, then the fluid pushes the pleural layers apart, the pain becomes weaker, but at the same time, due to compression of the lung, shortness of breath occurs.

At gastroesophageal reflux disease , due to the throwing of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, its mucous membrane becomes inflamed, heartburn, sour eructation, pain, burning behind the breastbone and cough that intensifies pain is observed.

Lung tissue does not have pain receptors, therefore in lung cancer pain appears when tumor cells invade the surrounding tissues – pleura, trachea, bronchi, etc.e. In this case, the patient is worried about a painful cough, often with blood. General health worsens, worries about weakness, weight loss for no apparent reason.

A similar situation occurs if metastases from other organs enter the lungs, this can be in cancer of the breast, stomach, esophagus, rectum, skin (melanoma), kidney, liver, etc.

Pericarditis (inflammation of the lining of the heart), according to analogy with pleurisy, it is dry and effusion. It can be caused by heart disease (myocardial infarction, inflammation of the heart muscle, etc.)), various infections, systemic connective tissue diseases, heart trauma, tumors, etc. Dry pericarditis is accompanied by a gradually increasing dull, pressing pain behind the sternum, radiating to the neck, left scapula. In this case, there is a rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, dry cough, which increases the pain. As fluid accumulates between the layers of the pericardium, the condition worsens due to compression of the heart.

Intercostal neuralgia occurs when the intercostal nerve is compressed at the level of the exit from the spine or along its course.It manifests itself as a sharp, aching pain that intensifies during a deep breath and coughing.

Cough increases the pressure in the abdominal cavity and pelvic region, therefore, with inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (for example, appendicitis), pelvic organs (for example, inflammation of the ovaries), hernias (white line of the abdomen, umbilical, inguinal), cough can provoke or intensify existing pain.

The cerebral and spinal cord is washed by the cerebrospinal fluid, its fluctuations during coughing increase the intracranial pressure , a headache occurs.This process can be natural, and can hide serious diseases: volumetric formations in the cranial cavity, vascular anomalies that impede the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Which doctors should I go to?

First of all, you should turn to
a general practitioner or general practitioner, and he, if necessary, will refer you to a narrow specialist for consultation (
gastroenterologist,
neurologist,
cardiologist, etc.).

Diagnostics and examinations in case of pain when coughing

To identify the causes of pain when coughing, the doctor takes anamnesis, conducts a thorough examination of the patient and prescribes additional laboratory and instrumental studies.

• Clinical blood test with expanded leukocyte count.

Harbingers of a heart attack

The appearance of pain or discomfort in the chest area (the main harbinger of an impending catastrophe) in the form of constraint, compression or squeezing behind the sternum, extending into the axillary fossa, left or right arm, left shoulder blade, left half of the neck, sometimes in the right half chest and upper abdomen. Unpleasant sensations can be persistent, but they can also be transient (appear and disappear with a certain frequency).In persons with angina pectoris, attacks become more frequent, prolonged, and more difficult to eliminate.

Long-term (more than 20-30 minutes) chest pain,

not passing from taking the usual drugs in such cases, indicates the development of myocardial infarction.

The painful phase of the acute period of myocardial infarction is very dangerous: the longer the pain does not stop, the more severe the heart attack proceeds in the future.

ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION THE FOLLOWING SIGNS CAN SPEAK:

Unpleasant sensations in the stomach (sensations of pressure, heaviness, feeling of fullness, bloating or a sensation resembling heartburn), if they are:

• Not related to nutritional “inaccuracies” or food poisoning;
• are not fixed by simple home remedies.

Light-headedness (cold sweat, dizziness, weakness, nausea associated with a drop in blood pressure with a decrease in heart contractility).

Violation of the rhythm of heart contractions (interruptions or very frequent contractions), if they are:

• develop suddenly, for no apparent reason;
• are accompanied by pain or a feeling of heaviness in the chest, indigestion, shortness of breath, dizziness.

At the same time, the pulse becomes frequent, weak, irregular, sometimes it is not even possible to count it (a person can feel how his heart “pounds” and his chest “shakes”, as something “turns over” inside).

Due to a malnutrition of the brain, a feeling may appear as if a person is not walking, but is hovering above the ground or the ground is slipping from under his feet.

Feeling short of breath, shortness of breath, feeling of suffocation, if they occur suddenly, with or without other symptoms typical of a heart attack.In this case, to facilitate breathing, a person is forced to take a sitting or semi-sitting position, or go to an open window to breathe in some fresh air.

What to do if you suspect a heart attack?

Feeling pain behind the breastbone, you need:

• Stop all active actions, sit with your elbows on the back of a chair or chair;
• If the pain does not go away within 4-5 minutes, you need to lie down and put a nitroglycerin tablet under your tongue and wait for it to completely dissolve.

KNOW

Nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed and almost instantly enters the bloodstream. If the first pill did not bring relief or the pain did not completely go away, you can take another pill after 5 minutes, but no more than three.

Nitroglycerin can lead to a sharp decrease in blood pressure, therefore, antihypertensive drugs should be taken simultaneously with it only under pressure control.

If these measures did not bring relief, you need to urgently call an ambulance.

Before she arrives, you need :

• Chew half a tablet of aspirin;
• calm down, do not give in to panic and fear; if “nerves are giving up”, you can drink 30-40 drops of valocordin.

All patients with acute myocardial infarction or with suspicion of it should have been hospitalized in a specialized department or in the intensive care unit and intensive care unit.

Know! Every minute counts! For myocardial infarction, the ideal time to provide medical care is the first 40 minutes.

Novotroitsk Emergency Hospital

Head of the cardiology department

Yakovlev Alexey Valerievich

At the start of a busy day or in the middle of the night, you suddenly feel chest pain. Is it your heart that hurts? Do you need to go to the hospital urgently?

Pain in the heart area is one of the most common reasons people seek emergency help. So, every year, several million people seek emergency medical help with this symptom.”Pain in the heart” is an imprecise definition. It is used to describe any pain, pressure, constriction, choking, numbness, or any other discomfort in the chest, neck, or upper abdomen, and is often associated with pain in the jaw, head, or arm. This condition can last from a moment, a second, to several days or weeks, it can occur frequently or rarely, and it can occur irregularly or predictably.

Heart pain is not always heart pain. It is often not associated with heart problems.However, if you are experiencing chest pain and do not know about the state of your cardiovascular system, the problem can be serious and it is worth taking the time to find out the cause of the pain.

Reasons

Pain in the region of the heart can be very different. It cannot always be described. The pain can be felt as a slight burning sensation or as a violent blow. Since you cannot always determine the cause of the pain yourself, there is no need to waste time on self-medication, especially if you belong to the so-called “risk group” of heart disease (see below).Pain in the area of ​​the heart has many causes, including those requiring close attention. The causes of pain can be divided into 2 large categories – “cardiac” and “non-cardiac”.

“Heart” causes

Myocardial infarction – A blood clot that blocks the movement of blood in the arteries of the heart can cause pressing, constricting chest pains lasting more than a few minutes. The pain can radiate (radiate) to the back, neck, lower jaw, shoulders and arms (especially to the left).Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, cold sweats, and nausea.

Angina . Over the years, fatty plaques can form in the arteries of your heart, restricting the flow of blood to your heart muscle, especially during exercise. It is the restriction of blood flow through the arteries of the heart that causes attacks of chest pain – angina pectoris. Angina is often described by people as a feeling of tightness or tightness in the chest. It usually occurs during exercise or stress.The pain usually lasts about a minute and stops at rest.

Other cardiac causes 90 120. Other causes that can present with chest pain include inflammation of the heart shirt (pericarditis), most often due to a viral infection. Pericarditis pain is most often acute, stabbing. Fever and malaise may also occur. Less commonly, the cause of pain may be a dissection of the aorta, the main artery in your body. The inner layer of this artery can be separated by blood pressure and the result is sharp, sudden and severe chest pain.Aortic dissection can result from chest trauma or a complication of uncontrolled hypertension.

Mitral valve prolapse can also serve as a source of pain of a varied nature in the region of the heart, especially against the background of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

“Non-heart” reasons

Precordial Syndrome 90 120. Sometimes, when you inhale, there is an unpleasant sensation of pain in the heart. The tension is growing and it seems that now something will burst inside.The pain can make you catch your breath, it can make you stop breathing. At this time, you try not to move and, if possible, take short breaths, and when it’s all the same, you take a sharp breath, and the pain in your heart suddenly disappears. Many people mistakenly believe that they have had a heart attack. But although the pain is strong, and it seems that the heart is in pain, in fact, the pain has nothing to do with the heart. Precordial syndrome is the most common cause of recurrent chest pain.Most often observed in children and adolescents, but sometimes persists into adulthood. The pain comes on very unexpectedly and just as unexpectedly goes away. This extremely sharp pain seems to be aggravated by deep breathing and jerky movements. But these are just sensations. The pain usually lasts 30 seconds to 3 minutes before disappearing. Sometimes the pain disappears suddenly after taking a deep breath or sudden movement. After the acute pain has passed, there may be a dull pain sensation in the region of the heart.Pain attacks can occur quite often, sometimes several times a day. They do not depend on the state of stress, time of day and the nature of your activity. Doctors did not find a relationship between precordial syndrome and strenuous exercise. But some doctors believe that postures that make it difficult to breathe can cause more pain in the heart. Currently, doctors and researchers do not know what causes the pain associated with precordial syndrome. The most common belief is that pain is the result of a pinched nerve.

Although doctors are not sure about the true causes of precordial syndrome, they are confident that this disease does not pose any danger. Precordial Syndrome is not a cause for alarm.

So, let’s list the main characteristics of precordial syndrome:

Chest pain. How to understand what hurts a child

For the parents of each child, there is nothing worse when their child is sick. Especially at an early age, when the baby still cannot tell, or even show at all what and where it hurts. Even if the child has shown or explained where he has unpleasant, painful sensations, you should not self-medicate, but you should immediately consult a doctor.

Pediatric cardiology in Saratov accepts children at different ages and allows early detection of possible disorders, and in addition to cope with the disease in the active phase.

How to understand what exactly hurts in a child’s chest

First of all, this is not just a whim, but crying, screaming and even hysterics. At this time, the child can clench his fists and pull them to the chest, or he can just beat himself in this area. Additional symptoms include:

• shortness of breath;

• heart palpitations;

• difficulty breathing or swallowing;

• , less often, increased temperature.

Since there are strong painful sensations in this area, the baby rarely turns over on his stomach, but will lie on his back or side, although before that he loved this position.

The key symptom of constricting pain is a sudden change in mood, and besides this, the child shrinks, assuming a fetal position, thus helping himself to instinctively cope with such severe pain. Sometimes sharp reddening of the whites of the eyes, red spots on the body in the chest region and face are noticeable.

Pressing pain can be felt on the increase. At one moment everything is good, at another moment it is difficult to breathe. In order to exclude all possible causes, and in the case of diagnosis and treatment, to return to its former healthy state, it is necessary to regularly visit a pediatric cardiologist in Saratov. The first reception is relevant at the age of 1-2 months, and then every six months, if there are no visible pain syndromes.

What diseases are indicated by pain in the region of the heart?

Pain in the region of the heart can be the cause of the following diseases:

To accurately determine the diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations, including:

Concerned parents are worried about what is the cause of the disease.If violations are observed from birth, this may be the result of intrauterine defects, and besides this, violations caused by birth trauma.

If pain in the region of the heart began to appear over time, it is necessary to trace at what moments it occurs:

If the heart is the cause of the pain symptom, then the baby may feel pain:

If the main cause is ischemic lesions of the heart muscle, then the key symptom will be that the pain is short, paroxysmal, often dull.As a rule, it manifests itself after active sports, emotional outburst.

Even though the child cannot always clearly explain exactly where and how it hurts, but makes you understand that the discomfort is in this area, complaints cannot be ignored and you need to urgently make an appointment with a doctor for consultation and receiving answers to many pressing questions.

Unfortunately, often the cause of pain is associated with rheumatism. If earlier many believed that this is a disease of people in old age, now it is more “rejuvenating”.The doctor can make or exclude this diagnosis based on the examination, as well as the results of the rheumatic test. Particular attention should be paid to the health of a child aged 5–8 years during the period of active growth, when the internal organs do not always keep up with the active growth of bone and muscle tissue.

The cause of pain may be neurosis or vegetative disorders. If the child is active, moves a lot and does not even consider your request or offer to rest, take a breath and experience pain after active play or sports, and they quickly pass, this indicates temporary manifestations of cardialgia.

Do infections and viruses cause pain symptoms?

Yes, first of all, it is a streptococcal infection, which gives a complication to the heart, and in addition, it can provoke the rapid development of rheumatism.

Viral myocarditis is provoked by disease-causing cells and can manifest itself as a consequence of the transferred influenza, ARVI. If 2-3 weeks ago a child suffered from a sore throat or scarlet fever and then began to complain of chest pain in the front or back, it is urgently necessary to consult a specialist in order to exclude negative reactions.

If pain symptoms are actively manifested while running, then this may indicate excessive overexertion or heart dysfunction:

After resting after running, the child stopped experiencing pain? – All the same, you shouldn’t hesitate, and it needs to be shown to the cardiologist for consultation. To obtain an accurate diagnosis, blood tests, cardiogram, ultrasound of the heart are prescribed.

Main causes of pain associated with cardiac muscle dysfunction:

• vessels do not have time to grow behind bone and cartilaginous tissues;

• development of vegetative-vascular dystonia, which is especially important in adolescence;

• violation of the functions of the musculoskeletal system.

When the child is too young and he has a pain, the parents ask him to show with his finger exactly where. Sometimes babies can point to the left side of the chest area, but their stomach hurts. “Not real” pain in the heart area is caused by osteochondrosis, gastrointestinal disorders, and scoliosis.

Sometimes a child can simulate a painful reaction. You can understand this by his behavior, and besides this, if you switch attention to something else, the pain will pass, you can say that the baby is capricious and simply requires attention.

If pain is observed during coughing or deep inhalation, but does not quickly go away when changing position or resting, this may indicate pleurisy or tachycardia. During the appointment, the cardiologist will listen to the heart, determine the heart rate and, if necessary, may prescribe other tests to get the most accurate result and prescribe treatment on time.

Observe the nature of the pain: pleural – during movement, deep breath, coughing. The second type is pressing pain in the chest.In any case, it is necessary to show the child to a specialist as quickly as possible.

When the baby is already able to speak to describe the nature of the pain, ask him to tell in detail exactly where he feels discomfort, what type of pain he feels, follow its intensity and, possibly, identify the accompanying factors:

• active sports;

• strong emotional reactions;

• reactions to certain foods.

If the baby has undergone open heart surgery, then regular consultations with a pediatric cardiologist, adherence to the course of treatment and recommendations are mandatory.

Attentive parents not only pay attention to what may be troubling their child in time, but also constantly consult with professional medical personnel in order to exclude the aggravation of the disease and solve the problem at an early stage.

Your child’s health must be entrusted to professionals.If you experience the first symptoms, see your doctor! In the First Children’s Medical Center, experienced doctors quickly recognize the signs of the disease, conduct a full examination using modern medical equipment and provide qualified medical care. We work seven days a week and are waiting for you at any time from 8.00 to 20.00.

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90,000 Heart anxiety / For a healthy lifestyle! / Articles / Center for Contemporary Cardiology

Very often people complain of pain in the heart, but it turns out that the stomach hurts, suffers from osteochondrosis, or stress has led to the development of depression.And the development of a heart attack is not recognized, they are attributed to the same stomach, osteochondrosis or even toothache. How to figure it out?

Let’s try to help.

“Angina pectoris”. This was the name in the old days of the disease that we now call angina pectoris. A heart attack usually begins with pressing or burning pain in the center of the chest (doctors say “behind the breastbone”) during exertion or stress, although it can develop at rest.

The pain is quite intense, it can radiate to the lower jaw, shoulders and arms (more often to the left, but possibly both), to the neck, throat and back.Sometimes it disguises itself as breaking pains in the same areas or pain in the stomach (upper abdomen – epigastrium), imitating an intestinal disorder.

The pain goes away at rest in a few minutes, and if you put a nitroglycerin tablet under your tongue (or spray a spray containing nitroglycerin) – almost instantly. Ask a question to the cardiologist.

If such pain lasts longer than 20-30 minutes and its intensity increases, the development of a heart attack is not excluded.Timely help significantly reduces the risk of dying from a heart attack, so you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible. Recording an ECG in case of a heart attack almost always helps to make a diagnosis. Sign up for an ECG.

“The heart attack is canceled.” Very often, young women come to the doctor with complaints of pain in the heart. How could it be otherwise, because through the heart we pass all our troubles, worries and joys. In this case, as a rule, there is no cause for alarm.

In young women, “pain in the heart” is often of a functional nature, that is, angina pectoris is not the cause. Female sex hormones protect blood vessels from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. And if you look at it, “heart” pains bother women not in the area where the “angina pectoris” likes to settle, but in the left half of the chest, in the axillary region or under the left breast gland. They wear, as a rule, the nature of discomfort, stitching or aching pain, and can last from half an hour to several hours or even days.

Similar sensations arise for various reasons. Stress, lack of sleep, overwork, premenstrual period … and as a result, anxiety or depressive disorder. Skeletal muscles are tense, on the shoulders they are compacted into painful lumps – “lumps of nerves”! Sometimes a short but good rest and pleasant emotions are enough.

In more serious cases, you have to seek help from a neuropathologist , a psychotherapist. Remember: the longer the depression lasts, the more difficult it is for the doctor to completely relieve you of discomfort, sleep disturbances and bad mood.However, in addition to stress, other causes can also lead to pain in the “region of the heart”.

“Bouquet of diseases”. Osteochondrosis, a disease of sedentary people, leads to pinched nerve roots and the development of pain. If the thoracic spine is involved, then it is the heart that falls under the patient’s suspicion – it pricks and pierces, lies on the chest with a lump or a stone, grabs with breaths and sharp turns of the body, whines for hours.

If such sensations arise with strong excitement, then a complete impression of a heart attack can be formed.But the real cause of pain in this case is the tension in the muscles of the neck and back. Unlike an attack of angina pectoris, which is quickly removed by nitroglycerin, pain relievers, massage, kneading the back with hydro-massage jets, shock wave therapy can help. On examination, changes in the vertebrae may be found on an x-ray of the spine. But the ECG, even at the time of the most intense neuralgic pain, will be normal. Ask a question to a neurologist.

Chest pain may appear during a cold if it is complicated by bronchitis.A cough can add unpleasant sensations, since on the second day of a hacking cough, in addition to the bronchi, the pectoral muscles will be added to the painful sensations. If the cold is complicated by pneumonia and pleurisy, then with a deep inhalation and exhalation, you can notice changes in pain. The pain increases with inhalation, when the lungs expand and “rub” against the inflamed pleura, and decreases with exhalation.

The doctor will recommend performing an X-ray of the lungs, listen to wheezing in the lungs with a phonendoscope.

Do not forget about the stomach, pancreas and gall bladder.A common cause of chest pain is intercostal neuralgia, herpes zoster, and in women, mastopathy.

Regular palpation of the mammary glands must be carried out by women after 30-35 years old, and if there is pain or seals, consult a doctor, who will certainly send for an ultrasound of the mammary glands and mammography.

Gender matters, because it is in women that “heart pain” during examination turns out to be a mask of other diseases, and in men over 40, any “gastritis, an attack of osteochondrosis or a sore tooth” may be a newly developed heart attack.A timely visit to a doctor is necessary if the heart is at risk. Make an appointment with a doctor.

On the other hand, all chest pains should not be “blamed” on a poor heart either.

Let’s try to understand, analyze our feelings and try to distinguish the attack that can threaten health from functional pain.